DPWH Spa2007 03
DPWH Spa2007 03
DPWH Spa2007 03
GOVERNMENTS BRIDGE
PROGRAM
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines
Telephone Nos.: 931-9235, 931-74-55
June 3, 2008
Honorable Hermogenes E. Ebdane, Jr.
Secretary
Department of Public Works and Highways
Port Area, Manila
Sir:
We are pleased to transmit the report on the sectoral performance
audit of the Governments Bridge Program. The audit was conducted pursuant
to MS/TS Office Order Nos. 2006-042 and 042A dated September 22, 2006
and March 22, 2007, respectively, and Joint MS/TS and NGS Office Order
Nos. 2006-042B and 2007-037 and 2006-042C and 2007-052 dated May 28
and September 3, 2007, respectively. The results of the audit were transmitted
to that Office for comments on March 4, 2008. Your comments were
incorporated in the report, where appropriate.
The audit was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the
governments bridge program in ensuring the provision of essential bridges
that will spur economic activities and induce socio-economic growth and
development taking into consideration project selection and process of
implementation. The audit covered the review of selected bridge projects
implemented during CYs 2002 to 2006 by the DPWH and Presidents Bridge
Program implemented by the DILG.
We look forward to the implementation of the audit recommendations
and we would appreciate being informed of the actions taken thereon within
one month from receipt thereof.
We acknowledge the cooperation and assistance extended to the team
by the officials and employees of that Department.
SUSAN P. GARCIA
Director IV
Contents
Part I
Page
Executive Summary
Introduction 2
Audit Objective 2
Audit Scope and Methodology 3
Audit Conclusion 4
Managements Reaction to Audit Observations
Recommendations 6
Part II
Part III
21
Audit Observations
Chapter 1
25
26
Introduction 27
Observation
27
Managements Comments and
Teams Rejoinder 33
Chapter 2
37
Contents
Page
Chapter 3
Cost Effectiveness
62
Introduction 63
Observations
64, 67, 77, 79, 83, 87
Managements Comments and
Teams Rejoinder 76, 85
Chapter 4
90
Introduction 91
Observations
91, 114
Managements Comments and
Teams Rejoinder 113, 123
Part IV
Recommendations
124
Part I
Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
One of the strategies of the government to strengthen national economy and
improve the life of every Filipino is the provision of infrastructure facilities and
services deemed responsive to the needs of the people. Studies show that
investment in infrastructure does not only ensure growth but also contributes to
the realization of the economic potentials of the country.
Among the infrastructure development efforts of the government are
construction and rehabilitation of bridges. Bridges are considered vital
instruments to mainstream remote communities and provide the needed
services.
They are vital links that facilitate trade, commerce, and
communications and accelerate investments both in countryside and urban
areas.
The governments bridge projects are implemented by the Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH), Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG) and concerned local government units (LGUs). These are
funded either from foreign loans or from the regular budgets of the concerned
implementing agencies. As reported, there were 7,726 national bridges as of
July 2007 and 9,190 local bridges as early as August 1998. No recent inventory
data on local bridges were made available to the team.
AUDIT OBJECTIVE
The audit was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the governments bridge
program in ensuring the provision of essential bridges that will spur economic
activities and induce socio-economic growth and development taking into
consideration project selection and implementation process.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Well-coordinated and
organized bridge
projects
Presence
of
an
organized
implementation plan being adopted
and/or considered by all implementing
government agencies.
Compliance with
selection criteria
Cost effectiveness
of projects
Effective quality
assurance
Projects
implemented
are
in
accordance with the approved plans
and
specifications,
works
are
adequately supervised and monitored
and noted deficiencies corrected before
acceptance.
To achieve the audit objective, the team adopted, among others, the following
audit techniques:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The audit was conducted from April 12 to December 28, 2007 in compliance
with MS/TS Office Order Nos. 2006-042 and 042A dated September 22, 2006
and March 22, 2007, respectively, and Joint MS/TS and NGS Office Order
Nos. 2006-042B and 2007-037 and 2006-042C and 2007-052 dated May 28 and
September 3, 2007, respectively.
AUDIT CONCLUSION
While criteria for selection of bridges were established, the same were not
strictly observed. Bridging materials were issued without assessing the
readiness of the project sites and the implementing agencies. As a result, a
number of bridges with bridging materials released to the proponent agencies
as early as CY 2002 remained uninstalled due to, among others, lack of funds
4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
and right-of-way problems. Some of these materials were found at the project
sites covered with bushes or embedded on the ground.
There were also ten (10) bridges constructed outside the projects coverage
area of which three (3) remained closed to traffic despite completion in
December 2004 and February 2006 due to the road right-of-way problems.
Construction of a number of double lane bridges was also prioritized in places
with basically no road links or with mere single lane roads over other bridges
needing urgent replacement. These bridges then were also not being fully
utilized as the volume of traffic was minimal.
The quality of the constructed bridges, the substructure in particular, was not
also assured. While the projects were relatively new, substructures of 95 out
of the 547 bridges inspected were found to be deficient or of poor
workmanship. This is manifested in the presence of cracks and settlement of
approach slabs, slope protection and wing walls, among others. The installed
superstructures in the 43 steel bridges were also not being maintained with
presence of corrosions in different bridge parts. These deficiencies and
conditions would lessen the useful lives of these bridges and compromise the
safety of the users.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The team forwarded the draft audit report to DPWH and DILG on March 4,
2008 for comments. The concerned PMOs of the DPWH and the DILG
generally concurred with the teams observations and recommendations and
provided justifications and explanations on the audit issues raised.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Considering that the construction and rehabilitation of bridges is a continuing
program of the government, the team recommended measures under Part IV of
the report to address the deficiencies noted in the implementation process.
In general, the team recommends the creation of a unit that shall coordinate and
oversee the implementation of all bridge programs. Such office will be
responsible for maintaining an updated masterlist/masterplan of bridges for the
guidance/use of all implementing agencies; monitoring compliance with the
construction specifications, selection criteria and maintenance requirements;
reassessing the existing policy requiring counterpart from the LGUs; and
initiating the formulation of rules and regulations applicable to foreign assisted
projects, among others.
In the absence of an overall program coordinator, the team recommends that
DPWH and DILG should undertake such activities in close coordination with
one another. In addition, these agencies should install control mechanisms
that would ensure the prioritization of bridges most needed, and timely and
cost effective implementation. It is further recommended that these agencies
should conduct an inventory of all available bridging materials to account for
the missing parts and identify sources of available materials needed to complete
the construction of bridges with lacking bridging materials.
Part II
INTRODUCTION
Description/Coverage
Project
PBP Phase II AustrianAssisted
Description/Coverage
The project involved the construction of 303 (about
12,025 linear meters) local bridges in 71 provinces and
18 cities nationwide except NCR and ARMM. It also
included the construction and management of eight (8)
Regional Bridge Depots and training of national and
local engineers in the field of steel bridge design,
erection and maintenance. The National Government,
through the DILG, provided the bridging materials as
grant to the LGUs which undertook the detailed
engineering design and construction and shouldered all
costs relative thereto.
The total estimated project cost was P4.45 billion
consisting of P3.10 billion loan from the Austrian
Government and P1.35 billion National Government and
LGUs counterpart. The loan agreement with Austria
was accompanied with a Supply and Services Contract
with Waagner Biro Binder for the supply of the bridging
materials.
Tulay ng Pangulo sa
Barangay
(Bridges of Faith)
SZOPAD
(Bridges of Hope)
Project
Countrywide
Description/Coverage
This project involved the construction of additional 200
compact bridges nationwide and was implemented from
CYs 2002 to 2006. The project was financed from the
savings of Tulay ng Pangulo sa SZOPAD due to
currency exchange fluctuations.
Austrian-Assisted
The project involved the construction of new/total
replacement of bridges with span length of at least 30m
and above to suit the Austrian modular steel bridging
technology. It was financed from a loan amounting to
500 million ATS extended by the Austrian Government.
This financing scheme included a supply contract with
Austrian Bridges Consortium WB+MCE, Austria as the
supplier/exporter of the bridging materials.
The project was envisioned to generate about 7,455
linear meters or approximately 132 readily usable
bridges throughout the country except NCR.
Project
DPWH Locally Funded Bridge Projects
Description/Coverage
Philippine-Japan Friendship
Highway Project (PJHL)
11
INVENTORY OF BRIDGES
On the other hand, a survey conducted by the DILG in 1998 disclosed that
there were 9,190 local bridges with an aggregate length of 204,213 lineal
meters. The survey covered 79 provinces and 1,476 cities and municipalities
in 15 regions, except NCR, and excluded the 218 local bridges covered in
the UK-Assisted Program.
12
Bridges are classified into several categories depending on their usages and
purposes. Generally, bridges are classified by the DPWH into:
Type
National bridge
Local bridge
Description
bridge that lies along the national
arterial roads
bridge that lies on the local roads
Description
Usage
System
of
design
Types of
materials
used in the
superstructure
13
Project
Identification
Project
Preparation
14
Project
Implementation
15
Project
Operations
and
Evaluation
Replacement
Rehabilitation
Description
Temporary bridges such as
timber, bailey and overflow
bridges are converted to
permanent ones.
For permanent bridges that are
damaged or structurally unsafe
to use that need to be totally
replaced.
The required works involve
structural repair to restore a
permanent bridge to its original
configuration/design.
16
Improvement
Upgrading
Description
The
improvement
required
involves the replacement or
conversion of a permanent
bridge to a higher level of
service, e.g., replacement or
conversion of a single lane
bridge to a double lane.
In this situation, there is
presently no existing bridge.
New Construction
FUNDING SOURCE
Majority of the bridge projects are funded from foreign loans, with the
required local counterpart funds. For projects covered in the audit, the
lending institutions/government follows:
Project
Special Bridges
UK-Assisted
Austrian-Assisted
Presidents Bridge Program:
Phase I
Phase II
TPB
SZOPAD
Countrywide
Urgent Bridges
Road Projects with Bridges:
ADB Sixth Road Project
PJHL
RRNDP
Source
Standard Chartered Bank
Bank of Austria
UK
Austrian
Deutche AJ London
JBIC
ADB
JBIC
Loan Amount
25 M *
S500 M (36.34M)
32 M
P 3.1 B
19.6 B
23.89 B
4.9 B
18.488 B (P 9.4 B)
P 1.77 B
79.774 B
12.9B
17
Project Component
Construction/Installation/
Design and Supply of Steel
Bridge Structure
Procurement of vehicles, office
equipment and engineering
tools/construction of depots/
supply of special equipment
Consultancy Services/ Advisory
Services Fee/ Local Project
Management coordination
supervision, etc.
Contingencies/ Provisional
Sum Items
Soil Investigation, customized
engineering design
Pilot Bridge Const.
ECGD Finance Charge
Transportation/
Freight Services
Supply of materials local/
foreign
Training
Total Estimated Cost
0.021
S 0.345
P 2.085
16.543
13.636
0.016
0.292
2.652
1.884
0.001
0.034
0.256
1.377
0.856
0.002
0.044
0.467
0.001
0.052
0.009
-
0.652
1.010
0.025
S0.500
2.661
0.006
23.891
2.200
0.014
19.600
P 3.100
About 69% to 84.87% of the total project costs were allotted for the
design/supply and installation of imported steel bridge structures. The cost
allocated for consultancy and other related services ranged from 4.36% to
6.80% of the total project cost. In the case of Austrian-Assisted Special
Bridges Project, the costs for soil investigation and customized engineering
design reached 10.40% of the total project cost, while the cost for the supply
of other foreign and local construction materials for TPB and SZOPAD were
about 11%.
