CSC-103 Line Protection IED Technical Application Manual (0SF.451.083E) - V1.02
CSC-103 Line Protection IED Technical Application Manual (0SF.451.083E) - V1.02
CSC-103 Line Protection IED Technical Application Manual (0SF.451.083E) - V1.02
Version V1.02
Doc.Code0SF.451.083 (E)
Issued Date2013.9
VersionV1.02
Doc. Code0SF.451.083(E)
Issued Date2013.9
Copyright owner: Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd
Note: the company keeps the right to perfect the instruction. If equipment
does not agree with the instruction at anywhere, please contact our company
in time. We will provide you with corresponding service.
Preface
Purpose of this manual
This manual describes the functions, operation, installation, and placing into service
of device CSC-103. In particular, one will find:
Information on how to configure the device scope and a description of the device
functions and setting options;
A compilation of the most significant data for experienced users in the Appendix.
Target Audience
Protection engineers, commissioning engineers, personnel concerned with
adjustment, checking, and service of selective protective equipment, automatic and
control facilities, and personnel of electrical facilities and power plants.
Indication of Conformity
Additional Support
In case of further questions concerning IED CSC-103 system, please contact
SIFANG representative.
Safety information
Avoid to touching the circuitry when covers are removed. The IED
contains electirc circuits which can be damaged if exposed to static
electricity. Lethal high voltage circuits are also exposed when covers
are removed
Using the isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present
Changing the setting value group will inevitably change the IEDs
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the
change
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................1
1 Overview ...............................................................................................................................2
2 Features................................................................................................................................3
3 Functions ..............................................................................................................................6
3.1
Protection functions...............................................................................................6
3.2
Monitoring functions ..............................................................................................7
3.3
Station communication .........................................................................................8
3.4
Remote communication ........................................................................................8
3.5
IED software tools .................................................................................................8
Chapter 2 General IED application ...................................................................................... 11
1 Display information ............................................................................................................12
1.1
LCD screen display function...............................................................................12
1.2
Analog display function ....................................................................................... 12
1.3
Report display function ....................................................................................... 12
1.4
Menu dispaly function ......................................................................................... 12
2 Report record ..................................................................................................................... 13
3 Disturbance recorder .........................................................................................................14
3.1
Introduction ..........................................................................................................14
3.2
Setting ..................................................................................................................14
4 Self supervision function ...................................................................................................16
4.1
Introduction ..........................................................................................................16
4.2
Self supervision principle .................................................................................... 16
4.3
Self supervision report ........................................................................................ 16
5 Time synchronization .........................................................................................................18
5.1
Introduction ..........................................................................................................18
5.2
Synchronization principle .................................................................................... 18
5.2.1
Synchronization from IRIG .................................................................................19
5.2.2
Synchronization via PPS or PPM.......................................................................19
5.2.3
Synchronization via SNTP ..................................................................................19
6 Setting .................................................................................................................................20
6.1
Introduction ..........................................................................................................20
6.2
Operation principle .............................................................................................. 20
7 Authorization ...................................................................................................................... 21
7.1
Introduction ..........................................................................................................21
Chapter 3 Basic protection elements ..................................................................................23
1 Startup element ..................................................................................................................24
1.1
Introduction ..........................................................................................................24
1.2
Sudden-change current startup element ........................................................... 24
1.3
Zero-sequence current startup element ............................................................ 25
1.4
Overcurrent startup element...............................................................................26
1.5
Low-voltage startup element (for weak infeed systems)..................................27
1.6
Steady state consistence loosing startup .......................................................... 27
1
1.2.2
Impedance characteristic ............................................................................63
1.2.3
Extended polygonal distance protection zone characteristic ................... 64
1.2.4
Minimum operating current .........................................................................66
1.2.5
Measuring principle ...................................................................................... 66
1.2.6
Distance element direction determination ..................................................69
1.2.7
Power swing blocking ..................................................................................70
1.2.8
Phase-to-earth fault determination ............................................................. 79
1.2.9
Logic diagram ............................................................................................... 79
1.3
Input and output signals...................................................................................... 85
1.4
Setting parameters .............................................................................................. 86
1.4.1
Setting list .....................................................................................................86
1.4.2
Setting explanation ...................................................................................... 91
1.4.3
Calculation example for distance parameter settings ............................... 93
1.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................106
1.6
Technical data ...................................................................................................107
Chapter 6 Teleprotection .................................................................................................... 110
1 Teleprotection schemes for distance .............................................................................. 111
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 111
1.2
Teleprotection principle..................................................................................... 111
1.2.1
Permissive underreach transfer trip (PUTT) scheme ............................. 111
1.2.2
Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT) scheme ................................ 112
1.2.3
Blocking scheme ........................................................................................ 113
1.2.4
Additional teleprotection logics ................................................................. 115
1.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 116
1.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 117
1.4.1
Setting list ................................................................................................... 118
1.4.2
Setting explanation .................................................................................... 118
1.5
Reports ............................................................................................................... 119
1.6
Technical data ................................................................................................... 119
2 Teleprotection for directional earth fault protection ....................................................... 120
2.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................120
2.2
Protection principle............................................................................................ 120
2.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 121
2.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 122
2.4.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................123
2.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................123
Chapter 7 Overcurrent protection ...................................................................................... 126
1 Overcurrent protection .....................................................................................................127
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................127
1.2
Protection principle............................................................................................ 127
1.2.1
Measured quantities .................................................................................. 127
1.2.2
Time characteristic ..................................................................................... 127
1.2.3
Direciton determination feature .................................................................129
1.2.4
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 130
3
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.2
Introduction ........................................................................................................171
Function principle .............................................................................................. 171
1.2.1
Function description ................................................................................... 171
1.2.2
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 172
1.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 172
1.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 174
1.4.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................174
1.4.2
Setting calculation example ......................................................................175
1.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................175
1.6
Technical data ...................................................................................................176
Chapter 11 Overload protection ........................................................................................... 178
1 Overload protection .........................................................................................................179
1.1
Protection principle............................................................................................ 179
1.1.1
Function description ................................................................................... 179
1.1.2
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 179
1.2
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 179
1.3
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 180
1.3.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................180
1.4
Reports ...............................................................................................................180
Chapter 12 Overvoltage protection ...................................................................................... 182
1 Overvoltage protection ....................................................................................................183
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................183
1.2
Protection principle............................................................................................ 183
1.2.1
Phase to phase overvoltage protection .................................................... 183
1.2.2
Phase to earth overvlotage protection ..................................................... 184
1.2.3
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 184
1.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 184
1.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 185
1.4.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................186
1.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................186
1.6
Technical data ...................................................................................................187
Chapter 13 Undervoltage protection.................................................................................... 188
1 Undervoltage protection ..................................................................................................189
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................189
1.2
Protection principle............................................................................................ 189
1.2.1
Phase to phase underovltage protection ................................................. 189
1.2.2
Phase to earth undervoltage protection ................................................... 190
1.2.3
Depending on the VT location ...................................................................190
1.2.4
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 191
1.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 192
1.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 194
1.4.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................194
1.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................195
1.6
Technical data ...................................................................................................195
5
1.6
Technical data ...................................................................................................229
Chapter 18 Synchro-check and energizing check function ...............................................230
1 Synchro-check and energizing check function .............................................................. 231
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................231
1.2
Function principle .............................................................................................. 231
1.2.1
Synchro-check mode ................................................................................. 231
1.2.2
Energizing ckeck mode .............................................................................232
1.2.3
Override mode............................................................................................ 233
1.2.4
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 233
1.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 234
1.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 235
1.4.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................235
1.4.2
Setting explanation .................................................................................... 236
1.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................236
1.6
Technical data ...................................................................................................237
Chapter 19 Auto-reclosing function ..................................................................................... 240
1 Auto-reclosing .................................................................................................................. 241
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................241
1.2
Function principle .............................................................................................. 241
1.2.1
Single-shot reclosing ................................................................................. 241
1.2.2
Multi-shot reclosing .................................................................................... 243
1.2.3
Auto-reclosing operation mode .................................................................245
1.2.4
Auto-reclosing initiation .............................................................................246
1.2.5
Cooperating with external protection IED ................................................247
1.2.6
Auto-reclosing logic.................................................................................... 248
1.2.7
AR blocked conditions ...............................................................................250
1.2.8
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 251
1.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 254
1.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 255
1.4.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................255
1.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................257
1.6
Technical data ...................................................................................................258
Chapter 20 Secondary system supervision ........................................................................260
1 Current circuit supervision............................................................................................... 261
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................261
1.2
Function diagram............................................................................................... 261
1.3
Input and output signals.................................................................................... 261
1.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 262
1.4.1
Setting lists .................................................................................................262
1.4.2
Setting explanation .................................................................................... 262
1.5
Reports ...............................................................................................................262
2 Fuse failure supervision ..................................................................................................263
2.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................263
2.2
Function principle .............................................................................................. 263
7
2.2.1
Three phases (symmetrical) VT Fail ........................................................ 263
2.2.2
Single/two phases (asymmetrical) VT Fail............................................... 264
2.2.3
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 264
2.3
Input and output signals ................................................................................... 265
2.4
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 266
2.4.1
Setting list ................................................................................................... 266
2.5
Technical data ................................................................................................... 267
Chapter 21 Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 270
1 Check Phase-sequence for voltage and current ........................................................... 271
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 271
2 Check 3I0 polarity ............................................................................................................ 271
2.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 271
3 Check the third harmonic of voltage ............................................................................... 271
3.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 271
4 Check auxiliary contact of circuit breaker ...................................................................... 271
4.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 271
5 Broken conductor............................................................................................................. 272
5.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 272
5.1.1
Logic diagram ............................................................................................. 272
5.2
Input and output signals ................................................................................... 272
5.3
Setting parameters ............................................................................................ 273
5.3.1
Setting list ................................................................................................... 273
5.4
Reports............................................................................................................... 274
6 Fault locator...................................................................................................................... 275
6.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 275
Chapter 22 Station communication...................................................................................... 278
1 Overview........................................................................................................................... 279
2 Protocol............................................................................................................................. 279
2.1
IEC61850-8 communication protocol .............................................................. 279
2.2
IEC60870-5-103 communication protocol....................................................... 279
3 Communication port ........................................................................................................ 280
3.1
Front communication port ................................................................................. 280
3.2
RS485 communication ports ............................................................................ 280
3.3
Ethernet communication ports ......................................................................... 280
4 Typical communication scheme...................................................................................... 280
4.1
Typical substation communication scheme .................................................... 280
4.2
Typical time synchronizing scheme ................................................................. 281
5 Technical data .................................................................................................................. 282
5.1
Front communication port ................................................................................. 282
5.2
RS485 communication port .............................................................................. 282
5.3
Ethernet communication port ........................................................................... 282
5.4
Time synchronization ........................................................................................ 283
Chapter 23 Remote communication .................................................................................... 284
1 Binary signal transfer ....................................................................................................... 285
5.4.4
Ratio of CT..................................................................................................367
5.4.5
Rated secondary current ...........................................................................367
5.4.6
Secondary burden...................................................................................... 367
5.5
Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f requirements ............................................368
5.5.1
Line differential protection .........................................................................368
5.5.2
Transformer differential protection ............................................................ 369
5.5.3
Busbar differential protection ....................................................................370
5.5.4
Distance protection .................................................................................... 371
5.5.5
Definite time overcurrent protection and earth fault protection ..............372
5.5.6
Inverse time overcurrent protection and earth fault protection ...............373
11
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
Overview
The CSC-103 is selective, reliable and high speed comprehensive
transmission line protection IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) for
overhead lines, cables or combination of them, with powerful capabilities
to cover following applications:
Short lines
Satisfy the requirement for single and /or three pole tripping
Chapter 1 Introduction
Features
Chapter 1 Introduction
delay
Blocking scheme
Inter-tripping scheme
Current reversal
Weak-infeed end
Chapter 1 Introduction
Remote communication
Chapter 1 Introduction
Functions
3.1
Protection functions
Description
ANSI Code
IEC 61850
IEC 60617
Logical Node
graphical
Name
symbol
Differential protection
Line differential protection
87L
PDIF
Distance protection
Distance protection
21, 21N
PDIS
Z<
Power-swing function
68
RPSB
Zpsb
Tele-protection
Communication scheme for distance
protection
Communication scheme for earth fault
protection
8521,21N
PSCH
8567N
PSCH
Current protection
3IINV>
Overcurrent protection
50,51,67
PTOC
3I >>
3I >>>
50N, 51N,
67N
I0INV>
PEFM
I0>>>
50,51
PTOC
50N,51N
PTOC
Switch-onto-fault protection
50HS
PSOF
Overload protection
50OL
PTOC
protection
Emergency/backup earth fault
protection
I0>>
3IINV>
3I >
I0INV>
I0 >
3I >HS
I0>HS
3I >OL
Voltage protection
Overvoltage protection
59
PTOV
3U>
3U>>
Chapter 1 Introduction
Undervoltage protection
27
PTUV
3U<
3U<<
50BF
RBRF
I0>BF
I2>BF
50SH-Z
STUB protection
50STUB
PTOC
50PD
RPLD
3I>STUB
3I< PD
I0>PD
I2>PD
25
RSYN
Auto-recloser
79
RREC
94-1/3
PTRC
OI
3.2
97FF
Monitoring functions
Description
Chapter 1 Introduction
3.3
Station communication
Description
Front communication port
3.4
Remote communication
Description
Communication port
3.5
Chapter 1 Introduction
Functions
IED testing
Disturbance recording analysis
IED configuration
Printing
Chapter 1 Introduction
10
11
Display information
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
12
Report record
The report record includes tripping, alarm and operation reports. See
Chapter 25 for detail.
