Cooling Load Sheet PDF

Cooling Load Estimation for a Multi-story
office building
A
THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Master of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
(Specialization: Thermal Engineering)
By
SANDIP KUMAR SAHU

(ROLL NO 212ME3318)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ROURKELA 769008
i
Cooling Load Estimation for a Multi-story

office building
A
THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Master of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
(Specialization: Thermal Engineering)
By
SANDIP KUMAR SAHU

(ROLL NO 212ME3324)
Under the guidance of
Dr. S. murugan
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ROURKELA 769008
ii

ROURKELA - 769008, INDIA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, Cooling Load Estimation for a Multi story office building submitted by Mr. Sandip Kumar Sahu in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology in Mechanical
Engineering with Thermal Engineering specialization during session 2013-2014
in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela.
It is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. To
the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in this thesis has not been
submitted to any other University/Institute for the award of any Degree or
Diploma.
Date:
Place: Rourkela
Dr. S. Murugan
(Associate Professor)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Orissa, India
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost I record my sincere gratitude and respect towards my project supervisor,
Dr. S. MURUGAN, Associate professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his
valuable guidance, valuable suggestions and endless support during my study. He has not only
been a wonderful supervisor, but also a genuine person. I consider myself extremely lucky to be
able to work under guidance of such a dynamic personality. This thesis was made possible by his
patience and persistence.
I also express my sincere thanks to Prof. K.P. MAITY, HOD, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Prof. R.K. SAHOO, Professor and Group head, Thermal Engineering
Specialization, Mr. PARTHA SARATHI SET, Manager-Construction Air-conditioning
Project Division, Blue Star India (P) Ltd. and also the other staff members of Department of
Mechanical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, for providing me the necessary facilities for my work.
I also express my special thanks to our research scholar Mr. Abhishek Sharma and Mr. Arun
Kumar Wamankar for his valuable suggestion and my batch mates Mr. Chuneshwar Lal
Verma and Pawan Tiwari for their help during the research work.
I would like to thanks my parents for their unconditional support, love and affection. Their
encouragement and never ending kindness made everything easier to achieve.
DATE-
SANDIP KUMAR SAHU
iv
ABSTRACT
Human comfortness is essential now a day because of the improvement in life style and
increasing atmospheric temperature. Electrical air conditioning machines are not most suitable
for large buildings because of the higher power consumption and shorter life. Central air
conditioning is more reliable for easy operation with a lower maintenance cost. With large
buildings such as commercial complex, auditorium, office buildings are provided with central air
conditioning system. Educational and research institutions also need human comfortness, as the
population of student community increase year by year. The effective design of central air
conditioning can provide lower power consumption, capital cost and improve aesthetics of a
building. This paper establishes the results of cooling load calculation of different climate
conditions by using CLTD method for a multi-story building which is a part of an institute.
Cooling load items such as, people heat gain, lighting heat gain, infiltration and ventilation heat
gain can easily be putted to the MS-Excel programme. The programme can also be used to
calculate cooling load due to walls and roofs.
And results were compared with the standard data given by ASHRAE and CARRIER
Fundamental Hand Books, and results are satisfactory. It is also seen that in this paper cooling
requirement of summer is about 9 % more as compare to monsoon for climate condition of
Rourkela.
Keywords:- CLTD, Cooling Load, Air conditioning, Human comfortness.
CONTENTS
Page No.
Descriptions
TITLE
CERTIFICATE
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
vi-viii
1-7
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. General
1.2. Terminology
1.3. Objective
1.3.1. HVAC system design
1.3.2. Cooling load calculation
4
4
1.4. Human comfort
1.4.1. Heat exchange of human body with environment
1.4.1.1. Convection heat loss
1.4.1.2. Radiation heat loss
1.4.1.3. Evaporation heat loss
5
6
1.5. Effective temperature
1.5.1 Factor governing optimum effective temperature
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
8-12
CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY
13-29
13
3.1. Basic Information
13
3.1.1 Building Location
vi
3.1.2 Climate condition
13
3.1.3. Building Structures
14
14
3.2. Load Components
14
3.2.1. External and Internal heat gains

3.2.1.1. Sensible Heat Gain through Opaque Surface
15
3.2.1.1.1. Overall heat transfer coefficient
15
3.2.1.1.2. Surface area
18
3.2.1.1.3. Cooling load temperature difference (CLTD)
18
3.2.1.2. Heat Gain through Glass
20
3.1.2.3. Heat Gain from Occupants
22
3.1.2.4 .Heat Gain from Lighting Equipments
24
3.1.2.5. Heat gain from electric Equipments
25
3.1.2.5.1 Heat gain from office equipments
25
3.1.2.6. Heat gain due to Infiltration
26
3.1.2.7. Heat gain due to Ventilation
27
28
3.3 Total Loads

3.3.1 Total Room Sensible Heat Gain
28
3.3.2 Total Room Latent Heat Gain
29
3.3.3. Room Sensible Heat Factor
29
3.3.4. Total Load in tons
29
CHAPTER 4 THERMAL LOAD CALCULATION FOR THE TIIR BUILDING
30-74
4.1 Heat Transfer Analysis
30
4.2 Design condition
31
4.3 Overall heat transfer coefficient calculation
31
4.4 Calculation of Cooling Load Temperature Difference
33
vii
33
4.5 Calculation of heat transfer area
36
4.5.1 Dimension of the doors and windows
36-74
4.6 Total Cooling Load Calculations

4.6.1 Cooling load calculation of 120 Seated Lecture Room 1
36
4.6.2 Cooling load calculation of the Direct TIIR Room
38
4.6.3 Cooling load calculation of the Admin Office
40
4.6.4 Cooling load calculation of the Placement Office
42
4.6.5 Cooling load calculation of the IPR Office
44
4.6.6 Cooling load calculation of Professors room
46
48
4.6.8 Cooling load calculation of Office Room
50
4.6.9 Cooling load calculation of Meeting Room
52
4.6.10 Cooling load calculation of Library
54
4.6.11 Cooling load calculation of Dining Room
56
4.6.12 Cooling load calculation of Alumni Relation
58
4.6.13 Cooling load calculation of Alumni Visitors Room
60
4.6.14 Cooling load calculation of Interview Room 1
62
64
4.6.16 Cooling load calculation of Seminar Room
66
4.6.17 Cooling load calculation of Central Design Office
68
4.6.18 Cooling load calculation of Auditorium
70
4.6.19 Cooling load calculation of Library facilities
72
75-79
CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
80
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
81-83
REFERENCES
viii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
General
In present days the environmental problem is one of the most serious problems. Energy
consumption by industries and buildings are responsible for this problem. About 72% of world
energy is consumed by infrastructure, industry, commercial buildings, residential houses, and
markets. In a large building or complex, which is airconditioned, about 60% of the total energy
requirement in the building is allocated for the airconditioning plant installed to use the cooling
purpose.
Exact prediction of the cooling and heating load, proper sizing of the heat ventilation airconditioning (HVAC) system and optimal control of the HVAC systems are important to
minimize energy consumption. Root factors that affect cooling loads are the external climates
such as outdoor temperature, solar radiation and humidity. Local climatic conditions are
important parameters for the energy efficiency of buildings. Because the energy consumption in
buildings depends on the climatic conditions and the performance of heating ventilating and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems changes with them as well, better design in building HVAC
applications that take account of the right climatic conditions will result in better comfort and
more energy efficient buildings.
Calculation of thermal load of building is very essential to find exact air-conditioning equipment
and air handling unit, to achieve comfort operation and good air distribution in the airconditioned zone.
This project Cooling load estimation for a multi-story office building presents by using CLTD
method
1.2.
Terminology
Commonly used terms relative to cooling load calculation and heat transfer of the buildings
according to the ASHRAE reference are given below.
a) Refrigeration: - the term Refrigeration means process of removing heat from a
substance or space under the controlled conditions. It also include the process of reducing
and maintaining the temperature of a body below the surrounding temperature
b) Unit of refrigeration: - the practical unit of refrigeration is expressed in terms of tonne
of refrigeration (TR). A tonne of refrigeration is defined as the amount of refrigeration
effects produced by the melting of 1 ton of ice from and at 0 oC in 24 hours.
c) Coefficient of performance (COP): - the COP is defined as the ratio of heat extracted in
the refrigerator to the work done on the refrigerant.
d) Refrigerant: - refrigerant is the fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system that
release heat during condensation at a region of higher temperature and pressure, and
absorbs heat during evaporation at low temperature and pressure region.
e) Air conditioning: - controlling and maintaining environmental parameters such as
temperature, humidity, cleanliness, air movement, sound level, pressure difference
between condition space and surrounding within prescribed limit.
f) CLTD: - cooling load temperature difference is an equivalent temperature difference
used for calculating the instantaneous external cooling load across the walls and roofs.
g) Humidity: - it is the mass of water vapour present in 1 kg of dry air, and is generally
expressed in terms of gram per kg of dry air (g/kg of dry air). It is also called specific
humidity or humidity ratio.
h) Relative humidity (RH): - it is a ratio of actual mass of water vapour in a given volume
of moist air to the mass of water vapour in the same volume of saturated air at the same
temperature and pressure.
i) Dry bulb temperature (DBT): - it is the temperature of air recorded by thermometer,
when it is not affected by the moisture present in the air. The dry bulb temperature is
generally denoted by td or tdb.
j) Wet bulb temperature (WBT): - it is the temperature of air recorded by a thermometer,

when its bulb is surrounded by a wet cloth exposed to the air. The wet bulb temperature is
generally denoted by tw or twb.
k) Dew point temperature (DPT): - it is the temperature of the air recorded by the
thermometer, when the moisture present it beings to condense.
l) Heat transfer coefficient: - it is the rate of heat transfer through a unit area of building
envelope material, including its boundary films, per unit temperature difference between
the outside and inside air.
m) Thermal resistance: - it is the reciprocal of the heat transfer coefficient and is expressed
in m2-K/W.
n) Sensible heat gain: - direct addition of heat to the enclosed space, without any change in
its specific humidity, is known as sensible heat gain.
o) Latent heat gain: - heat gain of space through addition of moisture, without change in its
dry bulb temperature, is known as latent heat gain.
p) Space heat gain: - it is the rate of heat gain, at which heat inter into and generated within
the conditioned space.
q) Space cooling load: - it is the rate at which energy must be removed from a space to
maintain a desired air temperature of space.
1.3 Objective
The objective of this paper is to calculate cooling load to find exact air-conditioning equipment
and air handling unit, to achieve comfort operation and good air distribution in the airconditioned zone.
1.3.1 HVAC system design
The main objectives of HVAC system design are as follows
i.
Control of temperature, humidity, air purity and correct pressurization to avoid

contamination.
ii.
Provide comfort and healthy indoor environment of office buildings, educational

buildings, cinemas, libraries, auditoriums, multiplex, shopping centers, hotel, public place,
iii.
Provide special air filtration to remove bacteria, high indoor quality, avoid cross
contamination.
3
1.3.2 Cooling load calculation

The objectives of cooling load calculation are as follows
i.
To determine be the optimum rate at which heat needs to be removed from space to
establish thermal equilibrium & maintain a pre-determined inside conditions
ii.
To calculate peak design loads (cooling/heating).
iii.
To estimate capacity or size of plant/equipment.
iv.
To provide info for HVAC designs e.g. load profiles.
v.
To form the basis for building energy analysis
1.4. Human comfort

Human comfort is the condition of mind, which expresses satisfaction with the thermal
environment. Air conditioning of any building mainly concerns the comfort of people.
1.4.1. Heat exchange of human body with environment
A human body feels comfortable thermodynamically when the heat produced by the metabolism
of human body is equal to the sum of the heat dissipated to the surrounding and the heat stored in
the human body by raising the temperature of body tissues.
The phenomena of heat loss from the body can be expressed by Eqn. 1.1.
. (1.1)
Where
QM = metabolic heat produced within the body.
W = useful rate of working.
QS = heat stored in the body.
QE = heat loss by evaporation.
QR = heat loss and gain by radiation.
QC = heat loss and gain by conduction and convection.
The metabolic heat production depends upon the food consumption in the body.
1.4.1.1 Convection heat loss

The convective heat loss from the body is given by the Eqn. 1.2.
QC = UA (Tb-Ts)
.. (1.2)
Where
U = heat transfer coefficient on body surface.
A = body surface area.
Tb, Ts = temperature of the body and surrounding respectively.
The heat will be gained by the body if the temperature of the surrounding is greater than the body
temperature and this will increase with increase in U which is function of air velocity. Higher
velocities impart more uncomfort when surrounding temperature is higher than body
temperature.
1.4.1.2 Radiation heat loss
The radiation heat loss from body to the surrounding is given by the Eqn. 1.3.
QR = (Tb4-Ts4)
.. (1.3)
Where
is Stefan-Boltzmann constant.
Body gains the heat from surroundings when Ts>Tb and loses heat to the surrounding when
Ts<Tb
1.4.1.3 Evaporation heat loss
The heat loss by evaporation is given by the Eqn 1.4
QE = CdA (Ps-Pv) hfg.Cc
(1.4)
Where
Cd = diffusion coefficient in kg of water evaporated per unit surface area and pressure
difference per hour.
Ps =saturated vapour pressure corresponding to skin temperature.
Pv = vapour pressure of surrounding air.
hfg =latent heat of vaporization = 2450 kj/kg.