The distribution of the total costs of five projects into the different
component is graphically presented in the next page.
18
5.75
6.8
5.7
5.76
7.39
6.06
4.36
11.13
9.61
11.10
11.22
8.80
80%
10.48
104
84.87
76.38
69.0
69.57
69.24
60%
40%
20%
0%
UK-SB
AA-SB
AA-DILG
SZOPAD
TPB
Others
Consultancy Srvs./ Advisory Srvs.Fee/ Local Proj. Mgt., coordination supervision, etc.
Procurement of vehicles, office equipt. and engg. tools/const. of depots/ Supply of special equipt.
Contingencies/ Provisional Sum Items
Soil Investigation, customized engg. design
Supply of materials - local/foreign
Design/Supply/Installation of steel bridge structure
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Project
Target
- as of February 2007
No. of Bridges
Accomplishment
218
306
402
526
200
213
314
411
592
200
124
256
887
112
242
0
400
362
20
3,701
138
225
20
2,467
as of March 2007
19
To provide essential transport facilities that will spur economic activities and induce
socio-economic growth and development
Expected/
Actual
Effects
Overall
Program
Expected
Outputs
Objective/s of
Program
Components
Objective/s of
Activities
Expected/
Actual
Output/s
Program
Components
To come up with a
Master Plan/Bridge
Inventory as basis
for selection of
projects.
Master Plan/Bridge
Inventory
Activities
Legend:
Project
Identification
To implement
projects efficiently,
economically and
effectively.
Feasibility Study,
MTIP (DPWH),
Project Proposal for
Financing,
Annual Infrastructure
Program (DPWH),
Loan Agreement,
MOA
Project Preparation
Feasibility Study
Inclusion in the
MTIP and Budget
ICC Approval
IFI Appraisal
Loan Negotiations
Fund
Appropriation
Detailed Engg.
Project
Implementation
Fund Releases
Bidding and
Contracting
Construction
Completion and
Acceptance
Payment
Monitoring
To assess extent of
projects utilization
and maintenance.
Updated Inventory/
Report on the
Status/Condition of
Bridges
Project Operations
and Evaluation
Operation and
Maintenance
Impact
Evaluation
20
21
22
23
24
Part III
Audit Observations
25
Chapter 1
26
INTRODUCTION
OBSERVATION
27
2,267
25%
1,000
11%
1,713
19%
2,335
25%
Permanent ones that require no improvement in the near future
New proposals (there is presently no existing bridge structure) requiring entirely new construction
For conversion to permanent ones
Damaged/structurally unsafe requiring total replacement
For upgrading
For repair/rehabilitation
The condition of national bridges was not far behind. Under the 1999-2004
MTPDP, it was disclosed that 261,969 lm. national bridges was programmed
to be 100 percent permanent by 2004. This included, among others, the
reconstruction of 29,763 lm. of temporary bridges, improvement of 38,670
lm. and construction of 4,495 lm. new bridges.
These requirements were intended to be addressed by the governments
bridge projects, primarily under the Nationwide Bridge Rehabilitation and
Replacement Program implemented by the DPWH and the Nationwide
Local Bridges Replacement/Rehabilitation Program initiated by the DILG.
28
Thus, for several years now, these agencies were undertaking massive bridge
construction funded from local sources and foreign loans. From CY 1996 to
present, the government was implementing, among others, the following
projects:
Project Covered
Funding
Source
Project
Amount
Total
Completed On-going
For
implem
entation
DPWH-PBPO
Tulay ng Pangulo sa
Barangay
UK
19,600,000,000
28,800,000,000
402 *
526/ *
200 *
380
589
200
31
3
-
1
-
JBIC
18,488,000,000**
196
81
115
UK
Austrian
12,829,423.10
S 1,000,000,000
143
306
143
233
38
43
16,250,000
242
186
50
36,336,417
112
21
26
65
DILG
Phase I
Phase II
UK
Austrian
Assisted
* constructed more bridges due to deviation from bridge length per supply contract
** for Phase I only
Project
Scope
Coverage
Tulay ng
Pangulo sa
Barangay
Tulay ng
Pangulo sa
SZOPAD
Countrywide
Const. of permanent
double lane bridges
14 regions
nationwide except
NCR and ARMM
10 SZOPAD
provinces and 8
cities
Const. of permanent
double lane compact
bridges
Const. of additional
compact bridges
Const./ replacement
of temporary and
dilapidated bridges.
Const. of local
bridges
nationwide
70 provinces and
5 cities in 15
regions
Phase II71 provinces and 18
Austrian
cities nationwide
Assisted (AA)
except NCR and
ARMM
Special
Construction / replacement of bridges with
Bridges - AA span length of at least 30 m and above
Special
Replacement of
Regions V to XIII
Phase I-UK
Assisted
Period of
Per
Bridge
Per loan Accomplish Implement
Classification Agreement
ation
ment
402
411
2001-2005
526
592
2001-2006
200
200
2004-2006
National -80
Local - 138
218
80
143
1996-2001
Local
306
314
1999-2004
National
National
124
112
2002-2008*
Barangay
Local
29
Project
Scope
Coverage
Period of
Per
Bridge
Per loan Accomplish Implement
Classification Agreement
ation
ment
Bridges-UK
temporary and
and CAR
(along arterial
Assisted
weakened bridges.
roads)
Luzon, Mindanao
Replacement/repair/
ADB Sixth
and Panay.
retrofitting of 400
Road
National
structurally weak bridges
Project
* - revised completion date
256
242
2001- 2007
400
138
1998-2006
Proposed
Reg. Under/IA
Implemented
by
Ambitakay
AA/
DILG
LGUMun of
Agoo
Suyo
AA/
DILG
JICA
Remarks
This project was already completed by the
Municipality of Agoo but still considered as
bridge for implementation by the DILG as of
Sept. 2007. The Provincial Government of La
Union is then looking for possible replacement
site as bridging materials were already released
to the Province.
Considered in the list of priority bridges for
implementation by the DILG but already
constructed by JICA. The bridging materials for
this bridge were instead used for the construction
of Casilagan Bridge.
30
Name of Bridge
Malinao
ImpleProposed mented
Reg. Under/IA
by
XI
AA/
PBP
DILG
SZOPAD
PBP/AA DPWH
Phase II/ and
DILG
DILG
DPWH
Sawangan
Pastor Kimpo
XII
VI
Bugnay, Igcawayan
Mantasic and Nagay
Consuegra
Malobago 1 & 2,
Dakit,
Fajardo,
Lawis,
Lucsoon,
Tabunok1
and
Tugas
Amolong, Bananao,
Cassag, Dao Galap 1,
Lubo Magnas,
Mambolo Masablang
Salagunting 3 and
Tuga
Bacong, Bubog
Malbog1 and
Malbog2
Garden, Muslum 2
Bito CSW, Cabano
Cuartero, Langab
Mandalagan
Agpangi Calunagan,
and Surop
Maatot and
Ibong
VI
SZOPAD
IBRD
UK
Assisted
Phase II/
Special
Bridges JBIC
VIII
V
&
VIII
CAR
JICA
VI
ADB
CAR
V
VI
VIII &
XI
Locally
Funded
Projects/
DPWH
CAR
JBIC Prog.
/DPWH
Remarks
Bridging materials for this project were reallocated to other LGUs as this bridge was
already constructed under the SZOPAD Project.
These bridges were included both in the list of
projects to be implemented by DILG under PBP
Phase II and under Various Infra Projects of
DPWH.
When the DPWH was already
implementing these projects (15% complete), the
DILG requested suspension of these projects.
The DPWH continued with the construction of
the Lugum Bridge and allowed DILG to
continue the construction of Baobo Bridge in
coordination with the Province of Compostela
Valley. The bridging materials for Lugum
Bridge were then used for the construction of
Concepcion Bridge.
This bridge was included in the list of priority
bridges for implementation by the DILG but was
already constructed by the DPWH. Thus, the
LGU concerned requested that the bridging
materials be transferred to Andap and
Binugsayan bridges, both located in Compostela
Valley.
Still reported as bridge for implementation in the
Status Report of DILG as of Sept. 2007 while
already constructed under SZOPAD. Bridging
materials for this bridge were already released to
the LGU. Thus, the LGU is still looking for
replacement site to install the bridging materials.
These bridges were included in the original list
of bridges proposed for implementation under
the UK-Assisted Special Bridges Project but
were rejected by the consultant as these were
also included in other bridge projects. In the
case of bridges in Regions V and VIII, the
consultant claimed that it would be economical
to build box culverts than bridges on the
proposed sites.
31
Name of Bridge
Proposed
Reg. Under/IA
Malinao
Implemented
by
Remarks
Regular
Infra
DPWH
DPWH/Rehabilitation
of Halsema
DPWHPJHL
Tulay ng
Pangulo sa
Barangay
Guerilla
Ellet
Binantuan
VI
AA/
DILG
Borongotan
Not
ind.
Mati
XI
UK
Assisted
Phase I/
Special
Bridges
ADB
Sixth
Road
Project
SALAM
DPWH
Regional
Office
Project
Loan
Amount
Tulay ng Pangulo sa
SZOPAD
Y28.8 B
Special Bridges UK
Assisted Phase II
16.25M
DILG
Austrian
Assisted Phase II
S1B
PBP
Phase I-UK
Assisted
16.546M
ADB Sixth Road
Project - Loan No.
1473-PHI and JEXIM
$327 M
Untied Loan
Loan
Date
Original
Expiration
Date
Loan
Duration
(months)
Final
Expiration
Date
No. of
extension
granted
9/13/01
9/13/05
48
4/30/06
3/30/01
4/30/04
37
3/31/06
7/23/99
12/31/02
41
6/30/04
7/5/96
6/30/98
24
6/30/01
12/24/97
6/30/02
54
5/30/06
Despite extensions of loan agreements, the government just the same had to
comply with the provisions requiring payment of commitment fees and
surcharges in case the project was not implemented as scheduled.
32
Records show that as of December 31, 2006, the government had so far
incurred unnecessary cost of US$5.23M for payment of commitment fees
and surcharges due to several extensions and/or delays in the implementation
schedule.