13
Disturbance recorder
3.1
Introduction
To get fast, complete and reliable information about fault current, voltage,
binary signal and other disturbances in the power system is very
important. This is accomplished by the disturbance recorder function and
facilitates a better understanding of the behavior of the power system and
related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance.
An analysis of the recorded data provides valuable information that can
be used to explain a disturbance, basis for change of IED setting plan,
improvement of existing equipment etc.
The disturbance recorder, always included in the IED, acquires sampled
data from measured analogue quantities, calculated analogue quantity,
binary input and output signals.
The function is characterized by great flexibility and is not dependent on
the operation of protection functions. It can even record disturbances not
tripped by protection functions.
The disturbance recorder information is saved for each of the recorded
disturbances in the IED and the user may use the local human machine
interface or dedicated tool to get some general information about the
recordings. The disturbance recording information is included in the
disturbance recorder files. The information is also available on a station
bus according to IEC 61850 and IEC 60870-5-103.
Fault wave recorder with great capacity, can record full process of any
fault, and can save the corresponding records. Optional data format or
wave format is provided, and can be exported through serial port or
Ethernet port by COMTRADE format.
3.2
Setting
Abbr.
T_Pre Fault
14
Explanation
Time setting for recording time
before fault occurred
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.05
0.05
0.3
Explanation
Time setting for recording time
after fault occurred
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.50
4.50
sample/cycle)
15
4.1
Introduction
The IED may test all hardware components itself, including loop out of
the relay coil. Watch can find whether or not the IED is in fault through
warning LED and warning characters which show in liquid crystal display
and display reports to tell fault type.
The method of fault elimination is replacing fault board or eliminating
external fault.
4.2
4.3
Abbr.(LCD Display)
Description
Sample Err
EquipPara Err
Setting Err
16
Description
BO No Response
BO Breakdown
BI Config Err
BI configuration error
BO Config Err
BO configuration error
BI Comm Fail
BI communication error
BO Comm Fail
BO communication error
Test BO Un_reset
Test BO unreset
BI Breakdown
BI breakdown
DI Input Err
BI input error
NO/NC Discord
NO/NC discordance
BI Check Err
BI check error
BI EEPROM Err
BI EEPROM error
BO EEPROM Err
BO EEPROM error
Battery Off
Battery Off
Not Used
Not used
Trip Fail
Trip fail
AI Channel Err
AI channel error
3I0 Reverse
3I0 reverse
3I0 Imbalance
3I0 imbalance
17
Time synchronization
5.1
Introduction
Use the time synchronization source selector to select a common source
of absolute time for the IED when it is a part of a protection system. This
makes comparison of events and disturbance data between all IEDs in a
SA system possible.
5.2
Synchronization principle
Time definitions
The error of a clock is the difference between the actual time of the clock,
and the time the clock is intended to have. The rate accuracy of a clock is
normally called the clock accuracy and means how much the error
increases, i.e. how much the clock gains or loses time. A disciplined clock
is a clock that knows its own faults and tries to compensate for them, i.e.
a trained clock.
Synchronization principle
From a general point of view synchronization can be seen as a
hierarchical structure. A module is synchronized from a higher level and
provides synchronization to lower levels.
18
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
19
Setting
6.1
Introduction
Settings are divided into separate lists according to different functions.
The printed setting sheet consists of two parts -setting list and
communication parameters.
6.2
Operation principle
The setting procedure can be ended at the time by the key SET or
QUIT. If the key SET is pressed, the display shows the question
choose setting zone. The range of setting zone is from 1 to 16. After
confirming with the setting zone-key SET, those new settings will be
valid. If key QUIT is pressed instead, all modification which have been
changed will be ignored.
20
Authorization
7.1
Introduction
To safeguard the interests of our customers, both the IED and the tools
that are accessing the IED are protected, subject of authorization
handling. The concept of authorization, as it is implemented in the IED
and the associated tools is based on the following facts:
There are different levels (or types) of guest, super user and
protection engineer that can access or operate different areas of the
IED and tools functionality.
21
22
23
Startup element
1.1
Introduction
Startup elements are designed to detect a faulty condition in the power
system and initiate all necessary procedures for selective clearance of
the fault, e.g. determination of the faulted loop(s), delaying time starting
for different functions. IED startup can release DC power supply for
binary output contacts. Once startup element operates, it does not reset
until all abnormal conditions have reset.
Startup element includes:
1.2
i I _ abrupt
or
3i0 I _ abrupt
Equation 1
where
24
1.3
Where
k is internal coefficient
3I0_EF1 is the setting value of definite time stage 1 of the earth fault
protection
3I0_EF2 is the setting value of definite time stage 2 of the earth fault
protection
3I0_EF Inv is the setting value of inverse time stage of the earth fault
protection
25
1.4
where
k is internal coefficient
Ioc is min{ I_OC1, I_OC2, I_OC Inv, I_Em/BU OC, I_Inv_Em/BU OC,
I_STUB, I_SOTF }
I_OC Inv is the setting value of inverse time stage of the overcurrent
protection function.
26
1.5
where:
1.6
k is internal coefficient
Ia > I_PSB, Ib > I_PSB, Ic > I_PSB, and the sudden-change current
27
If any of the conditions has continued for 30ms, steady state consistence
loosing startup will operated.
Phase selector
2.1
Introduction
To efficiently detect faulty phase(s), An integrated phase selector is used
for various fault types. By processing on the currents and voltages values,
IED detects whether a fault is single-phase or multiple-phase. Therefore,
selected phase(s) is (are) used to issue phase selective trip command.
Three types of phase selector are designed:
2.2
28
Phase
Selected
AB
BC
CA
ABC
IAB
IBC
ICA
2.3
I0a
+30
AN,BCN
ABN
+90
-30
BCN
-90
CN,ABN
BN,CAN
0
+150
CAN
-150
.
Figure 1 relation between angle of zero and negative sequence component for various
29
Angle range
+30 to -30
AG or BCG
+90 to +30
ABG
+150 to +90
CG or ABG
-150 to +150
CAG
-90 to -150
BG or CAG
-30 to -90
BCG
For example, if the angle between I2 and I0 is in the range of -30to +30
the fault type may be A-phase to ground or BC-phases to ground.
As indicated inTable 3, areas 2, 4 and 6 directly determines related fault
type, but areas 1, 3 and 5 indicate that two type of fault may happen. In
this case, the two fault types can be differentiated by phase-to-phase
impedance calculation. If the impedance is larger than specified value,
then phase-to-phase fault is impossible and single-phase to ground fault
will be confirmed. Otherwise phase-to-phase fault will be selected.
2.4
where:
30
Directional elements
3.1
Introduction
Four kinds of directional elements are employed for reliable
determination of various faults direction. The related protection modules,
such as distance protection, tele-protection, overcurrent and earth fault
protections, utilize the output of the directional elements as one of their
operating condition. All the following directional elements will cooperate
with the above protection functions.
3.2
3.3
31
3I 0
90
0
3U 0_Ref
Angle_EF
Angle_Range
EF
Forward
-3 I 0
Bisector
where:
Angle_EF: The settable characteristic angle
Angle_Range EF: 80
The angle of direction characteristic can be adjusted by Angle_EF setting
value to comply with different system condition. Fault direction is
detected as forward if -3i0 phasor is in shaded area of Figure 2.
3.4
32
3I2
90
0
3 U 2_ Ref
Angle_Neg
Angle_Range
Neg
Forward
-3 I 2
Bisector
where:
Angle_Neg: The settable characteristic angle
Angle_Range Neg: 80
The angle of direction characteristic can be adjusted by Angle_Neg
setting value to comply with different system condition. Fault direction is
detected as forward if -3i2 phasor is in shaded area of Figure 3.
