Analysis of Variance Questions and Answers
Analysis of Variance Questions and Answers
Analysis of Variance Questions and Answers
Level 1:
1. When is ANOVA used?
ANOVA is used to compare means (on continuous outcomes) among 3 or
more groups under the assumption that the populations are normally
distributed.
2. After calculating for the means of four different groups, your SAS
calculations determined the means were different. What is your next step in
the calculation process to determine your final answer for the problem? Do
you run any additional tests, if so, what is the name of the test?
The next step in the calculation is to determine where the difference of
means exists. You would run a post-hoc test to determine where the
difference in the means lies and which groups differ from each other or if
they all differ. Post-hoc test of choice varies.
3. Name the two types of variance found in One-Way ANOVA testing.
- Within group variance (error)
- Between group variance (group effect)
4. True or False: The F-test statistic is always positive and does not change
based on degrees of freedom.
False. The F-test statistic is always positive and DOES change based on
degrees of freedom.
5.
List
the
assumptions
Ho (Ho=1=2=3) is true
for
using
the
F-test
assuming
If the F test statistic is found to be 1, this means that the variances are
equal, between group and within group variances are equal.
10 . What type of ANOVA would be conducted given we have 1 independent
variable with 2 or more independent groups?
One-way ANOVA
Level 2:
1. For a given data set, the number of groups is 4 with the size of each group
being 4. How many degrees of freedom do we have for within groups sum of
squares in the ANOVA?
df(within) = df(total) - df(between)
= (Total number of subjects -1) - (4 -1)
= (16-1)-3
= 15-3
= 12
Level 3:
1.Following is the data available for tar content (in milligrams) for three
different brands of cigarettes. 6 samples from each of the three brands were
taken.
Brand A
10.21
10.25
10.24
9.80
9.77
9.73
Brand B
11.32
11.20
11.40
10.50
10.68
10.90
Brand C
11.60
11.90
11.80
12.30
12.20
12.20
of Sum
Variation
Between
squares
176.4
Groups
Within
83.6
Groups
Total
260.0
of df
Mean
Square
k=5
n=5*11=55
Source
of Sum
Variation
Between
Squares
176.4
of df
k-1=5-1=4
Groups
Mean
square
SS
MS b= b
k 1
F=
MS b
MS w
44.1
1.672
176.4
4
=26.3
7
=44.1
Within
83.6
Groups
n-k=55-
MS w =
5=50
SS b
nk
=
83.6
50
= 1.6
72
Total
260
n-1=551=54
Data source: