Exercise 09 Hertz Contact
Exercise 09 Hertz Contact
Exercise 09 Hertz Contact
Objectives:
Use of contact pair approach
Multi-step analysis
Post-processing of the results
9-1
9-2
LESSON 9
Model Description:
In this example problem, a steel cylinder with a radius of 5 is
pressed against a 2 deep aluminum base. The problem is linear
except the contact condition at the base which is modeled using the
contact pair approach. The problem is similar to the Hertz contact
problem. (see Timoskenko and Goodier, 1951)
In this problem you will create the geometry. Then you will proceed
to mesh, load and analyze the problem. The steel material properties
have an Elastic Modulus of 30E6 and a Poissons ratio of 0.30 and
the aluminum properties have an Elastic Modulus of 10E6 and a
Poissons ratio of 0.33. Two steps will be used to model the contact
and force application. The first step brings the cyclinder and base
plate into contact. The second step applies a load of 100,000 lb/ inch
depth to create the hertz contact condition.
9-3
Exercise Procedure:
1.
File/New ...
Database Name:
hertz.db
OK
Change the New Analysis Preference form to
MSCADVANCED_FEA.
Analysis Code:
MSC/ADVANCED_FEA
OK
2.
Create the geometry for the cylinder and the base plate.
First create a group that contains the cylinder and name it cylinder
Group/Create...
New Group Name:
cylinder
Make Current
Group Contents:
Apply
Cancel
Geometry
Action:
Create
Object:
Curve
Method:
XYZ
<5, 0, 0>
[0, 0, 0]
Apply
9-4
Action:
Create
Object:
Surface
Method:
Revolve
LESSON 9
Patran 2 Convention
Axis:
Coord 0.3
Total Angle:
-180
Curve List:
Curve 1
Apply
Now create a group for the base plate.
Group/Create...
New Group Name:
plate
Make Current
Group Contents:
Apply
Cancel
Geometry
Action:
Create
Object:
Surface
Method:
XYZ
[-8, -5.1, 0]
Apply
3.
cylinder
Apply
9-5
Cancel
4.
Finite Elements
Action:
Create
Object:
Mesh Seed
Method:
Number:
22
L2/L1:
-5
Repeat the above steps with the bottom left curve setting L2/L1 = 5
and Number = 22.
Repeat the above steps for the vertical centerline with L2/L1 = -2
and Number = 22
Figure 7.1 - Mesh seed locations for cylinder
Mesh Seed
of 22 Elements
L2/L1 = 5
9-6
Mesh Seed
of 22 Elements
L2/L1 = -2
Mesh Seed
of 22 Elements
L2/L1= -5
LESSON 9
5.
Action:
Create
Object:
Mesh
Type:
Surface
Element Topology:
Quad4
Surface List:
Apply
Your model should now look like the one shown in Figure 7.2:
Figure 7.2 - Meshed surface representing cylinder
6.
Group/Post...
Select Groups to Post:
plate
9-7
Apply
Cancel
7.
Create
Object:
Mesh Seed
Method:
Number:
44
L2/L1:
-5
Curve List:
Create
Object:
Mesh Seed
Method:
Number:
10
L2/L1:
Curve List:
8.
Action:
9-8
Create
LESSON 9
Object:
Mesh
Type:
Surface
Element Topology:
Quad4
Surface List:
Apply
Your model should now look like the one in Figure 7.4:
Figure 7.4 - Meshed surface representing plate
9.
This group will have all the finite elements for the entire model in it.
Group/Create...
New Group Name:
fem
Make Current
Unpost All Other Groups
Group Contents:
Apply
Cancel
10.
Action:
Equivalence
Object:
All
Method:
Tolerance Cube
Equivalencing Tolerance:
.005
9-9
Apply
11.
Since this is a 2-D plane strain model, the normals will need to be
pointing in the positive Z direction. To assist you in reversing
element normals, we will display the element normals right on the
elements.