3.5
33
X_Set
X
Forward
-nR_Set
R_Set
Reverse
-nX_Set
where:
R_SET: The resistance setting value of relevant zone of distance protection
X_SET: The reactance setting of relevant zone of distance protection
n: Multiplier for reverse directional element, which makes the reverse
directional element more sensitive than forward one. For distance
protection, n should be selected as 1; for teleprotection, n should be
selected as 1.25;
Setting parameters
4.1
Setting list
Table 4 Basic protection element setting list
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
0.08Ir
20Ir
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
Sudden-change
I_abrupt
0.2Ir
current threshold of
startup element
T_Relay Reset
0.5
10
U_Primary
kV
30
800
230
U_Secondary
100
120
100
34
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
voltage (phase to
phase)
CT_Primary
kA
0.05
CT_Secondary
4.2
Setting explanation
The setting values are all secondary values if there is no special note.
Impedance setting is set according to impedance of line.
In this manual, wherever zero-sequence current is refered, the meaning
is 3I0.
1)
4)
kA.
5)
6)
35
36
37
5.1
Introduction
The line differential protection consists of three protection functions,
phase segregated differential protection function, sudden change current
differential protection function and zero sequence current differential
protection function. These three functions are associated to achieve high
sensitivity and reliability with capacitive charge current compensation and
reliable phase selection, during various system disturbances. The
precise time synchronization of sampling ensures the differential
protection of both end IEDs to operate reliably.
5.2
Protection principle
N
M
CB
TA
IM
TA
IM
ABC
CSC-103
ABC
CSC-103
Channel
IN
ABC
CB
IN
ABC
38
K2
I_2Diff
K1
I_1Diff
I_1Res
I_2Res
IRes
where:
39
I Re s ( IM IMC ) ( IN INC )
where:
IMC and INC: The capacitive charging current in each phase of the
protected line, which are calculated from the measured voltage in each
end of the line
The characteristics can be described with following formula:
IDiff I _ Set
at 0 IDiff 3I _ Set
IDiff K1I Re s ,
IDiff K 2 I Re s I _ Set , at 3I _ Set
40
operating area
K2
I_2Diff
K1
I_1Diff
I_1Res
I_2Res
IRes
where:
IDiff : Sudden-change of differential currents
IRes : Sudden-change of restraining currents
K1 = 0.6
K2 = 0.8
I_1Diff= 1 I_Set
41
IDiff IM IN
I Re s IM IN
IM : Variable of current flowing toward the protected feeder from end M
IN : Variable of current flowing toward the protected feeder from end N
The characteristics can be described with following formula:
IDiff I _ Set
at 0 IDiff 3I _ Set
IDiff K1I Re s ,
IDiff K 2I Re s I _ Set , at IDiff 3I _ Set
42
I0Diff
Operating area
I_0Diff
I0Res
where:
I0Diff: Zero sequence differential currents
I0Res: Zero sequence restraining currents
K=0.75
I_0Diff: I_Diff ZeroSeq, the zero sequence differential current setting
The differential current I0Diff and the restraining current I0Res are
calculated in the IED using the measured current flowing through both
sides of the protected feeder (End M and N), according to following
formula.
43
I 0 Diff I _ Set
I 0 Diff kI 0 Re s
44
Other principle
9.1
Startup element
9.1.1
9.1.2
45
IMC1
UM 1
j 2 XC1
IMC 2
UM 2
j 2 XC 2
IMC 0
UM 0
j 2 XC 0
UM 1 UM 2 UM 0 UM 0
j 2 XC1
UM 0
j 2 XC 0
UMA UM 0 UM 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
2
IMBC * IMC1 * IMC 2 IMC 0
2
*UM 1 *UM 2 UM 0 UM 0
UM 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
UMB UM 0 UM 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
47
*UM 1 *UM 2 UM 0 UM 0
UM 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
UMC UM 0 UM 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
9.3
INAC
UNA UN 0 UN 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
INBC
UNB UN 0 UN 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
INCC
UNA UN 0 UN 0
j 2 XC1
j 2 XC 0
CT saturation discrimination
Based on current waveform principle, the protection can discriminate the
CT saturation condition. Once under this condition, the protection will use
a new differential and restraint characteristic shown in Figure 12, to
guarantee the security of the protection.
48
IDiff
Operating area
I_LDiffCT
IRes
where:
I_LDiffCT= Max (I_Diff High, I_Diff Low, 0.5 CT_Secondary)
CT_Secondary: The CT secondary rated current
K=0.9
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
Logic diagram
3I0>I_Diff ZeroSeq
No CT Fail
A
N
D
T_Diff ZeroSeq
Relay trip
50
O
R
A
N
D
Offside:startup
Offside: Func_Diff Curr On
Channel OK
A
N
D
Relay startup
Func_Diff Curr On
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
IA_diff>I_Diff High
A Phase CT fail
A
N
D
IA_diff>I_Diff TA Fail
Block Diff CT_Fail off
O
R
A
N
D
IB_diff>I_Diff High
B Phase CT fail
A
N
D
IB_diff>I_Diff TA Fail
Block Diff CT_Fail off
Relay trip
O
R
O
R
A
N
D
IC_diff>I_Diff High
C Phase CT fail
A
N
D
IC_diff>I_Diff TA Fail
Block Diff CT_Fail off
O
R
A Phase CT fail
B Phase CT fail
C Phase CT fail
Block Diff CT_Fail on
O
R
A
N
D
51
A
N
D
ZONE2 forward
A
N
D
ZONE3 forward
DTT By Z3 on
DTT By startup
General startup
O
R
DTT By Z2 on
DTT By Z3 on
DTT By startup on
A
N
D
A
N
D
9.10
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
UP1
Trip 3Ph
UP2
Relay Block AR
UP3
Tele_Trans1
BO_DTT
Tele_Trans2
Tele_Trans1
DTT
Tele_Trans2
Chan_A_Test
Channel A Alarm
Chan_B_Test
Channel B Alarm
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
52
Relay trip
Description
Tele_Trans1
Tele_Trans2
DTT
DTT
Chan_A_Test
Channel A test
Chan_B_Test
Channel B test
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
BO_DTT
Tele_Trans1
Tele_Trans2
Channel A Alarm
Channel A alarm
Channel B Alarm
Channel B alarm
9.11
Setting parameters
9.11.1
Setting list
Table 8 Line differential protection function setting list
Min.
No.
Setting
Unit
I_Diff High
0.1Ir
20Ir
0.4Ir
I_Diff Low
0.1Ir
20Ir
0.4Ir
I_Diff TA Fail
0.1Ir
20Ir
2Ir
(Ir:5A/1A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
high current threshold of
differential protection
low current threshold of
differential protection
current threshold of
differential protection at
53
0.1Ir
20Ir
threshold of zero
0.2Ir
sequence differential
protection
T_Diff
ZeroSeq
T_DTT
0.1
60
0.1
sequence differential
protection
CT Factor
10
0.1
0.2
XC1
Ohm
40
9000
9000
capacitive reactance of
line
XC0
Ohm
40
9000
9000
X1_Reactor
Ohm
90
9000
9000
X0_Reactor
Ohm
Local
Address
Opposite
Address
90
9000
9000
65535
00000
65535
Setting
Unit
Func_Diff
Curr
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
1
differential protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
sudden change
Func_Diff
Curr Abrupt
differential protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
double
Dual_Channel
channels(1)/single
channel(0)
Master Mode
Comp
Capacitor Cur
54
compensation
enable(1)/disable(0)
Block Diff
CT_Fail
differential protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
CT fail block 3
0
phases(1)/ CT fail
block single phase(0)
AR initiated by zero
Diff_Zero Init
AR
sequence differential
protection
Channel A apply
Chan_A
Ext_Clock
external clock
enable(1)/internal
clock disable(0)
Channel A at 64Kb/s
Chan_A 64k
Rate
enable(1)/2M Kb/s
disable(0)
Channel B apply
Chan_B
Ext_Clock
external clock
enable(1)/disable(0)
Chan_B 64k
Rate
Channel B at 64Kb/s
enable(1)/disable(0)
channel loop test
Loop Test
mode
enable(1)/disable(0)
DTT By
Startup
DTT By Z2
distance element
control
DTT under Zone 3
DTT By Z3
distance element
control
9.11.2
Setting explanation
9.11.2.1
55
5)
1
XC1 NTA / NTV
2fC1
1
XC 0 NTA / NTV
2fC 0
When the capacitive current is less than 0.1In, capacitive current of
compensation is needless, so the control world Comp Capacitor Cur set
"0", and the positive- and zero-sequence capacitive reactance of line
could be set as 9000.
When the capacitive current exceeds 0.1In. The control world Comp
Capacitor Cur should be set "1". Set according to secondary value of
line full-length. Table 10 provide reference to capacitive reactance and
capacitive current of per 100 km. When adjusting setting, TA
transformation ratio and TV transformation ratio should be considered.
56
Positive-sequence
Zero-sequence
Capacitive
grade
capacitive reactance
(kV)
220
3736
5260
34
330
2860
4170
66
500
2590
3790
111
750
2242
3322
193
2
X1_ Reactor NTA / NTV U / S
2
X 0 _ Re actor NTA / NTV (U / S+3XN)
2
6
XDK 1 2000 / 7500 800000 / 3 100 10 568.8
XDK1 = 9000
XDK0 = 9000
Each pilot protection system has one and only address identification
code in the power grid. Identification code of equipment address can be
set via the setting of Local Address and Opposite Address.
7)
The IED sends Local Address together with reports to the remote
when reports are transportted. Only the address code in received report
equals to Opposite Address could the IED work normally. If the address
code in received report not equal to Opposite Address, but equal to
Local Address, the IED will alarm Chan_A(B) Loop Err. If the address
code in received report neither equals to Local Address nor equals to
Opposite Address, the IED will alarm Chan_A(B) Addr Err.
To make optic self-looping test, the control bit of Loop Test has to
be set to 1. In normal operation, this setting should be set as 0.
8)
9.12
Reports
Table 11 Event report list
Abbr.
Meaning
DTT
DTT
Tele_Trans1 OPTD
Tele_Trans2 OPTD
Tele_Trans1 Drop
Tele_Trans2 Drop
WeakInfeed Init
WeakInfeed initiated
OppositeEnd Init
3Ph Diff_Curr
3PH Res_Curr
BI_DTT
BI_Tele_Trans1
BI_Tele_Trans2
OppositeEnd Trip
Sample No_Syn
58
Meaning
Sample Syn OK
Channel A Data
Channel B Data
Meaning
Local CT Fail
Local CT fail
Opposite CT Fail
Opposite CT fail
Diff_Curr Alarm
BI_DTT Alarm
Chan_Loop Enable
ChanA_B Across
Opposite CommErr
Func_CurDiff Err
DoubleChan Test
Abbr.
