Physics

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Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 1

I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
( Common to Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical
Engineering, Mechatronics, Metallurgy & Material Technology, Production
www.andhracolleges.com
Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Differentiate between interference and diffraction.

(b) Explain Rayliegh’s criterion for resolving power of a telescope.
(c) A plane transmission grating having 6000 lines/cm is used to obtain a spec-
trum of light from a sodium lamp in the second order. Calculate the angular
separation between two sodium lines D1 and D2 of wavelengths 5890 A.U. and
5896 A.U. [6+6+4]
2. (a) Discuss the various methods by which polarized light can be produced.
(b) A beam of linearly polarized light is changed into circularly polarized by pass-
ing it through a 30 µm thick birefringent crystal. Assuming its thickness is
minimum and for a light of wavelength 589.3 nm incident on it normally, find
the difference of refractive indices of the ordinary and extra-ordinary rays.
[10+6]
3. (a) Explain the dependence of super-conducting state of a metal on temperature
and strength of the magnetic field in which the metal is placed.
(b) Write a note on Meissner effect.
(c) What are Cooper pairs? [6+6+4]
4. (a) With necessary theory and energy level diagram, explain the working of a
Helium-Neon gas laser.
(b) Mention some important applications of lasers. [10+6]
5. (a) Write notes on:

i. fibre materials
ii. light sources for fibre optics
iii. photo-detectors for fibre optics.
(b) Explain the terms
i. numerical aperture and
ii. acceptance angle of a fibre.
Derive expressions for them. [6+10]
6. (a) Explain with suitable example the ferromagnetic materials.

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(b) What are the applications of ferromagnetic materials.
(c) Explain the soft and hard magnetic materials. [6+4+6]
7. (a) Draw the (112) and (120) planes, and the [112] and [120] directions of a simple
cubic crystal.
(b) Derive an expression for the inter-planar spacing in the case of a cubic struc-
ture.
(c) Calculate the glancing angle at (110) plane of a cubic crystal having axial
length 0.26 nm corresponding to the second order diffraction maximum for
the X-rays of wavelength 0.065 nm. [4+8+4]
8. (a) Distinguish between Frenkel and Schottkey defects.

(b) Derive an expression for the energy change due to creation of vacancies inside
a solid. [8+8]
?????
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ENGINEERING PHYSICS
?????
1. (a) Explain the principle of superposition of waves.

(b) Explain the phenomenon of interference.
(c) With relevant diagram explain Young’s experiment on the basis of wave theory.
[4+4+8]
2. (a) Write notes on:

i. Piezo-electric effect and
ii. Magnetostriction effect.
(b) Describe with a neat circuit diagram to produce ultrasonics by piezo-electric
effect. [8+8]
3. (a) Describe Josephson effects and their applications.

(b) Write a note on flux quantization.
(c) The London penetration depths for lead at temperatures 3 K and 7.1 K are
respectively 39.6 nm and 173 nm. Calculate its transition temperature as well
as depth at 0 K. [6+4+6]
4. (a) Describe the principle, construction and working of a semiconductor laser.

(b) Write the applications of laser. [10+6]
5. (a) Explain the terms ‘numerical aperture’ and ‘acceptance angle’.

(b) With the help of a suitable diagram explain the principle, construction and
working of an optical fibre as a wave guide.
(c) An optical fibre has a core material of refractive index of 1.55 and cladding
material of refractive index 1.50. The light is launched into it in air. Calculate
its numerical aperture. [6+6+4]
6. (a) Explain clearly the difference between hard and soft magnetic materials. What
are mixed ferrites? Mention their uses.
(b) How ferrites are superior to ferromagnetic materials? [10+6]
7. (a) State and explain Bragg’s law.

(b) Describe with suitable diagram, the powder method for determination of crys-
tal structure.
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(c) A beam of X-rays of wavelength 0.071 nm is diffracted by (110) plane of rock
salt with lattice constant of 0.28 nm. Find the glancing angle for the second
order diffraction. [6+6+4]
8. (a) Write in detail the different kinds of crystal imperfections.
(b) Explain the significance of Burgers vector. [10+6]
?????
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ENGINEERING PHYSICS
?????
1. (a) How the fringes are obtained in diffraction and why they are unequally spaced?
(b) Give the theory of Fraunhofer diffraction due to a double slit and compare the
results obtained with that due to single slit. [6+10]
2. (a) Discuss the various methods by which polarized light can be produced.
(b) A beam of linearly polarized light is changed into circularly polarized by pass-
ing it through a 30 µm thick birefringent crystal. Assuming its thickness is
minimum and for a light of wavelength 589.3 nm incident on it normally, find
the difference of refractive indices of the ordinary and extra-ordinary rays.
[10+6]
3. (a) What are DC and AC Josephson effects?

(b) What is a SQUID? Explain its functioning.
(c) Write any three applications of superconductivity. [8+5+3]
4. (a) Explain the terms
i. absorption,
ii. spontaneous emission
iii. stimulated emission
iv. population inversion, relating to laser.
(b) Describe the principle of lasing action.
(c) Mention the important characteristics of laser beam. [8+4+4]
5. (a) Describe the construction of a typical optical fibre and give the dimensions of
the various parts.
(b) Define the acceptance angle and numerical aperture. Obtain an expression for
the numerical aperture of an optical fibre.
(c) Calculate the numerical aperture and acceptance angle for an optical fibre with
core and cladding refractive indices being 1.48 and 1.45 respectively. [4+8+4]
6. (a) Discuss the spin arrangements in ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic

materials.
(b) How does an anti-ferromagnetic substance differ from diamagnetic substance?
[10+6]
1 of 2

7. (a) State and explain Bragg’s law.
(b) Describe with suitable diagram, the powder method for determination of crys-
tal structure.
(c) A beam of X-rays of wavelength 0.071 nm is diffracted by (110) plane of rock
salt with lattice constant of 0.28 nm. Find the glancing angle for the second
order diffraction. [6+6+4]
8. (a) Explain the various point defects in a crystal.

(b) Obtain the expression for the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in a solid
at a given temperature. [8+8]
?????
2 of 2

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
?????
1. (a) State the conditions for interference in Young’s double slit experiment.
(b) Show that the fringe width of bright and dark fringes in Young’s experiment
is same.
(c) A light of wavelength 5500 A.U. is incident on a double slit. The overall
separation of 5 fringes is 0.01 mm on the screen, which is 2 m away from the
slit. Find the slit separation and fringe width. [4+8+4]
2. (a) Explain the following:

i. Polarized light
ii. Double refraction .
(b) Calculate the thickness of a quarter wave plate for a monochromatic light of
wavelength 600 nm, if the refractive indices of ordinary and extra-ordinary
rays in the medium are 1.5442 and 1.5533 respectively. [10+6]
3. (a) Explain the various factors affecting the architectural acoustics and their reme-
dies.
(b) The volume of a room is 600 m3 . The wall area of the room is 220 m2 , the floor
area is 120 m2 and the ceiling area is 120 m2 . The average sound absorption
coefficient
i. for walls is 0.03,
ii. for ceiling is 0.80, and
iii. for floor is 0.06.
Calculate the average sound absorption coefficient and reverberation time.
[10+6]
4. (a) Explain the following typical characteristics of laser:

i. coherence
ii. divergence and
iii. monochromaticity.
(b) Explain the principle and working of a Ruby laser. [6+10]
5. (a) Derive expressions for the numerical aperture and the fractional index change
of an optical fibre.
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(b) Write a note on the applications of optical fibres.
(c) Calculate the fractional index change for a given optical fibre if the refractive
indices of the core and the cladding are 1.563 and 1.498 respectively.[8+4+4]
6. (a) Define crystal lattice, unit cell, lattice parameter and co-ordination number.
(b) Consider a Body Centered Cubic lattice of identical atoms having radius R.
Compute
i. the number of atoms per unit cell
ii. the co-ordination number and
iii. the packing fraction. [8+8]
7. (a) What are Miller indices? Explain.

(b) Derive an expression for the interplanar spacing between two adjacent planes
of Miller indices (h k l) in a cubic lattice of edge length ‘a’.
(c) Calculate the interplanar spacing for (321) planes in a simple cubic crystal
whose lattice constant is 4.2 A.U. [4+8+4]
8. (a) Give an account on the effects of dislocations on the properties of solids.

(b) Explain the significance of Burgers vector. [10+6]
?????
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Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 1

1. (a) Differentiate between interference and diffraction.

5. (a) Write notes on:

6. (a) Explain with suitable example the ferromagnetic materials.

Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 1

8. (a) Distinguish between Frenkel and Schottkey defects.

Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 2

1. (a) Explain the principle of superposition of waves.

2. (a) Write notes on:

3. (a) Describe Josephson effects and their applications.

4. (a) Describe the principle, construction and working of a semiconductor laser.

5. (a) Explain the terms ‘numerical aperture’ and ‘acceptance angle’.

7. (a) State and explain Bragg’s law.

Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 2

8. (a) Write in detail the different kinds of crystal imperfections.

Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 3

3. (a) What are DC and AC Josephson effects?

6. (a) Discuss the spin arrangements in ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic

Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 3

8. (a) Explain the various point defects in a crystal.

Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 4

2. (a) Explain the following:

4. (a) Explain the following typical characteristics of laser:

Code No: Z0103/R05 Set No. 4

7. (a) What are Miller indices? Explain.

8. (a) Give an account on the effects of dislocations on the properties of solids.

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