Action:
Verify
Object:
Element
Test:
Normals
Your model should look like the figure shown in Figure 7.5:
9-10
LESSON 9
You will notice that the plate elements are pointing in the negative
Z direction. You will have to reverse them. First return to the
original view by selecting the front view toolbar icon and change the
model back to wireframe by picking the wireframe icon:
Front View
Wire Frame
Now post only the elements on the plate.
Group/Post ...
Group:
plate
Apply
9-11
Cancel
Finite Elements
Action:
Modify
Object:
Element
Test:
Reverse
Element List:
Apply
Reset the graphics display by selecting the Reset Graphics icon.
Reset Graphics
12.
Materials
Action:
Create
Object:
Isotropic
Method:
Manual Input
Material Name:
steel
Input Properties...
Constitutive Model:
Elastic
Elastic Modulus:
30E6
Poissons Ratio:
0.30
Apply
Cancel
Repeat the above step for to create an aluminum material. Change
the Material Name to be aluminum. Change the Elastic Modulus to
be 10.E6 and the Poissons Ratio to be 0.33.
9-12
LESSON 9
13.
This group will contain all the geometries and the finite elements for
the entire model in it.
Group/Create...
New Group Name:
all
Make Current
Unpost All Other Groups
Group Contents:
Apply
Cancel
14.
Properties
Action:
Create
Dimension:
2D
Type:
2D Solid
cylinder
Options:
Plain Strain
Standard Formulation
Input Properties...
Material Name:
steel
Thickness:
1.0
OK
Select Members:
Add
Apply
9-13
Repeat the same process with a new Property Set Name of plate. The
Input Properties are the same except the material will be aluminum.
Enter Surface 3 (shown in Figure 7.6) in the Select Members list
box.
Figure 7.6 - Elements to be assigned properties
Property
cylinder
Surface 1 and 2
Property
plate
Surface 3
15.
Loads/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Displacement
Type:
Nodal
fixed_base_1
Input Data...
Translations <T1,T2,T3>:
< 0, , >
Rotations <R1,R2,R3>:
<,,>
OK
Select Application Region...
Geometry Filter:
9-14
FEM
LESSON 9
Select Nodes:
Add
OK
Apply
16.
Action:
Create
Object:
Displacement
Type:
Nodal
fixed_base_2
< , 0, >
Rotations <R1,R2,R3>:
<,,>
OK
Select Application Region...
Geometry Filter:
Geometry
Click in the Select Geometric Entities databox and select the curve
on the bottom edge of model as shown in Figure 7.7:
First, you will want to click on the curve icon:
Curve
9-15
Region
to select
Add
OK
Apply
17.
Action:
Create
Object:
Displacement
Type:
Nodal
close_gap
Input Data...
9-16
Translations <T1,T2,T3>:
Rotations <R1,R2,R3>:
<,,>
LESSON 9
OK
Select Application Region...
Geometry Filter:
FEM
Select Nodes:
Click in the Select Nodes databox and select the nodes on the top
edge of the model as shown in Figure 7.8:
Figure 7.8 - Selected region to apply close_gap to
Region
to select
Add
OK
Apply
18.
Action:
Create
Object:
Contact
9-17
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Deform-Deform
Analysis Type:
Structural
cylinder_plate_contact
Input Data...
Contact Type:
General
Sliding:
Small
Surface Behavior:
Hard
Friction Formulation:
Penalty
Viscous Damping:
OFF
Penetration Type:
One Sided
OK
Select Application Region...
Figure 7.9 - Contact surface definition
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
.1050
1 11 1 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 1 11 1
9-18
Geometry Filter:
Geometry
Master Surface:
2D Solid Edge
LESSON 9
Slave Surface:
2D Solid Edge
Active Region:
Master
Add
Active Region:
Slave
Add
OK
Apply
19.
Action:
Create
Object:
Pressure
Type:
Element Uniform
hertz_load
2D
Input Data...
10000
Edge Pressure:
OK
Select Application Region...
