D.E 6rd Edition

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Elementary Diferential Equation
cxvxvxcvSolve xcvxcvxcvfollowing Dierential yrtyrty tions (Review on Calculus)
0x and2y when 4 .10 0x and1-y when 3 .9 2 x and2y when 2sin4 .8 0x and6y when 3 .7 3 .642 .514 .46cos4 .3 3 .22 .1
3222223
=====++= ======+=+====+=
 x x x
edxdye xdxdy xdxdyedxdy x xdxdy xdxdy xdxdy xdxdy xdxdy x xdxdy
π  
 
2
Elementary Diferential Equation
Elementary Dierential Equation
Dierential Equation A Dierential Equation ( DE ) is one w!ic! contains wit!in it at least one "erivative or "ierentialsClassi#cation of Dierential EquationA Dierential Equation may$e classi#e" as to t!e following c!aracteristics%&RDER%!ig!est ' or"ere" "erivative in t!e equationDEREE%largest ower or exonent of t!e !ig!est ' or"ere" "erivative resent in t!e equation *+,E%DE may $e
ordinary 
- or
 partial
 as to t!e tye of "erivatives or "ierentials aearing in t!e equation- t!at is- if it containsor"inary "erivatives- it is an
ordinary D.E
 an" if t!e "erivatives are artial- t!e equation is a
 partial D.E.
E.A/,0ESDE
a
¿
 dydx
=
 x
3
b
¿
 d
2
id
2
4
i
+
a
=
0
c
¿
(
2
 x
2
+
 y
2
)
dx
+
2
 xydy
=
0
d
¿
yx
=
 ∂
2
 yx
2
 +
2
 ∂
2
 yx
2
d
2
wd x
2
 ¿
3
+
 xy dwdx
 +
w
=
e
¿¿
d
2
 yd x
2
¿¿
 ¿¿
 y
¿¿
g
¿
 y
' ' 
+¿
&RDER1212222DEREE11111 *+,E&r"inary&r"inary&r"inary,artial&r"inary&r"inary&r"inary *+,ES & S&03*4&5 *& A D4ERE5*4A0 E63A*4&5A) ,articular Solution%*!e solution to a DE is sai" to $e
 particular 
 if it "oes not contain any ar$itrary constants7) eneral Solution%*!e solution to a DE is sai" to $e
general
 if it contains at least one ar$itrary constants
5
 
Elementary Diferential Equation
 *!e "e#nition of an ar$itrary constant is a mat! term for a quantity t!at remains t!e same t!roug! t!e "uration of t!e ro$lem
Elimination of Ar$itrary Constants
&ne of t!e ways "ierential equations are o$taine" is t!e elimination of ar$itrary constants from t!e given general solutionseneral Solutions to &r"inary Dierential Equation/et!o"s of Eliminating Ar$itrary Constants1 7y "ierentiation an" Com$ination Dierentiate t!e equation 8n8 times *!e 8n8 ar$itrary constants may t!en $e eliminate" from t!e 8n918 equations *!e result will $e a "ierential equation in or"er of n S wit! one ar$itrary constant irst or"er &DE S wit! two ar$itrary constants Secon" or"er &DE S wit! t!ree ar$itrary constants *!ir" or"er &DE2 7y 4solation of constants 7efore "ierentiation- isolate one of t!e ar$itrary constants- free from any varia$le so t!at it will "isaear after "ierentiationExamle 1Eliminate t!e ar$itrary constant of
 xy
2
2
=
cy
Solution7y "ierentiation an" com$ination
 xy
2
2
=
cy x
(
2
 ydy
)
+
 y
2
dx
0
=
cdy
 
 x
(
2
 ydy
)
+
 y
2
dx
0
=
(
 xy
 2
 y
)
dy
2
 xy
2
dy
+
 y
3
dx
=
 xy
2
dy
2
dy xy
2
dy
+
2
dy
+
 y
3
dx
=
0
(
 xy
2
+
2
)
dy
+
 y
3
dx
=
0
7y isolation of constants
 xy
2
2
=
cy
 (Divide both sides by y)
 xy
2
 y
=
c
&DES
5
 
:
Elementary Diferential Equation
 xdy
+
 ydx
 y
(
0
)
2
dy y
2
 =
0
[
 xdy
+
 ydx
+
2
dy y
2
 =
0
]
 y
2
 xy
2
dy
+
 y
3
dx
+
2
dy
=
0
 y
3
dx
+
(
 xy
2
+
2
)
dy
=
0
Examle 2Eliminate t!e ar$itrary constants of
 y
=
 Ae
2
 x
+
Bxe
2
 x
Solution
 y
=
 Ae
2
 x
+
Bxe
2
 x
 eqn 1
 y
=
 A
(
2
e
2
 x
)
+
B
[
 x
(
2
e
2
 x
)
+
e
2
 x
(
1
)
 ]
 y
=
2
 Ae
2
 x
+
2
Bxe
2
 x
+
Be
2
 x
 y
=
2
 y
+
Be
2
 x
eqn 2
 y
'
=
2
 y
+
2
Be
2
 x
eqn 3
/ultily eqn 2 $y ' 2 an" com$ine t!e result wit! eqn %
 
2
 y
=−
4
 y
2
Be
2
 x
 
 y
 = 2y'+2 {Be} ^ {2x}
 
 y
-2y'=2y'-4y
 
 y
-4y'+4y=0
ExercisesEliminate t!e ar$itrary constants of t!e following eneral solution(S)Answer (&DE)1
.
 y
=
cx
+
c
2
+
1
 y
=
 x y
+
(
 y
)
2
+
1
2.
 y
2
=
4
ax
 
 ydx
2
 xdy
=
0
 3.
 y
=
4
+
ce
3
 x
 dydx
3
 y
+
12
=
0
4.
 y
=
 x
+
c
1
e
 x
+
c
2
e
 x
 y
-y+x=0
.
 y
=
 x
2
+
c
1
 x
+
c
2
e
 x
 
 y
-2)+xy'-y- {x} ^ {2} =0
(
 x
+
1
)
¿
!.
 y
=
 Ae
 x
+
Bxe
 x
 y
-2y'+y=0
".
 y
=
c
1
e
 x
+
c
2
e
2
 x
+
c
3
e
3
 x
 
 y
'' ' 
2
 y
-5y'-6y=0
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