Meaning
Func_DiffCurr On
FuncDiffCurr Off
Chan_A Tele_Loop
Channel A loop on
Chan_B Tele_Loop
Channel B loop on
Chan_A Comm OK
Chan_B Comm OK
OppositeEnd On
Opposite end on
OppositeEnd Off
59
Technical data
Table 14 Line differential protection technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Item
Differential current of
Rang or Value
Tolerance
0.1 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% or 0.02Ir
0.1 Ir to 4.00 Ir
3% or 0.02Ir
1% or +20 ms
Phase segregated
differential protection
Sudden change
differential protection
Differential current of
Zero sequence differential
protection
Time delay of Zero
sequence differential
protection
Operating time of
and IDifferential>2IRestraint
Phase segregated
differential protection
Sudden change
differential protection
60
61
Distance protection
1.1
Introduction
Transmission line distance protection covers five full scheme protection
zones in addition to one zone extension. The IED employes separated
measuring element for three single-phase fault loops and three phase to
phase fault loops for each individual zones.
Individual settable zones in resistance and reactance component give the
flexibility for useing on overhead lines and cables of different types and
lengths.
The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together
with a sensitive and reliable built in phase selection makes the function
suitable in applications with single phase auto-reclosing. Figure 16
illustrates the different available zone characteristics.
X
Zone 5
Zone 4
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone Ext.
Zone 1
R
Zone 4 Reverse
(optional)
Zone 5 Reverse
(optional)
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
62
L1-E
L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
ZONE 1
L1-E
L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
EXTENDED
ZONE 1
L1-E
L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
ZONE 2
L1-E
L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
ZONE 3
L1-E
L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
ZONE 4
L1-E
L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
ZONE 5
1.2.2
Impedance characteristic
The IED utilizes quadrilateral characteristic as shown in Figure 18.
X
X_Zset
_Ztop
_Zleft
_Zright
R_Zset
_Zbottom
63
where:
R_Zset: R_ZnPP or R_ZnPE;
X_Zset: X_ZnPP or X_ZnPE;
R_ZnPP: Resistance reach setting for phase to phase fault. Subscript n
means the number of protection zone. Subscript PP means phase to
phase fault.
n: value range: 1, 1Ext, 2, 3, 4, 5.
R_ZnPE: Resistance reach setting for phase to earth fault. Subscript X
means the number of protection zone. Subscript PE means phase to
earth fault.
X_ZnPP: Reactance reach setting for phase to phase fault
X_ZnPE: Reactance reach setting for phase to earth fault
_Ztop: The upper boundary angle of the characteristic in the first
quadrant is designed to avoid distance protection overreaching when a
close-in fault happens on the adjacent line
_Zbottom: The bottom boundary angle of the characteristic in the fourth
quadrant improves the reliability of the IED to operate reliably for close-in
faults with arc resistance
_Zright: The right boundary angle of characteristic in the first quadrant
is used to deal with load encroachment problems
_Zleft: The left boundary angle of the characteristic in the second
quadrant considers the line impedance angle which generally is not
larger than 90. Thus this angle guarantees the correct operation of the
IED.
1.2.3
64
The fault is near the bus and in the reverse direction but measured
impedance is not within the reverse quarilateral characteristic
Using fault phase current and voltage only, resistance value can not
accurately determine whether fault occurs in the reverse direction or the
forward direction. To solve the problem, IED considers the small
rectangle near to origin to extend protection zones. Therefore, to
increase relay reliable operation in addition to the tripping characteristic
mentioned above, an extended zone area with a little rectangular
characteristic is involved. In this case, final direction is determined based
on both extended zone charachterisitc and the criteria mentioned in
Figure 19, including memory voltage direction element, the zero
sequence directional element, and the negative sequence direction
element. In other words, relay generates trip if both direction and
extended zone impedance confirm each other.
This rectangular area, which is called impedance-offset characteristic,
has been shown in Figure 19 which is added to the characteristic shown
in Figure 18.
X
XSet
Top
Left
XOffset
Right
ROffset
Bottom
R
RSet
65
1.2.4
1.2.5
Measuring principle
A separate measuring system has been provided for each of the six
possible impedance loops A-E, B-E, C-E, A-B, B-C, C-A. The impedance
calculation will be continued whether a fault has been detected.
Based on the following differential equations, measuring elements
calculates relevant loop impedances with real-time voltages and
currents.
Measuring of the single phase impedance for a single phase fault is as
follows:
U L
66
d(I K X 3I 0 )
R (I K r 3I 0 )
dt
: A, B, C
U L
dI
R I
dt
: AB, BC, CA
Equation 7
and
Kr=(R0-R1)/3R1
Equation 9
67
With:
U, I
Z = R + jX
ZL =
U L1-E -U L2-E
I L1 -I L2
Equation 11
U L1-E =I A R L +JX L -I E (
RE
X
R L J E X L ) I A R L +JX L -I E (K r R L JK x X L )
RL
XL
Equation 12
1.2.6
The first zone: it is used as fast zone commonly. Since high speed
and required selectivity are quite essential, requirements for the direction
component must be forward direction.
The extended first zone: it is different from the other five zones. It
doesn't work until the Auto-reclosing has been fully charged. It is a back
up of teleprotection.
The third zone: Generally, it is used as the last forward direction zone.
The delay time is longer. Its direction criterion is not reverse direction.
The fourth zone: it is used as non-forward direction zone commonly, so
requirement for the direction component is not forward direction.
1.2.7
70
Introduction
Power swings are oscillations in power flow. The power grid is a very
dynamic network that connects generation to load via transmission lines.
A disturbance-such as a sudden change of load whereas the mechanical
power input to generators remains relatively constant, a power system
fault, or a trip of a large generation unit-may break the balance, cause the
oscillations among the generator rotor angles and force the generators to
adjust to a new operating condition. The adjustment will not happen
instantaneously due to the inertia of the generator prime movers.
Oscillation rate is determined by the inertia of the system and
impedances between different generators.
1.2.7.2
Principle of operation
Power swings are variations in power flow that occur when the internal
voltages of generators at different locations of the power system slip
relative to each other. In this way, voltage and current waveforms will
have a low frequency oscillation over the power system nominal
frequency. Therefore impedance trajectory seen by a distance IED may
enter the fault detection zones and cause unwanted IED operation. For
example consider a simple case with two machine system shown in
Figure 22 to show the system behavior in power swing condition.
1.2.7.3
Impedance trajectory
The current passing through the feeder (IL) will be calculated in any time
by:
IL
ES ER
ZS ZL ZR
Equation 13
The direction of current flow will remain the same during the power swing
event. Only the voltage displacement will change.
71
VA ES IL.ZS ES
ES.(ZS ZL ZR)
ZS
ZS
IL
IL
IL
ES ER
Equation 14
It is assumed that that ES has a phase advance of over ER and that the
ratio of the two source voltage magnitudes, ES/ER, is k. Then:
ES
k (cos j sin )
k (k cos ) j sin
ES ER k (cos j sin ) 1
(k cos ) 2 sin 2
Equation 15
For the particular case where the two sources magnitudes are equal or k
is one, Equation 15 can be expressed as:
ES
1
(1 j cot )
ES ER 2
2
Equation 16
VA (ZS ZL ZR)
(1 j cot ) ZS
IL
2
2
Equation 17
72
1.2.7.4
All phase currents are bigger than the current setting of I_PS, and
the sudden-change current elements have not operated.
As mentioned, if any of the above conditions has been valid for 30ms,
power swing startup will operate and protection program is switched to
power swing blocking routine. At the same time, I_PS STARTUP (for
the first condtion) or Z STARTUP (for the second condition) and
RELAY STARTUP signals are reported. It should be note that I_PSB
should be set larger than maximum load current in the protected feeder.
Operation of sudden-change current indicates a fault occured in the
power system network. In short circuit conditions, the measured
impedance jumps instantaneously from load impedance area to the fault
detection zones. On the other hand, power swings have a slow behavior.
So, lack of operation of current sudden-change element beside high
measured current and/or low calculated impedance indicates that power
swing happened in the system. Therefore above condition has been used
to initiate power swing startup element.
In addition, experimental results of power swing show that it is not
possible for impedance vector to come into the first distance zone in 150
msec after current sudden-change startup operation. Therefore, power
swing blocking logic has been designed such that in 150 msec after
current sudden-change startup, power swing blocking will not happen
and distance protection can trip in this duration if required conditions
fulfill.
System power swings are normally three-phase symmetrical processes.
Therefore, in general, a certain degree of measured value symmetry may
be assumed. Accordingly, beside current sudden-change startup, zero
sequence current startup will be used to remove or prevent power swing
blocking. In addition fault detection during a power swing removes power
swing blocking in the tripping logic.
This unblocking logic of the zones which have already blocked with
74
I_PSB startup
Zero- sequence
current startup
Current change
startup
O
R
|150
A
N
D
0|
A
N
D
O
R
NO PS 1 (2,3,4,5)
A
N
D
Z1(2,3,4,5)_PS blocking
|I0|>m1|I1| or I 2>m2|I 1|
75
76
77
1.2.8
1.2.9
Logic diagram
79
No PS 1
Func_Z1=1
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
Test Pos.Imp=0
80
A
N
D
Z1 detection
No PS 2
A
N
D
Func_Z2=1
Z2 detection
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
Test Pos.Imp=0
81
A
N
D
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
O
R
Test.Pos.Imp=0
Z3 detection
Impedance Within Z3
Symmetric fault
No PS 3
Func_Z3=1
A
N
D
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
Test Pos.Imp=0
Above figure shows the fault detection logic of zone 3. The main
condition of detection is that the calculated impedance lies within Z3
characteristic zone. In addition, detection logic is different for symmetric
and asymmetric faults. For asymmetric faults IED checks direction
criteria to be not reverse while in symmetric faults only the calculated
impedance will be considered. Same as previous ones, power swing
blocking for zone 3 can also be selected individually by binary setting
Z3_PS blocking. If Z3_PS blocking is set to off, power swing
blocking is disabled. If Z3_PS blocking is set to on, power swing
blocking will be enabled.
Zone 4 & 5 faults
Figure 25 shows fault detection logic of zones 4 and 5. Same as zone3,
calculated impedance vector is the main criteria of the zones 4 and 5
detection logic. Since these zones can be selected as forward or reverse
direction, detection logic will be different in these two cases. Forward
direction will be selected if direction detection criteria conciders that the
fault is Not Reverse. Conversely, inverse direction will be selected if
direction detection checking determines fault as Not Forward. Here, it is
also possible to select zones 4 and 5 blocking in power swing condition by
binary settings Z4_PS blocking and Z5_PS blocking.
