REPORT

ON
3G TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY

SUBMITTED TO

SARANSH DESWAL

Mr. TILAK

08-ECE-50

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We are highly grateful to Mr. B.L SHARMA, Chairman, BMCTM Gurgaon by whose untiring
efforts this institution has become a reality and we got a chance to be a part of this institute.

We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks to Mr. Tilak-Seminar
coordinator without the wise counsel and able guidance, it would have been impossible to
complete the project in this manner.
We would also like to express gratitude to the HOD and other faculty members of
department of Electronics and communication engineering, BMCTM for their intellectual
support throughout the course of this work.

ABSTRACT

3G stands for third generation, and is a wireless industry term for a collection of international
standards and technologies aimed at increasing efficiency and improving the performance of
mobile wireless networks.
3G wireless services offer enhancements to current applications, including greater data speeds,
increased capacity for voice and data and the advent of packet data networks versus todays
switched networks.
3G (Third Generation) is a generic name for a set of mobile technologies which use a host of
high-tech infrastructure networks, handsets, base stations, switches and other equipment to allow
mobiles to offer high-speed Internet access, data, and video and CD- quality music services.
This paper presentation the 3rd generations of mobile technology features and services offered by
3G mobile Technology.

CONTENTS

What is 3G
History
3G Standards
Difference between 2G,2.5& 3G
Features
Conclusion

WHAT IS 3G

3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards for mobile phones

and mobile telecommunication services fulfilling the International Mobile
Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication
Union.[1] Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access,
video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.
Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet services as 3G,
indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless network. Services advertised

as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards, including standards for reliability and
speed (data transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak
data rates of at least 200 kbit/s (about 0.2 Mbit/s). However, many services advertised as 3G
provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Recent 3G
releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s
to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.

HISTORY

The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1998, branded
as FOMA. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of WCDMA technology. The
first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although
it was initially somewhat limited in scope; broader availability of the system was delayed by
apparent concerns over its reliability.
The first European pre-commercial network was an UMTS network on the Isle of Man by Manx
Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network (also

UMTS based W CDMA) in Europe was opened for business by Telenor in December 2001 with
no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers.
The newly initiated focus group will go by the name 3G.IP. The nine companies have committed
to support the development of next-generation wireless services such as voice, high speed data
and Internet access, imaging and video conferencing on an all IP based network architecture
using a common core network based on evolved General Packet Radio System (GPRS).
The 3G.IP group plans to set the direction and requirements for the work towards the
development of an IP based system for 3G mobile communications technology using W- CDMA
and broadband interfaces, which are ideally IP enabled voice and high-speed data transmission
for global 3G services. .
The combination of a common network, harmonized air interfaces and multi- mode terminals
will give customers seamless access to 3G IP services around the world, while satisfying the
varied needs of each carrier.

3G STANDARDS

International Telecommunications Unit (ITU): IMT-2000 consists of five radio interfaces:W-CDMA

CDMA2000
CDMA2001
TD-CDMA / TD-SCDMA
UWC-136
3G is a generic term covering a range of future wireless network technologies, including
WCDMA, CDMA2000, UMTS and EDGE. 3G combines high-speed mobile access with Internet

Protocol (IP) based services. This doesn't just mean fast mobile connection to the World Wide
Web - by liberating us from slow connections, cumbersome equipment and immovable access
points, 3G will enable new ways to communicate, access information, conduct business and
learn.
WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access: A technology for wideband digital radio
communications of Internet, multimedia, video and other capacity- demanding applications.
WCDMA has been selected for the third generation of mobile telephone systems in Europe,
Japan and the United States. Voice, images, data, and video are first converted to a narrowband
digital radio signal. The signal is assigned a marker (spreading code) to distinguish it from the
signal of other users. WCDMA uses variable rate techniques in digital processing and it can
achieve multi-rate transmissions. WCDMA has been adopted as a standard by the ITU under the
name IMT-2000 direct spread.
CDMA 2000 - Code Division Multiple Access 2000: Commercially introduced in 1995, CDMA
quickly became one of the world's fastest-growing wireless technologies. In 1999, the
International Telecommunications Union selected CDMA as the industry standard for new
"third-generation" (3G) wireless systems. Many leading wireless carriers are now building or
upgrading to 3G CDMA networks in order to provide more capacity for voice traffic, along with
high-speed data capabilities. Today, over 100 million consumers worldwide rely on CDMA for
clear, reliable voice communications and leading-edge data services.
CDMA 20001X for Voice and Data: CDMA2000 1X technology supports both voice and data
services over a standard (1X) CDMA channel, and provides many performance advantages over
other technologies. First, it provides up to twice the capacity of earlier CDMA systems (with
even bigger gains over TDMA and GSM), helping to accommodate the continuing growth of
voice services as well as new wireless Internet services. Second, it provides peak data rates of up
to 153 kbps (and up to 307 kbps in the future), without sacrificing voice capacity for data
capabilities.CDMA2000 1X phones also feature longer standby times. And because it's
backwards-compatible with earlier CDMA technology, CDMA2000 1X provides an easy and
affordable upgrade path for both carriers and consumers.
CDMA 20001xEV- DO for Faster Data: For those who want higher-speed or higher capacity data
services, a data-optimized version of CDMA2000 called 1xEV-DO provides peak rates of over 2
Mbps, with an average throughput of over 700 kbps - comparable to wire line DSL services and

