Chemistry Project: Adverse Effects of Contentsof Soft Drinks
Chemistry Project: Adverse Effects of Contentsof Soft Drinks
Chemistry Project: Adverse Effects of Contentsof Soft Drinks
ON
AIM
OF FOUR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express mysincere gratitude to my Biology teacher,
in providing a helping hand in this project. Without her valuable
guidance and support this project titled Antibiotics-good or bad for
us? would not have been possible.AKASH.K.S
XII-B
Name:AKASH.K.S
Class:XII B
Roll No:12228
Exam
No:T216065430067
Institution:KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO 1 CRPF
PALLIPURAM
This is hereby to certify that, the original and
genuine investigation work has been carried out
to investigate the subject matter and related
data collection, solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily by AKASH.K.S of class XII B, on his
project titled Antibiotics-good or bad for us in the
subject of BIOLOGY during the academic year
2015/2016
Teacher In-charge
Examiners Signature
Principal
Date:.............................
Institution Rubber Stamp
PURPOSE
In recent days, several questions have been raised regarding the
contents of soft drinks. The adverse affect of the contents of
softdrinks on the health of the young has become an issue with the
consumers. News reports often say that they contain harmful
pesticide. I enjoy drinking soft drinks and wanted to confirm
whether the charges imposed on the various soft drink brands were
true or not. As I am in touch with qualitative analysis, and similar
analysis methods, this knowledge helped me to do this project
CONTENTS
I.
Introduction
II.
Theory
III.
Apparatus
IV.
Chemicals Required
V.
Detection of pH
VI.
X.
XI.
Result
XII.
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
After the exit of Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co .from the Indian market in
1977, Gold Spot, Limca and Thumbs up were launched by the Parle
Group of Companies. Since the beginning, soft drinks business was
highly profitable which lured multinationals, namely Coca-Cola and
Pepsi into India. Over the years they have launched many new
brands of soft drinks in the Indian market. It is noted that majority
of people drink Sprite, Mirinda , Limca to give them a feeling
of lightness while Pepsi, Thumbs Up, Coca-Colaactivate the pulse
and brain.
THEORY
Soft drinks of different brands consist of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon
dioxide, phosphate ions, etc. These soft drinks give a feeling of warmth,
lightness and have a tangy taste which is enjoyed by everyone.
Carbondioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the
bottle. The carbondioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonicacid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
APPARATUS
i.
Test Tube
ii.
iii.
Burner
vii.
pH Paper
viii.
Tripod Stand
ix.
China Dish
x.
Wire Gauge
xi.
Water Bath
CHEMICALSREQUIRED
i. Iodine Solution
ii. Potassium Iodine
iii. Sodium Hydroxide
iv. Fehlings A & B Solution
v. Lime Water
vi. Concentrated HNO
vii. Benedict Solution
viii. Ammonium Molybdate
DETECTION OF pH
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1-2 drops of a sampleof soft drink of fourbrands were taken in atest tube and put
onthe pH paper. Thechange in the colour of pH paper was noticedand was
comparedwith the standard pHscale.
SL.
NO BRAND
NAME
COLOUR
pH VALU
NATURE
PINK
1-2
acidic
1.COCA
COLA
SPRITE
ORANGE
acidic
7up
Mountain
Dew
ORANGISH 3-4
RED
DARK
3.2
YELLOW
acidic
acidic
RESULT :
Soft drinks tested were acidic in nature .Different pH levels indicated that the acidic
content in each brand was different from the other. Coco cola was found to be most
acidic.
SL
.
N
O
Brand Name
Change Observed
COCA COLA
Timetaken
Inferenc
e
26.5sec.
CO2 is
present
SPRITE
21 sec.
CO2 is
present
7up
20 sec.
CO2 is
present
30 sec.
CO2 is
present
Mountain
Dew
RESULT
CO2 in the dissolved state was found in all the four soft drinks.CO 2is responsible
for the tangy taste in soft drinks.
CHEMICAL REACTION
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
Brand
COCA COLA
SPRITE
7up
Mountain Dew
Observation
Inference
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE
IS PRESENT
GLUCOSE
IS PRESENT
GLUCOSE
IS PRESENT
GLUCOSE
IS PRESENT
RESULT
All the four samples contain glucose.
CHEMICAL REACTION
2 CuSO4.5H2O + C6H12O6 C6H12O7 + Cu2O + 2H2SO4+8 H2O
BRAND
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
1.
COCA COLA
Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate
present
2.
SPRITE
Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate
present
Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate
present
Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate
present
3.
4.
7up
Mountain
Dew
RESULT:
All the four soft drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 + 21HN4 NO3 + 12H2O
COCA COLA
Yellow precipitate
Alcohol present
SPRITE
7up
Yellow precipitate
Yellow precipitate
Alcohol present
Alcohol present
Mountain Dew
Yellow precipitate
Alcohol present
3
.
4
RESULT:
Traces of alcohol present in each of the four soft drinks.
CHEMICAL REACTION
CH3CH2OH + 4I2+ 6NaOH CHI3+ HCOONa +5NaI + 5H2O
Brand
COCA COLA
SPRITE
7up
Mountain
Dew
OBSERVATIO
N
Black residue
Black residue
Black residue
Black residue
INFERENCE
Sucrose present
Sucrose present
Sucrose present
Sucrose present
RESULT
The four brands of soft drinks contain sucrose but the amountof sucrose varies in
each
.
CHEMICAL REACTION
C12H22O11 12 C + 11 H2O
RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the differentbrands of soft
drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. 7UP
4. Mountain Dew
contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide.All soft drinks are
acidic in nature.On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most
acidic and 7UP
is least acidic of all the four brands taken.CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of soft drinks taken,Sprite
has the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and7UP
has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
CONCLUSION
ALCOHOL
Trace of alcohol found in soft drinks would not have any noticeable affect on
health
pH OF SOFT DRINKS
The pH of soft drink ranges from 2.5-3.4 which generates a highlyacidic
environment in the stomach. Throughout the digestive system,that starts from
the mouth and ends up at the anus (liver, gallbladderand pancreas play the role
of accessory organs) only the stomach can resist an acidic environment up to
pH 2.0. But before the acidity of soft drink reaches the stomach it passes
through all the other organs involved in the digestive system thus causing an
abnormal acidic environment. Hence the linings of the mouth, pharynx and
oesophagus are highly sensitive to acids
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comprehensive Experimental ChemistryBy V K Ahluwalia, Sudha Raghav,
Sudha Raghav2.
www.google.com3.
www.wikipedia.org4.
http://www.chem.sc.edu/analytical/chem321l/labs/expt8.pdf 5.
http://www.wnho.net/soft_drinks_hard_facts.pdf 6.
http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/7bd44c20b0dc562649256502001
b65e9/916cae3da5a8a11b49256f320018877f/$FILE/D282.pdf