82
Impedance Within Z4
NOT reverse direction
Func_Z4=1
Reverse_Z4=0
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
A
N
D
Test.Pos.Imp=0
No PS 4
O
R
Z4 detection
Impedance Within Z4
NOT forward direction
Func_Z4=1
Reverse_Z4=1
A
N
D
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
Test Pos.Imp=0
Impedance Within Z5
NOT reverse direction
Func_Z5=1
Reverse_Z5=0
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
A
N
D
Test.Pos.Imp=0
No PS 5
O
R
Z5 detection
Impedance Within Z5
NOT forward direction
Func_Z5=1
Reverse_Z5=1
A
N
D
Imp.Oper.Zone=0
Test Pos.Imp=0
1.2.9.2
Tripping logic
Distance protection tripping will be blocked in the case of VT Fail
83
VT fail
Func_SOTF On
A
N
D
SOTF
O
R
Z1 detection
Ext Z1 detection
|T1
A
N
D
0|
|T1Ext
0|
Z2 detection
|T2
0|
Z3 detection
|T3
0|
Z4 detection
|T4
0|
Z5 detection
|T5
0|
84
Unpermenent trip
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
Permenent trip
AR not ready
A
N
D
Single fault
Trip single
phase
A
N
D
BI 1P Trip
Block
O
R
Trip Tree
phase
AR Init By 2p on
AR Init By 3p on
O
R
AR Init By 3p off
Permenent
Trip
O
R
AR Init By 2p off
Note:
The above trip logic applies to the first zone and the extended first zone
of distance protection as well as teleprotection
1.3
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
IN
Trip 3Ph
INM
Relay Block AR
UP1
Zone1 Trip
UP2
Zone2 Trip
UP3
Zone3 Trip
Zone4 Trip
Zone5 Trip
Zone1Ext Trip
PSB Dist OPTD
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
85
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
IN(M)
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Zone1 Trip
Zone2 Trip
Zone3 Trip
Zone4 Trip
Zone5 Trip
Zone1Ext Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting list
86
Setting
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A/1
setting
A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Kx
-0.33
Kr
-0.33
Description
compensation factor of zero
sequence reactance
compensation factor of zero
sequence resistance
compensation factor of zero
Km
-0.33
sequence mutual
inductance of parallel line
X_Line
Ohm
0.01
600
10
R_Line
Ohm
0.01
600
Line length
km
0.1
999
100
I_PSB
0.5
20Ir
2Ir
R1_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1/5
X1_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1/5
R2_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
X2_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
R3_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
2.4/12
X3_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
2.4/12
R4_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3/15
X4_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3/15
R5_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3.6/18
Setting
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A/1
setting
A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Description
of phase to earth distance
protection
reactance reach of zone 5 of
X5_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3.6/18
R1Ext_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
X1Ext_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
T1_PE
60
T2_PE
60
0.3
T3_PE
60
0.6
T4_PE
60
0.9
T5_PE
60
1.2
T1_Ext_PE
60
0.05
R1_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1/5
X1_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1/5
R2_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
X2_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
88
Setting
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A/1
setting
A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Description
resistance reach of zone 3
R3_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
2.4/12
X3_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
2.4/12
R4_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3/15
X4_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3/15
R5_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3.6/18
X5_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
3.6/18
R1Ext_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
X1Ext_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.05
120/600
1.6/8
T1_PP
60
T2_PP
60
0.3
T3_PP
60
0.6
T4_PP
60
0.9
T5_PP
60
1.2
T1_Ext_PP
60
0.05
Setting
Min.
Unit
(Ir:5A/1A)
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A/1
setting
A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Description
distance protection
3I0_Dist_P
E
0.1Ir
2Ir
0.1Ir
3U0_Dist_
PE
0.5
60
Abbr.
Func_Z1
Explanation
First zone distance protection
operating mode (On/Off)
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
Func_Z3
Func_Z4
Reverse_Z4
Func_Z5
Reverse_Z5
Func_Z1Ext
Z1_PS Blocking
Z2_PS Blocking
Z3_PS Blocking
90
Abbr.
Explanation
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
Z5_PS Blocking
Z1Ext_PS Blocking
Z2 Speedup
Z3 Speedup
Imp.Oper.Zone
Test Pos.Imp
Note: The two settings, Imp.Oper.Zone and Test Pos.Imp, should set
as 1 only for testing. They must be set as 0 in service.
1.4.2
Setting explanation
92
Zone 1 FUNC, Zone Ext FUNC, Zone 2 FUNC, Zone 3 FUNC, Zone 4
FUNC and Zone 5 FUNC can be set by Func_Z1, Func_Z1Ext
Func_Z2, Func_Z3, Func_Z4, Func_Z5individually.
The solidy grounded 400kV overhead Line A-B has been shown in
A
B
127km
139km
21/21N
21/21N
PTR:400/0.1kV
CTR:2000/5
Figure 35 and line parameters are as follows. It is assumed that the line
does not support teleprotection scheme beacuase lack of any
communication link.
A
B
127km
139km
21/21N
21/21N
PTR:400/0.1kV
CTR:2000/5
RE/RL
XE/XL
R 0 R1
=3.00
3R1
X 0 X1
= 0.52
3X 1
in secondary side
Time Delays
94
0.0 sec
0.3 sec
0.6 sec
0.3 sec
T5
inactive
Rarc
2500 / m 2 ph ph spacing
I 3PH MIN
10 kA
6920 MVA
S_base:
1000 MVA
SCC_pu:
6.92 pu
Z_source_pu 1/Scc_pu:
0.14 pu
Z_source_ohm:
23.12
L_source=
0.073598 H
0.03024+ j0.35276
127.0 km
2.350 pu =3.396 kA
8.489 A
R( Z1)
X ()
XDZ
7
14
63.4
14
RDZ
R ()
Figure 36
X (ohm)
Line
angle
0.04
7
3.81
85.1
63.4
R (ohm)
0.33
Figure 37
Line
angle
X (ohm)
0.04
3.58
85.1
63.4
R (ohm)
0.33
98
RTF (1
I2
) Effective Tower Resistance
I1
15
Rarc
3m
5kA
S_base:
1000 MVA
I_base:
1.445 kA
Isc pu:
3.46 pu
99
0.87pu
0.0302+ j0.353
/km
0.302+ j0.900
/km
127.0 km
3.840+ j44.8
=0.024+ j0.28
pu
38.354+ 114.3
=0.240+
j0.714 pu
I1ph- min=31pu/[Zs+2Z1_Line+Z0_Line] :
pu =
kA
1.374490915
1.986
RE ( Z1)
100
Forward
3.10
X(Z1), Reactance
3.81
3.10
XE(Z1), Reactance
3.58
inactive
All zones
X+Line1 =44.8
CTR
PTR
in primary
X+Line2 =48.928
CTR=2000/5 A
CTR/PTR=0.100
PTR=400/0.1kV
So,
101
X (ohm)
Line
angle
0.07
6.72
85.1
63.4
R (ohm)
0.58
R( Z 2) Min
X ( Z 2)
R(Z1)
X ( Line1sec ondary )
RE ( Z 2)
102
X ( Z 2)
1.2 RE ( Z1)
X ( Line1secondary )
103
X ()
XDZ
7
14
63.4
14
RDZ
R ()
X (ohm)
30.1
26.6
63.4
15.1
Rload=40
37
R (ohm)
104
4.70
X(Z2), Reactance
6.79
5.58
XE(Z2), Reactance
6.79
Without any information about line3, Z3 is set %50 larger than Zone2, as
follows:
Operating mode Z3
Forward
R(Z3), Resistance for ph-ph-faults
7.05
X(Z3), Reactance
10.19
8.37
XE(Z3), Reactance
10.19
Zone Z4
Zone 4 is considered to protect %30 of the zone 1 in reverse direction.
So, X (Z4) =0.3X(Z1)=1.16 in secondary side
So, XE(Z4) =0.3XE(Z1)=1.07 in secondary side
So, R (Z4) = 0.3R(Z1)= 0.93 in secondary side
Similar to the R(Z4) setting, the upper and lower limits are defined by
minimum required reach and symmetry. In this application RE(Z4) reach
is set same as R(Z4). And finally:
RE(Z4) = 0.3RE(Z1)= 0.93 in secondary side
Operating mode Z4
Reverse
0.93Ohm
X(Z4), Reactance
1.16Ohm
105
0.93Ohm
XE(Z4), Reactance
1.07Ohm
Zone Z5
Zone 5 is set to be inactive.
1.5
Reports
Table 19 Event report list
Abbr.
Meaning
Relay Startup
Protection startup
Dist Startup
3I0 Startup
Zero-current startup
I_PS Startup
Zone1 Trip
Zone2 Trip
Zone3 Trip
Zone4 Trip
Zone5 Trip
Zone1Ext Trip
Z2 Speedup Trip
Z3 Speedup Trip
Relay Trip 3P
Trip 3 poles
3P Trip (1T_Fail)
Fault Location
Fault location
Impedance_FL
106
Abbr.
Meaning
Func_Dist Blk
Abbr.
Meaning
Test mode On
Test mode On
Func_Dist On
Distance function on
Func_Dist Off
Func_PSB On
PSB function on
Func_PSB Off
1.6
Technical data
Table 22 Distance protection technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Item
Number of settable zone
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Distance characteristic
Polygonal
when Ir=5A;
Conditions:
when Ir=1A;
Ur
when Ir=5A;
0.05600, step 0.01,
when Ir=1A;
Time delay of distance zones
Operation time
5%, at 0.5<SIR<30
zone 1
107
108
109
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
110
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
1.1
Introduction
Distance teleprotection is an important function in the IED to get fast
tripping of the short circuit in the area near to remote end. The function
employs carrier sending and receiving feature, power line carrier (PLC)
or dedicated fiber optic communication channels, to implement different
tele-protection scheme configuration.
1.2
Teleprotection principle
1.2.1
111
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Relay startup
A
N
D
Relay reset
A
N
D
Zone 1 operation
Zone 2 operation
Delay time 5ms
CARR Received
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
|200
0|
Trip
A
N
D
CARR Send
signal
Relay trip
1.2.2
112
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
POR mode is set to 1-on. The permissive overreach transfer trip logic
has been shown in the below figure.
Relay startup
A
N
D
Relay reset
A
N
D
Zone 2 operation
Delay time 5ms
CARR Received
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
|200
0|
Trip
A
N
D
CARR Send
signal
Relay trip
1.2.3
Blocking scheme
In this scheme of operation, the transferring signal is utilized to block the
IED during external faults. The blocking signal should only be transmitted
when the fault is outside the protected zone in reverse direction.
The significant advantage of the blocking procedure is that no signal
needs to be transferred during faults on the protected feeder.
Teleprotection blocking will be applied in if the binary setting Blocking
mode is set to 1-on. Related logic is shown in Figure 44
113
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Relay startup
Relay reset
A
N
D
Zone 4 reverse
operation
A
N
D
Zone 2 operation
A
N
D
CARR Send
signal
A
N
D
Relay trip
A
N
D
IED sends blocking signal if startup elements operate and a fault has
been detected in reverse direction, e.g. Z4 considered as reverse. In this
scheme, IED generates a trip command if a fault has been detected in Z2
of the protection zones and no blocking signal received for at least 25
msec. According to the selected mode (single phase operation, three
phase protection and also auto-reclosing mode), teleprotection scheme
can generate single or three phase tripping. For more detail about
tripping mode refer under heading Auto-reclosing function.
In the following, different conditions will be considered to show operation
of the protected IED in the blocking mode.
Internal faults - faults within protected line
If an internal fault occurs, startup element operates and IED trips local
CB instantaneously if it is within Z1 zone. Since the fault is not reverse,
no blocking signal will be sent and remote end will generate trip
command by detection the fault in its Z2 zone. If fault occurs in the
protected line but outside of the Z1 setting, local CB tripping happen
instantaneously by detection of fault in Z2 and no receiving blocking
signal from remote end for at least 25 msec.
External faults - faults outside of protected line
For external faults in the reverse direction, IED sends a distance carrier
blocking signal. Therefore, remote end distance relay doesnt generate
an instantaneous trip command by only detection of a fault in its Z2
characteristic zone. Conversely, in the case of external fault in forward
direction, local IED may detect the fault in Z2 but it doesnt generate trip
command because of the receiving blocking signal from remote end.
114
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Therefore both local and remote end distance IED will not trip for this
external fault.
1.2.4
1.2.4.1
1.2.4.2
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
During a fault behind the weak infeed end, short circuit current flows
through the protected feeder to the fault location. The IED at the weak
infeed end will start with this current and recognize the fault in the reverse
direction. It will therefore not send a release signal to the strong infeed
end. The permissive over reach transfer trip protection is stable.
During an internal fault near the strong source side the IED at the weak
infeed end will not pickup, as insufficient current flows from this side into
the feeder. The signal received by the weak infeed end is returned as an
echo and allows the tripping at the strong infeed.
Simultaneously with the echo, the circuit breaker at the weak infeed end
may be tripped by the IED.
Therefore by operating low voltage startup element and receiving carrier
signal for at least 5 msec, distance carrier signal will be sent and
prolonged for 200 msec to ensure the IED at the remote end (strong
source) trips quickly and reliably. In this case local weak feeder
generates trip command, too. In addition, in the case of carrier receiving
and then CB opening, signal sending will be prolonged for 200 msec to
correct and reliable operation of remote end.
1.3
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
IN
Trip 3Ph
UP1
UP2
UP3
Carr Recv(Dist)
Relay Block AR
Carr Send(Dist)
Carr Fail(Dist)
Tele_Dist_Trip
Carr Fail(Dist)
BI_DTT Send
BO_DTT Send
BI_DTT Recv
BO_DTT Recv
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
116
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Table 23 Analog input list
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
BI_DTT Send
BI_DTT Recv
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
Carr Send(Dist)
Carr Fail(Dist)
Tele_Dist_Trip
Tele_Dist trip
BO_DTT Send
BO_DTT Recv
1.4
Setting parameters
117
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
1.4.1
Setting list
Table 26 Tele-Dist protection function setting list
Abbr.
Explanation
T_Tele Reversal
Default
Unit
40
ms
Min.
Max.
100
Min.
Max.
Abbr.
Weak InFeed
Explanation
Default
Unit
Blocking Mode
PUR Mode
PUR Mode
POR Mode
POR Mode
Blocking Mode
protection Operating
mode
second zone distance
Func_Z2
protection Operating
mode
1.4.2
Setting explanation
Conditions for enabling weak-source function: If only one side of the
protected line is weak-source, the protection can be done selectively
when the IED in weak side operates in Week InFeed mode.
1)
POR mode: If this bit is set to 1/on then the bits Blocking mode
and PUR mode must be set to 0/off. Under this mode, if zone2 module
needs to send permissive signal, close the contacts of sending signal,
Carr Send (Dist), to send permissive signal. If zone2 module needs to
stop sending permissive signal, open this contact to stop sending
permissive signal. At the same time, the binary setting Func_Z2 should
be enabled.
2)
PUR mode: If this bit is set to 1/on, bits Blocking mode and POR
mode must be set to off. Under this mode, if zone2 module needs to
3)
118
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
send permissive signal, close the contacts of sending signal, Carr
Send(Dist), to send permissive signal. If zone2 module needs to stop
sending permissive signal, open the contacts of sending signal to stop
sending permissive signal. At the same time, both binary settings of
Func_Z1 and Func_Z2 should be enabled.
1.5
Reports
Table 28 Event report list
Abbr.
Meaning
Tele_DIST_Trip
Carr Stop(Dist)
Carr Stop(CBO)
Carr Stop(Weak)
Carr Send(Dist)
Carr Send(CBO)
Carr Send(Weak)
Abbr.
Meaning
Abbr.
Meaning
Func_TeleDist On
FuncTeleDist Off
1.6
Technical data
Table 31 Tele-protection technical data
Item
Operating time
Rang or Value
Tolerance
119
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
2.1
Introduction
Teleprotection for directional earth fault is an important feature in the
transmission line protection. Similar to distance tele-protection, the
function employs carrier sending and receiving feature, power line carrier
(PLC) or dedicated fiber optic communication channels, to implement
different tele-protection scheme configuration.
2.2
Protection principle
To detect earth fault reliably and selectively, IED considers teleprotection
scheme as following:
Relay startup
A
N
D
Relay reset
A
N
D
Zero-Forward
direction
3I0>3I0_Tele EF
POR Mode on
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
|200
0|
Trip
|T_tele EF|
CARR (DEF)
Send
Relay trip
A
N
D
CARR (DEF)
Received
Tele_EF Inrush unblock
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Therefore, in this end, no tripping command will be generated by
directional earth fault carrier receiving.
In addition, carrier sending will prolong for 200 msec for reliable
operation of remote end. The prolongation of the send signal only comes
into effect when the protection has already issued a trip command. This
ensures that the permissive signal releases the opposite line end even if
the earth fault is very rapidly cleared by a different independent
protection.
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.2
2.3
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
UP1
Trip 3Ph
UP2
Relay Block AR
UP3
Carr Send(DEF)
Carr Recv(DEF)
Carr Fail(DEF)
BI_DTT Send
Tele_DEF_Trip
BI_DTT Recv
Weak InFeed
BO_DTT Send
Carr Fail(DEF)
BO_DTT Recv
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
IP1
121
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Signal
Description
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
Carr Recv(DEF)
Carr Fail(DEF)
BI_DTT Send
BI_DTT Recv
POR Mode
POR Mode
Weak InFeed
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
Carr Send(DEF)
Carr Fail(DEF)
Tele_DEF_Trip
Tele_DEF trip
BO_DTT Send
BO_DTT Recv
2.4
122
Setting parameters
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Setting lists
2.4.1
Setting
Unit
T_Tele
Reversal
Min.
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A/
(Ir:5A/
setting
1A)
1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
100
40
ms
Description
3I0_Tele
EF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
T0_Tele
EF
0.01
10
0.15
Abbr.
Explanation
POR Mode
Default
POR Mode
Tele earth fault
Func_Tele EF
protection function
Unit
Min.
Max.
protection blocked by
inrush
Auto reclosure
Tele_EF Init AR
Note: For tele-EF protection, the setting binary POR Mode must be
enabled, while the setting binary PUR Mode must be disabled.
2.5
Reports
Table 37 Event report list
Abbr.
Meaning
Tele evolvement trip, for example, A phase to earth fault happened,
123
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
Abbr.
Meaning
Carr Send(DEF)
Tele_DEF_Trip
Tele_DEF trip
Table 38 Alarm report list
Abbr.
Meaning
Carr Fail(DEF)
Abbr.
Meaning
Func_Tele_DEF On
TeleDEF function on
Func_TeleDEF Off
124
Chapter 6 Teleprotection
125
126
1 Overcurrent protection
1.1
Introduction
The directional/non-directional overcurrent protection function can be applied
as backup protection functions in various applications for transmission lines.
The directional overcurrent protection can be used based on both the
magnitude of the fault current and the direction of power flow to the fault
location. Main features of the overcurrent protection are as follows:
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
Measured quantities
The phase currents are fed to the IED via the input current transformers. The
earth current 3I0 could also be connected to the starpoint of the current
transformer set directly as measured quantity.
1.2.2
Time characteristic
127
A _ OC
T
i
I _ OC Inv
Inv
P _ OC Inv
B _ OC Inv K _ OC INV
Equation 21
where:
A_OC Inv: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_OC Inv: Time delay for inverse time stage
P_OC Inv: index for inverse time stage
K_OC Inv: Time multiplier Inrush restraint feature
The IED may detect large magnetizing inrush currents during transformer
energizing. Inrush current comprises large second harmonic current which
does not appear in short circuit current. Therefore, inrush current may affect
the protection functions which will operate based on the fundamental
component of the measured current. Accordingly, inrush restraint logic is
provided to prevent overcurrent protection from maloperation.
128
1.2.3
90
IA
Bisector
Angle_Range
OC
Angle_OC
0
U BC_Ref
-IA
where:
Angle_OC: The settable characteristic angle
Angle_Range OC: 85
129
Phase
Current
Voltage
Ia
U bc
Ib
U ca
Ic
U ab
1.2.4
Logic diagram
The logic diagram for Phase-A has been shown in the below figure. The logic
is valid for other phased in similar way.
130
OC1 Direction On
AND
Phase A forward
AND
VT fail
OC1 Inrush Block Off
<Imax_2H_UnBlk
AND
Ia2/Ia1>
T_OC1
Func_OC1
AND
Trip
Cross blocking
Ia2/Ia1 >
Ib2/Ib1 >
OR
AND
Ic2/Ic1 >
Cross blocking
T2h_Cross_Blk<
1.3
131
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
UP1
Trip 3Ph
UP2
Relay Block AR
OC1_Trip
UP3
OC2_Trip
OC Inv Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
OC1_Trip
OC2_Trip
2 stage OC trip
OC Inv Trip
1.4
132
nd
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Max.
Default setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
0.08Ir
20Ir
2Ir
T_OC1
60
0.1
I_OC2
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
T_OC2
60
0.3
12
Setting
Unit
I_OC1
Description
current threshold of
overcurrent stage 1
delay time of
overcurrent stage 1
current threshold of
overcurrent stage 2
delay time of
overcurrent stage 2
No.of inverse time
Curve_OC
Inv
characteristic curve
of overcurrent
start current of
I_OC Inv
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
inverse time
overcurrent
time multiplier of
customized inverse
K_OC Inv
0.05
999
time characteristic
curve for
overcurrent
time constant A of
customized inverse
A_OC Inv
200
0.14
time characteristic
curve for
overcurrent
time constant B of
customized inverse
B_OC Inv
60
time characteristic
curve for
overcurrent
index of customized
P_OC Inv
10
0.02
inverse time
characteristic curve
for overcurrent
the angle of
Angle_OC
Degre
e
90
60
bisector of
operation area of
overcurrent
133
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Description
directional element
Imax_2H_Un
Blk
the maximum
A
0.25
20Ir
5Ir
current to release
harmornic block
ratio of 2rd
Ratio_I2/I1
0.07
0.5
0.2
harmonic to
fundamental
component
T2h_Cross_B
lk
60
block by 2rd
harmormic
Name
Description
Func_OC1
OC1 Direction
Func_OC2
OC2 Direction
Func_OC Inv
OC Inv Direction
1.5
Reports
Table 45 Event report list
Information
Description
OC1 Trip
OC2 Trip
OC Inv Trip
1.6
134
Technical data
Rang or Value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
1% setting or +40ms, at
200% operating setting
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
C37.112,
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
user-defined characteristic
T=
with IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time,
A
Delay of inverse time, B
n: k
Minimum operating time
Maximum operating time
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Directional element
3, at phase to phase
voltage >1V
135
Range or value
0.25 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Tolerance
3% setting value or
0.02Ir
restraint
nd
to fundamental component
current
Cross-block (IL1, IL2, IL3)
(settable time)
136
1% setting or +40ms
137
138
Introduction
In the grounded systems, extremely large fault resistances could cause
calculated impedance to be outside the fault detection characteristic of the
distance protection. Therefore, protection relay may not trip by distance
protection function and need to be supplemented by other protections. So,
the directional/non-directional earth fault protection function which can detect
reliably high resistance faults is required. The directional earth fault protection
allows the application of the protection IED also in systems where protection
coordination depends on both the magnitude of the fault current and the
direction of power flow to the fault location, for instance in case of parallel
lines. Generally directional/non-directional protection function features
following options:
characteristics)
1.2
Protection principle
Three earth fault protection stages are provided, two definite time stages and
one inverse time stage. All stages can operate in conjunction with the
139
1.2.1
A _ EF
T
i
I _ EF Inv
Inv
P _ EF Inv
B _ EF Inv K _ EF INV
Equation 22
where:
A_EF Inv: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_EF Inv: Time delay for inverse time stage
P_EF Inv: index for inverse time stage
140
1.2.2
141
A
N
D
Max(Ia2/Ia1, Ib2/Ib1,
Ic2/Ic1)>Ratio_I2/I1
1.2.3
1.2.3.1
142
3I 0
90
0
3U 0_Ref
Angle_EF
Angle_Range
EF
Forward
-3 I 0
Bisector
where:
Angle_EF: The settable characteristic angle
Angle_Range EF: 80
1.2.3.2
3I2
90
0
3 U 2_ Ref
Angle_Neg
Angle_Range
Neg
Forward
-3 I 2
Bisector
where:
Angle_Neg: The settable characteristic angle
Angle_Range Neg: 80
During direction decision, a VT Fail condition may result in false or undesired
tripping by directional earth fault element. Therefore occurance of the VT Fail,
directional earth fault protection will be blocked.
1.2.4
Logic diagram
The tripping logics of directional/non-directional earth fault protection are
144
3U0<1V
O
R
A
N
D
Forward directionby
negative sequence direction
element
Forward
EF U2/I2 Dir on
0
Inrush BLK 3I0
1
Forward
A Func_EF1 on
N
T_EF1
D
EF1 Trip
EF1 Direction on
Figure 53 Tripping logic of the first stage of definite earth fault protection
0
Inrush BLK 3I0
1
Forward
A
N
D
Func_EF2 on
T_EF2
EF2 Trip
EF2 Direction on
145
0
Inrush BLK 3I0
A
N
D
1
Forward
Func_EF Inv on
EF_INV Trip
EF Inv Direction on
The whole tripping logics for EF1 and EF2 are the same as Figure 56, if
binary setting of EF1 Init AR and EF2 Init AR are enabled respectively.
1.3
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
IN
Trip 3Ph
UP1
Relay Block AR
UP2
EF1_Trip
UP3
EF2_Trip
EF Inv_Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
UP1
UP2
146
Signal
Description
UP3
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
EF1_Trip
EF2_Trip
EF Inv_Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 50 EF protection function setting list
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
zero sequence current
3I0_EF1
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.5Ir
T_EF1
60
0.1
3I0_EF2
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
T_EF2
60
0.3
147
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1
A)
12
3I0_EF Inv
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
K_EF Inv
0.05
999
A_EF Inv
200
0.14
B_EF Inv
60
P_EF Inv
10
0.02
Angle_EF
Degree
90
70
Angle_Neg
Degree
50
90
70
Abbr.
Explanation
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
EF1 Direction
Abbr.
Explanation
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
EF2 Direction
Func_EF Inv
time-inverse stage of
the earth fault
protection
Directional mode for
EF Inv Direction
EF U2/I2 Dir
direction detection
element for earth fault
protection
Auto-reclosure
EF1 Init AR
EF2 Init AR
149
1.4.2
B
127km
139km
21/21N
21/21N
PTR:400/0.1kV
CTR:2000/5
Here, a typical setting calculation of the inverse stage of the earth fault
protection is presented. The characteristic is selected as IEC Normal Inverse.
Additionally the function is set for operation in forward direction.
It is assumed that maximum transmission power is equal to:
250 MVA
1.5
150
0.32A
1(IEC Normal Invers)
active
Yes
Yes
Reports
Information
Description
EF1 Trip
1 stage EF Trip
EF2 Trip
2 stage EF Trip
EF Inv Trip
st
nd
Information
Description
Func_EF On
EF function on
Func_EF Off
EF function off
Func_EF Inv On
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 54 Earth fault protection (ANSI 50N, 51N, 67N)
Item
Rang or value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
0.00 to 60.00s, step
0.01s
3% setting or 0.02Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at 200%
operating setting
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
IEC60255-151
Very inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Extremely inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
ANSI/IEEE C37.112,
Short inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Long inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20
Moderately inverse;
151
user-defined characteristic
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
T=
<I/ISETTING < 20
Time factor of inverse time, A
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Directional element
3, at 3U01V
152
153
Chapter 9 Emergency/backup
overcurrent and earth fault
protection
154
Introduction
In the case of VT Fail condition, all distance zones and protection functions
related with voltage input are out of service. In this case, an emergency
overcurrent protection comes into operation.
Additionally, the protection can be set as backup non-directional overcurrent
protection according to the users requirement.
In case of emergency mode of operation, the function VT Fail supervision
function should be enabled.
The protection provides following features:
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
155
A _ EM / BU OC Inv
T
B _ EM / BU OC Inv K _ EM / BU OC INV
P _ EM / BU OC Inv
I _ EM / BU OC Inv
where:
A_Em/BU OC Inv: Coefficient setting for emergency inverse time overcurrent
B_Em/BU OC Inv: Time delay setting for emergency inverse time overcurrent
P_Em/BU OC Inv: Index for inverse time overcurrent
K_Em/BU OC Inv: Multiplier setting for emergency inverse time overcurrent
By applying the desired setting values, the device calculates the tripping time
from the measured current. Once the calculated time elapsed, repoprt
Em/Bu OC Trip will be issued.
1.2.2
156
Logic diagram
Ia>I_Em/BU OC
Func_Em/BU OC
VT fail
A
N
D
Func_BU OC on
Ia<Imax_2H_UnBlk
Ia2/Ia1>Ratio_I2/I1
A
N
D
T_Em/BU OC
O
R
Trip
Cross blocking
Max{Ia, Ib,
Ic}<Imax_2H_UnBlk
A
N
D
Ia2/Ia1 >
Ib2/Ib1 >
T2h_Cross_Blk
Cross blocking
O
R
Ic2/Ic1 >
1.3
157
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
Trip 3Ph
UP1
Relay Block AR
UP2
Em/BU OC1_Trip
UP3
Em/BU OCInv_Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
Em/BU OC1_Trip
Em/BU OCInv_Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
158
Min.
Setting
Unit
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Max.
(Ir:5
A/1A
)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
current threshold of
I_Em/BU OC
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
emergency/backup overcurrent
stage 1
T_Em/BU OC
60
0.3
Curve_Em/BU OC
Inv
I_Inv_Em/BU OC
12
curve of emergency/backup
overcurrent
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
K_Em/BU OC Inv
0.05
999
A_Em/BU OC Inv
200
0.14
B_Em/BU OC Inv
60
P_Em/BU OC Inv
10
0.02
Imax_2H_UnBlk
Ratio_I2/I1
T2h_Cross_Blk
0.25
20Ir
5Ir
0.07
0.5
0.2
60
Name
Description
Func_BU OC
Func_Em/BU OC
Description
Func_Em/BU OC Inv
Block
1.5
Reports
Table 59 Event report list
Information
Description
Em/Bu OC Trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 60 T Emergency/backup overcurrent protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Time delay
3% setting or 0.02Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at
200% operating setting
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
160
C37.112,
User-defined characteristic
T=
A
Delay of inverse time, B
n: k
Minimum operating time
Maximum operating time
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
161
Introduction
In the case of VT Fail condition, all distance protection element and protection
functions relating with voltage input are out of operation. In this case an
emergency earth fault protection can come into operation.
Additionally, the protection can be set as backup non directional earth fault
protection according to the users requirement.
In case of emergency mode of operation, the function VT Fail supervision
should beenabled.
The protection provides following features:
2.2
Protection principle
2.2.1
162
A _ EM / BU EF Inv
T
B _ EM / BU EF Inv K _ EM / BU EF INV
P _ EM / BU EF Inv
I _ EM / BU EF Inv
where:
A_Em/BU EF Inv: Coefficient setting for emergency zero-sequence inverse
time
B_Em/BU OC Inv: Time delay setting for emergency zero-sequence inverse
time
P_Em/BU OC Inv: Index for emergency zero-sequence inverse time
K_Em/BU OC Inv: Multiplier setting for emergency zero-sequence inverse
time
By applying the desired setting values, the device calculates the tripping time
from the measured current. Once the calculated time elapsed, repoprt
Em/Bu EF Trip will be issued.