fast enough to support even demanding applications such as streaming video and large file
downloads. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO also delivers data for the lowest cost per megabyte, an
increasingly important factor as wireless Internet use grows in popularity. 1xEV-DO devices will
provide "always-on" packet data connections, helping to make wireless access simpler, faster and
more useful than ever.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2G, 2.5G &

3G
2G digital cell phones. 2G networks (GSM, CDMA One, DAMPS) are the first digital cellular
systems launched early 1990s.2G services are frequently referred as Personal Communications
Service2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards
depending on the type of multiplexing used.
2.5G networks (GPRS, cdma2000 1x) are the enhanced versions of 2G networks with data rates
up to about 144kbit/s.While the terms "2G" and "3G" are officially defined, "2.5G" is not. It was
invented for marketing purposes only.

2.5G is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless technologies. The term "second
and a half generation" is used to describe 2G-systems that have implemented a packet switched
domain in addition to the circuit switched domain. It does not necessarily provide faster services
because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit switched data services (HSCSD) as well.e of
wireless communic2M bit/sec.
3G networks (UMTS FDD and TDD, cdma2000 1x EVDO, cdma2000 3x, TD- SCDMA, Arib
WCDMA, EDGE, IMT-2000 DECT) are the latest cellular networks that have data rates
384kbit/s and more.

FEATURES
The most significant features offered by third generation (3G) mobile technologies are the
momentous capacity and broadband capabilities to support greater numbers of voice and data
customers - especially in urban centers - plus higher data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G.
3G uses 5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver significantly higher data rates and increased
capacity compared with 2G networks.
The 5 MHz channel carrier provides optimum use of radio resources for operators who have
been granted large, contiguous blocks of spectrum. On the other hand, it also helps to reduce the

cost to 3G networks while being capable of providing extremely high- speed data transmission to
users.
It also allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and 2Mbps for stationary systems.
3G users are expected to have greater capacity and improved spectrum efficiency, which will
allow them to access global roaming between different 3G net workings.
The main characteristics of 3G are to provide mobile multimedia services at transmission rate of
144kbps at the highspeed 384kbps at the speed of walking 2Mbps indoors This theoretical
maximum (2Mbps) is close to the speed of LAN connections that many households nowadays
have. In addition, 3G networks can offer faster data transmission than the slowest.
What are the benefits of 3G?
Packet-based data provides several advantages over the existing circuit-switched techniques used
for carrying mobile voice. It allows higher call volumes and support for multimedia data
applications, such as video and photography. Users will be charged on how much data they
transmit, not on how much time they are connected to the network, because with 3G you are
constantly online and only pay for the information you receive.

CONCLUSION
3G is considered to be the evolution of existing mobile communications. In the light of the
discussion in this paper, there is strong evidence to suggest that the main outcome of using 3G
networks and services will be to get access to the same services with faster data connection
speed. Furthermore, it seems that the success of 3G lies in its ability to serve not only mobile
users but in providing access to the Internet with data cards inserted in laptops. Thus, 3G
networks will serve the same purpose as LAN and WLAN networks. In terms of business
opportunities, telecommunication companies main source of income is still coming from voicecentric services. For example, the mobile operator Hutchinson, offering services purely in 3G
networks, announced this autumn 2006 that its main source of income comes from discount
packets that offer free speech time in 3G networks. Moreover, as long as the price of the network

time is high in 3G, operators cannot wait fast diffusion of data centric mobile services. According
to mobile operators, 3G is needed in congested places where the demand on current mobile
networks exceeds the capacity.
On this basis, future research that identifies additional factors or views the factors presented in
different light would contribute to the understanding of 3G acceptance. Thus, a natural extension
of this study is the collection of primary data about the use and acceptance of 3G services in both
consumer and business markets.