FEM
Geometry Filter:
Select 2D Element or Edge:
9-19
Add
OK
Apply
20. You will now create the two load cases for analysis.
Load Cases
Action:
Create
contact_step_1
Assign/Prioritize Loads/BCs
Select LBCs to Add to
Spreadsheet:
OK
Apply
9-20
Conta_cylinder_plate
Displ_close_gap
Displ_fixed_base_1
Displ_fixed_base_2
LESSON 9
hertz_load_step_2
Assign/Prioritize Loads/BCs
Select LBCs to Add to
Spreadsheet:
(select rows containing)
Press_hertz_load
Displ_close_gap
9-21
To review, you should have 2 Load Cases with the following Loads
and Boundary Conditions:
Load Case #
Load/BCs
contact_step_1
Conta_cylinder_plate
Displ_fixed_base_1
Displ_fixed_base_2
Displ_close_gap
hertz_load_step_2
Conta_cylinder_plate
Displ_fixed_base_1
Displ_fixed_base_2
Press_hertz_load
21.
Now create the analysis steps. Both steps will use the
default analysis parameters and output requests.
Analysis
Action:
Analyze
Object:
Entire Model
Method:
Full Run
Job Name:
hertz
Step Creation...
Job Step Name:
step_1_hertz_contact
Solution Type:
Nonlinear Static
contact_step_1
OK
Apply
Create a second step to perform the Hertz contact analysis.
Job Step Name:
step_2_hertz_contact
Solution Type:
Nonlinear Static
9-22
LESSON 9
hertz_load_step_2
OK
Apply
Cancel
22.
Select the steps and submit the job for analysis. Make
sure that the Default Static Step is not selected.
Step Selection...
Selected Job Steps:
step_1_hertz_contact
step_2_hertz_contact
Apply
Apply
23.
Analysis
Action:
Read Results
Object:
Result Entities
Method:
Translate
hertz.fil
OK
Apply
When PATRAN opens again the results will be incorporated into the
database.
24.
Group/Post...
Select Groups to Post:
fem
PATRAN 322 Exercise Workbook
9-23
Apply
Cancel
25.
Results
Click on Select Results
Action:
Create
Object:
Quick Plot
Stress,Components
Result Quantity:
Von Mises
Apply
9-24
LESSON 9
Clear the viewport using the following icon in the top menu bar.
Reset Graphics
Now create the yy plot.
Result Quantity:
Y-Component
Apply
9-25
Clear the viewport using the following icon in the top menu bar.
Reset Graphics
Finally, use the above procedure to create a xy plot to see the shear
stresses. Make sure clean up the viewport using the Reset Graphics
Icon.
26.
1.0
Scale Factor:
True Scale
Show Undeformed Entities
Stress, Components
Result Type:
Von Mises
Deformation, Displacement
Apply
Notice that the two bodies are in contact, and that there is even a
slight deformation of both the plate and cylinder. To get a better
view, zoom in on the contact zone by using the View Corners icon.
View Corners
Your model should now appear as shown in Figure 7.12:
9-26
LESSON 9
9-27
27.
Theoretical Comparison
From the 6th Edition of Roarkss Formulas for Stress and Strain (by
Warren C. Young, 1989, pg 651) we can derive the contact patch, b,
and the maximum compressive stress
Figure 7.13 - Theoretical representation of loading
P
D
KD=D
b
The contact width for a full model is given by
b = 1.60 pK D C E
where
2
1
1
C E = -------------- + -------------E1
E2
and the maximum stress is given by
p
Max c = 0.798 -------------KD C E
1 ( 0.33 )
1 ( 0.3 )
7
C E = ----------------------+ -------------------------= 1.1944 10
6
6
10 10
30 10
9-28
LESSON 9
Action:
Create
Object:
Report
Method:
Preview
Stress,Components
Ascending
Y Component
OK
Apply
The results will be printed to the UNIX shell that you started P3
from. If you scroll to the top of the list output by the Text Reporter,
you will see the most severely loaded element. Use that information
to fill out the table below.
9-29
AFEA
230,900
9-30
% Diff