Loan
Amount
Project
Special Bridges
UK Assisted P II
Special
Bridges
Austrian Assisted
PBP Phase I UK
Assisted
Tulay ng Pangulo sa
Barangay
Tulay ng Pangulo sa
SZOPAD
ADB Sixth Road
Project
Total
Loan
date
Completion Commitment
date
Fee
Surcharges
Total
16.25 M
3/31/01
3/31/06
US$177,000
US$177,000
36.336 M
2/28/02
10/31/04
59,000
59,000
16.546 M
07/5/96
6/30/01
14,000
US$9,226
23,226
Y19.6 B
9/22/00
9/00/04
25,000
25,000
Y28.8B
9/13/01
4/30/06
127,000
127,000
$327. M
12/24/97
5/30/06
4,815,000
US$5,217,000
4,815,000
US$ 9,226 US$5,226,226
This also resulted in a condition where the government has to repay the
loans even when the full benefits from the projects are yet to be enjoyed by
the constituents as some bridges are still on-going, for implementation or
could not be implemented at once for one reason or another as tabulated
below:
Status of Bridges
No. of
bridges
covered Completed On-going
st
Date of 1 loan
repayment
Project
Tulay
Pangulo
Barangay
SZOPAD
ng
sa
Special Bridges
UK Assisted
ADB
Sixth
Road Project
Semi-annual payment
of
Y833,000,000
starting Jan. 2004
Semi-annual payment
of Y1,015,409,001
starting Jan. 2004
Semi-annual payment
of 812,500 starting
August, 2003
Semi-annual payment
of
US$12.525M
starting Nov. 15,
2001
Repayment
Not yet
implemen
ted
Y7,938,000,000
411
380
31
Y 10,829,636,004
593
589
4,062,5000.00
242
178
58
$40,221,920.85
138
81
39
18
131
25
Total
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
for
inclusion
in
any
bridge
project/program is an undertaking done
by the Planning Service of the DPWH
before the list of bridge projects is
approved for inclusion in the Supply and
Services Contract for implementation.
The PMOs involvement started only
after the Supply and Services Contract
was approved during which validation of
the actual condition of bridges has to be
made prior to its detailed engineering and
construction. This undertaking is done
jointly by the Planning Service, this PMO
and Consultant, in coordination with the
concerned implementing offices.
UK-Assisted Phase II
The loan for this bridge project covers the
contract for the supply of steel truss and
beam bridges with the provision of
advisory services to the DPWH. There
are 242 bridges programmed under this
project package, which consist of four (4)
phases (Phases 1A, 1B, 2 and 3).
However, there are some pre-conditions
that have to be achieved before the
DPWH can place an order to
manufacture/fabricate the steel bridging
34
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
Austrian-assisted
The loan had extended from 31 October
2004 (original) to 31 July 2005 (revised)
because of the loan balance for payment
due to the Supplier, which had been
provided only in the CY 2005 DPWH
Budget, and because of the additional
construction of one (1) pilot bridge (from
2 to 3 bridges) on a turn-key basis
utilizing the balance of the contingency
fund. This is the reason why this project
incurred an additional commitment fee
per your report.
35
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
36
Chapter 2
37
INTRODUCTION
As the number of bridges needing replacement and/or repair and for
construction could not be addressed at the same time, there is a need to
prescribe certain criteria for selection. This is to ensure that the bridge
most in need of replacement and/or repair or for construction was given
priority concerns. Thus, the DPWH deemed it necessary to define a set of
criteria that will be used in prioritizing bridges nationwide under its
Nationwide Bridge Rehabilitation and Replacement Program.
The DILG, for its Nationwide Local Bridges Replacement/Rehabilitation
Program also set selection criteria to prioritize the bridges for
implementation under the program. The selection criteria for the two
programs are as follows:
DPWH Nationwide Bridge
Rehabilitation and Replacement
Program
38
20
In addition to the above general criteria, the loan agreement entered into
for a specific bridge project also required and/or prescribed certain
selection criteria. As reflected in the project proposal, aside from the
specific requirements as to location and urgency, the bridges under the
following projects should be selected based on the following criteria:
Criteria set
Technical Aspect
39
Criteria set
Maintenance Commitment
As maybe noted, the selection criteria were varied with some projects
requiring stringent selection criteria than others.
The audit, however, disclosed that while sets of criteria were established to
ensure selection of the bridge most in need of replacement, repair or
immediate construction, the criteria were not strictly observed. Bridging
materials were issued to the proponent without assessing the readiness of
the project sites and the proponents. Thus, some bridging materials
remained uninstalled and unprotected at project sites.
OBSERVATIONS
1. The readiness of the project sites and the implementing agencies were
not assessed prior to the issuance of bridging materials. Thus,
bridging materials delivered to the project proponents for quite a time
remained uninstalled due to lack of funds and/or right-of-way
problems.
Under the loan agreement for the Presidents Bridge Program, the
super structure components, known as the bridging materials to be
delivered by the foreign supplier will be charged against the loan
proceeds. As a counterpart, the Philippine Government shall provide
funds for the following:
40
Bridge
length
(l.m.)
Date of
release of
BMs
Remarks
08-17-02
Bridging materials issued in 2002
remained uninstalled due to lack of
funds. These were found by the team
stocked in a private warehouse in
Dagupan City in July 2007. The items
inventoried by the team could no
longer build a bridge.
41
Name of Bridge/Location
Bridge
length
(l.m.)
Tanglaw Bridge
Davao del Norte
Date of
release of
BMs
No
information
available
Remarks
Per teams inspection on October 22,
2007, the bridge was found unfinished
and already abandoned. Found at site
were
installed materials for
abutments A and B. The bridging
materials issued by the PBPO were no
longer found at site. The team was
informed by the PBPO that other
bridging materials intended for this
project were utilized for the
construction of the detour bridge to
be used while the construction of
Tuganay Bridge in Carmen, Davao del
Norte is ongoing. As reflected in the
May 2002 Validation Report prepared
by Region XI Project Monitoring
Committee (RPMC), the project has a
right-of-way (ROW) problem. The
Municipality of B.E. Dujali is
reportedly yet to negotiate with the
owners of a banana plantation for a
portion of land to link the road to the
bridge.
20
07-15-05
This project is reported as still for
implementation. It was also reported
that about P500,000 were spent in
hauling materials from Regional
Bridge Depot I to project site and
some materials are still to be hauled
from Visayas and Mindanao Depots.
Interview
with
the
provincial
government officials disclosed that the
project could not be implemented due
to lack of funds.
Large bridging materials were already
covered with grass while some small
bridge parts were already embedded
on the ground.
Furthermore, corrosion on gusset
plates, nuts and bolts as well as on the
steel trusses were noted during the
teams inspection in July 2007.
42
Name of Bridge/Location
Pagsanaan,
Ilocos Sur
Magsingal,
Bridge
length
(l.m.)
Date of
release of
BMs
60
07-15-05
Remarks
Biloca-Dariwdiw,
Ilocos Sur
Batac,
35
04-20-05
As reported, the proponent is still
looking for available funds.
Bridging materials were already
covered with grasses with corrosion
noted on gusset plates and main
bearings.
20
06-01-05
100
06-09-05
25
05-05-05
Mangandingay-Sto.
Domingo
Bridge,
20
12-14-04
43
Bridge
length
(l.m.)
Date of
release of
BMs
20
20
04-13-05
02-08-05
60
08-18-05
20
10-04-05
60
06-23-05
30
01-06-06
40
10-20-05
45
10-12-05
25
10-20-05
Still
sourcing
implementation.
45
12-03-05
25
11-29-05
50
11-08-05
25
11-02-05
Culat Bridge,
Casiguran, Aurora
60
5-16-05
Name of Bridge/Location
Cabarroguis, Quirino
Campamento-Guinagat
Sto. Rosario Br., Minalin,
Pampanga
80
Managements Comments
Response provided by DILG
The project site had been identified
and
validated
before
each
consignment order. Under AAPBPII,
this situation occurred after the loan
closing date on June 30, 2004 where
the LGUs were advised to withdraw
their bridging materials from the
Remarks
teams confirmation by the concerned
LGU.
As reflected in the Status Report as of
September 2007, the project was not
yet started and still awaiting for the
release of provincial counterpart
funds.
Awaiting release of SARO from the
CDF.
Requesting funds from the CDF of a
Senator.
Not yet implemented, awaiting
allocation of counterpart funds from
the LGU.
Not yet implemented, awaiting
counterpart funds from the LGU.
Not yet implemented, awaiting
counterpart funds.
funds
for
Teams Rejoinder
Apparently, the representation of
the LGUs that funds are available
was not at all verified and
validated.
Ironically, while
availability
of
certificate of
funds
and
44
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
45
Remarks
The nationwide
implementation
of the barangay
bridges covers
all
regions
except
NCR
and ARMM.
Among
the
criteria
for
selection
follow:
Considerable
socioeconomic
effects:
- improved
living
condition and
economic
activities
- improved
traffic
volume
Funds
available for
the
construction
of road links
within two
years upon
bridge
construction
The audit disclosed that while NCR was specifically excluded from the
coverage of this project, nine (9) bridge projects were nonetheless
constructed within this area. Moreover, six (6) of these projects apparently
did not also comply with two other criteria requiring considerable socioeconomic effects and construction of road links.
Three (3) of these
bridges are not yet open to traffic despite completion as early as December
2004 while the benefits for other three (3) are yet to be maximized as these
are being used only for a limited time during the day.
In reply to the teams query, PBPO claimed that bridges located within
NCR were included upon the special instruction of the President and the
strong representations of the concerned LGUs. It was further claimed that
prior to their inclusion, the criteria for eligibility were applied.
Inspection conducted by the team on July 18 to19, 2007 and September 6,
2007 revealed the condition of the following six (6) completed bridges.
The two (2) double lane bridges were completed in February 2006 but
remained closed to traffic as the bridge approaches and road links were not
yet started. The works were stopped due to right-of-way problems. Informal
settlers are still found occupying the area and the bridges are being used as
parking area.
Culiat Bridge
46
Selection
criteria
Remarks
affected squatters are yet to be
provided by the DPWH.
the bridge.
2
50
3
13
5
10
2
2
8
41
1
2
4
67
210
47
Selection
criteria
Remarks
Ongoing construction of
bored piles at Abutment B,
Piers 2 and 3 (Mandaluyong
side) as of January 2008.
700
755
880
1265
760
1080
860
860
860
860
1015
12,250
450
740
750
530
880
890
555
1,005
290
300
480
8,800
Managements Comments
60
0
195
920
115
230
135
205
110
0
0
2,120
60
0
60
115
135
245
160
140
30
25
230
1,665
570
740
1,005
1,205
1,130
1,365
850
1,350
430
325
710
12,585
-130
-15
125
300
370
285
-10
490
-430
-535
-305
335
Teams Rejoinder
48
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
Records also revealed that apparently, the general criteria to give priority
to bridges lying along higher category roads in terms of functional
classification and with higher traffic volume was not observed.
Construction of a number of double lane bridges under the Presidents
Bridge Program was prioritized in places with basically no road links or
with mere single lane roads over other roads with double lane links or
bridges needing urgent replacement.
Out of 176 double lane bridges inspected by the team, 82 or 47% were
constructed in sites without road links appropriate to the size of the
bridge constructed while only single lane bridges were constructed in
three (3) sites with double lane road links.
The two lane bridges
constructed were then not being fully utilized due to minimal volume of
traffic while vehicle movements in the three (3) double lane roads with
single lane bridges were likewise affected. While one of the selection
criteria under the program is availability of funds for the construction of
road links within two years upon bridge construction, compliance with
this criterion was apparently not also monitored.
The two lane roads with installed single lane bridges follow:
Reg.
I
Name of
Bridge/Location
Nagsanga Bridge,
Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte
49
Reg.