Cc = factor which account s for type of clothing worn
1.5 Effective temperature

The degree of warmth or cold felt by a human body depends mainly on the following three
factors
1. Dry bulb temperature, 2. Relative humidity and 3. Air velocity.
In order to evaluate the combined effects of the three factors is called effective temperature, It is
defined as that index which correlate the combined effects of air temperature, relative humidity
and air velocity on the human body.
The practical application of the concept of effective temperature is presented by the comfort
chart as shown in Fig 1.1. This chart is the result of research made in different kinds of people
subjected to wide range of environmental temperature, relative humidity and air movement by
the ASHRAE.
Fig 1.1 comfort chart

6
All men and women above 40 years of age prefer 0.5 oC higher effective temperature than the
person below 40 years of the age.
1.5.1 Factor governing optimum effective temperature
The optimum effective temperature is affected by the following important factors.
a) Climatic and seasonal difference:- it is known fact that people living in colder climates
feel comfortable at a lower effective temperature than those living in warmer regions.
There is a relationship between the optimum indoor effective temperature and the
optimum outdoor temperature, which change with seasons. It can be see from comfort
chart that in winter, the optimum effective temperature is 19 oC where in summer this
temperature is 22 oC.
b) Clothing:-it is another important factor which affects the optimum effective temperature.
It may be noted that the person with light clothings need less optimum temperature than
person with heavy clothings.
c) Age and sex:-we have already discussed that the women of all ages required higher
effective temperature (about 0.5 oC) than men. Similar is the case of old and young
people. The children also need higher effective temperature than adult.
d) Activity:-when the activity of the person is heavy such as people working on the factory,
dancing hall, then low effective temperature is needed than for the people sitting in
cinema hall or auditorium.
e) Latitude: - the effective temperature is increases by about 0.5 . with every 5o reduction
in latitude.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIWE
Andersson et al. [1] designed heating and cooling loads for a sample residential building at
different orientations, using a development version of the building energy analysis computer
program BLAST. They identified that the total loads were found to be higher for north than
south orientation except in extreme southern latitudes of the U.S.
Omar et al. [2] calculated the hourly cooling load due to different kinds of wall, roof and
fenestration using transfer function method (TFM). The output of this method was compared
with the well-known Carrier program and the results were acceptable. In the case of cooling
load, when the results were compared with the ASHRAE examples, some differences were
noticed due to wall and roof. They also studied the effects of changing the wall color on cooling
load.
Adnan Shariah et al. [3] studied the effect of the absorptance of external surfaces of buildings
on heating, cooling and total loads using the TRNSYS simulation program. Two types of
construction materials, namely heavy weight concrete block and light weight concrete were used
in the simulation. They also calculated the effects of the absorptance on energy loads for
insulated buildings. They reported that, for uninsulated buildings, as the absorptance was
changed from one to zero, the total energy load decreased by 32%, while for insulated buildings,
it decreased by 26% in Amman. Whereas the decrease was about 47% for uninsulated and 32%
for insulated buildings in Aqaba.
Kulkarni et al. [4] optimized cooling load for a lecture theatre in a composite climate in India.
The lecture theatre had a dimension of 16m8.4m3.6m and was situated at Roorkee (28.58oN,
77.20oE) in the northern region of India. The monthly, annual cooling load and cooling capacity
of air conditioning system was determined by a computer simulation program. They reported that
the use of false celling, ceramic tiles on roof and floor, electro chromic reflective colored, 13mm
air gap, clear glass gave the best possible retrofitting option.
Suziyana et al. [5] analyzed the heat gain and calculated cooling load of a Computer Laboratory
and Excellent Centre Rooms in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Malaysia
Pahang by using cooling load calculation method and cooling load factor method based on
8
ASHRAE 1997 fundamental handbook and then verified by data provided by contractor of
building. From this calculation, it was found that the highest heat gain in the Computer
Laboratory Room and in Excellent Centre Room is 20458.6 W and 33541.3 W respectively.
Hani H. Sait [6] estimated the thermal load for the engineering building located in Rabigh and
compared the results by the outcomes from a HAP 4.2 program. It was reported that, there was a
little difference among the two results due to defining the thermal resistance for the used
materials of the wall, roof, and windows.
Yan Suqian et al [7] cooling load coefficient method and steady calculation method were used
to estimate and compare cooling load of spinning workshop. They concluded that the results of
two algorithms were little different and steady calculation method was more simple and efficient.
A. Fouda et al [8] predicted a modified method of calculating the cooling load for residential
buildings. The outcome of this method were compared with the ASHRAE standards and they
found that the results come from this method were more accurate and effective.
Lin Duanmu et al [9] predicted the hourly building cooling load for urban energy planning by
using Hourly Cooling Load Factor Method (HCLFM) that can provide fast and fair estimate of
building cooling load for a large-scale urban energy planning. This method was applied to an
office building in Beijing, China. The calculated results showed that the dynamical trend of the
cooling load was reasonable.
Christian et al. [10] the formulation of a new clear-sky solar radiation model suitable for
algorithms calculating cooling loads in buildings were established. The main motive of
formulating this model was to replace the ASHRAE clear sky model of 1967 to overcome the
limitation of this model. The new model was derived in two steps. The first step consisted of
finding a reference irradiance dataset from the REST2 model and the second step consisted of
fits derived from a REST2-based reference irradiance dataset. The resulting models and its
tabulated data were expected to be integrated in the 2009 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.
Abdullatif et al. [11] designed general regression numeral networks (GRNN) and investigated to
optimize HVAC thermal energy storage in residential buildings as well as office buildings. The
simulation software ESP-r was used to calculate hourly cooling loads for three office buildings
using climate conditions in Kuwait. The cooling load data for 19972000 was used for
simulating and testing the neural networks (NN). The results showed that a properly designed
NN is a powerful tool for optimizing thermal energy storage in buildings based only on external
temperature records.
Fernando Simon et al. [12] evaluated the thermal loads of non-residential buildings based on
simplified weather data, using the Transfer Function Method to run load calculations and the
validation was evaluated according to the ASHRAE Standard 140. They also reported that the
methodology showed good results for cases with low mass envelope, but revealed limitation to
represent thermal inertia influence on the annual cooling and heating loads.
Mehmet Azmi et al. [13] investigated the effects of different outdoor design conditions on
cooling loads and air conditioning systems. The cooling coil capacities obtained from the
different outdoor design conditions considered in this studies were compared with each other. It
was reported that a significant part of the cooling load dependent on outdoor weather conditions.
Tingyao Chen et al. [14] developed the statistical method for the normal selection of sequences
of coincident design weather parameters in order to properly determine peak cooling loads.
Radiant time series (RTS) was used to derive overall periodic transfer factors responding to
different periodic weather heat sources. Results show that horizontal solar irradiance calculated
with the method suggested by ASHRAE was always higher in the range of 420%, than the
measured value in different months. The peak cooling load resulted from the old design weather
data was always higher in the range of 1250%, than the results from the new design weather
data.
Naouel Daouas [15] studied on optimum insulation thickness in walls and energy savings in
Tunisian buildings using analytical method based on Complex Finite Fourier Transform (CFFT)
for calculation of cooling and heating transmission loads considering different types of wall
colors and wall orientations. It was assumed that wall orientation had a small effect for optimum
insulation thickness, but more topical effect on energy savings which reached a maximum value
of 23.78 TND/m2 for east facing wall. Their analysis showed that economic parameters, like
insulation cost, inflation and discount rates, energy cost and building life, had a perceptible effect
on optimum insulation and energy saving. They also performed a comparison of the present
study with the degree-days model.
10
Wong et al. [16] studied the development of a new example weather year and generated the
mathematical model to design occupants load profiles using Monte Carlo simulation method for
subtropical climate. For determining the HVAC energy consumption in buildings this method
and results were very useful.
Francesco Causone [17] investigated and designed radiant cooling load systems for removal of
solar heat gain. They used heat balance method and time series method to calculate the cooling
load and proposed a simplified procedure to calculate the magnitude of the solar heat load.
Fernando et al [18] proposed a new approach based on a stochastic simulation method for
uncertainty in peak cooling load calculations. The stochastic solution was compared with the
conventional solutions, and a universal sensitivity analysis was assumed to identify the most
significant uncertainties.
Christian Ghiaus et al [19] reported that the calculation of optimal thermal loads of
intermittently heated buildings. An unconstrained optimal control algorithm was proposed which
used feed-forward to compensate the weather conditions and model predictive programming
(MPP) for set-point tracking. They concluded that the peak load depended on the set-back time
of the indoor temperature. The peak load was larger while energy consumption and the set-back
time were smaller.
Meral Ozel [20] utilized a computer program which was developed in Matlab to determine
optimum insulation thickness according to cooling requirements of buildings in a hot climate.
The investigation was carried out under steady periodic conditions for different wall orientations
during the summer period using an implicit finite difference method. It was seen that for cooling
season, the most economical orientation was north with an optimum insulation thickness of 3.1
cm. Highest thickness was obtained for the east and west walls, while the lowest value of
optimum insulation thickness was obtained for the north-facing wall
Stefano et al [21] the development of a simplified calculation method for design cooling loads in
underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems was described. They compared the results obtained
from a UFAD system with traditional mixing overhead (OH) systems. The results revealed that,
generally, underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system had a peak cooling load 19% higher than
an overhead (OH) cooling load.
11
Mridul Sarkar [22] investigated a simple equipment load formulations for the two modes
namely Blow-through (BT) and draw-through (DT) modes. It was proved that DT type AHU
showed higher cooling load than BT type in the case of derived loads for a coolingdehumidifying chilled water coil.
Feng et al [23] investigated the difference of cooling load between radiant and air systems. The
results shows that the total cooling energy of radiant systems can be 5 to 15% higher than air
systems at the zone level 24-h, for zones without solar load peak cooling rate at the radiant
cooled surface can be 7 to 35% higher than air system.
Jenkins et al [24] applied an emulation tool for probabilistic future cooling loads for
mechanically cooled offices. The model of future building failure, were applied to a
mechanically cooled building, was discussed and the use of the tool in such a condition was
summarized.
Yang et al [25] investigated the heat transfer through a photovoltaic (PV) wall to determine the
cooling load component added by building-integrated PV walls. They found that when using the
average outdoor temperature and recommended film coefficients of the special building cooling
load component can be obtained properly.
12
CHAPTER 3
DATA COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Basic Information
Before estimating cooling load of any building there are some basic informations are necessary
to design an exact HVAC systems, like building orientation, weather condition, building spacing,
buildings materials etc. The more exact the information the more accurate will be the load
estimated.
3.1.1 Building Location
The multi-story building considered in this study is situated in Rourkela and located at 84.54E
longitude and 22.12N latitude in Sundergarh district of Odisha, India at an elevation of about
219 meters above mean sea level.
3.1.2 Climate condition
Rourkela has a tropical climate. During Southwest monsoon (June September), it receives high
rainfall and retreats Northeast monsoon (December January). Average annual rainfall ranges
between 160 and 200 cm. The minimum and maximum temperatures ranges are 7
a mean minimum and maximum temperature range of 9.8
to 39.2
to 47
with
during coldest and hottest
months. Table 3.1 gives the average high and low temperature of Rourkela.
Table 3.1 Average high and low temperature (in oC) of Rourkela according to months
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high
24
27
31
37
38
33
30
29
29
29
27
24
29.7
Average low
13
17
21
23
23
23
22
22
19
14
10
18
Table 3.2 Average relative humidity according to months

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average RH %
54
50
40
36
46
70
84
86
83
73
63
59
62
13
3.1.3. Building Structures

The dimension of the building which is to be air conditioned is, 104 6148m in size. It has four
floors included the ground floor. The exterior walls of building consists of 230 mm common
bricks + air space + 230 mm common bricks with 13 mm cement mortar and 26 mm (13 mm
both side) sand cement plaster. The interior walls of building are consist of 230 mm common
bricks with 26 (13 mm both side) inch sand cement plaster. The roofs consist of 152 mm
concrete poured in a metal sheet with 13 mm plaster. The windows consist of single glass
materials of 12.7mm thick with frame panel.
3.2 Load Components
The total heat required to be removed from the space in order to bring it at the desired
temperature (21-25
) and relative humidity (50%) by the air conditioning equipment is known
as cooling load or conditioned load. This load consists of external and internal loads.
3.2.1 External and Internal heat gains
External heat gains arrive from the transferred thermal energy from outside hot medium to the
inside of the room. The heat transfer takes place from conduction through external walls, top
roof and bottom ground, solar radiation through windows and doors, ventilation and infiltration.
Other sources are internal heat gain like people, electric equipment and light. Fig 3.1 illustrates
the load components.
Solar gain
Light gain
Ventilation and infiltration
Occupancy heat gain
gain
Transmission gain through
glass
Equipment
Transmission gain through
heat gain
opaque surfaces
Fig 3.1 Load components

14
3.2.1.1 Sensible Heat Gain through Opaque Surface

The heat gain through a building structure such as walls, floors, ceiling, doors and windows
constitute the major portion of sensible heat load. The temperature difference across opaque
surfaces causes heat transfer through these surfaces.
As shown in Fig. 3.2, heat from outside air is transferred mainly by convection to outer surface.
The heat is then transferred by conduction through the structure to inside surface. The heat from
inside surface is transferred by convection to the room air.
to
Conduction
Convection
ti
Convection
Fig 3.2 Heat transfer through opaque surface

