MIT 5.112 Exam 1 Fall 2009

First Hour Exam
5.112
October 7, 2009
Write your name and your TA's name below. Do not open the exam until the start of the exam is
announced. The exam is closed notes and closed book.
1. Read each part of a problem carefully and thoroughly.
2. Read all parts of a problem. MANY OF THE LATTER PARTS OF A PROBLEM CAN BE
SOLVED WITHOUT HAVING SOLVED EARLIER PARTS. However, if you need a numerical result
that you were not successful in obtaining for the execution of a latter part, make a physically reasonable
approximation for that quantity (and indicate it as such) and use it to solve the latter parts.
3. A problem that requests you to calculate implies that several calculational steps are necessary for
the problems solution. You must show these steps clearly and indicate all values, including physical
constants used to obtain your quantitative result. Provide UNITS in your answers as appropriate.
4. If you dont understand what the problem is requesting, raise your hand and a proctor will come to
your desk.
5. Physical constants, formulas and a periodic table are given on the last page. You may detach this
page once the exam has started.
1.
(12 points) ______________
2.
(18 points) ______________
3.
(28 points) ______________
4.
(22 points) ______________
5.
(20 points) ______________
Total (100 points)
_________________
Name
_____________________________
_
TA
_____________________________
_
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 2 of 11 pages
1. Wave interference and diffraction.

0th order
1st order
Image for part (a)
EM waves reflected/diffracted
from a grating pattern
Image for part (b)

Interference pattern formed by sodium atoms
a) (6 points) The left-hand image (from Professor Nelsons research group) shows two
electromagnetic waves propagating inside a lithium niobate crystal in the directions shown
by the arrows after reflection/diffraction from a periodic grating pattern that has been carved
into the crystal. The zero order and the first-order diffraction are separated by about 90
degrees. If the wavelength is 50.0 micrometers, and the angle between the two waves is 90.0
degrees, what is the spatial period of the grating pattern (i.e. if the grating can be thought of a
line of equally spaced point scatterers, what is the distance between nearest neighbor
scatterers)?
b) (6 points) The right-hand figure is from the webpage of MIT Physics Professor and Nobel
Prize winner Wolfgang Ketterle, who has conducted experiments on quantum wavelike
behavior of atoms. It shows an interference pattern formed by crossing two beams of sodium
atoms. The interference fringe spacing of 15 micrometers and the angle between the two
beams of atoms showed that the sodium atom wavelength was about 1 micrometer. Calculate
the energy and speed of sodium atoms whose wavelength is 1.00 micrometers.
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 3 of 11 pages
2. The wavelength of light emitted from the transition n=6 to n=3 for Li2+ is 121.6 nm.
a) (6 points) Would you expect a gas of H atoms prepared in the ground state (n=1) to be able to
absorb these photons? If yes, calculate the transitions (n1 to nf) of hydrogen that would be
responsible for absorbing these photons.
b) (12 points) The same emitted light at 121.6 nm is now directed onto a gold foil (work function =
5.2eV). Are electrons ejected from the gold in this experiment? If yes, calculate the wavelength of
these electrons.
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 4 of 11 pages
3. Consider H atoms in the gas phase.

a) (6 points) Sketch the RPD for the 6d orbital of H. Indicate on your sketch all appropriate nodes and
the position of the most probably value of r (rmp).
b) H atoms in the gas phase are excited to a state with n=5.

(i)
(4 points) How many distinct states are possible with an energy corresponding to
n=5 (include spin!).
(ii)
(6 points) One of the orbital with n=5 is found to have a single planar node in the xy plane. How many radial nodes does this orbital have? Identify the orbital.
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 5 of 11 pages
c) Now consider the 2s and 2pz orbitals in a H atom. The wavefuntions are:
At the point (r = 4a0, = 5, = 0), the values for the wavefunctions are:
(i)
(6 points) What is the probability of finding an electron in a 2s orbital in a tiny cube

with a volume of 4.0 fm3 (1fm = 1 10-15 m) at the position above (r = 4a0, = 5,
= 0).
(ii)
(3 points) WITHOUT DOING A CALCULATION, do you expect the probability

for finding an electron in a 2pz orbital in a 4.0 fm3 volume at the same position as in
part (i) (r = 4a0, = 5, = 0) to be bigger, the same, or smaller than what you
found in part (i) for the 2s orbital? Explain briefly.
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

(iii)
Page 6 of 11 pages
(3 points) WITHOUT DOING A CALCULATION, now consider the position (r

= 4a0, = 5+90, = 0). Do you expect the probability for finding an electron in a
2pz orbital in a 4.0 fm3 volume to be bigger, the same, or smaller at this new
position compared to what it would have been at the position in the parts above (r =
4a0, = 5, = 0)?
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 7 of 11 pages
4. Short answers. Explanations are required for credit.
a) (6 points) Consider the first ionization energy (IE1). Order from smallest to largest IE1 the
following triplets of elements. Explain your ordering in a few words using electron configurations.
i)
B, C, N
ii)
Na, Mg, Al
b) (6 points) Which atoms in the following pairs would you expect to have the larger |EA1| (absolute
value)? Explain briefly using electron configurations.
i)
Si or P
ii)
Ag or Cd
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 8 of 11 pages
c) (4 points) Which of the following do you expect to be paramagnetic (having unpaired electrons) in
their ground state: Na+, Si-,Cl-,Cu-? Explain briefly using electron configurations.
d) (6 points) Consider the following electron configurations. Determine if these are proper ground
state (i.e. lowest energy) configurations. Explain briefly for each your reasoning.
i)
Sc+:[Ar] 4s2
ii)
Mo: [Kr] 5s24d4
iii)
Si: [Ne]3s2 3px2
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 9 of 11 pages
5. Consider an x-ray beam and a photoelectron spectroscopy experiment.

a) (5 points) The x-ray beam is directed at a gas of some unidentified element (in atomic form). The
kinetic energies of the ejected electrons are measured and four distinct kinetic energies are
obtained (no more, no less!). List all the potential ground elements (in atomic form) that could be
in this gas.
b) (5 points) Of the elements you identified in part a), which element (in atomic form in the gas
phase) would yield electrons with the lowest kinetic energies? Briefly explain your answer.
c) The two highest energies in the photoelectron spectrum measured in part a) consist of the
following two kinetic energies:
a. 1.9149 10-17 J
b. 1.9882 10-17 J
(i)
(ii)
(4 points) Assign the correct orbitals that gave rise to these two highest kinetic
energy electrons.
(6 points) The energy of the incoming x-ray photon was 2.0000 10-17 J.
Calculate Zeff for the orbital corresponding to the highest kinetic energy
electron (1.9882 10-17 J).
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 10 of 11 pages
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 11 of 11 pages
c = 2.9979 x 108 m/s
h = 6.6261 x 10-34 J s
NA = 6.022 x 1023
me = 9.1094 x 10-31 kg
ao = 5.292 x 10-11 m
1 amu = 1.66 x 10-27 kg
1 eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J
RH = 2.1799 x 10-18 J
1W = 1 J s-1
for s wavefunction:
RPD = 4r22dr
d2-d1 = n
n = a sin
for emission
for absorption..
x= rsincos
y= rsinsin
z= rcos
5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009
Page 12 of 11 pages

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First Hour Exam

(12 points) ______________

(18 points) ______________

(28 points) ______________

(22 points) ______________

(20 points) ______________

Total (100 points)

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

1. Wave interference and diffraction.

Image for part (b)

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

3. Consider H atoms in the gas phase.

b) H atoms in the gas phase are excited to a state with n=5.

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

(6 points) What is the probability of finding an electron in a 2s orbital in a tiny cube

(3 points) WITHOUT DOING A CALCULATION, do you expect the probability

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

(3 points) WITHOUT DOING A CALCULATION, now consider the position (r

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

4. Short answers. Explanations are required for credit.

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

Mo: [Kr] 5s24d4

Si: [Ne]3s2 3px2

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

5. Consider an x-ray beam and a photoelectron spectroscopy experiment.

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

5.112 Exam 1 Oct. 7, 2009

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