VII
Name of
Bridge/Location
Cangmano
I
Bridge,
Catigbian, Bohol
(implemented by DILG)
Cangmano
II
Bridge,
Catigbian, Bohol
(implemented by DILG)
On the other hand, the installed double lane bridges without fully
developed road links follow:
Region/
Province
Region I
La Union
Pangasinan
6
4
Agdao Bridge, San Carlos City
Observations/Remarks
50
Region/
Province
Observations/Remarks
1
Labut Bridge, Masingal
7
Francisco Bridge, Dingras
24
16
8
5
Punod Bridge- Pinamungaan
Cambinocot Bridge
51
Region/
Province
Observations/Remarks
8
Hin Ilaud
7
Cantaongon Bridge
8
Cambajao Bridge
4
Tampojangin Bridge, Amlan,
This
double
lane
bridge
remained linked to a single lane
rough road on one end and a foot
trail on the other end.
Other
bridges
under
similar
condition are: Iniwasan and Bago
Bridges.
.
52
Region/
Province
Region XI
Davao del Sur
Observations/Remarks
129
51
84
41
Ticulon Bridge, Malita
Roadlink
3 m rough road
3 m rough road
4 m rough road
4 m rough road
3 m rough road
4 m rough road
4 m rough road
4 m rough road
4 m rough road
3 m rough road
4 m rough road
4 m rough road
4.10 m rough road
4 m rough road
3 m rough road
3 m rough road
3 m rough road
3.5 m rough road
4 m rough road
4 m rough road
4 m rough road
3 m rough road
4 m rough road
3 m rough road
4 m rough road
3 m gravel road
4 m gravel road
3.2 m gravel road
53
Region/
Province
Davao del
Norte
Davao Oriental
9
7
Observations/Remarks
3 m gravel road
4 m gravel road
4 m gravel road
3 m gravel road
3 m gravel road
3 m gravel road
4 m gravel road
4 m gravel road
4 m gravel road
2
Mahayag Bridge
14
15
8
Calamocan Bridge, New
Bataan
Total
Name of Bridge
1. Camculangan Bridge
2. Concepcion Bridge
3. Banglasan
4. Aurora Siocon Bridge
5. Banay-banay Bridge
6. Torillo Bridge
176
82
Road link
3 m rough road
4 m rough road
3 m rough road
3 m gravel road
3.3 m gravel road
4 m gravel road
54
While the needs of these areas for bridges could not be discounted, such
could be addressed by constructing only single lane bridges which was
noted also to be part of the project. The Tulay ng Pangulo sa
Countrywide covered construction of 80 single lane bridges. It was even
noted that the road links in areas with installed single lane bridges were
better off than the road links in some areas with installed two lane
bridges as depicted on these pictures:
Region
I
Bridge Name/Location
Remarks
Pindangan Bridge,
Sison, Pangasinan
55
Region
Bridge Name/Location
Remarks
56
observed. The needs to replace the following bridges along local roads
were already apparent:
Name of Bridge/Location
Type of
Bridge
Physical Condition/Remarks
Region XI
Banag-banag Bridge,
Montevista, Compostela
Valley
Bailey
Bailey
Malangog Bridge,
Sta. Maria, Davao del Sur
57
Name of Bridge/Location
Barangay Marahan
Davao City
Type of
Bridge
Bailey
Physical Condition/Remarks
Salaysay Bridge,
Davao City
Aguibawa
Bridge
II,
Compostela, Compostela
Valley
Ninbuyan Bridge
Bohol
Timber
58
Name of Bridge/Location
Agahay Brige, Maribojoc,
Bohol
Type of
Bridge
Physical Condition/Remarks
There were even bridges along national roads which need immediate
attention as illustrated below:
Name of Bridge/Location
Type of
Bridge
Physical Condition/Remarks
Region VII
Caimbang Bridge,
San Isidro, Bohol
Bailey
Binalayan
Bridge,
Samboan, 4th ED, Cebu
59
Name of Bridge/Location
Vito Bridge,
Balamban, Cebu
Type of
Bridge
Bailey
Physical Condition/Remarks
Balagonan
Carmen, Tagum
Bridge,
Bailey,
temporary
Bailey
Moreover, the team observed that the bridge priority ranking or scoring
tabulated in the Inventory of Local Bridges prepared by DILG was not
totally followed in the selection of bridges for implementation. Bridges
with lower scores were given priority in the construction as illustrated in
the following cases:
60
Name of Bridge/Location
Type of Bridge
existing length
bridge
(m) Score
Remarks
Region I
Concrete 30.48
None
30.48
concrete 21.34
Bailey
Timber
Bailey
Timber
Bailey
Timber
26
25
25
22
28
48
20
120
45
30
40
20
20
55
25
34
36
22
24
45
60
27
150
120
40
45
65
58.5
Bailey
Concrete
21.3
27.4
Timber
39.6
12
Implemented
under
Tulay ng Pangulo sa
Barangay
Implemented
under
Tulay ng Pangulo sa
Barangay; double lane
bridge linked to one
lane rough road.
Implemented
under
Countrywide
Bridge
Project.
Not implemented
14
12
14
12
14
12
Implemented
Countrywide
Project.
Implemented
TPB.
under
Bridge
under
61
Chapter 3
Cost Effectiveness
62
COST EFFECTIVENESS
INTRODUCTION
63
COST EFFECTIVENESS
OBSERVATIONS
Generally, the DPWH selects the type of superstructure most suited for
certain bridge lengths using certain factors. Under the DPWH Bridge
Master Plan, the two factors to be adopted in deciding the type of bridge
technology are as follows:
Cost of
the
bridge
the
bridge
with the
least
cost requirement
should be selected
Suitability
to site
conditions
COST EFFECTIVENESS
WaagnerBiro
(modular)
P 5,880,047
9,214,257
13,335,177
20,002,756
DPWH
RCDG/PSCG
(concrete)
P 3,946,651
7,488,085
10,201,455
15,402,846
% age
49%
23%
31%
30%
2000
Steel
Pre-stressed concrete
girder
Reinforced concrete
deck girder
Difference
P 96,669
57,539
78,343
76,665
2001
2002
Ave.
cost/l.m.
% lower to
Steel
P 370,000
P 390,000
P 410,000
P 390,000
295,000
310,000
330,000
311,667
20 %
200,000
210,000
220,000
210,000
46 %
As cited in the Local Bridges Master Plan, the DPWH recommended the
following span lengths for concrete and steel superstructures:
Type of Superstructure
Concrete Bridge:
1.
Reinforced Concrete Precast slab
or Reinforced Flat Slab
2.
Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder
(RCDG)
3.
Reinforced Concrete Box Girder
4.
Prestressed Concrete Bridge
Channel Beams
Tee Beams
Beams
Box Girders
Steel Bridges:
1.
Composite I-Beam
2.
Steel Plate Girder
3.
Bailey Bridge
4.
Steel Truss
Recommended for
(bridge length)
6.00 m
8.00 to 21.00 m
22.00 to 30.00 m
11.00 to 13.40 m
15.80 to 18.90 m
9.00 to 42.68 m
30.00 and over
15.00 to 30.00 m
20.00 to 50.00 m
9.00 to 30.00 m
36.50 to 128.00 m
65
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Countrywide
DPWH-Special Bridges
UK Phase I
UK Phase II
DILG-PBP
UK Phase I
sa
sa
Length
No. of
Bridges
15.240
18.288
9.144
12.192
15.240
18.288
15.240
18.288
3
5
72
48
106
4
1
17
15.240
18.288
12.000
14.000
16.000
18.000
11
14
13
22
26
25
15.200
18.300
26
11
It was claimed that, while steel bridges may be considered costly, the
cost may be compensated by its speedy installations. It was perceived
that as steel materials are pre-fabricated, construction time on site will
be minimized; road closure time will be reduced; disturbance to the
public using the road network will be minimized and benefits to be
derived therefrom will immediately be enjoyed.
As further indicated in the Approved Project Proposal, the modular steel
bridge was reported to have been selected for the Presidents Bridge
Project as the need is urgent and it is more appropriate. It is claimed to
be very quick to assemble and is unlikely to suffer from poor quality
workmanship as all components are pre-fabricated to high standards.
The audit, however, disclosed that while the government apparently
sacrificed cost effectiveness for speedy installation, this advantage of
being able to address the need on time did not materialize. Steel bridges,
which should have been completed within 65 to 210 calendar days, were
actually completed within 196 to 339 days as tabulated in the next page.
66
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Project
TPB
Region
I
VII
C-wide
TPB
VII
XI
Name of Bridge
San Antonio
Trinchera-Libertad
Tagubong Bridge
Cambinocot
Tulay 2
Ilawig
Iniwasan
Libtong
No. of
days to
complete
per POW
135
140
135
135
135
210
150
65
Actual no.
of days
completed
267
228
208
313
290
339
319
196
Difference
132
88
73
178
155
129
169
131
Bridge
length
(m)
ADB
Steel
Tulay ng
Pangulo sa
Barangay
30
P 4,256,073* P 8,241,220
42
3,859,939
11,461,310
55
4,820,065
14,616,734
Note: * Prestressed I Girder Type IV-B
Countrywide
Bridge
Project
Tulay ng
Pangulo sa
SZOPAD
P 8,247,220
P 11,363,310
Difference
Amount
(lowest cost of
steel bridge less
cost of concrete
bridge)
%
P 3,985,147
7,503,371
9,796,669
94
194
203
67
COST EFFECTIVENESS
As provided in the Supply Contracts for the three bridge projects under
the Presidents Bridge Program implemented by the DPWH, a total of
1,128 bridges are to be constructed at an estimated total cost of
48,400,000,000.
Project
Tulay ng Pangulo sa Barangay
Tulay ng Pangulo sa SZOPAD
Countrywide Bridges
Total
Amount of Supply
Contract
Y 19,600,000,000
Y 28,800,000,000
Y 48,400,000,000
No. of bridges
covered
402
526
200
1,128
Bridge Project
Tulay ng Pangulo
sa Barangay
Tulay ng Pangulo
sa SZOPAD
Countrywide
Total
Unaccounted/
Uninstalled
Est. Cost
Qty.
(million)
Contract
Delivery
Accomp.
