Sitologi Dan Histologi Tumbuhan
Sitologi Dan Histologi Tumbuhan
Sitologi Dan Histologi Tumbuhan
Introduction
We know plant is grouped to be plant dicotyledon and
monocotyledon. This group be subdivided according to morphologist can
showed with a seed cchip sum difference, rood/radik type, armouring type,
and segment with the branching. Besides difference according to
morphologies, we can found also difference anatomically in each plant
organ.
For that necessary presumably we study how anatomical
composition each plant organ dicotyledon and monocotyledon.
II.
Problems
1. How does the shape and parts from tissue composers of cell onion
epidermis (Allium cepa)?
2. How does tissue composition and corn leaf/folium organ composers
tissue modification kind (Zea mays) or monocotyledon and rubber
plant leaf/folium (Ficus elastica)?
3. What is a defference between composers tissue of leaf/folium
monocotyledon and dicotyledon?
4. How does tissue composition and corn stem/caulis organ composers
tissue (Zea mays)or dicotyledone and peanut stem/caulis (Arachis
hypogea) or jarak stem (Ricinus communis) or dicotyledone?
5. What is a difference between stem/caulis composers tisuue
monocotyledon and dicotyledon?
III.
Objectives
1. To understand the shape and cell parts of epidermis tissue
composers in Allium cepa.
2. To understand various tissue and various of modification in corn
leaf/folium organ compose tissue (Zea mays) or monocotyledon and
rubber leaf/folium (Ficus elastica).
3. To understand the differences compose tissue monocotyledon
leaf/folium organ and dicotyledone.
4. To understand various compose tissue corn stem organ or
monocotyle and peanut stem ( Arachis hypogea) or jarak stem
(Ricinus comunis) or dicotyledone.
5. To understand differences compose tissue monocotyledon stem
organ and dicotyledon.
IV.
Literature
A. Leaf / folium Organ
Leaf/folium anatomy structure that watched microscopicaily in
dismemberment has crossing as follows:
1. Epidermis Tissue
Epidermis shaped one cell layer which cell wall was experiences
thickened from substance of kutin (cuticle) or sometmes from lignin.
In epidermis has found stomata (leaf/folum mouth) that flanked by
two casing cells. Stomata there located in surface on for example in
plant floating the leaf/folium (in lotus leaf/folium), there on the
surface of under and there also found at second leaf/folium surface
(on and under). Ficus plants has epidermis structured on two cell
layers. Epidermis also can correlating modification be trichome and
fan cell. Tricome come from extrusion epidermis. Trichome can
formed hair, thorn, bubble or tube. The function of trichome is
protected and bounce back sunlight radiation. ( Syamsuri I, 2003).
2. Mesophyl tissue
Mesophyl consist of cells parenchyma structured so that many
found space beetwen of cell. Inmajority plant dicotyledon mesophyl
differentiation be pole tissue (palosade) and sponge, while plant
monocotyledon not differentiation. Tissue cells palisade in
dicotyledon formed cylinder, tight compiled, and contain
chlorophyll, usually only found on the surfaceunder the epidermis
cells, but also there found at second surface and that called
isobilateral. Sponge tissue cells is compiled on cells its for both
regular, correlating branches and full chloroplast and the cell
composition rather distant. ( Maryanti S, 1997:34 )
3. Transport bundle
Transport bundle (xilem and phloem) has found at leaf/folium bone
and has composition likes the stem/caulis, although not for the
width of found on stick. Its more closer with leaf/folium bone end,
transport bundle composition more simpler. The function of
transport bundle on leaf/folium bone is was means of transport and
leaf/folium lasting. (Tim penyusun,2003)
A. Stem Organ
Stem/ caulis anatomy structure not differ far with root/radix. The
structure difference in root/radix found endodermis in stem/caulis
and while not found in endodermis. Stem/caulis composers layer
from outside into shall be as follows:
1. Epidermis
Tissue epidemis compiled by single layer cell, tight compiled,
without space between of cell, the cell wall outside has found
cuticule that functioned to protect a stem/caulis from lose of water
too much. In old wood plant that found cork cambium that replace
primary tissue function. Cork cambium activities split up at outside
from phelem and up at in from pheloderm. Phelem will form lenticel
that functioned for gas transfer.(Tim penyusun, 2003)
2. Cortex
Cortex compiled by several cell layers parenchya, which both
regular and has a thin wall, many spaces between cell found a
collenchyma and schlerenchim with that functioned as contributor
and body lasting, cortex cell half in that contain amilum that called
phloeterma (flour cover).
3. Stele (Central cylinder)
Stele in part of inmost from stick. At the outside layer from of
cylinder center is limitted by pericycle or parenchyma. The stele is
composed by xylem, phloem,vascular cambium,pith. In plant
dicotyledon side part stele limited by Meristem tissue, that is
cambium, in monootyledon not found cambium. Cambium lay
between transport bundle with parenchyma called vascular
cambium., while the cambium lay between transport bundle is
called cambium intravascular. Transport bundle monocotyledon the
location widespread not regular. Each transport bundle in
monocotyledon repasked transport bundle cover. Hile transport
bundle structure dicotyledon equal to rood/radix monocotyledon
that still young, that is from regular circle.(D.A Pratiwi,1997:3
V.
