Classification and Types of Gels
Classification and Types of Gels
Classification and Types of Gels
First scheme
Second scheme
Jellies
- a class of gel in which the structural coherent matrix contains high proportion of
liquid, usually water.
-formed by adding thickening agent such as tragacanth and carboxymethyl
cellulose to an aqueous solution of a drug substance
-they are usually subject to bacterial contamination and growth, so most are
preserved with anti microbials.
-must be stored with tight closure because water may evaporate, drying out the
product.
Natural colloids- substances that are self- dispersing in a dispersing medium, such
as Acacia.
Artificial colloids- Materials that requires special treatment for prompt dispersion,
special treatment may involve pulverization to colloidal size with a colloid mill or a
micropulverizer.
Preparation of Magmas and gels
-Some magmas and inorganic gels are prepared by freshly precipitating the disperse
phase to achieve a fine degree of subdivision of particles and a gelatinous character
to those particles.
-addition of alcohol to the prepared carbomer gel may decrease viscosity and
clarity, increase in carbomer is required to overcome the loss of viscosity
-gel viscosity also depend on the presence of electrolyte and pH.
Methylcellulose
-long-chain substituted cellulose can be used to form gel in conc. at about 5%
-hydrates slowly in hot water
-anhydrous alcohol or propylene glycol may be used to to prewet powders
-Maximum clarity and fullest hydration and highest viscosity will be obtained when
cooled to 0-10c
Plastibase or jelene
-
Poloxamer or Pluoric
-
PVA
-Used at conc. At about 2.5% jellies in the preparation of various jellies that dry
rapidly when applied to skin
-Borax- good agent that will gel PVA solutions
Povidone
-can be used to prepare gels in concentrations of about 10%
-compatible in solution with wide range of inorganic salts,natural and synthetic
resins.
-use to increase solubility of poorly soluble drugs
Sodium alginate
-can be used to produce gel in conc. at about 10%
-most stable at pH 4-10
-below pH 3, alginic acid is precipitated
-thixotropic gel.
-Suspending agent
Aluminum hydroxide gel
-aqueous suspension of gelatinous precipitate
-prepared by chemical reaction
-Aluminum source of reaction is aluminum chloride, which yields the insoluble AlO 3
and aluminum hydroxide ppt.
-USP permits the addition of sweeteners, flavorants, and antimicrobial agents.
- antacid preparation is white viscous suspension, useful in treatment of
hyperacidity and peptic ulcer.
Disadvantage: constipating effects.
-Al(OH)3 interferes with bioavailability of tetracycline
Milk of Magnesia
-Preparation containing 7-8.5%
-may be prepared by reaction between NaOH and Magnesium sulfate
-product is produce by hyrdration of magnesium oxide
-opaque white viscous preparation from which varying proportions of water separate
on standing.
-should be shaken before use.
-flavoring oils may be added
-possess reasonable acid-neutralizing ability
-Side effect: Diarrhea
Starch glycerite
-used as topical vehicle and protectant
Lubricating Jelly Formula
-use to assist in medical procedures
-aid in insertion of various devices and drugs