The rate of heat transfer from outside air to inside air is calculated by the formula.
Q UA(CLTD) corr
Where
.. (3.1)
U = over all heat transfer coefficient (W/m2-oC)

CLTD = cooling load temperature difference (oC)
A = surface area (m2)
3.2.1.1.1 Overall heat transfer coefficient

When the wall, floor, or ceiling is made up of layer of different materials as shown in Fig 3.3,
then the overall heat transfer coefficient U can be calculated by the formula
Air space
ho
k1
ka
k2
hi
x2
x1
Fig 3.3 Heat transfer through a composite wall with air space
15
1
1 x1 1 x 2
1
.....
ho k1 k a k 2
hi
(3.2)
Commonly the building walls may consist of non-homogeneous materials for example hollow
bricks, air gap and plaster. Heat transfer through these types of wall is quite complicated as it
involves simultaneous heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation as shown on Fig 3.3.
All material has different kinds of thermo-physical properties; the thermo-physical properties of
common building materials have been measured and presented in ASHRAE and other
handbooks. Table 3.3 lists out thermo-physical properties of commonly used building materials.
Table 3.3 Thermo-physical properties of some common building and insulating materials
Material
Bricks
Masonry
materials
Wood
Glass
Insulating
materials
Description
Density
Specific
heat
kg/m3
kJ/kg.K
W/m.K
W/m2.K
Common
Face
Concrete
Plaster cement
Hollow clay tiles
10 cm
20 cm
30 cm
Hollow concrete
block
10 cm
20 cm
30 cm
1600
2000
1920
1885
0.84
0.84
0.88
0.796
0.77
1.32
1.73
8.65
5.23
3.14
2.33
Ply
Hard
Soft
Window
Coro silicate
Fiberglass board
Core board
Mineral or glass wool
Magnesia
Asbestos
544
720
512
2700
2200
64-144
104-128
24-64
270
470-570
2.39
2.72
0.84
0.7
1.88
0.67
0.82
0.1
0.158
0.1
0.78
1.09
0.038
0.038
0.038
0.067
0.154
8.14
5.23
4.54
-
Thermal
Conductance
conductivity
Source: C.P. Arora

16
The heat transfer through outside air to outer surface of wall and inside surface to inside air is
equivalent to the actual heat transfer by convection. So the air film coefficient depends upon air
velocity, as convection heat transfer depends upon air movement the outside air film coefficient
ho is higher than inside air film coefficient hi due to limited air movement in the room. The value
of surface conductance for air film is given in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Surface or film conductance for air film
Air velocity
Surface position
Direction of
heat flow
Surface emissivity
Still air
Horizontal
Up
0.9
9.4
0.7
5.2
0.5
4.4
Still air
Horizontal
Down
6.3
2.2
1.3
Still air
Vertical
Horizontal
8.5
4.3
3.5
25 kmph
Any position
Any
35
----
----
12 kmph
Any position
Any
23.3
----
----
Source: C.P. Arora

Table 3.5 gives the thermal conductance for air space of three widths with different orientations
and at two different mean temperatures.
Table 3.5 Thermal conductance ka of air space
Mean temperature
10 oC
Position
Horizontal
Direction of
heat flow
Up
Down
32 oC
Vertical
Horizontal
Horizontal
Up
Down
Vertical
Horizontal
17
Widths
cm
2.1
11.6
2.1
4.2
11.6
2.1
11.6
2.1
11.6
2.1
4.2
11.6
2.1
11.6
Conductance
W/m2-oC
6.7
6.2
5.7
5.1
4.8
5.8
5.8
7.7
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.8
7.0
6.9
Source: C.P. Arora
3.2.1.1.2 Surface area

The area of wall is calculated after deducting the area of the opening for door and windows.
3.2.1.1.3 Cooling load temperature difference (CLTD)
CLTD is the effective temperature difference across a wall or ceiling, which accounts for the
effect of radiant heat as well as the temperature difference. The ASHRAE has developed the
CLTD values for exterior walls and roofs based on solar radiation variation typical of 40N
latitude on July 21 with a certain outside and inside air temperature conditions and based on
building materials commonly used in North America. The accuracy of the CLTD values could be
not accurate, when the location of the building is not at 40N (especially below 24N). The LM
is correction factor for the locations other than 40N latitude. As Rourkela is located on 22.12N
Latitude, the closest value of corrected factor is taken as latitude of 24. The value of equivalent
CLTDs for D type of wall are given in table 3.6
Table 3.6 Equivalent CLTDs for D type of walls
Wall facing
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Solar time hr.

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
8
9
11
11
11
16
17
14
7
8
9
9
9
14
15
12
7
7
8
8
8
12
13
11
6
6
7
7
7
11
12
9
5
6
6
6
6
9
10
8
4
4
5
6
5
8
8
7
3
8
9
7
3
4
5
4
3
9
12
9
4
4
5
4
4
11
15
12
5
4
5
4
4
12
17
14
7
6
6
5
6
13
18
16
9
7
6
6
Wall facing
15
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
7
13
18
17
11
9
8
7
16
7
13
18
12
13
12
10
8
17
8
13
18
18
15
15
13
10
3
4
4
4
4
7
7
6
Solar time hr.

18
19 20 21
9
14
18
18
16
18
17
12
10
14
17
17
16
20
20
15
11
13
17
17
16
21
22
17
11
13
16
16
15
21
23
18
3
4
5
4
4
6
6
5
3
6
7
6
3
5
6
4
22
23
24
Hr. of
Max
CLTD
11
12
14
14
14
21
22
18
10
11
13
13
13
19
21
17
9
10
12
12
12
17
19
15
21
19
16
17
19
21
21
22
Max
CLTD
Min
CLTD
11
14
18
18
16
21
23
18
3
4
4
4
3
4
5
4
The CLTD values for all other wall groups can be referred in the 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook.
18
Table 3.6 gives value for particular latitude, time of the year, color of the wall, temperature
difference between outside design and inside design conditions and variation in outside design
temperature. The values shown in Table 3.6 assume a mean temperature of 29.4 oC, room
temperature 24.5 oC, dark surface, and a clear sky. For CLTD value of different kinds of roof and
ceilings we can refer ASHRAE hand books, For different design conditions, the CLTD values
given in Table 3.6 must be corrected before used in heat transfer equations. The following
equation can be used for correct CLTD.
CLTDcorr = (CLTD + LM) K + (25.5 Ti) + (To 29.4)
.. (3.3)
To = outside design temperature (oC)
Where
Ti = inside design temperature (oC)

LM = latitude month correction given table 3.7
K = correction factor depends on building color.
K = 1 for dark color, 0.85 for medium color and 0.65 for light color.
When types of wall is thermally heavier then group A type of wall due to added insulation, then
uncorrected CLTD is given in Table 3.7
Table 3.7 CLTD when wall is heavier
N
NE
SE
SW
NW
12
12
12
12
Table 3.8 latitude month correction (LM) value for 24oN

Month
NE/NW
E/W
SE/SW
HOR
Dec
-5
-8
-7
13
-13
Jan/Nov
-4
-9
-6
13
-11
Feb/Oct
-4
-6
-3
10
-7
March/Sept
-3
-3
-1
-3
Apr/Aug
-2
-1
-1
-3
May/Jul
-3
-6
Jun
-4
-6
19
3.2.1.2 Heat Gain through Glass

Heat is transmitted through glass due to solar radiation. The heat gain through glass areas
constitutes a major portion of the load on the cooling apparatus. This could be direct in the form
of sunrays or diffused radiation due to reflection from other objects outside. Heat transmitted
through a glass depends on the wavelength of radiation and physical and chemical characteristics
of glass. Part of the radiation is absorbed, part is reflected and the rest is transmitted. The heat
transfer of glass takes place in the two ways, transmission heat gain and solar heat gain. The
following equations are used to calculate heat gain from glass areas.
Fig 3.4 heat gain through glass

Transmission heat gain through glass:
Q UA(CLTD) corr
... (3.4)
By solar radiation:
Q A SHGFmax SC CLF
.
(3.5)
SHGFmax = maximum solar heat gain factor (W/m2)

SC = shading coefficient depends on type of shading
CLF = cooling load factor
20
Table 3.9 gives the value of sensible heat gain factor for 22o North latitude at different
orientations and months.
Table 3.9 SHGFmax for 22o N latitude
Maximum solar heat gain factor W/m2
NE/NW
E/W
SE/SW
S
Months
N
82
88
98
110
129
167
136
114
104
91
82
79
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
129
243
372
473
527
543
520
461
356
240
129
91
568
647
685
662
631
612
618
640
650
621
558
533
726
697
609
476
372
328
360
457
587
675
722
729
HOR
640
533
366
192
129
123
129
205
360
517
631
672
647
744
811
826
820
811
808
785
729
644
353
647
The maximum solar heat gain factor SHGFmax and CLF depends on latitude, orientation and
month, it is totally solar heat transmission which includes directly transmitted energy and
indirectly transferred heat gain energy. The cooling load factor (CLF) for different orientation
and months are given on in Table 3.10.
Table 3.10 Cooling load factor (CLF) for windows glass with indoor shading device
Wall facing
Solar time hr.

1
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.73
0.66
0.65
0.73
NE
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.56
0.76
0.74
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.47
0.72
SE
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.3
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
SW
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
NW
0.05
0.04
HOR
0.06
0.05
11
12
0.8
0.86
0.89
0.58
0.37
0.29
0.27
0.8
0.76
0.62
0.41
0.27
0.57
0.74
0.81
0.79
0.68
0.49
0.09
0.16
0.23
0.38
0.58
0.75
0.83
0.03
0.07
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.38
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.07
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.12
0.27
0.44
0.59
0.72
0.81
0.85
21
10
Table 3.10 continues..

Wall facing
Solar time hr.

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0.89
0.86
0.82
0.75
0.78
0.91
0.24
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.10
NE
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.17
0.14
0.11
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.03
SE
0.33
0.28
0.25
0.22
0.18
0.13
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.80
0.68
0.50
0.35
0.27
0.19
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
SW
0.59
0.75
0.81
0.81
0.69
0.45
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.31
0.53
0.72
0.82
0.81
0.61
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.06
NW
0.22
0.30
0.52
0.73
0.82
0.69
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.06
HOR
0.85
0.81
0.71
0.58
0.42
0.25
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.06
3.1.2.3 Heat Gain from Occupants

The human body in a cooled space constitute cooling load of sensible and latent heat. In an air
conditioned room, sensible heat load given out is due to temperature different between body and room air.
The heat gain from occupants is based on the average number of people that are expected to be present in
a conditioned space. The heat load produced by each person depends upon the activity of the person. The
value of heat gain increases with increase in activity of the human being.
The heat gain from occupancy or people are calculated by following equations:
Sensible heat gain from occupants
Qs , person qs , person N CLF
.. (3.6)
Latent heat gain from occupants
Ql , person ql , person N
Where
qs , person = sensible heat gain/person (W)
ql , person = latent heat gain/person (W)
N = total number of people present in conditioned space

CLF = cooling load factor
22
.. (3.7)
Table 3.11lists the rate of heat gain from occupants at different activity level based on 24 oC
room dry bulb temperature.
Table 3.11 Rate of heat gain from occupant at conditioned space (W)
Degree of activity
Typical application
Adult,
Male
Adjusted
Sensible
heat
Total heat
Latent
heat
Seated at Theater
Theater, matinee
115
95
65
30
Seated, very light work
Offices, hotels, apartments
130
115
70
45
Moderately active office
Offices, hotels, apartments
140
130
75
55
Standing, light work;
Department store; retail
160
130
75
55
walking
store
Walking, standing
Drug store, bank
160
145
75
70
Sedentary work
Restaurants
145
160
80
80
Light bench work
Factory
235
220
80
140
Moderate dancing
Dance hall
265
250
90
160
Bowling
Bowling alley
440
425
170
255
Heavy work
Factory
440
425
170
255
Athletics
Gymnasium
585
525
210
315
work
CLF is the cooling load factor for the occupants and it is depends on the people spending time in
the conditioned space, and the time intervened since first entering. CLF is equal to 1, if cooling
system does not run 24 hr. a day and for auditorium, theater or when people density is high such
as for more than 100 people/90m2. Human body generates both sensible and latent heat load
according to activity level. The sensible heat rate increases slightly with higher activity, but
latent heat increases dramatically because of greater perspiration rates needed to maintain body
temperature. Because of thermal mass affects the entire sensible heat rate from people is not
immediately converted in to cooling load, therefore CLF correction must be applied in sensible
heat gain. The latent component is immediately converted to cooling load so no CLF correction
is necessary. The value of CLF for occupants are given in Table 3.12
23
Table 3.12 Sensible heat cooling load factor (CLF) for people
Total hrs. in space
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Hrs. after each entry into space

4
5
6
7
8
9
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.58
0.59
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.64
0.66
0.70
0.74
0.17
0.66
0.67
0.67
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.75
0.79
0.13
0.71
0.72
0.72
0.74
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.82
22
23
24
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.13
0.18
0.24
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.16
0.21
Total hrs. in space

