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    Key To Unit III

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    naxtor
    1. The document discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamics including the three laws of thermodynamics and concepts like heat engines, Carnot cycle, entropy, and efficiency. 2. It provides mathematical expressions for Carnot efficiency, entropy change, and evaluates examples to determine if cycles are reversible, irreversible, or impossible based on calculated efficiencies. 3. Several problems are included to calculate heat rejected, efficiency, and entropy change for systems involving heat transfer between sources and sinks.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Key To Unit III

    Uploaded by

    naxtor
    366 views10 pages
    1. The document discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamics including the three laws of thermodynamics and concepts like heat engines, Carnot cycle, entropy, and efficiency. 2. It provides mathematical expressions for Carnot efficiency, entropy change, and evaluates examples to determine if cycles are reversible, irreversible, or impossible based on calculated efficiencies. 3. Several problems are included to calculate heat rejected, efficiency, and entropy change for systems involving heat transfer between sources and sinks.

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    Key to Unit III

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    1. The document discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamics including the three laws of thermodynamics and concepts like heat engines, Carnot cycle, entropy, and efficiency. 2. It provides mathematical expressions for Carnot efficiency, entropy change, and evaluates examples to determine if cycles are reversible, irreversible, or impossible based on calculated efficiencies. 3. Several problems are included to calculate heat rejected, efficiency, and entropy change for systems involving heat transfer between sources and sinks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    366 views10 pages

    Key To Unit III

    Uploaded by

    naxtor
    1. The document discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamics including the three laws of thermodynamics and concepts like heat engines, Carnot cycle, entropy, and efficiency. 2. It provides mathematical expressions for Carnot efficiency, entropy change, and evaluates examples to determine if cycles are reversible, irreversible, or impossible based on calculated efficiencies. 3. Several problems are included to calculate heat rejected, efficiency, and entropy change for systems involving heat transfer between sources and sinks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Part A

    1. State Kelvin Planck’s and Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.

    2. Differentiate heat Engine and heat pump with a diagrammatic representation

    3. State Carnot’s principles. Give its mathematical statement.

    4. Draw the PV diagram of the Carnot’s Cycle.

    5. What are the steps involved in Carnot’s cycle?

    6. Define Entropy and give its expression. State what type of function is that?

    7. Give the mathematical statement of Second Law.


    8. List the causes of irreversibility.
    Friction, presence of driving force, time factor.
    9. State Third law of thermodynamics.

    10. A Carnot’s engine receives 500 kJ of heat per cycle from a high temperature source
    at 652 oC and rejects heat to a low temperature sink at 30 oC. Determine heat rejected to sink per
    cycle.
    TH = 652 oC + 273 = 925 K, TC = 30 oC + 273 = 303 K,

    QH = 500 kCal
    QC TC
    η =1 − and η =1 −
    QH TH
    To substitute,
    By given temperatures, η = 0.6724 and QC = 163.78 kCal
    11. A heat engine operates between a heat source at 700 K and a heat sink at 300 K. What is the
    maximum efficiency of engine? TC
    η =1 −
    TH
    To substitute the temperatures, η = 0.5714.

    Part B
    1. Explain any Heat engine and obtain the Efficiency of the Engine.
    2. State and Prove the Carnot’s principles.
    3. Derive the Carnot’s Equation for an Ideal Gas.
    4.
    Deve

    lop an expression to calculate the entropy change (occurring in a Reversible process / irreversible
    involving an) of an ideal gas.
    5. Explain the mathematical statement of second law.
    6. (a) A central power plant, rated at 8x105 kw, generates steam at 585 K and discards heat to river at
    295 K. If the thermal efficiency of the plant is 70% of the maximum possible value, how much heat
    is discarded to the river at rated power?

    (b)
    A

    steel casting weighing 40 kg and at a temperature of 450 oC is quenched in 150 kg of oil at 25 oC. If
    there are no heat losses, what is the change in entropy of (i) the steel casting (ii) the oil (iii) both
    considered together? Data: Cp of steel casting = 0.5 kJ/kg.K and Cp of oil=2.5 kJ/kg.K
    7. (a) A Heat Engine receives 500 kcal of heat per cycle from a reservoir at 1300 °C and rejects heat to
    a sink at 200 °C in hypothetical amounts of (a) 300 kcal (b) 150 kcal (c) 100 kcal .Which of these
    respective cases represents a reversible cycle, an irreversible cycle and
    an impossible cycle?
    Solution:
    Formula:
    QC TC
    η =1 − and η =1 −
    QH TH
    TH = 1300 °C + 273 = 1573 K and TC = 200 °C + 273 = 473 K
    Then to substitute the temperature,
    ηmax = 0.6993 = 0.7
    For the given hypothetical amounts of heat rejects to sink,
    Q H = 500 kcal

    QC 300
    a) η = 1 − = 1− = 0.4 (ηa< ηmax, so irreversible cycle)
    QH 500

    QC 150
    b) η = 1 − = 1− = 0.7 (ηa = ηmax, so reversible cycle)
    QH 500

    QC 100
    c) η = 1 − = 1− = 0.8 (ηa> ηmax, so iimpossible cycle)
    QH 500

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