Complex Fractions
Complex Fractions
Complex Fractions
24 (5.1)
97
Rational
Definitions
Numbers
and
and
General
Rational
Properties
Expressions
of
A rational number can be written as a quotient of two
a
integers, in the form
b , where the denominator, b, is not
0.
A rational expression is the indicated quotient of two
polynomials where
the value of the denominator is
assumed to be nonzero.
Sign rules of rational numbers and expressions:
-a
a
a
=
=b
-b
b
-a a
=
2.
-b b
1.
ak
a
= .
bk
b
98
Worksheet 24 (5.1)
Warm-up 1. Reduce to lowest terms:
a)
- 80
22225
=
- 96
222223
b)
- 12yz
=20y
223 y z
225 y
=-
c)
2(m + 3)(
2 m2 - 18
=
2
(
)(
m - 6m + 9
=
d)
2
(
)(
)
x -4
=
5(2 - x)
10 - 5x
= (-1)
99
)
)
= -
or
-x-2
5
Problems - Simplify:
9 y 2 + 27y
2.
3
y + 27
- 90 a 3 c
1.
- 96 abc 2
ay + 3a - 4y - 12
3. 2ay + 4a - 8y - 16
4.
a - 36
18 - 3a
Worksheet
25 (5.2)
5.2
Multiplying
Expressions
and
Dividing
Rational
Summary 1:
Multiplying Rational Expressions
Basic definition for multiplying rational numbers:
If a, b, c, and d are integers with b and d not equal to zero,
then
a c
a c ac
=
=
.
b d b d bd
-5 7
5 7
=
14 - 35 2 7 5 7
100
=
b)
)(
5ab a 2 - 49 5ab(
2
=
a(a + 7)(
a + 7 a - 7a
)
)
=
2
(2a + 5)(
)(
2 a - a - 15
3 a + 8a - 3
=
2
2
(a + 3)(a - 3)(
6 a + 17a + 5
a -9
c)
)(
)(
)
)
=
Worksheet 25 (5.2)
Problems - Perform the indicated operation. Express in
simplest form:
1.
6 -7
21 36
2.
3xy
2 x 2 + 20x + 50
x+5
xy - 5y
3.
4 n 2 - 4n - 24 3 n2 + 8n - 3
3 n2 + 5n - 2
9 - n2
Summary 2:
101
zero, then
Note:
inverses.
c
d
and
are called reciprocals or multiplicative
d
c
Worksheet
(5.2)
25
5 10
5 - 21
=
7 - 21 7 10
=-
b)
4 x2
4 x 2 24 x 2 y 2
=
2
15xy
5y
5 y2
4 15
=
5 24
c)
3 m2 + 2m - 1 - 27 + 15m - 2 m2
3 m2 + 2m - 1
=
3 m2 + 14m - 5
2 m2 - 7m - 9
3 m2 + 14m - 5
(3m - 1)(m + 1)(
)(
)
=
(
)(
)(-3 + m)(9 - 2m)
102
4.
5
8
7
12 15 18
2
5xy
y - 7y
2
5.
y +7
y - 49
xy + xb + cy + cb
18 x3 + 45 x 2 - 27x
6.
xy - 2xb + cy - 2cb
3 x3 - 27x
Worksheet 26 (5.3)
103
2x
4
2x +
+
=
x+2
x+2
x+2
2(
)
=
x+2
Worksheet
26 (5.3)
b) -
5 (4)
7 (3)
5
7
+
+
=12(4) 16(3)
12 16
21
+
=48
104
c)
3
x
+
2 x2
5
3(
2x (
10 x 2
)
+
x(
5(
)
)
10 x 2
10 x 2
3
2
+
2x + 1 x - 5
2
3
7
+
+
5
20
8
Worksheet 26 (5.3)
12.
n+6
2n - 1
+
9
12
13. 4 +
14.
8
2x - 1
4x - 12
x+1
+
2
x+3
x -9
105
a c
a-c
- =
.
b b
b
26 (5.3)
Warm-up 2.
a)
)-(
m-5
4(
=
(
)
)
)
=
b)
(2x)(
)
(5)(
2x
5
- =
(x + 3)(
) (x)(
x+3 x
)
)
(
)
(
)
x(x + 3) x(x + 3)
106
=
=
c)
)-(
)
x(x + 3)
x(x + 3)
(5x)(
)
(2)(
5x
-2=
(x + 3)(
) (1)(
x+3
)
)
=
Worksheet 26 (5.3)
Problems - Subtract and simplify:
5.
x +1 x - 2
4
6
6.
5
3
7
2
x 2x
8x
7.