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0.10
0.27
0.76
0.76
0.77
0.79
0.80
0.82
0.85
0.08
0.21
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.07
0.16
0.34
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.06
0.14
0.26
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.90
0.05
0.11
0.21
0.38
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.92
13
14
15
Hrs. after each entry into space

16
17
18
19
20
21
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.18
0.28
0.45
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.02
0.06
0.10
0.15
0.23
0.36
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.13
0.20
0.30
0.47
0.95
0.96
0.02
0.04
0.07
0.12
0.17
0.25
0.38
0.96
0.97
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.15
0.21
0.31
0.49
0.97
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.13
0.19
0.26
0.39
0.97
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.16
0.23
0.33
0.50
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.10
0.14
0.20
0.28
0.40
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.17
0.24
0.33
10
11
12
0.04
0.10
0.18
0.30
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.91
0.93
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.25
0.42
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.94
0.03
0.07
0.13
0.21
0.34
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.94
3.1.2.4 Heat Gain from Lighting Equipments

Electric lights generate sensible heat equal to the amount of the electric power consumed. The
heat gained from electric light depends upon the rating of light in watts, use factor and allowance
factor. As a rough calculation, one may use the lighting load equal to 33.5 W/m2 to produce a
lighting standard of 540 lumens/m2 in an office space. After the wattage is known the heat gain
from electric light is given by Eqn. (3.8)
Qlight Total wattage of light
Use factor
Allowance factor (3.8)
The use factor is the ratio of actual wattage in use to installed wattage. Its value depends upon
the type of use to which room is put. In case of residences, commercial stores and shops, its
value is usually taken as unity, whereas for industrial workshops it is taken below 0.5. The
24
allowance factor is generally used in the case of fluorescent light to allow for the power used by
the ballast. Its value is taken as 1.25. The value of wattage of light is given in Table 3.13
according to the type of use in room
Table 3.13 Typical lighting load
Lighting power W/m2
12
14
15
10
10
15
10
16
20
13
Description of rooms
Office room
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose
Classroom/Lecture/Training
Audience/Seating area
Dining area
Laboratory
Rest room
Electrical/mechanical room
Workshop
Library, reading area
3.1.2.5 Heat gain from electric equipments
The general electric equipments and appliances such as typewriters, computers, printers, fax
machines, TV, refrigerator, washing machines, kitchen equipments and any other equipments of
this type also adds heat in the air conditioning space and it is handled in a similar manner as
lighting. The heat gain by the equipment is determined by the wattage of the equipment and is
calculated by:
Qequipement Total wattage of equipment
Use factor
CLF (3.9)
CLF = 1.0, if operation is 24 hours or of cooling is off at night or during weekends.

3.1.2.5.1 Heat gain from office equipments
General office equipments such as computers, printers, fax machines and copiers consume
energy even when these are not in use. With the common use of desktop computers, printers and
other devices also add heat in conditioned space. The Table 3.14 provides a sample of typical
electrical power requirements for common office equipment. For details refer to 2001 ASHRAE
Fundamentals Hand Book,
25
Table 3.14 Heat gain rate for office equipments (Watts)

Appliance
Computer -15 Monitor
-17 Monitor
-19 Monitor
Laser printer-Desktop
-Small office
-Large office
Fax machine
Facsimile Machine
Image Scanner
Dot Matrix Printer
Desktop Copier
Office Copier
Continuous
110
125
135
130
320
550
Average
30
25
50
400
1100
100
160
275
30
85
400
Ideal
20
25
30
10
70
125
15
15
25
20
300
3.1.2.6 Heat gain due to Infiltration

Infiltration may be defined as the uncontrolled entry of untreated, outdoor air directly into the
conditioned space in other words infiltration air is the air that enters a conditioned space through
windows crack and opening and closing of doors. This is caused by pressure difference between
the two sides of the windows and doors and it depends upon the wind velocity and its direction
and difference in densities due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside air.
For calculating the quantity of infiltration air generally air change method is use. According to
this method, the amount of infiltrated air is calculated by equation
Amount of infiltrated air (Vinf) =
Where
Valume of space AC 3
m /min (3.10)
60
AC is number of air changes value/ hour and its value is given in table 3.15
The total room infiltration air for an entire building is taken one-half of the above calculated
value because infiltration takes place on the windward side of building. In multi- story buildings
which are fully air conditioned, stack effect cause infiltration/exfiltration. In summer, due to cold
air column inside, exfiltration may take place at lower floor and infiltration in upper floor. In
winter the phenomenon is reversed.
26
Table 3.15 Number of air changes per hour.

Kind of room or building
Number of air changes per hour(AC)

0.5 to 0.75
Room with no windows or outside doors

Room, one wall exposed
Room, two walls exposed
1.5
Room, three walls exposed
Room, four walls exposed
Entrance halls
2 to 3
Reception halls
The sensible heat gain due to the infiltration is given by Eqn (3.11)
QS ,inf 20.44 Vinf (To Ti ) Watts
. (3.11)
And the latent heat gain due to the infiltration is given by Eqn (3.12)
QL,inf 50000 Vinf (Wo Wi ) Watts
. (3.12)
Where
To and Ti = Outside and inside design temperature respectively (oC)
Wo and Wi = specific humidity of outside and inside at conditioned space (kg/kg of dry air)
3.1.2.7 Heat gain due to Ventilation
Human beings inside a space require freshness to air. It has been seen in studies by the
ASHRAE, that, inadequate fresh air supply to a space leads to health problems for people inside
it. This is called Sick building syndrome. The ventilation is provide to the conditioned space in
order to minimize odor, concentration of smoke, carbon dioxide and other undesirable gases, so
that freshness of air could be maintained. The quantity of outside air used for ventilation should
provide at least one-half air change per hours in building with normal ceiling height. Also, if the
infiltration air quantity is larger than the ventilation quantity, then the latter should be decreased
to at least equal to the infiltration air. The outside air adds sensible as well as latent heat.
Therefore, the ASHRAE gives the minimum and recommended values of fresh air per person for
different applications of space. Thus, in a hospital room the ventilation requirement is less than
27
that for a conference room. The table also takes in to account density of people inside the space
by recommending the values per m2 floor area. In case of private rooms with a low occupation
density it gives more acceptable value of ventilation requirements.
Table 3.16 Required Ventilation rate per Person and per Area
Description
Default occupant
Outdoor air
Outdoor air
density ppl/100m2
m3/min/person
m3/min/m2 area
Auditorium seating area
20
0.15
0.05
Classrooms (age 9 plus)
35
0.30
0.04
Computer lab
25
0.30
0.04
Lecture classroom
65
0.23
0.02
Library
10
0.15
0.04
Lobbies
150
0.15
0.02
Multi-purpose assembly
120
0.15
0.02
Office space
0.15
0.02
Reception area
30
0.15
0.02
3.3 Total Loads

The sum of total room sensible heat gain and total room latent heat gain is known as room total
heat load.
RTH = RSH + RLH
(3.13)
3.3.1 Total Room Sensible Heat Gain

Room sensible heat gain is a combination of all type of sensible heat gain at a conditioned space
i.e.
RSHG = Sensible heat gain through walls, floors and ceilings + Sensible heat gain through
glasses + Sensible heat gain due to occupants + Sensible heat gain due to infiltration
air + Sensible heat gain due to ventilation + Sensible heat gain due to lights and fans.
(3.14)
28
3.3.2 Total Room Latent Heat Gain

Room latent heat gain is a combination of all type of latent heat gain at a conditioned space i.e.
RLHG = Latent heat gain due to infiltration + Latent heat gain due to ventilations + Latent heat
gain from persons + Latent heat gain due to appliances.
.... (3.15)
3.3.3 Room Sensible Heat Factor

Room sensible heat factor is defined as the ratio of the room sensible heat to the room total heat.
Mathematically, room sensible heat factor
RSHF
RSH
RSH
RSH RLH RTH
(3.16)
3.3.4 Total Load in tons

Total heat gain obtained by all above modes is in Watts and we can convert this value from
Watts to tons with help of Eqn (3.17)
Total load in tons
Total load in Watts

35000
29
.. (3.17)
CHAPTER 4
THERMAL LOAD CALCULATION FOR THE TIIR BUILDING
4.1 Heat Transfer Analysis
In any building, heat is transmitted through external walls, top roof, floor of the ground floor,
windows and doors. Heat transfer takes place by conduction, convection and radiation. The
cooling load of the building is dependent on local climate, thermal characteristics of material and
type of building. For cooling load calculation, there are many types of software such as DOE
2.1E, BLAST, Elite or HAP 4.3 available which use the transfer functions method and heat
balance method. These methods require a complex and lengthy data input. Therefore, most of the
designers do not use these methods. They prefer a more compact and easy method for calculating
the cooling load of a building. A more basic version for calculating a cooling load using the
transfer function method is to use the one step procedure, which was first presented in the
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals in the year 2005. This method is called the cooling load
temperature differences (CLTD) method. In this method, hand calculation is used to calculate
cooling load.
Hand calculations were done for a small portion of the building using the all equations mention
in Chapter 3 and calculation procedures and information. In the TIIR building there are total 19
rooms of four floors where air conditioning is required including auditorium, lecture rooms,
meeting rooms, library etc. Each one of them is treated as separate system. All equations
required for heat transfer through the building and for the insides load were used to get the
thermal load. Then, all the equations were inserted in a particular program MS Excel, to get the
results.
The general step by step procedures for calculating the total heat load are as follows
i.
Select inside design condition (Temperature, relative humidity).
ii.
Select outside design condition (Temperature, relative humidity).
iii.
Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient Uo for wall, ceiling, floor, door, windows,
below grade.
iv.
Calculate area of wall, ceiling, floor, door, windows.
v.
Calculate heat gain from transmission.
vi.
Calculate solar heat gain

30
vii.
Calculate sensible and latent heat gain from ventilation, infiltration and occupants.
viii.
Calculate lighting heat gain
ix.
Calculate total heat gain and
x.
Calculate TR
4.2 Design condition

The amount of cooling that has to be accomplished to keep buildings comfortable in summer and
winter depends on the desired indoor conditions and on the outdoor conditions on a given day.
These conditions are, respectively, called the indoor design condition and the outdoor design
condition.
For most of the comfort systems, the recommended indoor temperature and relative humidity are
as follows
DBT 22.78 oC to 26.11 oC, and RH 50% for summer
DBT 22.11 oC to 22.22 oC and RH 20 to 30% for winter
The cooling load of the TIIR building is based on 25 oC dry bulb temperature and 50% relative
humidity Indoor design conditions.
The outdoor design conditions are determined from published data for the specific location,
based on weather bureau or airport records. The outdoor design conditions of Rourkela is 43 oC
DBT and Relative Humidity 46% for summer (month of May) and 36 oC DBT and 84 % RH for
monsoon (month of July).
4.3 Overall heat transfer coefficient calculation
Commonly the building walls may consist of non-homogeneous materials for example hollow
bricks, air gap and plaster. Heat transfer through these types of wall is quite complicated as it
involves simultaneous heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation as shown on Fig 3.3
in Chapter 3. All material has different kinds of thermo-physical properties; the thermo-physical
properties of common building materials have been measured and presented in ASHRAE and
other handbooks.
4.3.1 Calculation of overall heat transfer coefficient (Uo) for outer walls of TIIR building
The outer walls of the TIIR building consist of combinations of different layers are 230 mm
common bricks + air space + 230 mm common bricks with 13 mm cement mortar and 26 mm
31
(13 mm both side) sand cement plaster, and thermal conductivities and thermal conductance
from Table 3.3, Table 3.4 and Table 3.5
Thermal conductivity of brick (kbrick) = 0.77 W/m-K
Thermal conductivity of plaster (kplaster) = 8.65 W/m-K
Thermal conductance of air gape = 5.8 W/m2-K
Outside film coefficient = 23 W/m2-K
Inside film coefficient = 8.5 W/m2-K
Now overall heat transfer coefficient from equation 3.2
U exp osed walls
1
= 1.07 W/m2-K
1 0.013 0.23 1 0.23 0.013 1
23 8.65 0.77 5.8 0.77 8.65 8.5
4.3.2 Overall heat transfer coefficient for inner and partition walls
The interior walls of building are consist of 230 mm common bricks with 26 (13 mm both side)
inch sand cement plaster.
U partition
1
= 1.86 W/m2-K
1 0.013 0.23 0.013 1
8.5 8.65 0.77 8.65 8.5
4.3.3 Overall heat transfer coefficient of roof

The roofs consist of 152 mm concrete poured in metal sheet with 13 mm plaster
U ceiling
1
1 0.154 0.013 1
9.4 1.73
8.65 6.3
= 2.82 W/m2-K
4.3.4 Overall heat transfer coefficient of floor

U flloor
1
1
0.2
9.4 1.73
= 4.5 W/m2-K
4.3.5 Overall heat transfer coefficient of window glass
U glass
1
= 5.6 W/m2-K
1 0.0127 1
23
0.78 8.5
32
4.4 Calculation of Cooling Load Temperature Difference