Report
15,282.67
15,282.67
14,563.34
719.33
P 164.55
16,224.00
5,365.00
36,871.67
16,224.00
5,365.00
36,871.67
15,901.47
4,986.55
35,451.36
322.53
378.45
1,420.31
95.90
124.39
P 384.84
COST EFFECTIVENESS
representing 59.60% meets the actual needs. The rest were used to
construct either shorter or longer bridges as tabulated below:
Per Contract
Length
9.144
12.192
15.240
18.288
21.336
24.384
27.432
30.480
33.528
36.576
39.624
42.672
45.720
48.768
51.816
54.864
56.028
60.960
64.008
65.172
67.056
67.638
70.104
73.152
73.734
79.248
79.830
82.296
83.460
85.334
89.556
91.440
92.604
95.652
109.008
109.728
118.872
121.920
123.666
124.830
131.064
142.536
176.784
237.744
Total
Number of sets of
bridging materials
delivered
CTPB SZOPAD wide Total
136
27
28
18
18
18
14
5
5
32
24
77
402
70
48
105
47
24
55
10
14
33
4
11
3
13
6
4
12
1
17
7
10
12
16
4
526
80
120
200
70
48
105
47
240
82
38
152
51
22
25
8
18
6
4
44
25
77
17
7
10
12
16
4
1,128
Number of bridges
constructed
CTPB SZOPAD wide Total
(1)
5
3
37
41
42
68
30
49
77
14
8
11
1
3
1
3
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
412
72
48
106
4
52
32
36
55
36
31
68
8
9
11
1
1
2
1
4
1
5
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
592
1
17
86
18
24
38
2
12
2
200
72
48
112
24
175
91
102
161
68
92
147
22
17
22
2
4
1
5
1
4
4
3
1
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1,204
Number of bridges
constructed in accordance
with the Contract
CTPB SZOPAD wide Total
37
27
28
18
18
18
14
5
5
3
3
-
70
48
105
4
24
32
10
14
33
4
11
3
9
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
80
38
--
70
48
105
4
141
59
38
70
51
22
25
8
14
6
1
4
3
1
1
1
-
172
379
118
672
Number of bridges
constructed not in
accordance with the
Contract
TPB SZOPAD C-wide
(1)
(5)
(3)
99
(14)
(14)
(50)
(12)
(31)
(63)
(9)
(3)
(11)
(1)
29
(1)
21
77
(4)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(2)
(1)
43
(28)
23
(26)
(41)
(3)
(27)
(57)
(5)
4
(5)
3
11
(1)
(1)
(4)
16
(5)
6
(2)
9
12
(1)
(2)
16
(1)
4
(1)
66
(1)
(17)
(6)
(18)
(24)
82
(2)
(12)
(2)
-
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Description
Qty
Excess or
Unutilized
Qty.
Utilized
Qty.
Estimated
Cost
Remarks
840
236
604
840
236
604
MC234
Pin Safety
Bearing Block
SJ
Span Junction
Pin
840
236
604
MC315
Male SJ Post
840
236
604
MC336
Female SJ Post
840
236
604
MC361
Deck SJ
1,470
413
1,057
MC377
420
118
302
210
59
151
NLC9035
Kerb SJ
Swaybrace SJ
LW
Swaybrace SJ
RW
210
59
151
NLC9036
Tie Bracket
210
59
151
176
532
MC70
Bearing Block SJ
708
176
532
MC234
708
176
532
MC315
Male SJ Post
708
176
532
MC336
Female SJ Post
708
176
532
MC361
Deck SJ
1239
308
931
MC377
Kerb SJ
354
88
266
NLC9034 Swaybrace SJ LW
177
44
133
NLC9035 Swaybrace SJ RW
177
44
133
MC70
NLC9034
70
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Description
Tie Bracket
Qty
Excess or
Unutilized
Qty.
Utilized
177
44
Qty.
Estimated
Cost
Remarks
Divided by
181.7808
Amount in GBP 1,714,037.46
Amount (Peso) P121,696,659.38
============
133
Total
P242.94 M
In reply to the teams query on the status, condition and future plans on
excess materials, the PBPO informed the team that unutilized
components are no longer sufficient to construct a bridge.
In addition to the junction parts discussed above, the PBPO claimed that
the following excess materials were stored in different depots:
Mark No.
NCL 19030
NCL 19031
MC 222
MC 236
MC 300
MC 304
MC 307
MC 307 A
MC 312
MC 317
MC 318
MC 331
MC 358
MC 360
MC 363
MC 378
MC 379
MC 411
MC 412
MC 418
MC 419
MC 430
MC 431
MC 433
MC 436
MC 457
MC458
MC451
MC15
MCF285
NLC12076
NLC12093
NLC16617
NLC20074
NLC21062
Description
Fixed Beraring-Single
Sliding bearing-single
brace-vertical
Plate-bearing
Kerb
Reinforcement chordheavy
Pin-panel
Clip-panel-pin
Frame-Vertical-200457/406
Post-end-male-200
Post-end-female-200
Swaybrace-7.35m
Frame-Bracing-730
Deck-1050-compact
EOB-Unit-7.35m
Screw Deck Clamp
Nut-Deck Clamp
Panel-200-Super
Panel-200-Super-High
Shear
Vertical Frame-730
Beam-Tie-EOB-730
Bolt-bracing-short
Bolt-transom
Bolt-Chord-Short
Nut-flange-M24
Transom-1050-7.35m
Raker 200 457/406
Transom-1050-3.15M
Swaybrace-Std
Post End Female
Frame Bracing 730
Deck Compact 1050
EOB-Unit-7.35m
Nut Deck Clamp M20
Panel C200 heavy super
TPB
Country
-wide
TPS
Total
184
534
578
456
862
10
260
134
134
232
232
194
794
944
456
1,228
153
8,666
12,315
2,840
3,340
6,680
2,993
12,006
18,995
87
44
2,593
490
1,547
9,716
9,716
1,958
10
12
268
394
469
4
3,724
3,724
342
396
202
744
2
2,960
2,960
518
97
56
3,257
1,086
2,760
6
16,400
16,400
2,818
486
454
32
30,701
15,757
6,204
39,114
403
264
8
12,069
2,171
6,192
133
200
1,752
11,360
10,683
98
32
18
34
3,767
82
196
1,762
582
90
486
918
40
42,770
19,680
17,564
55,989
634
32
18
34
3,767
82
196
1,762
582
90
71
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Mark No.
NLC21102
NLC21145
NLQ15013
NLU14675
NLC21152
Description
Frame Vertical 730TRS
610
Bolt transom
Bolt Chord Short
Nut Flange M24
Transom 7.35m
TPB
TPS
-
4
56
19
21
44
Country
-wide
Total
4
56
19
21
44
The specific depots storing these materials were not disclosed in their
reply. The team was also not provided with inventory report of excess
materials per depot despite repeated requests.
During the teams inspection on July 19, 2007, undetermined quantities
and amounts of various bridge components were found stored at the
DPWH-PBP Depot at Morong Bataan. These excess materials belonged
to the Tulay ng Pangulo sa Barangay Project which was already
completed/closed last August 2004.
Selected Bridging/Construction Materials
High Shear
Chord Heavy
Junctions
Splicing Plates
Piling materials
72
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Name of Bridge
Dulacac BridgeAlaminos City
Pangasinan
(TPB)
Pindahan
Bridge- Tayasan,
Negros Oriental
(TPB)
Project/Program
Items/Particulars
1. Super panel
2. Transom
3. Reinforcement
Chord
4. End Post Male
1. Super panel
2. Sway brace
3.Rollers-launching
No. of
pcs.
10
3
3
4
4
6
2
73
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Name of Bridge
Malamudao
Bridge,
Compostela
Valley (Phase II
Austrian Assisted
Program)
Project/Program
Items/Particulars
1. Top Chords
No. of
pcs.
14
The implementation of the PBP by the DILG was also not cost effective.
It was noted that 15 projects could not be implemented as the required
bridging materials were no longer complete. The list of the projects in
nine (9) regions with missing parts follows:
Reg.
CAR
Bridge Name
Balluyan
Masi/Baset
Ambitakay
III
Subsub
VI
Bridge
Location
Flora, Apayao
Adams, Ilocos
Norte
Agoo,
La
Union
Length
(lm)
40
100
20
Dingalan,
Aurora
20
Gawahon
(formerly
Mambiranan)
Camaligan
Banate, Iloilo
Aklan
30
50
VII
Burgos
Mandaue City
30
VIII
Hibulwangan
Catarman,
Northern
Samar
San
Jose,
Tacloban City
60
Burayan II
IX
XIII
Balwatin
(formerly
Mahayahay)
Mandulog
Putadon
(formerly
Manan-ao)
Dona
Telesfora
AmbahanCabayawa
Zamboanga
del Norte
Iligan City
Nunungan,
Lanao del
Norte
Tubay,
Agusan
del
Norte
30
50
80
40
45
25
Remarks
Lacking bridging materials
(BM) requested from other
depot.
Lacking BMs; UFP 15G
(19 pcs.)
Lacking BMs not identified but
available at Regional Bridge
Depot (RBD) 8, Davao
Reported that some BMs are
missing
Lacking BMs for confirmation
from other depot
Lacking BMs are to be sourced
from RBD 8, Davao
Lacking BMs to be sourced
from RBD 6
Lacking BMs to be sourced
from other depot
Lacking BMs to be sourced
from supply depot
Lacking BMs being sourced
from other depot
Lacking BMs with pending
request at RBD 6, Tacloban
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Reg.
Bridge Name
Anahao-DaanBag-o
Bridge
Location
Surigao del
Sur
Length
(lm)
50
Remarks
Lacking BMs available at other
depot.
The DILG Regional Office personnel claimed that the missing parts
could still be sourced out from excess parts in other depots or issuances
from other projects. The respective depots with available excess parts
are, however, yet to be determined.
Under this project, bridging materials delivered were based on the
proposed bridge length for construction. The delivered materials were
reportedly inspected upon delivery and stored in various depots until
issued to proposed projects proponents. A set of bridging materials
required for each bridge length is expected to be properly maintained
and issued intact to the proponent to ensure that bridges could be
constructed as planned.
During the effectivity of the loan agreement, the DILG Central Office
was responsible in the documentation of the movement of bridging
materials while the host LGU personnel manning the depots were
responsible in the safekeeping of the bridging materials for the Project.
The DILG Central Office would then issue the Release Order (RO) and
the corresponding Materials Issue Receipt (MIR). These documents
were the basis for the issuance of bridging materials to the recipient
LGU.
It was observed that issuances of bridging materials to the proponents
took a long time as tabulated below:
Bridge Name
Length
Bannagao
Campamento-Guinagat
Arimit
Masi
Culat
Padol
Calaocan
San Gregorio
Sto. Domingo
Jones
Balluyan
Santor
Pagsanaan
San Antonio-Agos
Magaogao
30
20
20
100
60
50
30
30
20
60
40
30
60
60
50
Delivery
Date
Date of actual
withdrawal
No. of years at
Depot
11/29/2000
03/16/2005
04/13/2005
06/01/2005
06/09/2005
05/16/2005
05/05/2005
03/29/2004
07/14/2004
12/14/2004
12/06/2004
09/01/2005
06/25/2004
07/15/2005
08/18/2005
10/20/2004
4/2/2001
11/21/2001
1/27/2002
6/7/2002
75
COST EFFECTIVENESS
This may have been one of the reasons why some bridging parts were
already lacking when these materials were finally issued to the recipient
LGUs. Apparently, the depots were not able to keep the materials intact
considering that when these were delivered by the supplier, these were
supposed to be complete.
The loan was closed on June 30, 2004. As of loan closure, 138 bridges
were completed, 63 bridges were undergoing construction and 105
remained unimplemented. The remaining activities of the PBP-Phase II
Austrian Assisted Program including the issuance of Release Order
documents and the approval of reallocation of bridging materials and
realignment of bridge projects were turned over to the DILG Regional
Offices pursuant to a Memorandum dated May 30, 2005. The bridging
materials for the unimplemented projects were either at the project site
or still at the depot.
Managements Comments
Response provided by DILG
Generally, funding constraint is the
main reason why the LGUs cannot
start its implementation.
The
identified lacking parts are still
available as per inventory of parts
except for some small parts, i.e.,
UA21AD (conn. Angle end) which
can be locally fabricated.
The
approach undertaken to resolve the
issue of lacking parts is to give
priority to on-going construction of
bridges. In fact, 2 out of the 15
bridge projects with lacking parts
have been resolved. Once the LGU
undertake the installation, they will
be provided with the required parts.
Teams Rejoinder
This is a clear indication that the
DILG did not strictly enforce its
criteria that funds should be
available before withdrawal of
bridging materials.
To some
extent, the lacking parts of one
bridge project may be sourced
from uninstalled bridging materials
of another bridge project. This
means then that there will still be
bridges that could not be
completed as not all lacking parts
can be sourced. Moreover, if
lacking materials is not an issue as
this can be easily sourced as
claimed, these projects could have
been completed by now. It may be
mentioned that the loan agreement
covering this project was closed as
early as June 2004.
This only confirms that the lengths
of
the
contracted
bridging
materials were not based on needs.
Ideally, the bridge lengths should
have been determined and decided
by identifying the feasibility,
actual requirements and needs of
76
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
77
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Date of
Bidding
AAE/ABC
Contract
Amount
7/20/1998
6/10/2003
12/20/2002
7/21/2001
2/26/1999
1/7/2002
9/5/2001
5/20/1998
8/13/2002
9/30/2002
9/16/2002
P123,584,887.40
66,751,571.50
182,799,165.90
48,540,191.64
130,567,823.85
87,428,243.39
109,707,500.51
51,581,652.40
88,850,120.14
140,781,030.36
106,914,904.21
P1,137,032,088.49
P160,596,204.40
86,032,739.34
234,652,612.48
61,889,275.84
158,966,114.48
106,768,667.97
132,279,173.34
59,714,689.98
102,043,921.81
159,748,969.84
118,892,234.92
P 1,381,574,604.45
P37,011,317.05
19,281,167.84
51,853,446.58
13,349,084.20
28,398,290.63
19,340,424.58
22,571,672.83
8,133,037.58
13,193,801.67
18,967,939.48
11,977,330.71
P 191,899,663.00
29.95
28.89
28.37
27.50
21.75
22.12
20.57
15.77
14.85
13.47
11.20
P 659,949,675.40
112,504,899.66
P 143,351,616.01
22,063,982.04
27.75
24.46
729,529,925.00
P 1,501,984,500.06
116,509,269.39
P 281,924,867.44
19.01
P 655,465,621.26
P 218,615,084.51
10.66
239,183,114.94
385,042,573.16
53,549,645.27
23,571,583.93
28.85
6.52
539,522,099.07
89,861,273.32
19.98
952,564,821.71
213,854,258.04
28.95
763,161,219.12
829,719,652.41
161,687,053.92
181,416,238.63
26.88
27.98
810,567,363.11
177,251,044.31
27.99
784,924,974.40
156,397,889.80
24.88
724,891,194.78
805,600,004.69
158,461,611.43
180,710,153.14
27.98
28.92
1,422,479,863.20
1,480,326,609.86
311,043,962.05
302,715,486.41
27.99
25.71
1,559,690,312.73
477,041,648.62
1,962,547,703.24
340,226,890.89
101,652,901.42
427,811,780.90
27.90
27.08
27.88
PJHL
Bridge Component
CP II-Reconstruction of
Six Bridges along
Arterial Roads
8/25/2003
P 516,598,059.39
CP I Aloragat
3/20/2001
90,440,917.62
CP III Reconstruction
of Four (4) Bridges
Along Arterial roads
Project
9/23/2003
613,020,655.61
P 1,220,059,632.62
Sub-total
Road Contract Packages with Bridges
CP 7 & 8 BayuganAwa-San Francisco
2/18/1999
P 439,814,635.75
CP 13 - Langkilaan
(Trento) - Monkayo
185,633,469.67
CP 17 - Tagum - Carmen
2/25/1999
361,470,983.86
CP I-Talisay Junction
449,660,825.75
Toledo
10/1/2001
CP I San Andres-ViracJct.Bato-Viga Section
2/26/2004
Naga Toledo
738,710,563.67
CP I Himayangan Silago
9/3/2003
601,474,165.20
CP II - Silago-Abuyog Rd
9/3/2003
648,303,413.78
CP III - Liloan - San
Ricardo Rd.
9/12/2003
633,316,318.80
CP I - CalapeTagbilaran
City - Valencia
8/12/2003
628,527,084.60
CP II - Candijay - Jagna
Valencia
8/12/2003
566,429,583.35
Naga- Toledo Road Proj
5/27/2004
624,889,851.55
CP - I - Baguio1,111,435,901.15
Pangawan-Kayapa
9/25/2003
CP III - Monkayo Tagum
12/22/2003
1,177,611,123.45
CP II - San Francisco Langkilaan
12/22/2003
1,219,463,421.84
CP -I Alegria- Santiago
5/16/2003
375,388,747.20
Special Yen Loan Package
12/5/2003
1,534,735,922.34
78
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Name of project
CP III - Ilo-Ilo East
Coast - Capiz Road
CP IV-A, Suyo
Cervantes Road
CP 2 - Catarman Calbayog via Lope de
Vega Road
Sub-total
Date of
Bidding
AAE/ABC
Contract
Amount
11/25/2003
P 298,435,184.02
P 381,947,616.11
P 83,512,432.09
27.98
4/12/2005
940,646,401.50
1,164,622,570.23
223,976,168.73
23.81
487,279,923.58
621,279,697.00
133,999,773.42
P 13,023,227,521.06 P 16,560,578,659.64 P 3,540,315,232.21
27.50
12/11/2003
12/13/1999
P 644,675,866.07
P 816,290,965.72
P 171,615,099.65
26.62
12/10/1999
454,785,383.37
565,174,321.41
110,388,938.04
24.27
7/20/2000
219,266,945.56
271,060,522.73
51,793,577.17
23.62
12/9/1999
276,563,890.22
215,041,187.89
61,522,702.33
22.25
390,018,380.64
310,182,260.70
79,836,119.94
P 1,985,310,465.86 P 2,177,749,258.45
P 475,156,437.13
P 4,489,296,199.78
Total
20.47
12/6/1999
ABC
(b)
Difference in Cost
(b-c)
(e)
Contract Cost
(d)
P 66,751,571.50
P 70,621,150.12
P 86,032,739.34
(P 3,869,578.62)
109,707,500.51
115,998,144.00
132,279,173.34
(6,290,643.49)
182,799,165.90
171,071,024.93
234,652,612.48
11,728,140.97
79
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Under the Supply Contract for the Tulay ng Pangulo sa Barangay in the
total amount of Y19,600,000,000, the Supplier will deliver, in addition
to bridging materials, piling materials equivalent to 40% of the bridge
spans or a total cost of piling works requirement valued at
Y1,600,000,000 as computed below:
Length
Qty
21.336
24.384
27.432
30.480
33.528
36.576
39.624
42.672
45.720
54.864
60.960
64.008
136
27
28
18
18
18
14
5
5
32
24
77
Bridging /
Piling 100%
Structure
(cost in pounds)
36,460
36,460
36,460
36,460
36,460
36,460
36,460
39,864
39,870
61,840
61,840
86,950
Total
Piling 40%
Structure
(cost in
pounds)
14,584.00
14,584.00
14,584.00
14,584.00
14,584.00
14,584.00
14,584.00
15,945.60
15,948.00
24,736.00
24,736.00
34,780.00
Total Price
(pounds)
1,983,424
393,768
408,352
262,512
262,512
262,512
204,176
79,728
79,740
791,552
593,664
2,678,060
8,000,000
Total Cost of
Piling
(Yen)
396,684,800
78,753,600
81,670,400
52,502.400
52,502,400
52,502,400
40,835,200
15,945,600
15,948,000
158,310,400
118,732,800
535,612,000
1,600,000,000
Article Nos. 15.06 and 15.07 of the Supply Contracts provide that piling,
abutment and towers shall be in accordance with the GOP standard
design as appropriate. Piling materials will be provided by the Supplier
assuming the average towers and abutments that require pile driving to a
depth of 12 m with average above ground clearance of 3 m. The Hpiles/I-Beam measuring 305mm x 305mm x 126 kgs. x 12m for piling
works delivered by the Supplier in CY 2001 for the project is equivalent
to 6,047 pieces.
Verification of records disclosed that not all bridges constructed used
piling work materials. This was also observed by the team during
inspection conducted in Regions I, VII and XI between July to October
2007. Interviews with the Project Engineers revealed that these
materials were needed only in case the soil condition on site was not
stable or clayish. Otherwise, spread footing can be used when soil
condition is stable.
Records provided to the team by the Presidents Bridge Program Office
revealed that only 62, out of the 402 bridges covered under the project,
used H-piles. These bridges used a total H-piles of 4,932 with estimated
cost of about Y1,174,531,256.71. Another 959 pieces of H-piles
estimated at Y228,371,100.58 were reportedly used in the construction
of 10 other bridges constructed out of the additional materials acquired.
This means then that only 5,891.22 pieces of H-piles were actually used
leaving 155.78 pieces amounting to Y 37,096,611.10 uninstalled.
80
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Bridge Name
Municipality/City
1
2
3
Agdao
Anun
Anunas
San Carlos
Florida Blanca
Angeles
4
5
6
7
8
9
Araybo River
Bago
Balagbag
Batiano
Bihawo
Binanto-an
Pantukan
Tayasan
San Juan
Banganga
Botolan
Panay
10
11
Bollucan River
Bulbulala
Laak
La Paz
12
13
14
15
Bungahin
Cahigun
Calunasan
Culcul
La Castellana
Maasin
Mlang
Minalin
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Daga Luna
Dujali
Dujali II
El Progreso
Farrales
Fuenticilla
Gama
Gonzalo Javier
Humilog
Kakar
Kilolog
Ligtos
Llawod
M. Adriatico
Macampao
Mamis
Manduyong
Maria Rosa
Maringalo
NasaugCanturing
Nichols
Palahanan-Libato
Paalom
Pasac
Pasta-Patnidog
Patiguian
Plaridel
Poblacion
Poblacion Pola
Ponso
Pulong Santol
San Miguel
San Vicente
Sapiniton
Sapiniton II
Songculan
Sta. Lucia
Sto. Nio
Sumakwel
Tabueng
Tagubay
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Province
Cadiz
B.E. Dujali
B.E. Dujali
Buruanga
San Felipe
San Felipe
Sta. Cruz
R.H. 7
R.T. Romualdez
R.H. 10
Magsaysay
Igbaras
Dao
Gloria
Cabangan
Barobo
Badian
Polomolok
Caringlan
Pangasinan
Pampanga
Pampanga
Compostela
Valley
Negros Oriental
Batangas
Davao Del Sur
Zambales
Capiz
Compostela
Valley
Abra
Negros
Occidental
Ilo-Ilo
North Cotabato
Pampanga
Negros
Occidental
Davao Del Norte
Davao Del Norte
Aklan
Zambales
Zambales
Zambales
Cotabato
Agusan Del Norte
Cotabato
Davao Del Sur
Ilo-Ilo
Capiz
Oriental Mindoro
Zambales
Surigao Del Sur
Cebu
South Cotabato
Nueva Ecija
Maasim
Alimodian
San Juan
Paquibato
Minalin
San Francisco
Lambayong
Hagonoy
Dumarao
Pola
Polangui
Porac
Magsaysay
Bato
San Miguel
San Miguel
Dauis
Masantol
San Felipe
Sibalom
Aritao
Bayugan
Southern Leyte
Ilo-Ilo
Batangas
Davao
Pampanga
Agusan Del Sur
Sultan Kudarat
Bulacan
Capiz
Oriental Mindoro
Albay
Pampanga
Davao Del Sur
Camarines Sur
Leyte
Leyte
Bohol
Pampanga
Zambales
Antique
Nueva Viscaya
Agusan Del Sur
No.