5
3
2x - 1 x + 3
107
Worksheet
27 (5.4)
108
+ 65
a)
=
- 83
3
4
5
12
( )
12
( )
24
19 ( )
12 ( )
19 ( )
=
12 ( )
( ) 3
3
+
x
x
x
b)
=
5
( ) 5
1x
x
x
Worksheet 27 (5.4)
2+
(
=
)
x
x
2x + 3 (
=
x
(
2x + 3 (
=
x
(
=
109
)
)
)
)
5
2
)
- 2
xy y
6
3
)
+
y
x
2
(
2
y
=
3
(
y
5
)
- (
xy
=
6
( )
+(
x
5y - ( )
= 2
6 y +( )
(
2
) 2
y
3
)
y
) 6
n+3
) 5 +
n+3
2
(
n
+
3
d)
=
1
5+
(
n+3
6-
)(6) - (
)(5) + (
27 (5.4)
=
6n + (
5n + (
=
Problems - Simplify:
14
15x
1. 8
5xy
110
)- 2
)+ 1
n+3
1
n+3
Worksheet
8
+
y
2.
4
+
x
6
2
y
2
x
5
2
x - 2 x+2
3. 7
5
2
x - 4 x+2
Worksheet 28 (5.5)
111
Divide:
6 a 2 b3 - 8 a 3 b + 12ab
+
=
3 a2 3 a2 3 a2
3 a2
(
) (
)
)+
=(
3
a
3
+ x 2 - 3x - 3
b) x
x+1
28 (5.5)
x + 1 x3 + x2 - 3x - 3
-(
)
- 3x - 3
-(
)
0 The remainder is _____.
Worksheet
c) (2 x4 - 3x + 1) ( x 2 - 5)
2x2
+ 10
112
2
= 2 x + 10 +
Problems - Divide:
1.
- 72 a 3 b5 + 36 ab4 - 27 a 2 b2
- 9ab
4
-1
2. x
x+1
3. (5 y 3 - 2 y 2 + y + 1) ( y 2 - 2)
Worksheet 29 (5.6)
113
)
x -5
2
Solve:
5
6
a)
4
3
3x 4x
6
5
)
6
)
= (
=(
10x
10x
4
3x
4
3x
=(
=
=
4x
-(
)-(
4x
)
}.
Worksheet
29 (5.6)
2
2
+
y-2
5
b)
3y
5y - 10
2
y-2
3y
2
2
+ = (
)
y-2 5
5(y - 2)
3y
2
+(
)
)
=(
5
5(y
- 2)
10 + (
)-(
)
= 3y
114
6 +(
4
3
4
+ = 2
x-1
x
x -x
2.
a
3
6
+ =
a -1 2
a -1
Worksheet 29 (5.6)
Summary 2:
115
= 3y
=
c
d
Warm-up 2.
Solve:
10
3x + 2
10(
)
20x - 10
a)
6
2x - 1
)
= 6(
(
)
+
(
=
2x
=
x =
}.
The
solution
set
is
Problem - Solve:
3.
-5
4
=
x - 1 2x + 1
Worksheet
29 (5.6)
Summary 3:
116
= larger number
= smaller number
(
)
40 - x
4
) 5+
40 - x
)( 5 )+(
x
40 - x
x
40 - x
=5+
=(
40 - x
)
x = 200 - 5x + (
(
)
6x =
=(
x =
Worksheet 30 (5.7)
117
Warm-up 1.
3x + 1 5x - 1
x+3
+
=
2
x+3
x-3
x -9
3x + 1
5x - 1 x + 3
+
=
(
)(
)
x+3
x-3
Solve:
a)
3x + 1
5x - 1
x+3
(
+
)=
)
(
x-3
(x + 3) (x - 3) x + 3
3x + 1
5x - 1
x+3
(
)+
)=
(
(
x+3
x-3
(x + 3) (x - 3)
(3x + 1) (
) + (5x - 1) (
) = (x + 3) (
Worksheet
30 (5.7)
3x + 1 + 5x2 - 16x + 3 = (
(
(
)=0
)(
)=0
Problems - Solve:
2
x
4
x + 16
=
1.
2
x + 4 x - 16
x-4
2.
2
4
a
a - 2a + 2
= 2
a +1 3 - a
a - 2a - 3
Worksheet 30 (5.7)
119
Warm-up 2.
solve:
1
4
+(
1
(
1
=(
6
3x + (
1
(
x
)= (
5x = (
)
x=
faucets is
)
)
Worksheet
(5.7)
30
working together?
4. One pipe can fill a tank in 6 hours. The drain can empty the tank
in 10 hours. How
long will it take to fill the tank if the drain is
left open?
121