The expose walls of the TIIR (Technology Innovation and Industry Relation) building are
thermally heavier than the group A type wall due to added insulation, then uncorrected CLTD of
the wall from Table 3.7
Table 4.1 Corrected CLTD values for TIIR building
CLTD
To (oC)
LM
Ti
( C)
o
6
9
12
12
9
12
12
9
30.0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Summer
Monsoon
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
1
2
0
-3
-6
-3
0
2
1
CLTDcorr =
(CLTD + LM) K + (25.5 Ti) + (To 29.4)
Summer (May)
Monsoon (July)
23
28
28
25
20
25
28
28
47
16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
4.5 Calculation of heat transfer area

In the TIIR building there are total 19 rooms of four floors where air conditioning is required
including auditorium, lecture rooms, meeting rooms, library etc. Each one of them is treated as
separate system. The detailed of AC requirement area is given in Table 4.2
Table 4.2 AC Requirement areas in the TIIR building
TIIR BUILDING
S.N.
Room/ Hall
GROUND FLOOR
Width Length
Area
Celling Ht
AC
(m)
(m)
(m2)
(m)
Requirement
120 seat Lecture room
14.17
8.67
122.85
3.40
122.85
Direct TIIR
3.57
6.87
24.53
3.40
24.53
Admin Office
5.27
6.87
36.20
3.35
36.20
Placement office
2.97
6.87
20.40
3.40
20.40
IPR Office
5.27
6.87
36.20
3.35
36.20
33
6
7
Professor
120 seat Lecture room
3.57
6.87
24.53
3.40
24.53
14.17
8.67
122.85
3.40
122.85
Office room
12.27
6.97
85.52
3.40
85.52
Meeting room
12.27
6.97
85.52
3.40
85.52
10
Central Workshop
14.17
19.97
282.97
11
Library
6.97
6.47
45.10
3.32
45.10
12
Dining
9.67
6.97
67.40
13
Alumini Relation
6.97
6.97
48.58
3.32
48.58
14
Alumini Visitors
6.97
12.74
88.80
3.32
88.80
15
Placement Cell
14.17
19.97
282.97
Sub Total
741.09
FIRST FLOOR
1
Common Facilities
14.04
20.09
282.06
Interview Room
5.23
6.97
36.45
3.35
36.45
Interview Room
9.07
6.97
63.22
3.35
63.22
Working Modules
14.04
8.77
123.13
Working Modules
12.53
6.97
87.33
Seminar Room
12.53
6.97
87.33
3.35
87.33
Placement Cell
14.04
20.08
281.92
Working Modules
6.97
6.66
46.42
Working Modules
6.97
6.00
41.82
10
Working Modules
6.97
6.97
48.58
11
Working Modules
6.97
6.97
48.58
12
Working Modules
6.97
6.97
48.58
13
Working Modules
6.97
6.00
41.82
14
Working Modules
6.97
6.66
46.42
15
Central Design
14.17
20.09
284.68
3.32
284.68
20.00
25.00
500.00
7.55
500.00
Office
16
Auditorium
34
Sub Total
971.6804
3.35
62.31
Sub Total
62.31
Sub Total
Total
0
1775.1
SECOND FLOOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Working Modules
Library Facilities
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
14.17
9.07
9.07
14.17
12.27
12.27
14.17
6.97
6.97
6.97
7.20
9.44
6.97
6.97
14.17
8.67
6.87
6.87
8.67
6.97
6.97
19.97
6.43
6.00
6.97
6.97
6.97
6.00
6.66
19.97
122.85
62.31
62.31
122.85
85.52
85.52
282.97
44.82
41.82
48.58
50.18
65.80
41.82
46.42
282.97
THIRD FLOOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
Working Modules
14.17
9.07
9.07
14.17
12.27
12.27
14.17
6.97
6.97
6.97
7.20
9.44
6.97
6.97
14.17
8.67
6.87
6.87
8.67
6.97
6.97
19.97
6.43
6.00
6.97
6.97
6.97
6.00
6.66
19.97
35
122.85
62.31
62.31
122.85
85.52
85.52
282.97
44.82
41.82
48.58
50.18
65.80
41.82
46.42
282.97
4.5.1 Dimension of the doors and windows

All dimension of the doors and windows are given in Table 4.3
Table 4.3 dimension of doors and windows
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Type Mark
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
OP1
OP2
Width
2.00
1.20
1.00
1.50
0.90
1.50
2.40
3.00
3.60
3.00
1.50
2.47
Height
2.70
2.70
2.70
2.70
2.70
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.20
1.80
1.80
Description
Flush Door
Flush Door
Flush Door
Flush Door
Flush Door
UPVC Window
UPVC Window
UPVC Window
UPVC Window
UPVC Window
Low Wall with Hand Drill
Low Wall with Hand Drill
4.6 Total Cooling Load Calculations

W
Length of the room = 14.17 m
D4
D4
Width of the room = 8.67 m

Height of the room = 3.40 m
Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m2
W1
W1
W1
W1
Area of the door (D4) = 1.5 2.7 = 4.05 m2

E
Total sun facing glass area = 2.7 4 10.8 m2
Outside wall area (SE) = 14.17 3.4 4 2.7 37.38 m2
Sun facing wall
Partition wall areas (NE, NW, SW) = 8.67 3.4 8.67 3.4 (14.17 3.4 2 4.05) = 99.034 m2
Now the amount of infiltrated air through windows and walls is
14.17 8.67 3.4 1

6.97 m3/min
60
The details of cooling load calculations of the 120 seated lecture room 1 are given on the
calculation sheet in Table 4.4
36
Table 4.4 Cooling load sheet of 120 seated Lecture Room 1

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
1
City
Month
TIIR BUILDING COOLING LOAD
120 SEAT LECTURE ROOM 1
Time
=
14.17
CONDITION
=
8.67
DBT
Outside
=
3.40
43
Inside
=
123
23
Difference
=
418
20
= 0.12
No of Air Changes / Hr.
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
May for Summer and July for Monsson
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
Infiltrated Air(m3/min)
SUMMER
Monsoon
SOLAR HEAT GAIN FOR GLASS

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
10.8
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
563
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
544
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
1,209.60
13
2991
8
5,196.72
8
1382
2.3
SOLAR & TRANSM ISSION HEAT GAIN FOR W ALLS & ROOF
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
37.4
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
1,045.00
0
0
-
711.02
0
0
-
TRANSM ISSION HEAT GAIN EXCEPT FOR W ALLS & ROOF

Item
Area (sq. m)
10.8
107
123
123
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
786.24
1595.1
2,771.58
1271.5
HEAT GAIN DUE TO INFILTRATION

Infiltrated Air
7
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
2845.95
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
1849.87
Factor
70
123
Temp Diff (C)
W
8470
1843
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
121
15
W
8470
1843
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT SUBTOTAL :
25545.89
19841.95
S. A. heat gain, leak loss & Safety Factor (6%) :

ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (R.S.H.) :
1532.75
27078.65
1190.52
21032.47
ROOM LATENT HEAT CALCULATIONS:

Infiltrated Air
7
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1
121
Factor
50000
Factor
45
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
W
5607.67
W
5445
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
7852.82
W
5445
0
0
0

ROOM LATENT HEAT (R.L.H.) :
552.63
11605.30
664.89
13962.71
ROOM TOTAL HEAT (R.T.H.) :
38683.95
34995.18
37
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

OUTSIDE AIR SENSIBLE HEAT (OASH)
Outside Air
2.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
2.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
883.92
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
574.55
OUTSIDE AIR LATENT HEAT (OALH)

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
R.A.heat, leak gain& Safety factor (5%)
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR = (RSH/RTH) :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1741.68
41309.54
2065.48
43375.02
12.39
0.70
8.00
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
2438.99
38008.72
1900.44
39909.16
11.40
0.60
7
7.00
DEHUMIDIFIED AIR QUANTITY :

Room Rise = (1 - By-pass Factor) * (Room Temp - ADP) :
DEHUMIDIFIED AIR = RSH / (20.44 * Dehumid. Rise) :
Safety factor (5%)
TOTAL DEHUMIDIFIED AIR:
12.32
108
5
113
16.00
64
6
71
4.6.2 Cooling load calculation of the Direct TIIR Room
D3

Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m2
Area of the door (D3) = 1.0 2.7 = 2.7 m
W1
2
Outside wall area (SE) = 3.57 3.4 2.7 9.44 m2
Sun facing wall
Partition wall areas (NE, SW, NW) = 6.87 3.4 6.87 3.4 (3.57 3.4 2.7) = 56.15 m2
3.57 6.87 3.4 1

1.4 m3/min
60
Ventilation requirement/m2 = 0.02 m3/min

Total ventilation required = 0.02 24.53 0.5 m3/min
Occupant heat gain for office: - SHG = 70W/person and LHG = 45W/person
Lighting heat gain for office = 12W/m2
The details of cooling load calculations of the Direct TIIR room are given on the calculation
sheet in Table 4.5
38
Table 4.5 Cooling load sheet of the Direct TIIR Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
2
City
Month
DIRECT TIIR
Time
=
3.57
CONDITION
=
6.87
DBT
Outside
=
3.40
43
Inside
=
25
23
Difference
=
83
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Orissa
4.00 PM
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
1.39
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
2.7
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
141
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
136
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
8
W
835.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
9.4
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
263.76
0
0
-
179.47
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
2.7
56
25
25
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
W
302.40
1567
1,037.45
276
196.56
553.30
882.9

Outside Air CFM
1.39
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
568.15
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
369.30
Factor
70
25
Temp Diff (C)
W
350
294
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
5
12
W
350
294
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
4799.28
3797.32

287.96
5087.24
227.84
4025.16

Outside Air CFM
Bypass
Factor
1.39
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
5
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
39
W
1119.48
W
225
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
1567.70
W
225
0
0
0
67.22
1411.71
89.63
1882.33
6498.95
5907.49
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
0.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
0.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
176.46
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
114.70
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
486.91

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
0.0161
W
347.70
7023.11
351.16
7374.26
2.11
0.78
9.00
9.00
6509.10
325.45
6834.55
1.95
0.68
8
8.00
12.32
20
1
21
15.00
13
1
14

Safety factor (5%)
4.6.3 Cooling load calculation of the Admin Office
D3

Area of glass (W3) = 3 1.8 5.4 m2
W3

Outside wall area (SE) = 5.27 3.35 5.4 12.25 m
S
2
Sun facing wall
5.27 6.87 3.35 1

2.02 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Admin Office are given in Table 4.6
40
Table 4.6 Cooling load sheet of the Admin Office Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
3
City
Month
ADMIN OFFICE
Time
=
5.27
CONDITION
=
6.87
DBT
Outside
=
3.35
43
Inside
=
36
23
Difference
=
121
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
2.02
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
5.4
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
281
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
272
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
604.80
13
1702
8
1,531.47
8
407
2.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
12.3
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
342.28
0
0
-
232.89
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
5.4
61
36
36
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
393.12
907.7
816.78
407.3

Outside Air CFM
2.02
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
826.36
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
537.14
Factor
70
36
Temp Diff (C)
W
420
434
0
180
Temp Diff (C)
6
12
W
420
434
0
180
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
180.0
6729.99
4601.25

403.80
7133.79
276.07
4877.32

Outside Air CFM
Bypass
Factor
2.02
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
6
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
41
W
1628.27
W
270
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
2280.18
W
270
0
0
0
94.91
1993.18
127.51
2677.69
9126.97
7555.02
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
0.90
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
0.90
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
323.77
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
210.45
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
893.38

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
637.96
10088.70
504.43
10593.13
3.03
0.78
10.00
10.00
8658.84
432.94
9091.78
2.60
0.65
8
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
11.44
31
2
32
15.00
16
2
17
D3
4.6.4 Cooling load calculation of the Placement Office

Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m2
W1
Sun facing wall
2.97 6.87 3.4 1

1.16 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Placement Office Room are given in Table 4.7
42
Table 4.7 Cooling load sheet of the Placement Office Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
4
City
Month
PLACEMENT OFFICE
Time
=
2.97
CONDITION
=
6.87
DBT
Outside
=
3.40
43
Inside
=
20
23
Difference
=
69
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Orissa
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
1.16
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
2.7
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
141
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
136
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
302.40
13
1507
8
869.21
8
230
2.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
7.4
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
206.76
0
0
-
140.68
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
2.7
54
20
20
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.84
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
196.56
803.5
463.58
229.5

Outside Air CFM
1.16
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
472.66
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
307.23
Factor
70
20
Temp Diff (C)
W
420
245
0
270
Temp Diff (C)
6
12
W
420
245
0
270
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
270.0
4662.73
3211.90

279.76
4942.50
192.71
3404.61

Outside Air CFM
Bypass
Factor
1.16
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
6
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
43
W
931.34
W
270
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
1304.22
W
270
0
0
0
60.07
1261.40
78.71
1652.93
6203.90
5057.54
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
0.41
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
0.41
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
147.50
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
95.87
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
406.98

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
0.0161
W
290.62
6642.02
332.10
6974.12
1.99
0.80
10.00
10.00
5560.40
278.02
5838.42
1.67
0.67
8
8.00
11.44
21
1
22
15.00
11
1
12