of
Bays
No. of
H-piles
used
14
7
46
74.00
54.00
240.00
14
29
14
31
14
8
72.00
112.00
72.00
148.00
96.00
40.00
14
22
88.00
100.00
14
35
16
27
48.00
156.00
88.00
128.00
40
8
12
13
8
10
10
13
12
10
26
20
21
17
15
13
7
20
21
192.00
16.02
48.00
48.00
60.00
60.00
65.81
60.00
64.00
56.86
60.15
16.00
99.00
56.00
68.00
76.89
56.00
96.00
69.00
16
40
12
30
18
13
9
22
13
18
14
7
14
40
22
14
13
13
10
13
20
13
15.00
178.00
64.00
147.00
96.00
53.20
56.78
64.00
48.00
74.00
28.00
62.00
79.00
192.00
80.00
96.00
48.00
165.00
53.00
42.26
72.00
50.15
81
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Bridge Name
Municipality/City
57
58
59
60
61
62
Tambojangin
Tanza Norte
Timonan
Trinchera
Usiw
Ganano
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Panganan
Quezon-Aliaga
Quick Bridge
Quick Bridge
Quick Bridge
Quirino
Labangan
Lamanan
Cannery
San Fernando
Amlan
Panay
Dumingag
Tayug
Tiaong
Diffun
Sub-total
Sta. Rita
Quezon
Not indicated
Not indicated
Not indicated
Not indicated
Province
No.
of
Bays
Negros Oriental
Capiz
Zamboanga Del Sur
Pangasinan
Quezon
Quirino
14
8
24
21
16
21
Pampanga
N. Ecija
Sub-total
Total
No. of
H-piles
used
32.00
48.00
113.00
99.00
24.00
69.00
4,932.22
62.00
403.00
148.00
158.00
80.00
18.00
15.00
15.00
25.00
35.00
959.00
5,891.22
The team also noted that the Supply Contract for the SZOPAD Project
included the supply of bridges piling materials amounting to
Y1,781,298,000 with total weight of 10,740 tons. Under this project, the
bridges needing piling works were not identified. It was deduced in the
Supply Contract that the quantity of piling structure needed to be
supplied will be defined upon confirmation of the actual bridge sites.
Records show that during the implementation of the SZOPAD project,
the Supplier supplied 7,091 H-piles which were distributed to various
depots. Based on the schedule provided by the PBPO, only 24% or 140,
out of 593 bridges, actually used piling works equivalent to 7,076
H-piles. This then increased available unused H-piles by 15 H-piles
costing 3,768,082.05.
This means then that the total unused H-piles for the two (2) projects
amounted to P15,787,083.15 as computed below:
No. of H-piles
Project
TPB
SZOPAD
Delivered
6,047
7,091
Utilized
5,891.22
7,076
Qty.
155.78
15
Total
Unutilized
Cost
Y 37,096,611.10
3,768,082.05
Y 40,864,693.15
(P15,787,083.15)
These materials were not being monitored and accounted for as the team
could not be provided with inventory reports.
82
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Stocks of piling materials already corroded as of inspection on July 19, 2007 at PBP
Depot Morong, Bataan.
The cost of unutilized H-piles which formed part of the loan of the
government increased the cost of bridge projects.
5.
COST EFFECTIVENESS
will shoulder the related upgrading costs on the steel superstructure and
incremental costs of the reinforcing steel bar requirement for the
upgraded deck design.
Number of
Bridges
12
12
7
80
Related Costs
Hauling and transportation of additional Modular Steel
Structure and Accessories
Related additional Installation/Erection Cost of Modular
Steel Structure and Accessories on account of upgrading
Additional Structural Concrete Costs
Costs of additional Reinforcing Steel Bars
These costs could have been avoided had all the projects been at least
started before March 2006 considering that the project was programmed
84
COST EFFECTIVENESS
to be completed by July 2006. The related costs per bridge span were
computed based on the increase weight per span as tabulated below:
Bridge Span
Description
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
6,439
23,213
16,774
7,014
25,151
18,137
92
100
8
100
108
8
82,614
85,706
3,092
92,451
95,723
3,272
The upgrading then of 80 bridges which were not yet started as of March
2006 would cost the government about P117.54 million as computed
below:
Region
No.
of
spans
No. of
Bridge
Bridge Spans
CAR
I
II
III
IV-A
IV-B
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
NCR
17
7
9
12
3
4
8
20
3
5
2
1
10
3
13
4
3
4
8
4
3
4
8
15
3
3
1
1
6
3
13
1
30
1
1
1
6
35
40
3
1
3
1
45
50
55
60
16
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
P 20.31 M
5.09
10.77
9.95
2.81
3.93
9.40
21.71
2.55
3.73
11.58
15.73
Total
Managements Comments
3
1
Cost of
Upgrading
P117.54M
Teams Rejoinder
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Original/
Est. total
cost to
complete
Phase
Project Cost
per phase
P407 M
P 258,000,000
II
III
IV
38,600,000
48,250,000
14,283,165.
Gayaman
Bridge,
Pangasinan
28.80 M
Aluling
Bridge,
Ilocos Sur
120.0 M
77,193,964.
VI
VII
38,598,967.
57,872,414.
VIII
92,778,106.
IX
123,766,409
Total
I
II
III
P 734,105,221
P 20,186,986
6,426,150
26,101,408
IV
V
Total
I
11,355,758
4,421,591
P68,491,893
P 897,405
II
1,760,868.
III
2,856,537.
IV
948,999
948,395
Total
I
II
III-A
P 7,412,204
26,901,414
27,874,785
12,407,631
III-B
5,439,924
IV
13,975,345
27,542,261
Total
Scope of Work
Const. of bored piles at
Abut. B, Piers 1-10, 1417
Concreting of 4-9 spans
diaphragms & 8 girders at
span 15/16
Const. of 7 sets bored
pile and 8 steel casing at
Pier 11
Const. of 3 bored piles
Const. of part of 3rd
bored piles at Pier 13.
Const. of 8 sets of bored
piles at Pier 12
Const. of 2 bored piles
at Abut. A and 1 bored
pile at Pier 1.
Period of
Implementation
1/29/01-4/24/02
4/25/02-7/23/02
7/24/03-10/21/03
10/25/04-1/21/05
2/14/05-11/14/05
11/14/05-2/12/06
4/27/06-6/12/06
6/12/06-12/18/06
12/18/06-3/18/07
12/18/98 8/8/00
7/14/00-8/26/00
9/7/01-9/1/02
Bridge
excavation,
reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete pile
12 pcs @ 41 lm
Reinforced concrete
piling 13 piles @ 41lm
Reinforced concrete
piling 4 piles @ 41 lm
Coping, backwall,
railing, sidewalk,..
Completed10/27/98
Completed11/10/99
Completed
12/13/05
Completed8/24/06
Completed8/23/07
About nine years
2/25/99-3/24/98
Abutment
A,
3-2
diameter bored piles.
66.8 LM-2m diam BP
launching.
30LM-2m diam BP
Launching
Launching of remaining
11 units girders.
Approaches incl. side
slope protection
Remarks
As maybe noted, the
project was completed
only after 2,239 days or
about six (6) years
(1/29/01-1/05/07). This
was suspended for 189
days
due
to
unavailability of funds.
1/29/02-4/22/03
2/16/04-6/26/04
1/14/05-1/02/07
1/14/05-10/12/06
Percentage of project
completion was nil after
1,560 days and after
spending P114 million,.
The project still needs
P 120 M to complete.
12/21/06-5/19/07
12/21/06-8/17/07
P 114,141,360
It may even be noted that it took the government six (6) years to complete
the two projects while the two others remained unfinished after 11 years
and spending at least P121 million. While it is true that the governments
limited resources has to be allocated and proportioned to satisfy all priority
projects, implementation of the bridge projects by phase is not cost
effective and is prejudicial to the best interest of the public and the
88
COST EFFECTIVENESS
89
Chapter 4
90
INTRODUCTION
OBSERVATIONS
1.
As reported by the DILG and the different PMOs of the DPWH, a total
of 2,752 foreign assisted bridges were implemented under the following
projects:
91
Implementing
Agency
DPWH
Presidents
Bridge
Program Office
Special Bridges
PJHL
RRNDP
ADB Projects
DPWH-PBPO
DILG
Presidents
Program
Bridge
Project
Tulay ng Pangulo sa Barangay
Tulay ng Pangulo sa SZOPAD
Countrywide Bridge Project
UK Phase I
UK Phase II
Austrian Assisted
Arterial Road Links Development
Project
Rural Road Development Project
ADB Sixth Road Project, Bridge
Component
Urgent
Bridges
for
Rural
Development Projects
UK Phase I
Austrian
Total
No of
bridges
Amount
(in million)
411
592
200
80
242
112
P 7,216.542
9,867.118
2,859.099
738.145
5,431.986
4,914.388
362
20
4,140.213
910.941
138
1,917.418
195
2,598.577
143
257
2,752
1,334.158
1,582.046
P 36,294.09
Of the total foreign assisted bridges, the team inspected 492 bridges
along with 55 other locally funded bridges implemented by the DPWH
within NCR and Regions I, VII and XI from June 18 to October 25,
2007. The projects inspected follow:
Implementing
Agency
DPWH
Presidents
Bridge
Program Office
Special Bridges
PJHL
RRNDP
Region
Rural
Road
Network
Development Project
ADB Sixth Road Project
ADB
DPWH-PBPO
Locally Funded
DILG
Presidents
Program
Project
Bridge
Total
I
VII
XI
I
VII
CP M-I
CP Q I & III
CP 8-XI
CP 9-XI
No. of
bridges
53
37
129
14
15
20
268
26
61
9
6
1
2
5
13
8
I,VII,XI
I,VII,XI
55
I, VII & XI
I, VII & XI
22
70
92
547
92
As discussed earlier, some of these bridges were not yet open to traffic
while others were underutilized for one reason or another. In addition
to these observations, the team noted during inspection that out of the
360 bridges implemented by the DPWH and DILG under the
Presidents Bridge Program and Special Bridges, construction of
substructures of 95 bridges, representing 26%, were of poor
workmanship as tabulated below:
Implementing Agency
Presidents Bridge Program
DPWH
DILG
Special Bridges DPWH
Total
No. of
Projects
Implemented
No. of
Projects
Inspected
No. of
Projects with
Deficiencies
1,203
414
434
2,051
219
92
49
360
67
15
13
95
31
16
27
26
Regions/
Provinces
NCR
Bridge Name
Tullahan
93
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
Regions/
Provinces
I-Burgos,
Ilocos Norte
I-Dingras,
Ilocos Norte
I-Pasuquin,
Ilocos Norte
I-Pinili, Ilocos
Norte
I-Sarrat, Ilocos
Norte
Bridge Name
Cabuayaan
94
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
Bridge Name
San Roque
With
cracks/settlement
on
both
approach slabs, precast barriers and
wingwall.
