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Water Tree B54

Dr. M.I. Qureshi presented on non-destructive techniques for assessing degradation in water tree MV-XLPE cables. He discussed how cables degrade over time due to various stresses and moisture ingress can cause water trees. He evaluated techniques like return voltage measurement, time and frequency domain dissipation factor measurements, and isothermal relaxation current measurement on a laboratory-aged and field-aged cable. The isothermal relaxation current technique was able to accurately classify the cables as mid-life or critical based on degradation level, while other techniques provided misleading results. Dr. Qureshi concluded the isothermal relaxation current technique is a potential non-destructive method that can assess cable condition without stressing the cable.

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124 views

Water Tree B54

Dr. M.I. Qureshi presented on non-destructive techniques for assessing degradation in water tree MV-XLPE cables. He discussed how cables degrade over time due to various stresses and moisture ingress can cause water trees. He evaluated techniques like return voltage measurement, time and frequency domain dissipation factor measurements, and isothermal relaxation current measurement on a laboratory-aged and field-aged cable. The isothermal relaxation current technique was able to accurately classify the cables as mid-life or critical based on degradation level, while other techniques provided misleading results. Dr. Qureshi concluded the isothermal relaxation current technique is a potential non-destructive method that can assess cable condition without stressing the cable.

Uploaded by

constellana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probing Non-Destructive Techniques for

Assessing Degradation Status of Water


Treed MV-XLPE Cables
Presented By
Dr. M.I. Qureshi
Saudi Aramco Chair in Electrical Power
King Saud University

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Overview of Cable Degradation.

Non-destructive testing techniques.


MFA Set-up at KSU.
Results and Comparison.

Conclusions.

Overview
XLPE medium voltage cables are extensively used worldwide.
During service cables are subjected to several types of
stresses.
Electro-thermo-mechanical
Chemical
Moisture

Dielectric properties of cable degrade.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Most deleterious degradation process in XLPE insulation is


water treeing phenomena.

It initiates and propagates in the presence of electrical stress


moisture, temperature, chemical species.

Presence of chlorides and sulphates in sub-soil level


dramatically increase their size and number density.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Water Trees in XLPE Cable

Bow-Tie Tree
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Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Vented Trees

MV-XLPE cable installed in several utilities operating in GCC


countries are in service for almost 30 years.

Utilities are faced to critically decide either to:


Maintain

Repair rejuvenate OR
Replace.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Cables degradation does not depend on age alone as cables


don't age uniformly with time.

Replacement program should be based on their CONDITION


assessment.

Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) is successful only if


utility has reliable diagnostic tools.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

CBM

Several non-destructive techniques are available


commercially.

Off-line.
All work on the principle of assessment of dielectric response
of insulation.

Dielectric response of insulation under an applied electric


field varies with the changing structure of insulation.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

HVDC Methods
In the past, HVDC methods Hi-pot / DC leakage current have
been applied by utilities in several countries, but they not only

provide insufficient diagnostic precision but on contrary can


lead to development of water trees in the cable insulation.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Successful Non-destructive Techniques


Dissipation Factor (TD) measurements at
0.1 Hz using VLF set.
0.01 Hz to 10 Hz (DS).

Residual charge measurement method. (RCM)


Return voltage measurement method. (RVM)
Isothermal Relaxation Current (IRC) method.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Manufacturers generally claim superb performance of their


equipment for detection of cables degradation.

All techniques have certain measurement accuracy and also


associated with disadvantages.

Therefore, a comparison of performance of these techniques


is the aim of this investigation.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Two types of aged cables were tested using four detection


methods.

220 m long 15 kV rated XLPE cable was subjected to long term


accelerated aging for 7500 hours in the HV laboratory.

A 50 m long 15 kV rated XLPE cable was removed from service


from local industry.

