Evaluation of Relationship of Ocular Parameters and Depth of Anisometropic Amblyopia With The Degree of Anisometropia
Evaluation of Relationship of Ocular Parameters and Depth of Anisometropic Amblyopia With The Degree of Anisometropia
Evaluation of Relationship of Ocular Parameters and Depth of Anisometropic Amblyopia With The Degree of Anisometropia
197]
April - June 2006
Original Article
99
Simi Zaka-ur-Rab, MS
Purpose: (1) To find out the relationship of the depth of amblyopia with the degree of anisometropia, in
untreated cases of anisometropic amblyopia without strabismus, for both myopic and hypermetropic
individuals. (2) To find out the relationship between various ocular parameters, such as axial length and
corneal curvature, with the degree of anisometropia between the two eyes.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2001 and March 2003, in
85 cases of untreated anisometropic amblyopia, who attended the authors out patient department. All
these patients were subjected to a meticulous ocular examination, with special emphasis on (1) refraction
under cycloplegia (2) best corrected visual acuity (3) measurement of axial length by A Scan (4) keratometry.
The depth of amblyopia was calculated in two ways: (1) By finding out decimal visual acuity for each eye
and subsequently calculating their difference. (2) By converting the Snellen acuity into Log MAR units, which
was calculated by finding the Logarithm of the reciprocal of the decimal visual acuity for the two eyes,
followed by calculating the difference between the two. The difference in refraction between the two eyes as
a measure of anisometropia, was determined by the difference in spherical equivalent between the refraction
for each eye.
Results: On comparing hypermetropic and myopic cases, a significant correlation was found between depth
of amblyopia and the degree of anisometropia, in both myopic and hypermetropic patients. The correlation
coefficients were however, found to be greater for hypermetropic than myopic individuals. It was observed
that the difference between the axial length of the two eyes contributed to a major part of anisometropia,
more so in myopic cases.
Conclusions: The depth of amblyopia correlates with the degree of anisometropia in previously untreated
anisometropic amblyopia patients.
Key words: Anisometropia, amblyopia, axial length, keratometry.
Indian J Ophthalmol 2006;54:99-103
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Results
Eighty-five patients ranging between 7 to 50 years in age (mean
age, 24.95 years) were identified as having anisometropic
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Vol. 54 No. 2
Males
no. (%)
Females
no. (%)
Total cases
no. (%)
10 yrs
10 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
Total cases
3 (5.66)
21 (39.62)
11 (20.75)
14 (26.42)
4 (7.55)
53 (100)
4 (12.5)
9 (28.12)
11 (34.37)
5 (15.63)
3 (9.38)
32 (100)
7 (8.24)
30 (35.29)
22 (25.88)
19 (22.35)
7 (8.24)
85 (100)
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Zaka-ur-Rab: Ocular parameters and amblyopia in anisometropia
April - June 2006
101
Difference in
snellen fraction
Difference in
log MAR units
Difference in
refraction
Difference in
keratometry
Difference in
axial length
0.83
0.42
0.83
0.50
0.67
0.50
0.67
0.93
0.83
0.93
0.50
0.97
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.90
0.90
0.67
0.90
0.17
0.75
0.83
0.50
0.83
0.33
0.95
0.83
0.83
0.42
0.33
0.33
0.90
0.33
0.50
0.93
0.90
0.67
0.90
0.67
0.90
0.08
0.33
0.33
0.75
0-33
0.95
0.83
0.90
0.90
0.75
0.57
0.67
0.67
0.83
0.33
0.78
0.42
0.78
0.30
0.48
0.30
0.48
1.18
0.78
1.18
0.30
1.48
0.60
0.30
0.30
1.00
1.00
0.48
1.00
0.18
0.60
0.78
0.30
0.78
0.18
1.30
0.78
0.78
0.42
0.18
0.18
1.00
0.18
0.30
1.18
1.00
0.48
1.00
0.48
1.00
0.12
0.30
0.30
0.60
0.18
1.30
0.78
1.00
1.00
0.60
0.82
0.48
0.48
0.78
0.18
3.25
3.50
4.50
4.87
2.00
2.25
2.75
5.25
5.75
4.14
2.25
4.75
4.00
4.75
3.50
3.00
4.75
3.00
4.50
1.00
3.50
5.25
6.63
5.45
2.50
5.75
3.00
5.75
2.50
2.50
4.00
6.50
0.25
2.75
5.00
4.75
3.50
4.25
0.86
5.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
4.25
0.25
7.00
3.75
4.25
6.25
3.00
7.00
4.50
2.00
4.25
1.00
0.13
0.00
0.75
0.25
0.12
0.00
1.00
1.63
0.75
0.50
0.37
2.12
0.63
0.25
0.25
0.50
0.00
0.25
1.62
0.00
0.38
0.25
0.86
0.00
0.87
0.63
0.88
0.13
2.00
0.38
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.75
0.63
0.88
0.50
0.13
1.75
0.50
0.38
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.25
0.13
1.25
0.38
0.25
0.38
0.38
1.00
2.25
1.25
0.12
1.82
0.87
1.93
1.85
1.18
2.08
0.37
3.42
2.05
2.16
0.84
2.65
2.18
0.56
1.83
1.91
1.40
2.04
1.66
0.39
1.62
2.64
2.07
2.23
1.62
1.89
1.78
2.67
1.24
0.16
1.60
2.49
0.54
1.02
1.10
2.39
5.52
2.10
0.50
2.31
0.14
2.03
0.46
1.39
0.03
2.89
1.79
1.82
2.50
1.36
2.81
2.41
1.20
1.91
0.38
Discussion
Disagreement exists among workers with regards to the
correlation of depth of amblyopia, with the difference in
refraction between the two eyes. Some authors have found
no relationship between the degree of anisometropia and the
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Vol. 54 No. 2
Difference in
snellen fraction
Difference in
log MAR units
Difference in
refraction
Difference in
keratometry
Difference in
axial length
0.67
0.57
0.50
0.75
0.17
0.67
0.33
0.42
0.33
0.33
0.25
0.90
0.67
0.50
0.50
0.42
0.33
0.33
0.17
0.33
0.57
0.75
0.67
0.67
0.33
0.08
0.75
0.67
0.75
0.33
0.48
0.82
0.30
0.60
0.18
0.48
0.18
0.42
0.30
0.30
0.30
1.00
0.48
0.60
0.30
0.42
0.30
0.18
0.12
0.30
0.82
0.60
0.48
0.48
0.18
0.12
0.60
0.48
0.60
0.18
1.25
3.50
4.00
7.75
2.00
9.00
1.50
8.00
3.50
4.25
5.00
4.86
8.75
4.50
6.25
8.00
11.00
2.00
3.00
2.50
9.75
11.00
1.36
4.00
1.00
0.13
8.00
8.75
6.00
1.50
0.88
1.25
0.00
0.13
0.12
0.25
0.00
1.00
1.50
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.63
0.25
0.75
0.00
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.38
0.25
0.38
0.50
1.75
0.13
0.50
0.88
3.13
0.63
0.24
2.23
0.67
3.06
2.40
0.46
0.40
2.53
3.72
0.04
1.66
1.20
2.66
1.36
2.18
1.94
2.61
0.58
1.74
0.17
2.99
4.21
0.50
1.83
0.61
0.06
3.55
3.43
1.90
1.40
Amount of
coefficient
Anisometropia
P value
0.603*
0.644*
0.609*
-0.147
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
0.285
Amount of
coefficient
Anisometropia
P value
0.468*
0.463*
0.674*
-0.020
0.009
0.010
< 0.001
0.917
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April - June 2006
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