Norma ASTM D5
Norma ASTM D5
Norma ASTM D5
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the penetration
of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials.
1.2 The needles, containers and other conditions described
in this test method provide for the determinations of penetrations up to 500.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
D 36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ringand-Ball Apparatus)
D 244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E 1137/E 1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E 2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B46.1 Surface Texture3
6. Apparatus
6.1 Penetration ApparatusAny apparatus that permits the
needle holder (spindle) to move vertically without measurable
friction and is capable of indicating the depth of penetration to
the nearest 0.1 mm, will be acceptable. The weight of the
spindle shall be 47.5 6 0.05 g. The total weight of the needle
and spindle assembly shall be 50.0 6 0.05 g. Weights of 50 6
0.05 g and 100 6 0.05 g shall also be provided for total loads
of 100 g and 200 g, as required for some conditions of the test.
The surface on which the sample container rests shall be flat
and the axis of the plunger shall be at approximately 90 to this
surface. The apparatus shall have a leveling indicator. The
spindle shall be easily detached for checking its weight.
6.1.1 The leveling indicator shall be verified at least annually with a hand-held level.
6.2 Penetration Needle:
6.2.1 The needle (see Fig. 1) shall be made from fully
hardened and tempered stainless steel, Grade 440-C or equal,
HRC 54 to 60. The standard needle shall be approximately 50
mm (2 in.) in length, the long needle approximately 60 mm
(2.4 in.). The diameter of all needles shall be 1.00 to 1.02 mm
(0.0394 to 0.0402 in.). It shall be symmetrically tapered at one
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
Rheological Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 5 05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5 05a
NOTE 2The use of distilled water is recommended for the bath. Take
care to avoid contamination of the bath water by surface active agents,
release agents, or other chemicals; as their presence may affect the
penetration values obtained.
ASTM Number
17C or 17F
63C or 63F
64C or 64F
Range
19 to 27C (66 to 80F)
8 to + 32C (18 to 89F)
25 to 55C (77 to 131F)
6.7.2 The thermometer used for the water bath shall periodically be calibrated in accordance with Test Method E 77. An
alternate thermometric device shall periodically be calibrated
in accordance with Specification E 1137.
7. Preparation of Test Specimen
7.1 If the sample is not sufficiently fluid as received, heat the
sample with care, stirring when possible to prevent local
overheating, until it has become sufficiently fluid to pour. In no
case should the temperature be raised to more than 60C above
the expected softening point for tar pitch in accordance with
Test Method D 36, or to more than 90C above it for petroleum
asphalt (bitumen). Heat samples for the minimum time necessary to ensure that they are sufficiently fluid. Stir to ensure that
the sample is homogeneous. Avoid incorporating bubbles into
the sample.
7.2 Pour the sample into the sample container to a depth
such that, when cooled to the temperature of test, the depth of
the sample is at least 120% of the depth to which the needle is
expected to penetrate. Pour separate portions for each variation
in test conditions. If the sample container is less than 65 mm in
diameter and the expected penetration is greater than 200, pour
three separate portions for each variation in test conditions.
55
35
5575
4570
55
70
6.4 Water BathA bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 25 6 0.1C (77 6 0.2F) or any other temperature of
test within 0.1C. The bath shall have a perforated shelf
supported in a position not less than 50 mm from the bottom
and not less than 100 mm below the liquid level in the bath. If
penetration tests are to be made in the bath itself, an additional
shelf strong enough to support the penetrometer shall be
provided. Brine may be used in the bath for determinations at
low temperatures.
D 5 05a
used, return the sample and transfer dish to the constant
temperature bath between determinations. Use a clean needle
for each determination. If the penetration is greater than 200,
use at least three needles leaving them in the sample until the
three determinations have been completed. If the sample
container is less than 65 mm in diameter and the expected
penetration is greater than 200, make one penetration in each of
the three separate containers prepared as per section 7.2.
8. Test Conditions
8.1 Where the conditions of test are not specifically mentioned, the temperature, load, and time are understood to be
25C (77F), 100 g, and 5 s, respectively. Other conditions may
be used for special testing, such as the following:
Temperature, C (F)
0 (32)
4 (39.2)
45 (113)
46.1 (115)
Load, g
200
200
50
50
Time, s
60
60
5
5
10. Report
10.1 Report to nearest whole unit the average of three
penetrations whose values do not differ by more than the
following:
Penetration
Maximum difference between highest
and lowest penetration
0 to
49
2
50 to
149
4
150 to
249
12
250 to
500
20
D 5 05a
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