After non-destructive tests, destructive tests were also


undertaken.
BD

Water tree parameters


09-11 Dec, 2012
Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

IRC-Technique

MFA

3 Uo
90 C
Cu2SO4

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Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Non-Destructive Techniques
1. RVM-method

Tc

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Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Td

2.5

Cable 1

Volt

1.5

Cable 2

0.5

0
0.1

10

100

1000

Tc (seconds)

RV-Tc spectra of two field aged cable segments.


09-11 Dec, 2012
Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Januzs Model of Dielectric Spectrum

A model of dielectric response based on


division spectra was introduced by Januz et
al. in 2002.
Plot of [Tc/Td = 10] / [Tc/Td=2] as a function
of Tc should give flat response for new
cable whereas aged cable should show a
distinct peak.

Their simulation showed the peak to occur


at 1s

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

3.5

2.5

B/A

1.5

0.5

0
0.1

10

100

Tc (seconds)

Division spectra of field aged (cable 1) and laboratory


aged (cable 2) cables.
09-11 Dec, 2012
Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

1000

2 & 3. TD in Time & Frequency Domain


Field Aged Cable
Tan 10-3

Applied
Voltage (kVrms)

0.1 Hz

0.05 Hz

0.01 Hz

2.2

0.3

0.8

1.3

4.4

0.3

0.8

1.3

6.5

0.3

0.8

1.3

8.7

0.3

0.8

1.4

13.1

0.3

0.9

1.6

17.4

0.4

1.0

1.8

21.8

0.5

1.2

2.1

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Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

TD = (TD at 2Uo TD) TD = 0.1 10-3


TD 1 10-3 critical
Havidson Technique works only on highly degraded cable.

Laboratory Aged Cable


Applied
Voltage
(kVrms)

Tan 10-3
0.1 Hz

0.05 Hz

0.01 Hz

Unaged

3000
Hr.

7500
Hr.

Unaged

3000
Hr.

7500
Hr.

2.2

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.3

1.3

4.4

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.3

1.3

6.5

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.3

1.3

8.7

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.3

1.3

13.1

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.3

1.3

17.4

0.3

0.3

0.9

0.8

0.8

1.7

1.3

1.3

1.4

21.8

0.3

0.3

--

0.8

0.8

--

1.4

1.4

--

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Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Unaged 3000
Hr.

TD = 0.4 10-3 as IEEE 400.2 Good Insulation

7500 Hr.

4. IRC Measuring Principle

LSI/LSA

Length

Shield

1
2
3
Conductor

RC

UF

RD

XLPEInsulation

RM
/A
VA

i E(t)
uR(t)

1: Forming (t F)

30 s
09-11 Dec, 2012
Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Sheath

A
D

2: Discharge (t D)

5s

3: Measurement (t M)

1800 s

IRC plots for new and field aged cables

Critical

Old

New

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Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Aged

Laboratory Aged Cable

Mid Life

12 Uo 13 Uo

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Field Aged Cable

Critical

7 Uo 8 Uo

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Water trees in laboratory aged cable.

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Comparison of TD & IRC With Destructive Tests

Cable Sample TD at 0.1 Hz

IEEE Std.
Status

Measured
U/Uo

IRC Prognosis
IRC(kUo)
Degradation
Status

Laboratory
Aged

0.4 10-3

Good

13.0

12 13

Mid Life

Field Aged

0.1 10-3

Good

8.5

78

Critical

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Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Conclusions

1. RVM not suitable for XLPE insulation.


2. DS carried out in frequency sweep 0.01 0.1 Hz fails to give
correct degradation status of mild-critical water tree
degraded cable.

3. TD at 0.1 Hz provides reasonable good information on


degradation but the IEEE set criteria that classifies the
degradation status present misleading / conservative result.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

4. Comparison of preceding results shows that software


controlled IRC analytical tool is not only a potential
technique for classifying the degradation level of aged XLPE
Cable into Mid-Life, Old, and Critical but also provides
remaining life of the cable (RSP) and includes the effect of
connected splices on the cable.

5. It does not stress the cable. It is safe, compact, quick and


economical.

6. The utility personal can operate and get results with little
training.

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

Thank you

09-11 Dec, 2012


Saudi Arabia-Jeddah

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