Suction Anchor May 2015

CAPACITY OF
SUCTION CAISSON
CONTENTS
Objective
What is suction caisson?
Installation of suction caisson
Why suction caisson?
How to study?
Results
CONTENTS

How to study?
Result
CONTENTS
WHAT IS SUCTION CAISSON?

How to study?
Result
Suction Caisson
buckets, skirted foundations and suction anchors
Upturned steel bucket install by suction of air or water out of the

water cavity
used in:
the oil and gas industry in the construction of platforms
now, looking forward for wind turbines foundation development
1st introduced by Senpere and Auvergne (1982) as mooring

anchors for a storage tanker in the Gorm field located offshore
Denmark.
CONTENTS
INSTALLATION OF SUCTION CAISSON

How to study?
Results
Launched from an installation vessel, landed softly on the sea floor
Lowered to the sea floor with the valves open so that the enclosed air
can escape rapidly
Once the suction caisson has penetrated the sea floor under its own
weight, the relief valves are closed
Removing the trapped water from the suction caisson by means of

pumps mounted on the top
Difference between the external hydrostatic water pressure and the

inside of the suction caisson generates the driving force for soil
penetration
Pumping is stopped after reaching the desired depth
Pumps are recovered for reuse elsewhere
CONTENTS

WHY SUCTION CAISSON?
How to study?
Results
10
Most of the offshore foundation and structure used pile foundation

instead of suction caisson.
Pile foundations for offshore platforms:
traditionally designed based on yield of an individual pile
require heavy duty piling equipment
time consuming and expensive
type is not suitable for locations with many large boulders in the
seabed
Failure mechanism of piles
11
Failure mechanism of piles
12
13
14
Suction caisson:
it is easy to install within one day at precise location
environmentally friendly
incur less decommissioning issues as it can be easily by

reverse the direction of the pumping
lower cost
besides supporting platform, suction caisson can also be

designed for storing oil during oil extraction.
15
Contents

Results
16
CAPACITY OF
SUCTION CAISSON
VERTICAL
LOADING
SAND
CLAY
SELFWEIGHT
PENETRATION
HORIZONTAL
LOADING
SAND
SUCTION
ASSISSTED
PENETRATION
CLAY
LIMIT TO
SUCTION
PENETRATION
UPLIFT
LOADING
SAND
CLAY
17
Loading Condition
Acquire formula involved in the calculation
Acquire value of parameters involved.
Formulate calculation file in Microsoft Excel
Substitute all the parameters into the formula.
Generate graph from the calculation to compare the behavior
18
CONTENTS

RESULTS
19
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Self weight Penetration (Clay)
V ' ho su1 Do hi su1 Di ' hNq su 2 Nc Dt
16,000.00
14,000.00
Vertical Load (kN)
12,000.00
10,000.00
8,000.00
6,000.00
4,000.00
2,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Vertical Load versus Z/h in Clay
6.00
Z/h
8.00
10.00
12.00
20
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Self weight Penetration (Clay)
V ' ho su1 Do hi su1 Di ' hNq su 2 Nc Dt

12,000.00
10,000.00
Vertical Load (kN)
8,000.00
6,000.00
4,000.00
2,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Vertical Load versus Z/D in Clay
6.00
Z/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
21
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Self weight Penetration (Sand)
V '
' h2
2
K tan o Do
' h2
2
K tan i Di ' hNq ' t N Dt
250,000.00
Vertical Load (kN)
200,000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
50,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Vertical Load versus Z/h in Sand
6.00
Z/h
8.00
10.00
12.00
22
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Self weight Penetration (Sand)
V '
' h2
2
K tan o Do
' h2
2
K tan i Di ' hNq ' t N Dt
100,000.00
90,000.00
80,000.00
Vertical Load (kN)
70,000.00
60,000.00
50,000.00
40,000.00
30,000.00
20,000.00
10,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Vertical Load versus Z/D in Sand
6.00
Z/D
8.00
10.00
12.0023
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Suction Assisted Penetration (Clay)
Do2
h o su1 Do h i su1 Di ' h su 2 N c Dt
V ' s
4
14,000.00
12,000.00
Vertical Load + Suction (kN)
10,000.00
8,000.00
6,000.00
4,000.00
2,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Z/h
8.00
10.00
12.00
24
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Suction Assisted Penetration (Clay)
Do2
h o su1 Do h i su1 Di ' h su 2 N c Dt
V ' s
4
10,000.00
9,000.00
8,000.00
7,000.00
6,000.00
5,000.00
4,000.00
3,000.00
2,000.00
1,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Z/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
25
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Suction Assisted Penetration (Sand)
h
D 2
1 a s Z 2 exp h 1 h K tan D
as h
V ' s i ' Z o2 exp 1 K tan o Do '

