Dr. T. A.

ENAB

Mansoura University
Faculty of Engineering
Prod. & Mech. Design Eng. Dept.

Production and Materials Engineering

(PRE4122)

Working sheet and assignment No. (4)

Imperfections in Solids
First Year Mech. Eng.

Section No.

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Student name : -------------------

Student ID

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Due date

Date

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Instructor : Dr. Tawakol Ahmed ENAB

Q1- a)

What are the different types of imperfections found in solids materials?

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Discuss briefly the different types of point defects?

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 1:

Q2- a) Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for lead at its melting
temperature of 327 C. Assume an energy for vacancy formation of 0.55 eV/atom.
(Note that k = 8.62*10-5 eV/atom-K).
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Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in iron at 850 C. The

energy for vacancy formation is 1.08 eV/atom. Furthermore, the density and atomic
weight for Fe are 7.65 g/cm3 and 55.85 g/mol, respectively.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 2:

Calculate the energy for vacancy formation in silver, given that the

equilibrium number of vacancies at 800 C (1073 K) is 3.6*1023 atom/m3. The

atomic weight and density (at 800 C) for silver are, respectively, 107.9 g/mol and
9.5 g/cm3.
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The density of a sample of FCC palladium is 11.98 g/cm3, which has a lattice

parameter of 3.8902 and an atomic weight of 106.4 g/mol. Calculate :

a. the fraction of the lattice points that contain vacancies,
b. the total number of vacancies in a cubic centimeter of Pd.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q2- c)

Q3- a)

In your own words, briefly define the term "stoichiometric"?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q3- b)

If cupric oxide (CuO) is exposed to reducing atmospheres at elevated

temperatures, some of the Cu2+ ions will become Cu+.

i

Under these conditions, name one crystalline defect that you would expect to
form in order to maintain charge neutrality.

ii How many Cu+ ions are required for the creation of each defect?
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 3:

Below, atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most

common valence are tabulated, for several elements; for those that are nonmetals,
only atomic radii are indicated. Which of these elements would you expect to form
the following with copper :
i. A substitutional solid solution having complete solubility?
ii. A substitutional solid solution of incomplete solubility?
iii. An interstitial solid solution?

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q3- c)

Q4- a)

What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 30 wt%

Zn and 70 wt% Cu? Note that the atomic weights of zinc and copper are 65.39 and
63.55 g/mol respectively.
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What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that consists of 6 at%

Pb and 94 at% Sn? Note that the atomic weights of Pb and Sn are 207.19 and
118.69 g/mol respectively.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 4:

What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that contains 98 g tin

and 65 g of lead? Note that the atomic weights of Pb and Sn are 207.19 and 118.69
g/mol respectively.
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Gold forms a substitutional solid solution with silver. Compute the number of

gold atoms per cubic centimeter for a silver-gold alloy that contains 10 wt% Au and
90 wt% Ag. The densities of pure gold and silver are 19.32 and 10.49 g/cm3,
respectively. While the atomic weights of pure gold and silver are 196.97 g/mol and
107.87 g/mol, respectively.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q4- c)

Q5- a)

For an ASTM grain size of 4, approximately how many grains would there be

per square inch in a micrograph taken at a magnification of 100X?

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A photomicrograph was taken of some metal at a magnification of 100X and

it was determined that the average number of grains per square inch is 10. Compute
the ASTM grain size number for this alloy?
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 5: