1
Elementary Diferential Equation
cxvxvxcvSolve xcvxcvxcvfollowing Dierential yrtyrty tions (Review on Calculus)
0x and2y when 4 .10
0x and1-y when 3 .9
2 x and2y when 2sin4 .8
0x and6y when 3 .7
3 .642 .514 .46cos4 .3
3 .22 .1
3222223
=====++=
======+=+=−===+=
−
x x x
edxdye xdxdy xdxdyedxdy x xdxdy xdxdy xdxdy xdxdy xdxdy x xdxdy
π
2
Elementary Diferential Equation
Elementary Dierential Equation
Dierential Equation A Dierential Equation ( DE ) is one w!ic! contains wit!in it at least one "erivative or "ierentialsClassi#cation of Dierential EquationA Dierential Equation may$e classi#e" as to t!e following c!aracteristics%&RDER%!ig!est ' or"ere" "erivative in t!e equationDEREE%largest ower or exonent of t!e !ig!est ' or"ere" "erivative resent in t!e equation *+,E%DE may $e
ordinary
- or
partial
as to t!e tye of "erivatives or "ierentials aearing in t!e equation- t!at is- if it containsor"inary "erivatives- it is an
ordinary D.E
an" if t!e "erivatives are artial- t!e equation is a
partial D.E.
E.A/,0ESDE
a
¿
dydx
=
x
−
3
b
¿
d
2
idt
2
−
4
i
+
a
=
0
c
¿
(
2
x
2
+
y
2
)
dx
+
2
xydy
=
0
d
¿
∂ y∂x
=
k ∂
2
y∂x
2
+
2
k ∂
2
y∂x
2
d
2
wd x
2
¿
3
+
xy dwdx
+
w
=
k e
¿¿
d
2
yd x
2
¿¿
f
¿¿
y'
¿¿
g
¿
y
' '
+¿
&RDER1212222DEREE11111 *+,E&r"inary&r"inary&r"inary,artial&r"inary&r"inary&r"inary *+,ES & S&03*4&5 *& A D4ERE5*4A0 E63A*4&5A) ,articular Solution%*!e solution to a DE is sai" to $e
particular
if it "oes not contain any ar$itrary constants7) eneral Solution%*!e solution to a DE is sai" to $e
general
if it contains at least one ar$itrary constants
Elementary Diferential Equation
*!e "e#nition of an ar$itrary constant is a mat! term for a quantity t!at remains t!e same t!roug! t!e "uration of t!e ro$lem
Elimination of Ar$itrary Constants
&ne of t!e ways "ierential equations are o$taine" is t!e elimination of ar$itrary constants from t!e given general solutionseneral Solutions to &r"inary Dierential Equation/et!o"s of Eliminating Ar$itrary Constants1 7y "ierentiation an" Com$ination Dierentiate t!e equation 8n8 times *!e 8n8 ar$itrary constants may t!en $e eliminate" from t!e 8n918 equations *!e result will $e a "ierential equation in or"er of n S wit! one ar$itrary constant irst or"er &DE S wit! two ar$itrary constants Secon" or"er &DE S wit! t!ree ar$itrary constants *!ir" or"er &DE2 7y 4solation of constants 7efore "ierentiation- isolate one of t!e ar$itrary constants- free from any varia$le so t!at it will "isaear after "ierentiationExamle 1Eliminate t!e ar$itrary constant of
xy
2
−
2
=
cy
Solution7y "ierentiation an" com$ination
xy
2
−
2
=
cy x
(
2
ydy
)
+
y
2
dx
−
0
=
cdy
x
(
2
ydy
)
+
y
2
dx
−
0
=
(
xy
−
2
y
)
dy
2
xy
2
dy
+
y
3
dx
=
xy
2
dy
−
2
dy xy
2
dy
+
2
dy
+
y
3
dx
=
0
(
xy
2
+
2
)
dy
+
y
3
dx
=
0
7y isolation of constants
xy
2
−
2
=
cy
(Divide both sides by y)
xy
−
2
y
=
c
&DES
:
Elementary Diferential Equation
xdy
+
ydx
−
y
(
0
)
−
2
dy y
2
=
0
[
xdy
+
ydx
+
2
dy y
2
=
0
]
y
2
xy
2
dy
+
y
3
dx
+
2
dy
=
0
y
3
dx
+
(
xy
2
+
2
)
dy
=
0
Examle 2Eliminate t!e ar$itrary constants of
y
=
Ae
2
x
+
Bxe
2
x
Solution
y
=
Ae
2
x
+
Bxe
2
x
eqn 1
y
'
=
A
(
2
e
2
x
)
+
B
[
x
(
2
e
2
x
)
+
e
2
x
(
1
)
]
y
'
=
2
Ae
2
x
+
2
Bxe
2
x
+
Be
2
x
y
'
=
2
y
+
Be
2
x
eqn 2
y
''
=
2
y'
+
2
Be
2
x
eqn 3
/ultily eqn 2 $y ' 2 an" com$ine t!e result wit! eqn %
−
2
y
'
=−
4
y
−
2
Be
2
x
y
= 2y'+2 {Be} ^ {2x}
y
-2y'=2y'-4y
y
-4y'+4y=0
ExercisesEliminate t!e ar$itrary constants of t!e following eneral solution(S)Answer (&DE)1
.
y
=
cx
+
c
2
+
1
y
=
x y
'
+
(
y'
)
2
+
1
2.
y
2
=
4
ax
ydx
−
2
xdy
=
0
3.
y
=
4
+
ce
3
x
dydx
−
3
y
+
12
=
0
4.
y
=
x
+
c
1
e
x
+
c
2
e
−
x
y
-y+x=0
.
y
=
x
2
+
c
1
x
+
c
2
e
−
x
y
-2)+xy'-y- {x} ^ {2} =0
(
x
+
1
)
¿
!.
y
=
Ae
x
+
Bxe
x
y
-2y'+y=0
".
y
=
c
1
e
−
x
+
c
2
e
2
x
+
c
3
e
−
3
x
y
'' '
−
2
y
-5y'-6y=0