o
i
i
Z
h Zo
h Z i
4
Z o
i
1 a s h
Z i exp 1 N q ' tN } Dt
'
h Z i
2,000,000.00
1,500,000.00
1,000,000.00
500,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
10.00
12.00
26
-500,000.00
8.00
Z/h
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Suction Assisted Penetration (Sand)
h
D 2
1 a s Z 2 exp h 1 h K tan D
as h
V ' s i ' Z o2 exp 1 K tan o Do '

o
i
i
Z
h Zo
h Z i
4
Z o
i
1 a s h
Z i exp 1 N q ' tN } Dt
'
h Z i
1,400,000.00
1,200,000.00
1,000,000.00
800,000.00
600,000.00
400,000.00
200,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Z/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
27
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Limit to Penetration (Clay)
Di2
Di2
' h su 2 Nc Dt
h o su1 Do 1 2
V ' N su2
2
4
Dm Do
*
c
3,000.00
Limit to Suction Penetration (kN)
2,500.00
2,000.00
1,500.00
1,000.00
500.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Z/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
28
RESULT & FINDING

VERTICAL LOAD
Limit to Penetration (Clay)
Di2
Di2
' h su 2 Nc Dt
h o su1 Do 1 2
V ' N su2
2
4
Dm Do
*
c
1,800.00
1,600.00
Limit to Suction Penetration (kN)
1,400.00
1,200.00
1,000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Z/h
8.00
10.00
12.00
29
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Limit to Penetration (Sand)
V '
' hDi2
1 a 4
' tN Dt
h
h
Z o2 exp 1 K tan n oDo
1 a Z o
Z o
'
30,000.00
25,000.00
Limit to Suction (kN)
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Z/h
8.00
10.00
12.00
30
RESULT
VERTICAL LOAD
Limit to Penetration (Sand)
V '
' hDi2
1 a 4
' tN Dt
h
h
Z o2 exp 1 K tan n oDo
1 a Z o
Z o
'
16,000.00
14,000.00
Limit to Suction (kN)
12,000.00
10,000.00
8,000.00
6,000.00
4,000.00
2,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Z/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
31
RESULT
HORIZONTAL LOAD (Clay)
H u N h As u ( 2
Nh
L)
d d

6.3 L L
4
0.3785
7.02
1.58e
L
0.775
D
1,200.00
Horizontal Load (kN)
1,000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
-1.00
1.00
3.00
Horizontal Capacity versus L/d in Clay
5.00
L/d
7.00
9.00
11.00
32
RESULT
HORIZONTAL LOAD (Clay)
H u N h As u ( 2
Nh
L)
d d

6.3 L L
4
0.3785
7.02
1.58e
L
0.775
D
1,400.00
1,200.00
1,000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
-1.00
1.00
3.00
Horizontal Capacity versus L/D in clay
5.00
L/D
7.00
9.00
11.00
33
RESULT
HORIZONTAL LOAD (Sand)
' DL3 tan 2 450

Qu
2d L
20,000.00
18,000.00
16,000.00
14,000.00
12,000.00
10,000.00
8,000.00
6,000.00
4,000.00
2,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Horizontal Capacity versus L/d in Sand
6.00
L/d
8.00
10.00
12.00
34
RESULT
HORIZONTAL LOAD (Sand)
' DL3 tan 2 450