Safety factor (5%)
4.6.5 Cooling load calculation of the IPR Office
D3

Area of glass (W3) = 3 1.8 5.4 m2
W3
2
S Sun facing wall
5.27 6.87 3.35 1

2.02 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the IPR Office Room are given in Table 4.8
44
Table 4.8 Cooling load sheet of the IPR Office Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
5
City
Month
IPR OFFICE
Time
=
5.27
CONDITION
=
6.87
DBT
Outside
=
3.35
43
Inside
=
36
23
Difference
=
121
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Orissa
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
2.02
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
5.4
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
281
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
272
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
2.5
W
907.7
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
12.3
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
342.28
0
0
-
232.89
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
5.4
61
36
36
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
W
604.80
1702
1,531.47
407
393.12
816.78
407.3

Outside Air CFM
2.02
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
826.36
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
537.14
Factor
70
36
Temp Diff (C)
W
350
434
0
180
Temp Diff (C)
5
12
W
350
434
0
180
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
180.0
6659.99
4531.25

399.60
7059.59
271.87
4803.12

Outside Air CFM
Bypass
Factor
2.02
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
5
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
45
W
1628.27
W
225
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
2280.18
W
225
0
0
0
92.66
1945.93
125.26
2630.44
9005.52
7433.57
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
0.72
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
0.72
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
259.02
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
168.36
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
714.70

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
0.0161
W
510.36
9774.90
488.75
10263.65
2.93
0.78
10.00
10.00
8316.63
415.83
8732.46
2.49
0.65
8
8.00
11.44
30
2
32
15.00
16
2
17

Safety factor (5%)
4.6.6 Cooling load calculation of Professors room
D3

Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m2
W1
2
Sun facing wall E
3.57 6.87 3.4 1

1.4 m3/min
60

Occupant heat gain for office: - SHG = 70W/person and LHG = 45 W/person
Lighting heat gain for office = 12 W/m2
The details of cooling load calculations of the Professors room are given in Table 4.9
46
Table 4.9 Cooling load sheet of the Professors Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
6
City
Month
PROFESSORS ROOM
Time
=
3.57
CONDITION
=
6.87
DBT
Outside
=
3.40
43
Inside
=
25
23
Difference
=
83
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
1.4
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
2.7
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
141
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
136
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
2.5
W
835.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
9.4
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
263.76
0
0
-
179.47
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
2.7
56
25
25
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
W
302.40
1567
1,037.45
276
196.56
553.30
275.9

Outside Air CFM
1.39
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
568.15
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
369.30
Factor
70
25
Temp Diff (C)
W
490
294
0
250
Temp Diff (C)
7
12
W
490
294
0
250
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
250.0
5189.28
3580.31

311.36
5500.64
214.82
3795.12

Outside Air CFM
Bypass
Factor
1.39
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
7
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
47
W
1119.48
W
315
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
1567.70
W
315
0
0
0
71.72
1506.21
94.13
1976.83
7006.85
5771.95
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
0.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
0.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
176.46
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
114.70
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
486.91

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
0.0161
W
347.70
7531.01
376.55
7907.56
2.26
0.79
10.00
10.00
6373.56
318.68
6692.24
1.91
0.66
8
8.00
11.44
24
1
25
15.00
12
1
14

Safety factor (5%)

D4
D4

Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m2
W1

Total sun facing glass area = 2.7 4 10.8 m2
W1
W1
W1
Sun facing wall
Outside wall area (SE) = 14.17 3.4 4 2.7 37.38 m2

Partition wall areas (NE, NW, SW) = 8.67 3.4 8.67 3.4 (14.17 3.4 2 4.05) = 99.034 m2
14.17 8.67 3.4 1

6.97 m3/min
60

Total ventilation required = 0.02 123 2.5 m3/min
The details of cooling load calculations of the 120 seated lecture room are given in Table 4.10
48
Table 4.10 Cooling load sheet of 120 Seated Lecture Room 2

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
7
City
Month
120 SEAT LECTURE ROOM 2
Time
=
14.17
CONDITION
=
8.67
DBT
Outside
=
3.40
43
Inside
=
123
23
Difference
=
418
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
10.8
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
563
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
544
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
1,209.60
13
2991
8
5,196.72
8
1382
2.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
37.4
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
1,045.00
0
0
-
711.02
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
10.8
107
123
123
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
786.24
1595.1
2,771.58
1382.1

Infiltrated Air
7
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
2845.95
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
1849.87
Factor
70
123
Temp Diff (C)
W
8470
1843
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
121
15
W
8470
1843
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
25545.89
19952.52

1532.75
27078.65
1197.15
21149.67

Infiltrated Air
7
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1
121
Factor
50000
Factor
45
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
W
5607.67
W
5445
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
7852.82
W
5445
0
0
0

552.63
11605.30
664.89
13962.71
38683.95
35112.38
49
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
2.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
2.5
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
883.92
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
574.55

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1741.68
41309.54
2065.48
43375.02
12.39
0.70
8.00
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
2438.99
38125.92
1906.30
40032.22
11.44
0.60
7
7.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
108
5
113
4.6.8 Cooling load calculation of Office Room
16.00
65
6
71
D2
D2
Length of the room = 12.27m

W2

W1
Sun facing wall
Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m
W4
W2
Area of glass (W2) = 2.4 1.8 4.32 m2

Area of glass (W4) = 3.6 1.8 6.48 m2
D2
Outside wall area (SW) = 6.97 3.4 23.7 m2

Partition wall areas (NE, NW, SE) =
(6.97 3.4 6.48) [(12.27 3.4) (2.7 4.32 3.24 2)] 2 = 73.65 m2
12.27 6.97 3.4 1

4.85 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Office Room are given in Table 4.11
50
W1
D2
Table 4.11 Cooling load sheet of Office Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
8
City
Month
OFFICE ROOM
Time
=
12.27
CONDITION
=
6.97
DBT
Outside
=
3.40
43
Inside
=
86
23
Difference
=
291
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
4.85
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

17
24
27
18
16
18
19
19
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
2,298.24
13
2053
8
3,617.58
8
962
2.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
23.7
Factor(W/m-C)
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

24
31
34
25
23
25
26
26
47
1,284.92
0
0
-
926.58
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
20.5
74
86
86
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
1,493.86
1095.2
1,929.37
962.1

4.85
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1981.14
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
1287.74
Factor
70
86
Temp Diff (C)
W
1050
1026
0
1350
Temp Diff (C)
15
12
W
1050
1026
0
1350
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
1350.0
15623.70
11121.10

937.42
16561.13
667.27
11788.37

Bypass
Factor
4.85
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
15
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
51
W
3903.65
W
675
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
5466.56
W
675
0
0
0
228.93
4807.58
307.08
6448.64
21368.70
18237.00
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
615.16
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
399.86

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1212.12
23195.98
1159.80
24355.78
6.96
0.78
9.00
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
1697.41
20334.27
1016.71
21350.99
6.10
0.65
8
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
66
3
69
15.00
38
4
42
4.6.9 Cooling load calculation of Meeting Room

W
D2
D2

W2
W1
Sun facing
Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m
W4
Area of glass (W2) = 2.4 1.8 4.32 m
wall
W2
Area of glass (W4) = 3.6 1.8 6.48 m2

W1
D2
Outside wall area (NE) = 6.97 3.4 23.7 m2

Partition wall areas (SW, NW, SE) =
(6.97 3.4 6.48) [(12.27 3.4) (2.7 4.32 3.24 2)] 2 = 73.65 m2
12.27 6.97 3.4 1

4.85 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Meeting Room are given in Table 4.12
52
D2
Table 4.12 Cooling load sheet of Meeting Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
9
City
Month
MEETING ROOM
Time
=
12.27
CONDITION
=
6.97
DBT
Outside
=
3.40
43
Inside
=
86
23
Difference
=
291
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
4.85
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

17
24
27
18
16
18
19
19
40
1,592.07
0
0
W
2,298.24
2053
3,617.58
962
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
2.5
W
1095.2
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
23.7
Factor(W/m-C)
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

24
31
34
25
23
25
26
26
47
1,233.73
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
20.5
74
86
86
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
1,493.86
1,929.37
962.1

4.85
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1981.14
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
1287.74
Factor
70
86
Temp Diff (C)
W
1050
1197
0
270
Temp Diff (C)
15
14
W
1050
1197
0
270
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
270.0
15021.90
10519.30

901.31
15923.21
631.16
11150.45

Bypass
Factor
4.85
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
15
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
53
W
3903.65
W
675
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
5466.56
W
675
0
0
0
228.93
4807.58
307.08
6448.64
20730.79
17599.09
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
615.16
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
399.86

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1212.12
22558.07
1127.90
23685.97
6.77
0.77
9.50
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
1697.41
19696.36
984.82
20681.18
5.91
0.63
7
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
63
3
66
15.00
36
4
40
4.6.10 Cooling load calculation of Library

N
D2

Sun facing wall
W3
W2
Area of glass (W2) = 2.4 1.8 4.32 m2

S
Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m2

Outside wall area (SW) = 6.47 3.32 5.4 16.08 m2
Partition wall areas (NE, NW, SE) = (6.47 3.32 4.32 3.24) (6.97 3.32) 2 = 60.2 m2
6.47 6.97 3.32 1

2.5 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Library are given in Table 4.13
54
Table 4.13 Cooling load sheet of Library

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
10
City
Month
LIBRARY
Time
=
6.97
CONDITION
=
6.47
DBT
Outside
=
3.32
43
Inside
=
45
23
Difference
=
150
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
2.50
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
5.4
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
0
0
1045
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
0
0
1010
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

17
24
27
18
16
18
19
19
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
1,088.64
13
1680
8
1,907.56
8
507
2.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
16.1
Factor(W/m-C)
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

24
31
34
25
23
25
26
26
47
872.88
0
0
-
629.45
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
9.7
60
45
45
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
707.62
895.8
1,017.36
507.3

2.50
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1020.08
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
663.05
Factor
70
45
Temp Diff (C)
W
1050
586
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
15
13
W
1050
586
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
9757.57
7066.65

585.45
10343.02
424.00
7490.65

Bypass
Factor
2.50
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
15
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
55
W
2009.97
W
675
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
2814.71
W
675
0
0
0
134.25
2819.22
174.49
3664.19
13162.24
11154.84
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.8
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.8
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
647.54
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
420.90

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1275.91
15085.69
754.28
15839.97
4.53
0.79
9.40
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
1786.75
13362.49
668.12
14030.62
4.01
0.67
8
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
41
2
43
15.00
24
2
27
4.6.11 Cooling load calculation of Dining Room

Sun facing wall

W1
D2
W3
Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m2

Area of glass (W2) = 2.4 1.8 4.32 m2
W2
Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m2

D2
Outside wall area (NW) = 9.67 3.32 5.4 2.7 24 m2

Partition wall areas (NE, SE, SW) =
(6.97 3.32) (9.67 3.32 4.32 3.24) (6.97 3.32 3.24) = 67.6 m2
9.67 6.97 3.32 1

3.73 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Dining Room are given in Table 4.14
56
Table 4.14 Cooling load sheet of Dining Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
11
City
Month
DINING ROOM
Time
=
9.67
CONDITION
=
6.97
DBT
Outside
=
3.32
43
Inside
=
67
23
Difference
=
224
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
3.73
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
8.1
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2006
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1982
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
24
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
W
0
685
-
0
528
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
12.4
68
67
67
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
W
Temp Diff (C)
1,391.04
13
1886
8
2,851.02
8
758
2.5
W
904.18
1005.9
1,520.54
758.2

Infiltrated Air
3.73
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1524.60
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
990.99
Factor
70
67
Temp Diff (C)
W
1400
674
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
20
10
W
1400
674
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
13175.39
9763.02

790.52
13965.92
585.78
10348.80

Infiltrated Air
3.73
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1
20
Factor
50000
Factor
45
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
W
3004.08
W
900
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
4206.83
W
900
0
0
0

195.20
4099.28
255.34
5362.17
18065.20
15710.97
57
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.35
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.35
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
484.93
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
315.21

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
955.51
19505.65
975.28
20480.93
5.85
0.77
9.60
10.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
1338.08
17364.26
868.21
18232.47
5.21
0.66
7.6
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
11.44
60
3
63
15.00
34
3
37
4.6.12 Cooling load calculation of Alumni Relation

Sun facing wall

W4
Area of glass (W4) = 3.6 1.8 6.48 m
W3
Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m2

Sun facing wall
D2
Outside wall area (NW) = 6.87 3.32 6.48 16.66 m2
Outside wall area (NE) = 6.87 3.32 5.4 17.74 m2

Partition wall areas (SE, SW) = (6.97 3.32) (6.97 3.32 3.24) = 43.04 m2
6.97 6.97 3.32 1

2.7 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Alumni Relation Room are given in Table 4.15
58
Table 4.15 Cooling load sheet of Alumni Relation Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
12
City
Month
ALUMNI RELATION
Time
=
6.97
CONDITION
=
6.97
DBT
Outside
=
3.32
43
Inside
=
49
23
Difference
=
161
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
2.69
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
5.4
6.48
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
370
0
0
0
0
0
1604
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
365
0
0
0
0
0
1585
Temp Diff (C)

17
24
27
18
16
18
19
21
40
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
17.7
16.66
Factor(W/m-C)
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

24
31
34
25
23
25
26
27
47
1,191.70
0
481
-
923.47
0
374
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
11.9
43
49
49
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
W
Temp Diff (C)
1,330.56
13
1200
8
2,054.97
8
547
2.5
W
864.86
639.8
1,095.99
546.5