Hypothesis
1. Cells be composed epdermis tissue Allium cepa has shape like a
beam and that parts will consist of cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleus.
2. Various tissue and various of modification in orn leaf/folium organ
compose tissue (Zea mays) or monocotyledon and rubber
leaf/folium (Ficus elastica) are epidermis tissue, mesophyl tissue
and transport bundle.
3. The difference compses tissue monocotyledon leaf/folium organ and
dicotyledon are in majority plant dicotyledon mesophyl
differentiaton be pole tissue (palisade) and sponge, while plant
monocotyledon not differentiation.
4. Various compose tissue corn stem organ or monocotyle and panut
stem (Arachis hypogea) or jarak stem (Ricins comunis) or
dicotyledon are epidermis, corex, stele (central cylinder).
5. Differences
compose tissue monocotyledon stem organ and
dicotyledon are in plant dicotyledon side part stele limited by
meristem tissue, that is cambium, in monocotyledon not found
cambium.
VI.
Materials:
1. Leaf/folium and stem/caulis of peanut or jarak
2. Plant rubber leaf/folium or banyan (Ficus elastica)
g. When does its definited observation result mean cut still less thin,
so necessary done dismemberment has repeated.
VIII.
Obervation Result
IX.
Discussion
1. Preparat epidermis Alium cepa
Setalah diamati, pada bagian epidermis Allium cepa terdapat
bagian-bagian yang mampunyai fungsi masing-masing. Bagiabbagian tersebut akan di jelaskan di bawah ini beserta fungsi dan
peranannya.
a. Dinding sel
Berfungsi sebagai pelindung sel atau pembatas sel. Selain itu
juga sebagai tempat pertukaran zat (osmosis, difusi) reseptor
dari rangsangan luar.
b. Sitoplasma
Fungsi utama dari sitiplasma adalah sebagai pengatur
kekentalan, pembentukan barang spindel, mikrotubulus, miofibril
dan keratin. Sitoplasma ini tersusun atas beberapa unsur
penyususn yaitu: nutrien, ion,enzim,garam,air dan mol organik.
Wujud dari sitoplasma ada yag lembek dan ada yang cair.
c. Inti sel (nukleus)
Inti sel adalag bagian yang paling penting pada suatu sel, karena
ia mempunyai fungsi yang sangat penting pula, yaitu sebagai
pembawa DNA dan RNA.
d. Ruang Antar Sel
Dalam epidermis Allium cepa ada ruang atau rongga antar sel
yang disebut ruang antar sel.
Dari pengamatan
epidermis Allium cepa yang dilakukan menggunakan
mikroskop dan membandingkan dengan gambar dari internet, dapat diketahui
bahwa bentuk dari sel-sel epidermis Allium cepa adalah berbentuk balok-balok
tersusun seperti batu bata.
a. Kutikula
Lapisan lilin yang melapisi epidermis.
b. Epidermis
Dalam penampangmelintang daun Ficus elastica terdapat dua
lapisan jaringan epidermis. Yaitu epidermis atas dan epidermis
bawah. Jaringan epidermis pada daun Ficus Elastica termodifikasi
menjadi beberapa bagaian, yaitu kutikula yang menyebabakan
permukaan daun Ficus Elastica menjadi keras dan Stomata atau
mulut daun yang berfungsi untuk fotosintesis.
c. Jaringan Mesofil
Jaringan dasar daun Ficus elastica tersusun oleh sel-sel parenkim
yang terdefensiasi menjadi:
Palisaden:
yang
berbentuk
Memngandung banyak kloroplas.
seperti
pagar
bertingkat.
Stomata
Lubang atau tempat keluar masuknya gas-gas dalam tumbuhan.
Pada saat melakukan percobaan ini. Terdapat beberapa masalah yang menjadi
kendala, yaitu sulitnya memotong preparat denag tipis atau pemotongan kurang
sempurna. Sehingga, objek pun susah untuk diamati.
X.
Conclution
1. Cells be composed epdermis tissue Allium cepa has shape like a
beam and that parts will consist of cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus and
space between cell.
2. Various tissue and various of modification in orn leaf/folium organ
compose tissue (Zea mays) or monocotyledon and rubber
leaf/folium (Ficus elastica) are epidermis tissue, mesophyl tissue
and transport bundle.
3. The difference compses tissue monocotyledon leaf/folium organ and
dicotyledon are in majority plant dicotyledon mesophyl
differentiaton be pole tissue (palisade) and sponge, while plant
monocotyledon not differentiation.
4. Various compose tissue corn stem organ or monocotyle and panut
stem (Arachis hypogea) or jarak stem (Ricins comunis) or
dicotyledon are epidermis, cortex, stele (central cylinder).
5. Differences
compose tissue monocotyledon stem organ and
dicotyledon are in plant dicotyledon side part stele limited by
meristem tissue, that is cambium, in monocotyledon not found
cambium.
XI.
Reference
-
Yogyakarta,
2009
Mengetahui,
Guru Pembimbing
Praktikan
27
Juli