Sto. Santiago
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
I-Solsona,
Ilocos Norte
Both
approaches
prepared/constructed.
Bubuos
not
properly
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
95
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
Regions/
Provinces
I-Salcedo,
Ilocos Sur
I-Sto.
Domingo,
Ilocos Sur
I-Sto Tomas,
La Union
I-Bacnotan, La
Union
I-Bauang,
Union
Bridge Name
San Tiburcio
La
96
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
Regions/
Provinces
I-Bauang,
Union
La
I- Sto.Tomas,
La Union
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
I-Sto. Tomas,
La Union
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
I-Sudipen,
Union
DPWH-PBPO
La
I Aringay, La
Union
Bridge Name
Carmay
97
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-PBPO
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
Regions/
Provinces
I Bacnotan,
La Union
I-San Carlos
City,
Pangasinan
I-Sison,
Pangasinan
I-Sison,
Pangasinan
DPWH-PBPO
I-Urbiztondo,
Pangasinan
Bridge Name
Ubbog
With cracks/scaling/settlement
on
approach slabs, riprap and wingwall
barrier.
Balucanag
and
98
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
Regions/
Provinces
VIIPinamungahan,
Cebu
VIIAloguinsan
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
VIIAloguinsan
VIICambayog,
Compostela
Bridge Name
Punod
VII-Samboan
VII-Badian
With
cracks/settlement
on
wingwall/barrier and slope protection.
Manduyong
99
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
VII-Cebu City
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
DPWH-PBPO
DPWH-PBPO
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
VII-Pamplona,
Negros
Oriental
VII-Pamplona,
Negros
Oriental
VII-Pamplona,
Negros
Oriental
VII-Pamplona,
Negros
Oriental
Bridge Name
Cambinocot
With
cracks/settlement
approaches.
Mangoto
on
both
100
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
Regions/
Provinces
Bridge Name
VII-Sibulan,
Negros
Oriental
VII-Alan,
Negros
Oriental
VII-Inabanga,
Bohol
Scaling/cracks/settlement
on
both
approach slabs, wingwalls, embankment
and slope protection.
101
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide /
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
DPWH-PBPO/
Countrywide
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
Regions/
Provinces
VII-Alicia,
Bohol
VII-Alicia,
Bohol
VII-Trinidad,
Bohol
VII-Trinidad,
Bohol
VII-Kausong,
Bohol
Bridge Name
Cabatang
With scaling/cracks/settlement
on
approach slabs and slope protection.
La Hacienda
With
scaling/cracks/settlement
approach slabs.
M. Cabiguhan
on
102
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
VII-Loon,
Bohol
DPWH-PBPO/
TPB III
VII-Mabini,
Bohol
VII-Duero,
Bohol
DPWH-PBPO
XI-Maragusan,
Compostela
Valley
DPWH-PBPO
XI-New
Bataan,
Compostela
Valley
Bridge Name
Cantaongon
103
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
DPWH-PBPO
XI-Talaingod,
Davao
del
Norte
DPWH-PBPO
XI-Bansalan,
Davao del sur
DPWH-PBPO
XI-Magsaysay,
Davao del Sur
DPWH-PBPO
XI-Malita,
Davao del Sur
DPWH-PBPO
Bridge Name
Daligdigon
104
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
DPWH-PBPO
XI-Padada,
Davao del Sur
DPWH-PBPO/
SZOPAD
XI-Sta.Maria,
Davao del Sur
(DDS)
Bridge Name
Harada Butai
Malita, DDS
Malalag, DDS
Rebars on approach
exposed due to scaling.
Kamandag
XIBanaybanay,
Davao Oriental
slab
already
105
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
XI-Banganga,
Davao Oriental
XI-San Isidro,
Davao Oriental
DPWH-PBPO/
SZOPAD
XI-Baganga,
Davao Oriental
Bridge Name
Batiano
XI-Manay,
Davao Oriental
Scaling/cracks
approaches.
Libtong
on
both
PCCP
106
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-Special
Bridges
/UK Assisted Phase I
DPWH-Special
Bridges
/UK Assisted Phase I
Regions/
Provinces
I Sta Catalina
Road, Ilocos
Sur
Bridge Name
Vigan-Sta Catalina
I Ilocos Sur
I Ilocos Sur
Erosion/scouring
on the slope
protection on the right side of approach
A.
Patac
DPWH-Special Bridges /
Austrian Assisted
DPWH-Special Bridges
UK Assisted Phase II
Extreme
settlement
at
Approach B, approximately
12 deep (project not yet
completed due to this
problem).
107
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-Special Bridges
UK Assisted Phase II
DPWH-Special Bridges /
Austrian Assisted
DPWH-Special Bridges
UK Assisted Phase II
Regions/
Provinces
Bridge Name
VII Cebu
Avante
VII Cebu
With cracks
wingwall.
Boyawon
on
pavement
With cracks/settlement on
protection of both abutments.
DPWH-Special Bridges
DPWH-Special Bridges
near
slope
VII Cebu
Sta. Felomina
With cracks
protection.
on
slope
Eroded
portions
of
embankment on both sides
of abutment B.
108
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DPWH-Special Bridges
UK Assisted Phase II
Regions/
Provinces
XICompostela
Valley
XI Davao
Oriental
DPWH-Special Bridges
UK Assisted Phase I
XI Davao
Oriental
Bridge Name
Tadia
With chipping/scaling
topping of backwall B.
XI Davao del Norte
Panabo Coastal Road (Puyod Section)*
Slope
protection
with
cracks. Embankment at
approach B from approach
slab to slope protection
eroded.
of
concrete
109
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
Bridge Name
DILG / PBP-II
DILG / PBP-II
VII-Mabini,
Bohol
VII-Poblacion
Sevilla, Bohol
Slope
protection
with
cracks, portions patched up
with concrete.
Vegetation reaching
bridging top chord
the
110
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
VII-Liloan,
Cebu
VII-Argao,
Cebu
XI-Maco,
Compostela
Valley
DILG / PBP II
XI-Panabo
City,
Davao
del Norte
XI-Sulop,
Davao del Sur
Bridge Name
Suba
Scouring
of
slope
protection
surrounding the abutments and along
slopes beside riverbanks.
111
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
Regions/
Provinces
Bridge Name
DILG / PBP I
112
Implementing Agency/
Project Substructure
provided by
DILG / PBP II
DILG/ PBP II
Regions/
Provinces
Bridge Name
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
Steel bridges, while more costly than concrete bridges, were selected
due to its simple implementation process on account of modular
construction technique. It was also reported that steel bridges have
longer life spans which is 50 years as compared to the reported 30 years
life span of concrete bridges. The actual service life of any type of
bridge including steel bridges would, however, depend on proper and
regular maintenance which is required, especially for steel bridges,
which easily corrode.
Completed bridges implemented under the Presidents Bridge Program
(PBP) were turned over to concerned local government units, i.e.,
provincial government for bridges along provincial roads and to
city/municipal government for bridges along city/municipal and
barangay roads, for maintenance. The turn over was covered by a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) executed by and between the
PBPO and the LGU requiring the LGUs to set aside annual
maintenance trust funds and upkeep the bridge.
Completed bridges under the Special Bridges Project were turned over
to the DPWH District Offices. The corresponding maintenance costs
for these projects were included in the Annual Maintenance Work
Program/Performance Budget of the concerned District Offices.
114
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
DILG / PBP II
VII-Amio,
Oriental
Negros
DILG / PBP I
VII-Maribojoc,
Bohol
DILG / PBP II
VII-Loon, Bohol
DILG/ PBP II
VII-Daan Bantayan,
Cebu
Bridge Name
Amio
corrosion on
115
Implementing
Agency
DILG/ PBP II
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
Bridge Name
VII-Liloan, Cebu
Suba
VII-San Fernando,
Cebu
VII-Balamban, Cebu
XI-Caraga,
Oriental
DILG/ PBP II
Davao
Bugho
116
Implementing
Agency
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
Bridge Name
DILG/ PBP I
DILG/ PBP I
I-Ilocos Sur
Urdas
DPWH/PBPO
TBP III
NCR
NCR
NCR
NCR
I-La Union
DPWH/PBPO
TBP III
DPWH-PBP
Corrosions on pins/pinholes
117
Implementing
Agency
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
DPWH-PBP
I - Bauang, La Union
DPWH-PBP
I- Sto Tomas, La
Union
DPWH-PBP
Bridge Name
Carmay
DPWH-PBP
I- Tubao, La Union
DPWH-PBP
I Sudipen,
Union
La
DPWH-PBP
I Sudipen,
Union
La
Pideg
118
Implementing
Agency
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
DPWH-PBP
I Bacnotan, La
Union
DPWH-PBP/
SZOPAD
XI-Bansalan, Davao
del sur
DPWH-PBP/
SZOPAD
XI-Talaingod, Davao
del Norte
DPWH-PBP/
SZOPAD
XI-Banganga, Davao
Oriental
DPWH-PBP/
SZOPAD
DPWH-PBP/
SZOPAD
XI-Baganga, Davao
Oriental
Bridge Name
Ubbog
119
Implementing
Agency
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
DPWH-PBP/
SZOPAD
XI-Baganga, Davao
Oriental
DPWH-PBP/
SZOPAD
XI-Manay,
Oriental
Davao
Bridge Name
Borboanan
DPWH-PBP
DPWH-PBP
DPWH-PBP
120
Implementing
Agency
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
Bridge Name
DPWH
Special
Bridges / UK
Assisted Phase I
I Ilocos Sur
Sulvec Bridge
DPWH-Special
Bridges/UK
Assisted Phase I
I Ilocos Sur
DPWH Special
Bridges / UK
Assisted Phase I
I Ilocos Sur
DPWH Special
Bridges / Austrian
Assisted
DPWH Special
Bridges / UK
Phase I
VII - Bohol
VII - Bohol
121
Implementing
Agency
DPWH Special
Bridges / UK
Phase II
Davao del Norte
Engineering
Office
DPWH Special
Bridges / UK
Phase II
District
Engineering
Offices
Turned over to
Region/Province/
Municipality of
XI
Norte
XI
Valley
Davao
Del
Compostela
Bridge Name
Napisulan
DPWH-Special
Bridges / Austrian
Assisted
Apparently, the PMO was not monitoring compliance by the LGUs and
the District Offices with the required maintenance activities to maintain
the quality of bridges.
122
Managements Comments
Teams Rejoinder
The
team
appreciates
managements action to help
preserve
the
quality
of
completed bridges. The PBPO
may also request the assistance
of DPWH District Offices to
include PBPO bridges turned
over to LGUs in their regular
inspections.
123
Part IV
Recommendations
124
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
125
RECOMMENDATIONS
Implementing
Agency
DPWH/DILG
Monitor
compliance
by the LGUs and
other concerned agencies with construction
specifications and on the standard preventive
maintenance activities required to be
undertaken after turnover of completed
projects.
126
RECOMMENDATIONS
Implementing
Agency
DPWH
127
Submitted in compliance with MS/TS Office Order Nos. 2006-042 and 042A
dated September 22, 2006 and March 22, 2007, respectively, and Joint MS/TS
and NGS Office Order Nos. 042B and 2007-037 and 042C and 2007-052 dated
May 28 and September 3, 2007, respectively.
128