2.69
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1098.91
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
714.29
Factor
70
49
Temp Diff (C)
W
700
583
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
10
12
W
700
583
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
11160.96
8392.97

669.66
11830.62
503.58
8896.54

Bypass
Factor
2.69
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
10
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
59
W
2165.30
W
450
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
3032.23
W
450
0
0
0
130.76
2746.06
174.11
3656.34
14576.68
12552.88
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.0
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.0
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
348.95
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
226.82
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
962.86

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
687.57
15613.21
780.66
16393.87
4.68
0.81
10.00
10.00
13742.56
687.13
14429.69
4.12
0.71
8
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
11.44
51
3
53
15.00
29
3
32
4.6.13 Cooling load calculation of Alumni Visitors Room

D2

W2
W3
Sun facing wall
Area of glass (W2) = 2.4 1.8 4.32 m
Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m2
W2
W3
D2
Outside wall area (NE) = 12.74 3.32 5.4 2 31.5 m2
Partition wall areas (SE, SW, NW) =
(6.97 3.32) 2 (12.74 3.32 3.24 2 4.32 2) = 50.32 m2

6.97 12.74 3.32 1

4.91 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Alumni Visitors Room are given in Table 4.16
60
Table 4.16 Cooling load sheet of Alumni Visitors Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
13
City
Month
ALUMNI VISITORS ROOM
Time
=
6.97
CONDITION
=
12.74
DBT
Outside
=
3.32
43
Inside
=
89
23
Difference
=
295
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
4.91
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
10.8
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
740
0
0
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
731
0
0
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

17
24
27
18
16
18
19
19
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
2,177.28
13
1404
8
3,756.15
8
999
2.5
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
31.5
Factor(W/m-C)
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

24
31
34
25
23
25
26
26
47
2,116.04
0
0
-
1,639.76
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
19.4
50.32
89
89
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
4.50
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
1,415.23
748.8
2,003.28
999.0

4.91
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
2008.63
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
1305.61
Factor
70
89
Temp Diff (C)
W
1050
1243
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
15
14
W
1050
1243
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
15493.82
11135.58

929.63
16423.45
668.13
11803.72

Bypass
Factor
4.91
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
15
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
61
W
3957.81
W
675
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
5542.40
W
675
0
0
0
231.64
4864.45
310.87
6528.27
21287.90
18331.99
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.8
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.8
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
647.54
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
420.90

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1275.91
23211.35
1160.57
24371.92
6.96
0.77
9.60
10.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
1786.75
20539.64
1026.98
21566.63
6.16
0.64
7.5
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
11.44
70
4
74
15.00
38
4
42
D3
D3

Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.70 m2
Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m
W1
W3
Sun facing wall
Outside wall area (SE) = 5.23 3.35 5.4 2.7 9.4 m2

(6.97 3.35) 2 (5.23 3.35 2.7 2) = 58.82 m2

6.97 5.23 3.35 1

2.04 m3/min
60

Lighting heat gain for multipurpose room = 14W/m2
The details of cooling load calculations of the Alumni Relation Room are given in Table 4.17
62
Table 4.17 Cooling load sheet of Interview Room 1

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
14
City
Month
INTERVIEW ROOM 1
Time
=
5.23
CONDITION
=
6.97
DBT
Outside
=
3.35
43
Inside
=
36
23
Difference
=
122
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
2.04
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
8.1
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
422
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
408
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
0
W
875.2
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
9.4
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
262.65
0
0
-
178.71
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
8.1
59
36
36
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
2.82
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
0
W
907.20
1641
1,541.97
0
589.68
822.38
0.0

Infiltrated Air
2.04
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
832.03
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
540.82
Factor
70
36
Temp Diff (C)
W
490
510
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
7
14
W
490
510
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
6607.39
4414.99

396.44
7003.83
264.90
4679.88

Infiltrated Air
2
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1
7
Factor
50000
Factor
45
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
W
1639.43
W
315
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
2295.82
W
315
0
0
0

97.72
2052.15
130.54
2741.36
9055.98
7421.24
63
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
0.73
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
0.73
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
262.28
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
170.48
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
723.70

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
0.0161
W
516.79
9835.05
491.75
10326.80
2.95
0.77
9.00
10.00
8315.42
415.77
8731.19
2.49
0.63
7.5
8.00
11.44
30
1
31
15.00
15
2
17

Safety factor (5%)
D3
D3

Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.70 m2
W1
W3
Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m2

Sun facing wall

(6.97 3.35) 2 (9.07 3.35 2.7 2) = 71.68 m2

6.97 9.07 3.35 1

3.53 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Interview Room 2 are given in Table 4.18
64
Table 4.18 Cooling load sheet of Interview Room 2

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
15
City
Month
INTERVIEW ROOM 2
Time
=
9.07
CONDITION
=
6.97
DBT
Outside
=
3.35
43
Inside
=
63
23
Difference
=
212
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
3.53
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
8.1
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
422
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
408
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
907.20
13
2000
8
2,674.12
8
0
0
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
22.3
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
622.53
0
0
-
423.57
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
8.1
72
63
63
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
2.82
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
0
589.68
1066.6
1,426.20
0.0

Infiltrated Air
3.53
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1442.93
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
937.90
Factor
70
63
Temp Diff (C)
W
1050
885
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
15
14
W
1050
885
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
10003.82
6786.81

600.23
10604.05
407.21
7194.02

Infiltrated Air
3.53
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1
15
Factor
50000
Factor
45
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
W
2843.15
W
675
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
3981.46
W
675
0
0
0

175.91
3694.05
232.82
4889.29
14298.10
12083.31
65
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.26
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.26
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
454.85
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
295.65

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
896.23
15649.17
782.46
16431.63
4.69
0.74
9.00
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
1255.05
13634.01
681.70
14315.71
4.09
0.60
7
7.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
42
2
44
16.00
22
2
24
4.6.16 Cooling load calculation of Seminar Room

D2
D2

W2
W1
Sun facing
Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.7 m2
W4
wall
Area of glass (W2) = 2.4 1.8 4.32 m2

W2
Area of glass (W4) = 3.6 1.8 6.48 m2

W1
D2
Outside wall area (NE) = 6.97 3.35 23.35 m2

Partition wall areas (SW, NW, SE) =
(6.97 3.35 6.48) [(12.53 3.35) (2.7 4.32 3.24 2)] 2 = 73.82 m2
12.27 6.97 3.35 1

4.88 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Seminar Room are given in Table 4.19
66
D2
Table 4.19 Cooling load sheet of Seminar Room

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
16
City
Month
SEMINAR ROOM
Time
=
12.53
CONDITION
=
6.97
DBT
Outside
=
3.35
43
Inside
=
87
23
Difference
=
293
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
4.88
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

17
24
27
18
16
18
19
19
40
1,568.56
0
0
W
2,298.24
2060
3,694.23
0
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
0
W
1098.4
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
23.4
Factor(W/m-C)
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

24
31
34
25
23
25
26
26
47
1,215.51
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
20.5
74
87
87
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
2.82
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
0
1,493.86
1,970.26
0.0

4.88
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1993.37
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
1295.69
Factor
70
87
Temp Diff (C)
W
2100
1223
0
625
Temp Diff (C)
30
14
W
2100
1223
0
625
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (W)
Equipment (W)
625.0
15561.66
11021.43

933.70
16495.36
661.29
11682.72

Bypass
Factor
4.88
1
50000
ITEM
Factor
No. Of People
30
45
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
67
W
3927.74
W
1350
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
5500.30
W
1350
0
0
0
263.89
5541.63
342.52
7192.82
22036.99
18875.53
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
1.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
1.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
615.16
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
399.86

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1212.12
23864.27
1193.21
25057.48
7.16
0.75
9.00
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
1697.41
20972.80
1048.64
22021.44
6.29
0.62
8
8.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
66
3
69
15.00
38
4
42
4.6.17 Cooling load calculation of Central Design Office

W
Sun facing wall
W3

Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m2
W3
W3
W3
Sun facing wall
Sun
facing
W3
W3
W3
W3
Outside wall area (NE) = 20.09 3.32 5.4 3 50.5 m2
wall
Outside wall area (SW) = 20.09 3.32 5.4 3 50.5 m2

Outside wall area (NW) = 14.17 3.32 5.4 2 36.24 m2
Partition wall areas (SE) = 14.17 3.32 4.05 = 43 m2
Now the amount of infiltrated air through windows and walls is S
14.17 20.09 3.32 1
15.75 m3/min
60
D4

The details of cooling load calculations of the Central Design Office are given in Table 4.20
68
Table 4.20 Cooling load sheet of Central Design Office

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
17
City
Month
CENTRAL DESIGN OFFICE
Time
=
14.17
CONDITION
=
20.09
DBT
Outside
=
3.32
43
Inside
=
285
23
Difference
=
945
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.50
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
23.63
SUMMER
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
16.2
16.2
10.8
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
1109
0
0
0
3136
0
2674
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
1096
0
0
0
3029
0
2642
Temp Diff (C)

16
24
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
3,381.48
1,411.03
0
1034
W
4,838.40
1200
12,041.77
2007
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
2.5
2007.0
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
50.5
50.5
36.2
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
2.16
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
31
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
2,617.92
960.07
0
797
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
43.2
43
285
285
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
2.82
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
W
3,144.96
639.8
6,422.27

Infiltrated Air
23.63
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
9659.15
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
6278.45
Factor
70
285
Temp Diff (C)
W
1750
3416
0
3125
Temp Diff (C)
25
12
W
1750
3416
0
3125
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
3125.0
50783.08
37926.01

3046.98
53830.06
2275.56
40201.57

Infiltrated Air
23.63
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1

1007.87
21165.26
W
26652.44
W
1125
0
0
0
1388.87
29166.31
74995.32
69367.88
25
Factor
50000
Factor
45
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
69
W
19032.39
W
1125
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
5.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
5.7
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
2048.20
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
1331.33

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
4035.78
81079.31
4053.97
85133.28
24.32
0.72
10.00
10.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
5651.60
76350.81
3817.54
80168.35
22.91
0.58
7
7.00

Safety factor (5%)
11.44
230
12
242
16.00
123
12
135
4.6.18 Cooling load calculation of Auditorium
Length of the Auditorium = 20 m

Width of the Auditorium = 25 m
Average height of the Auditorium = 3.32 m
D4
D4

D4
Partition wall area (NE) = 185.85 3 5.4 169.65 m
D4
Partition wall area (SW) = 185.85 3 5.4 169.65 m2

Partition wall area (NW) = 9 20 2 2.43 = 175.14 m2
D4
D4
Partition wall area (SE) = 4.65 20 = 93 m2

Now the amount of infiltrated air through windows and walls is S
20 25 7.55 0.5
34.955 m3/min
60

Total ventilation required = 0.05 500 25 m3/min
Occupant heat gain for Auditorium: - SHG = 65 W/person and LHG = 30 W/person
The details of cooling load calculations of the Auditorium are given in Table 4.21
70
Table 4.21 Cooling load sheet of Auditorium

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
18
TIIR BUILDING COOLING LOAD CALCULATION
AUDITORIUM
=
20.00
=
25.00
=
7.55
=
500
=
3775
= 0.12
CONDITION
Outside
Inside
Difference
Area
City
Month
Time
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 0.50
DBT
43
23
20
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
31.5
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
Temp Diff (C)

13
8
8
2.5
W
9038.7
11,280.00
3525.0
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
W
0
0
-
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
607
500
500
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
2.82
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
2.5
W
16948
21,150.00
3525

Infiltrated Air
31.5
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
12860.17
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
8359.11
Factor
65
500
Temp Diff (C)
W
26000
5000
0
10000
Temp Diff (C)
400
10
W
26000
5000
0
10000
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
10000.0
95482.74
73202.82

5728.96
101211.71
4392.17
77594.98

Infiltrated Air
31.5
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1

1866.98
39206.67
W
35485.00
W
12000
0
0
0
2374.25
49859.25
140418.38
127454.23
400
Factor
50000
Factor
30
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
71
W
25339.69
W
12000
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
25.0
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
25.0
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
8993.60
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
5845.84

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
17721.00
167132.98
8356.65
175489.63
50.14
0.72
9.00
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
24816.00
158116.07
7905.80
166021.88
47.43
0.61
7
7.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
402
20
422
4.6.19 Cooling load calculation of Library facilities
16.00
237
24
261
D3
D3

Area of glass (W1) = 1.5 1.8 2.70 m2
W1
W3
Area of glass (W3) = 3.0 1.8 5.40 m2

S
Sun facing wall

(6.87 3.35) 2 (9.07 3.35 2.7 2) = 71.01 m2

6.87 9.07 3.35 1

3.48 m3/min
60

The details of cooling load calculations of the Library facilities are given in Table 4.22
72
Table 4.22 Cooling load sheet of Library Facilities

:
Job No.
:
Project
:
Space
:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Area
(m 2 )
Volume (m 3 )
BPF
Area
19
City
Month
LIBRARY FACILITIES
Time
=
9.07
CONDITION
=
6.87
DBT
Outside
=
3.35
43
Inside
=
62
23
Difference
=
209
20
= 0.12
:
:
:
NIT ROURKELA
Rourkela / Odisha
Summer
WBT
%RH kg/kg
32
46 0.0248
16
50 0.00866
0.0161
= 1.00
DBT
36
23
13
WBT
33
16
Monsoon
%RH
84
50
kg/kg
0.03122
0.00866
0.0226
SUMMER
3.48
Monsoon

Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Item
(N)
(N-E)
(E)
(S-E)
(S)
(S-W)
(W)
(N-W)
Area (sq. m)
Factor
0.48
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.47
8.1
W/m
129
527
631
372
129
372
631
527
W
0
0
0
422
0
0
0
0
W/m
136
521
618
360
129
360
618
521
W
0
0
0
408
0
0
0
0
Temp Diff (C)

16
21
21
18
13
18
21
21
40
W
Temp Diff (C)
907.20
13
1981
8
2,635.75
8
0
0
Item
Wall (N)
Wall (N-E)
Wall (E)
Wall (S-E)
Wall (S)
Wall (S-W)
Wall (W)
Wall (W-N)
Roof Sun
Area (sq. m)
22.3
Factor(W/m-C)
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
4.16
Temp Diff (C)

23
27
28
26
22
26
28
27
47
622.53
0
0
-
423.57
0
0
-

Item
Area (sq. m)
8.1
71
62
62
All Glass
Partition 1
Ceiling
Floor
Factor(W/m-C)
5.60
1.86
2.82
2.82
Temp Diff (C)

20
15
15
0
589.68
1056.5
1,405.73
0.0

Infiltrated Air
3.48
Bypass
1
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
1422.23
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
924.45
Factor
70
62
Temp Diff (C)
W
2100
810
0
0
Temp Diff (C)
30
13
W
2100
810
0
0
INTERNAL GAIN
Item
People
Lights(W/m2)
Motor (KW)
Equipment (KW)
10900.77
7717.77

654.05
11554.81
463.07
8180.83

Infiltrated Air
3.48
ITEM
No. Of People
Steam
Appliances
Vapour Trans
Bypass
1
30
Factor
50000
Factor
45
Diff kg/kg
0.01611
Diff kg/kg
W
2802.35
W
1350
0
0
0
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
Diff kg/kg
W
3924.34
W
1350
0
0
0

207.62
4359.97
263.72
5538.06
15914.79
13718.89
73
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT:

Outside Air
2.49
1 - BPF
0.88
Outside Air
2.49
1 - BPF
0.88
Factor
20.44
Temp Diff (C)

20
W
896.64
Temp Diff (C)

13
W
582.82

Factor
50000
SUBTOTAL :
GRAND TOTAL :
TONS = {(W)/3500} :
INDICATED ADP :
SELECTED ADP :
Diff kg/kg
W
0.0161
1766.74
18578.16
928.91
19507.07
5.57
0.73
9.00
9.00
Diff kg/kg
0.0226
W
2474.09
16775.80
838.79
17614.59
5.03
0.60
7
7.00

Safety factor (5%)
12.32
46
2
48
74
16.00
25
3
28
CHAPTER 5
Result and Discussion
The maximum cooling loads, sensible heat ratios and total dehumidify air quantities of the
sample building (TIIR building) calculated using cooling load temperature difference (CLTD)
method. In TIIR building there are total 19 rooms of four floors where air conditioning is
required including auditorium, lecture rooms, meeting rooms, library etc. Each one of them is
treated as separate system. The cooling load details for all rooms are given in Table 5.1 at
summer (month of May) and in Table 5.2 at monsoon (month of July).
Table 5.1 Total cooling loads, SHR and total dehumidify air quantities for TIIR building at
summer.
Room Name
Total load
(Tons)
SHR
120 seat lecture room 1
Area of
Room
(m2)
122.85
12.39
0.70
Total Dehumidify
air quantities
(m3/min)
113
Direct TIIR
24.53
2.11
0.78
21
Admin office
36.21
3.03
0.78
32
Placement office
20.40
1.99
0.80
22
IPR office
36.21
2.93
0.78
32
Professors room
24.53
2.26
0.79
25
122.86
12.39
0.70
113
Office room
85.52
6.96
0.78
69
Meeting room
85.52
6.77
0.77
66
Library
45.00
4.53
0.79
43
Dining
67.40
5.85
0.77
63
Alumni relation room
48.58
4.68
0.81
53
Alumni visitors room
88.80
6.96
0.77
74
Interview room 1
36.45
2.95
0.77
31
Interview room 2
63.21
4.69
0.74
44
Seminar room
87.33
7.16
0.75
69
Central design office
284.68
24.69
0.72
247
75
Auditorium
500.00
50.12
0.72
422
Library facilities
62.31
5.57
0.73
48
Total
1842.39
168.03
Avg =
1587
0.76
monsoon.
Total load
(Tons)
SHR
Area of
Room
(m2)
122.85
11.44
0.60
Total Dehumidify
air quantities
(m3/min)
71
Direct TIIR
24.53
1.95
0.68
14
Admin office
36.21
2.60
0.65
17
Placement office
20.40
1.67
0.67
12
IPR office
36.21
2.49
0.65
17
Professors room
24.53
1.91
0.66
14
122.86
11.44
0.60
71
Office room
85.52
6.10
0.65
42
Meeting room
85.52
5.91
0.63
40
Library
45.00
4.01
0.67
27
Dining
67.40
5.21
0.66
37
48.58
4.12
0.71
32
88.80
6.16
0.64
42
Interview room 1
36.45
2.49
0.63
17
Interview room 2
63.21
4.09
0.60
24
Seminar room
87.33
6.29
0.62
42
284.68
23.17
0.58
138
Auditorium
500.00
47.43
0.61
261
Library facilities
62.31
5.03
0.60
28
Total
1842.39
153.51
Avg =
946
Room Name
0.637
76
The maximum cooling loads, sensible heat ratios and total dehumidify air quantities of the
sample building (TIIR building) calculated with help of CARRIER program used by Blue Star
India Ltd. The cooling load detail for TIIR building by CARRIER program is given in Table 5.3
for summer and in Table 5.4 for monsoon.
summer by CARRIER program.
Room Name
Total load
(Tons)
SHR
Area of
Room
(m2)
122.85
13.45
0.63
Total Dehumidify
air quantities
(m3/min)
98
Direct TIIR
24.53
2.561
0.69
19
Admin office
36.21
3.53
0.75
33
Placement office
20.40
2.17
0.72
17
IPR office
36.21
3.21
0.72
25
Professors room
24.53
2.33
0.72
19
122.86
13.45
0.63
98
Office room
85.52
7.33
0.72
57
Meeting room
85.52
7.28
0.71
56
Library
45.00
4.87
0.76
38
Dining
67.40
5.45
0.70
63
48.58
4.98
0.77
39
88.80
7.68
0.71
64
Interview room 1
36.45
3.40
0.74
28
Interview room 2
63.21
5.59
0.71
44
Seminar room
87.33
8.02
0.70
58
284.68
30.21
0.67
207
Auditorium
500.00
52.34
0.64
352
Library facilities
62.31
5.87
0.70
48
Total
1842.39
183.72
Avg =
1362
0.704737
77
monsoon by CARRIER program.
Total load
(Tons)
SHR
Area of
Room
(m2)
122.85
13.19
0.54
Total Dehumidify
air quantities
(m3/min)
68
Direct TIIR
24.53
2.48
0.58
12
Admin office
36.21
3.28
0.62
21
Placement office
20.40
2.05
0.61
IPR office
36.21
3.04
0.59
15
Professors room
24.53
2.20
0.60
10
122.86
13.19
0.54
68
Office room
85.52
6.97
0.58
34
Meeting room
85.52
6.97
0.58
37
Library
45.00
4.62
0.66
29
Dining
67.40
5.21
0.66
37
48.58
4.98
0.66
28
88.80
7.40
0.58
34
Interview room 1
36.45
3.19
0.61
18
Interview room 2
63.21
5.37
0.59
29
Seminar room
87.33
7.78
0.58
36
284.68
28.16
0.55
138
Auditorium
500.00
52.00
0.55
236
Library facilities
62.31
5.03
0.60
28
Total
1842.39
177.11
Avg =
0.594
886
Room Name
The result shows that when using CLTD method, the total cooling load of TIIR building is
168.03 tons for summer and 153.53 tons for monsoon. The average sensible heat ratio of the
TIIR building is 0.76 for summer and 0.637 for monsoon. It shows that the cooling load
calculation is properly done with well accounted of latent heat came from the people and
78
infiltration, especially in humid weather. The total dehumidifies air of TIIR building is 1587
m3/min for summer and 946 m3/min for monsoon.
According to CARRIER program the total cooling load of TIIR building is 183.72 tons for
summer and 177.11 tons for monsoon. The total average SHR come from CARRIER program
method is 0.70 for summer and 0.59 for monsoon. The total dehumidifies air of TIIR building is
1362 m3/min for summer and 886 m3/min for monsoon.
5.1 Variation of results
The variation of heat gain between results obtained from two different i.e. CLTD method and
CARRIER program methods are shown in Fig-5.1. It shows that there are little different between
two methods and result are satisfactory as ASHRAE standards.
Comparison of heat gain between CLTD and

CARRIER program method in summer
Comparison of heat gain between CLTD and

CARRIER program method in monsoon
800
800
KW
600
CLTD method
CLTD method
600
CARRIER program method
400
400
200
200
Total
Sensible
Heat
Total Latent Total Heat Grand Total

Heat
Gain
Heat Gain
CARRIER program method
Total
Sensible
Heat Gain
Total Latent Total Heat Grand Total

Heat Gain
Gain
Heat Gain
Fig:-5.1 Variation of heat gain between CLTD and CARRIER program method for summer and monsoon
conditions.
79
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
In this study, a multi-story building an integrated part of a research institution located in
Rourkela was considered for calculating cooling loads. Cooling load temperature difference
(CLTD) method was used to find the cooling load for summer (month of May) and monsoon
(month of July).
Cooling load items such as, people, light, infiltration and ventilation can easily be putted to the
MS-Excel program. The program can also be used to calculate cooling load due to walls and
roofs.
The results show that the total cooling load for the AC required rooms is 168.03 tons for
summer (month of May) and for monsoon (month of July) total cooling load is 153.53
tons. The m2/ton for the TIIR building is about 10.9 m2/ton for summer and 12 m2/ton for
monsoon, which is approximately same, comparing with the standard value about 10
m2/ton.
The average sensible heat ratio of the building is 0.76 for summer and 0.637 for
monsoon. It shows that the cooling load calculation is properly done with well accounted
of latent heat came from the people and infiltration, especially in humid weather.
The total dehumidify air of TIIR building is 1587 m3/min for summer and 946 m3/min for
winter, for any office building the dehumidify air/m2 area should have in the range of
0.75 to 0.91 cmm for summer and 0.5 to 65 cmm for monsoon and the dehumidify air/m2
area of the TIIR building are 0.86 cmm for summer and 0.51cmm for monsoon.
It is also seen that in this paper cooling requirement of summer is about 9 % more as
compare to monsoon for climate condition of Rourkela.
These all factors show that the cooling load calculation of TIIR building is satisfactory.
80
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83

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Cooling Load Estimation for a Multi-story

SANDIP KUMAR SAHU

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Cooling Load Estimation for a Multi-story

SANDIP KUMAR SAHU

Under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SANDIP KUMAR SAHU

Keywords:- CLTD, Cooling Load, Air conditioning, Human comfortness.

1.3.1. HVAC system design

1.3.2. Cooling load calculation

1.4. Human comfort

1.4.1. Heat exchange of human body with environment

1.4.1.1. Convection heat loss

1.4.1.2. Radiation heat loss

1.4.1.3. Evaporation heat loss

1.5. Effective temperature

1.5.1 Factor governing optimum effective temperature

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY

3.1. Basic Information

3.1.1 Building Location

3.1.2 Climate condition

3.1.3. Building Structures

3.2. Load Components

3.2.1. External and Internal heat gains

3.2.1.1.1. Overall heat transfer coefficient

3.2.1.1.2. Surface area

3.2.1.1.3. Cooling load temperature difference (CLTD)

3.2.1.2. Heat Gain through Glass

3.1.2.3. Heat Gain from Occupants

3.1.2.4 .Heat Gain from Lighting Equipments

3.1.2.5. Heat gain from electric Equipments

3.1.2.5.1 Heat gain from office equipments

3.1.2.6. Heat gain due to Infiltration

3.1.2.7. Heat gain due to Ventilation

3.3 Total Loads

3.3.2 Total Room Latent Heat Gain

3.3.3. Room Sensible Heat Factor

3.3.4. Total Load in tons

CHAPTER 4 THERMAL LOAD CALCULATION FOR THE TIIR BUILDING

4.1 Heat Transfer Analysis

4.2 Design condition

4.3 Overall heat transfer coefficient calculation

4.4 Calculation of Cooling Load Temperature Difference

4.5 Calculation of heat transfer area

4.5.1 Dimension of the doors and windows

4.6 Total Cooling Load Calculations

4.6.2 Cooling load calculation of the Direct TIIR Room

4.6.3 Cooling load calculation of the Admin Office

4.6.4 Cooling load calculation of the Placement Office

4.6.5 Cooling load calculation of the IPR Office

4.6.6 Cooling load calculation of Professors room

4.6.7 Cooling load calculation of 120 Seated Lecture Room 2

4.6.8 Cooling load calculation of Office Room

4.6.9 Cooling load calculation of Meeting Room