Qu
2d L
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Horizontal Capacity versus L/D Sand
6.00
L/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
35
RESULT
UPLIFT LOAD (Clay)
Vu pu A
pu Nc Dc su (tip ) ' L
L
N c 8
D
0.1833
30,000.00
25,000.00
Uplift Load (kN)
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Uplift Load versus L/d in Clay
L/d
8.00
10.00
12.00
36
RESULT
UPLIFT LOAD (Clay)
Vu pu A
pu Nc Dc su (tip ) ' L
L
N c 8
D
0.1833
30,000.00
25,000.00
Uplift Load (KN)
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Uplift Load versus L/D in Clay
6.00
L/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
37
RESULT
UPLIFT LOAD (Sand)
Vu pu A
pu ( net)
L
9.1
D
0.5372
1 sin 'OCR0.5 tan ' v' (bottom)
350,000.00
300,000.00
Uplift Load (kN)
250,000.00
200,000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
50,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
Uplift Load versus L/d in Sand
6.00
L/d
8.00
10.00
12.00
38
RESULT
UPLIFT LOAD (Sand)
Vu pu A
pu ( net)
L
9.1
D
0.5372
1 sin 'OCR0.5 tan ' v' (bottom)
350,000.00
300,000.00
Hprizontal Load (kN)
250,000.00
200,000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
50,000.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Uplift Load versus L/D in Sand
L/D
8.00
10.00
12.00
39
CONTENTS
Objective
How to study?
Result
40
CONTENTS

How to study?
Results
41

Suction Anchor May 2015

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CAPACITY OF

What is suction caisson?

WHAT IS SUCTION CAISSON?

Installation of suction caisson

WHAT IS SUCTION CAISSON?

buckets, skirted foundations and suction anchors

Upturned steel bucket install by suction of air or water out of the

WHAT IS SUCTION CAISSON?

the oil and gas industry in the construction of platforms

now, looking forward for wind turbines foundation development

1st introduced by Senpere and Auvergne (1982) as mooring

What is suction caisson?

INSTALLATION OF SUCTION CAISSON

Why suction caisson?

Installation of suction caisson

Launched from an installation vessel, landed softly on the sea floor

can escape rapidly

Installation of suction caisson

Removing the trapped water from the suction caisson by means of

Difference between the external hydrostatic water pressure and the

Pumping is stopped after reaching the desired depth

Pumps are recovered for reuse elsewhere

What is suction caisson?

WHY SUCTION CAISSON?

WHY SUCTION CAISSON?

Most of the offshore foundation and structure used pile foundation

Pile foundations for offshore platforms:

traditionally designed based on yield of an individual pile

require heavy duty piling equipment

time consuming and expensive

Failure mechanism of piles

Failure mechanism of piles

WHY SUCTION CAISSON?

it is easy to install within one day at precise location

incur less decommissioning issues as it can be easily by

besides supporting platform, suction caisson can also be

What is suction caisson?

Acquire value of parameters involved.

Formulate calculation file in Microsoft Excel

Substitute all the parameters into the formula.

Generate graph from the calculation to compare the behavior

What is suction caisson?

V ' ho su1 Do hi su1 Di ' hNq su 2 Nc Dt

Vertical Load (kN)

Vertical Load versus Z/h in Clay

V ' ho su1 Do hi su1 Di ' hNq su 2 Nc Dt

Vertical Load (kN)

Vertical Load versus Z/D in Clay

K tan i Di ' hNq ' t N Dt

Vertical Load (kN)

Vertical Load versus Z/h in Sand

K tan i Di ' hNq ' t N Dt

Vertical Load (kN)

Vertical Load versus Z/D in Sand

Vertical Load + Suction (kN)

Vertical Load versus Z/h in Clay

Vertical Load + Suction (kN)

Vertical Load versus Z/D in Clay

V ' s i ' Z o2 exp 1 K tan o Do '