2.2.2
2.2.3
3I0>3I0_Em/BU EF
Func_Em/BU EF on
VT fail
A
N
D
Func_BU EF on
T_Em/BU EF
Trip
<Imax_2H_UnBlk
Ratio_I2/I1>
A
N
D
2.3
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
IN
Trip 3Ph
UP1
UP2
UP3
Relay Block AR
Em/Bu EF Trip
Em/Bu EFInv Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
UP1
UP2
UP3
164
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
Em/Bu EF Trip
Em/BU EFInv_Trip
Trip
2.4
Setting parameters
2.4.1
Setting list
Table 63 Emergency/backup earth fault protection function setting list
Setting
Un
it
Min.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
zero sequence current
3I0_Em/BU EF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
T_Em/BU EF
60
0.3
Curve_Em/BU
EF Inv
12
characteristic curve of
emergency/backup earth
fault protection
3I0_Inv_Em/BU
EF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
emergency/backup earth
fault protection
time multiplier of customized
K_Em/BU EF Inv
0.05
999
165
Un
it
Min.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
time constant A of
customized inverse time
A_Em/BU EF Inv
200
0.14
B_Em/BU EF Inv
60
P_Em/BU EF Inv
10
0.02
Imax_2H_UnBlk
Ratio_I2/I1
0.25
20Ir
5Ir
0.07
0.5
0.2
Name
Description
Func_BU EF
Func_Em/BU EF
Block
enabled or disabled
2.5
166
IED report
Information
Description
Em/Bu EF Trip
2.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 66 Technical data for emergency/backup earth fault protection
Item
Rang or value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
0.00 to 60.00s, step
0.01s
3% setting or 0.02Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at 200%
operating setting
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
C37.112,
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
User-defined characteristic
T=
167
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
168
169
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
Chapter 10 Switch-Onto-Fault
protection
170
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
Switch-Onto-Fault protection
1.1
Introduction
The IED has a high speed switch-onto-fault protection function to clear
immediately faults on the feeders that are switched onto a high-current short
circuit. Its main application may be in the case that a feeder is energized
when the earth switch is closed.
1.2
Function principle
1.2.1
Function description
Switch-onto-fault protection can be enabled by binary setting SOTF FUNC.
If this is set to 1/on, switch-onto-fault protection will be active. Conversely,
setting SOTF FUNC to 0/ off will disable the function. The energization of
the feeder is determined by the circuit breaker state recognition function. The
prerequisite for switch-onto-fault operation is that circuit breaker has been
open for 10 seconds, or the binary input MC/AR Blockchanges from 1 to 0.
SOTF function will be active after rising edge of receiving signal MC/AR
block and if relay does not startup. The SOTF sequence will be inactive 1
second after falling edge of signal MC/AR block if no fault has been
occured in the system.
SOTF protection operates based on three elements: distance protection,
overcurrent protection and zero sequence (earth fault) protection.
Distance element of switch-onto-fault protection will trip instantaneously,
without any delay time, if calculated impedance lies in the protected zones
(zone 1, zone 2 or zone 3) and the maximum {Ia(b,c)}>I_SOTF_Dist. In
addition, switch-onto-fault protection is supplemented by overcurrent and
earth fault protections, and can generate trip command after settable delay
times (T_OC_SOTF and T_EF_SOTF). For T_EF_SOTF, since IED
needs to consider that three phases of CB are not closed at the same time, it
is recommended to set this value. (Besides, the program has already
considered 40ms time delay itself. ) Overcurrent elements works based on
maximum measured phase currents and will trip after related delay time if
maximum phase current exceeds setting I_SOTF. Similarly, earth fault
protection operates if measured zero sequence current exceeds setting value
171
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
of 3I0_SOTF.
Additionally, it can be selected that overcurrent and earth fault element of switch-onto-fault
protection to be blocked in the case of inrush current. If binary setting SOTF Inrush Block
set to 1/on, blocking will be applied to distance zone 2, zone 3, overcurrent and earth fault
element. Setting to 0/off will lead to ignoring of the inrush blocking for switch-onto-fault
function. Similarly, if the measured current value exceeds the setting Imax_2H_UnBlk, it
is assumed that a short circuit happened and inrush blocking will not be considered.
Figure 60 shows the tripping logic diagram of switch-onto-fault protection.
Logic diagram
1.2.2
Func_SOTF on
BIMC/AR Block1 to 0
O
R
BI PhA CB Open0 to 1
BI PhB CB Open0 to 1
BI PhC CB Open0 to 1
10s
A
N
D
Relay Startup
A
N
D
Relay startup
Trip
Impedance within
zone1,2,3
Over current
operation
Zero-sequence
operation
T_OC_SOTF
T_EF_SOTF
O
R
A
N
D
T_Relay Reset
A
N
D
No fault
1.3
172
Relay reset
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
IP1
Relay Block AR
IP2
SOTF Trip
IP3
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
IN
UP1
UP2
UP3
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open
MC/AR Block
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
PhA CB Open
PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open
PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open
PhaseC CB open
MC/AR Block
AR block
Table 69 Binary output list
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
173
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
Signal
Description
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
SOTF Trip
SOTF Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 70 SOTF protection function setting list
Setting
Uni
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
phase current threshold of
I_SOTF
0.08Ir
20Ir
2Ir
overcurrent element of
switch onto fault protection
T_OC_SOT
F
60
3I0_SOTF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.5Ir
T_EF_SOTF
60
0.1
Abbr.
Func_SOTF
SOTF Inrush Block
174
Explanation
SOTF protection
operating mode
SOTF protection
blocked by inrush
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
1.4.2
1.5
ON
I>>> Pickup
2.17A
3I0>>> Pickup
0.32A
0.00sec
0.00sec
active
Reports
Table 72 Event report list
Information
Description
EF SOTF Trip
OC SOTF Trip
175
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
Table 73 Operation report list
Information
Description
Func_SOTF On
SOTF function on
Func_SOTF Off
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 74 Switch-onto-fault protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Phase current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Zero-sequence current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at
overcurrent
Time delay of zero sequence
current
176
1% setting or +40ms, at
200% operating setting
Chapter 10 Switch-onto-fault
protection
177
178
Overload protection
1.1
Protection principle
1.1.1
Function description
In some applications, the load is flowing through the feeder can be so
important for operator of the system to consider corrective actions. Therefore,
the IED can supervise load flow in real time. If allof the phase currents are
greater than the dedicated setting, the protection will report an overload alarm
when the time setting T_OL Alarm has been elapsed.
Logic diagram
1.1.2
Ia>I_OL Alarm
O
R
Ib>I_OL Alarm
T_OL Alarm
A
N
D
Ic>I_OL Alarm
Func_OL on
Trip
1.2
Signal
Description
IP1
Signal
Description
IP2
IP3
1.3
Setting parameters
1.3.1
Setting lists
Table 76 Function setting list for overload protection
Uni
Setting
I_OL Alarm
T_OL
Alarm
Default
Min.
(Ir:5A/1A
)
Max.
setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
0.08Ir
20Ir
2Ir
0.1
6000
20
Name
Description
Func_OL
1.4
Reports
Table 78 Alarm information list
Information
Description
Overload Alarm
180
181
182
Overvoltage protection
1.1
Introduction
Voltage protection has the function to protect electrical equipment against
overvoltage condition. Abnormally high voltages often occur e.g. in low
loaded, long distance transmission lines, in islanded systems when generator
voltage regulation fails, or after full load shutdown of a generator from the
system. Even if compensation reactors are used to avoid line overvoltage by
compensation of the line capacitance and thus reduction of the overvoltage,
the overvoltage will endanger the insulation if the reactors fail (e.g. fault
clearance). The line must be disconnected within very short time.
The protection provides the following features:
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
Logic diagram
Ua>U_OV1
Ub>U_OV1
O
R
OV PE on
Uc>U_OV1
OV Trip on
Trip
Uab>U_OV1
Ubc>U_OV1
O
R
OV PE off
O
R
T_OV
OV Trip off
Uca>U_OV1
1.3
184
Alarm
UP1
Trip PhA
UP2
Trip PhB
UP3
Trip PhC
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
OV1 Alarm
OV2 Alarm
OV1_Trip
OV2_Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
OV1 Alarm
OV2 Alarm
2 stage OV alarm
OV1_Trip
OV2_Trip
1.4
nd
Setting parameters
185
Setting lists
Table 81 Function setting list for overvoltage protection
Parameter
Range
Default
Unit
U_OV1
40~200
65
T_OV1
0~60
0.3
U_OV2
40~200
63
T_OV2
0~60
0.6
Dropout_OV
0.9~0.99
0.95
Description
Voltage setting for overvoltage protection
stage 1
Time setting for overvoltage protection
stage 1
Voltage setting for overvoltage protection
stage 2
Time setting for overvoltage protection
stage 2
Dropout ratio for overvoltage protection
Name
Description
Func_OV1
OV1 Trip
Func_OV2
OV2 Trip
OV PE
1.5
Reports
Table 83 Event report list
Information
Description
OV1 Trip
OV2 Trip
186
Information
Description
OV1 Alarm
OV2 Alarm
1.6
Technical data
Table 85 Technical data for overvoltage protection
Item
Voltage connection
Rang or Value
Phase-to-phase voltages or
Tolerance
3 % setting or 1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage
40 to 100 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
80 to 200 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
Reset ratio
3 % setting
Time delay
Reset time
<40ms
187
188
Undervoltage protection
1.1
Introduction
Voltage protection has the function to protect electrical equipment against
undervoltage. The protection can detect voltage collapse on transmission
lines to prevent unwanted operation condition and stability problems.
The protection provides the following features:
Settable dropout ratio, both for single phase and three phases
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.3.1
VT at busbar side
A
B
C
Protection
IED
A
B
C
N
When a tripping command is issued and the circuit breaker is open, the
voltage remains on the source side while the line side voltage drops to zero.
In this case, undervoltage protection may remain pickup. Therefore, to
190
1.2.3.2
1.2.4
Logic diagram
191
O
R
Ub<U_UV
Uc<U_UV
O
R
UV PE on
Ua<U_UV
A
N
D
Ub<U_UV
Uc<U_UV
O
R
Uab<U_UV
O
R
Ubc<U_UV
Uca<U_UV
O
R
UV PE off
Uab<U_UV
A
N
D
Ubc<U_UV
Uca<U_UV
UV Chk CB off
BI_PhA CB Open
O
R
BI_PhB CB Open
BI_PhC CB Open
O
R
UV Trip on
Trip
UV Chk CB on
Func_UV
IA(IB,IC)>I_UV_
Chk
T_UV
UV Chk Current on
O
R
UV Chk Current off
A
N
D
Alarm
UV Trip off
VT Fail on
VT fail
BI_AR In Progress 1
1.3
192
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
UP1
Trip 3Ph
UP2
Relay Block AR
UP3
UV1 Alarm
PhA CB Open
UV2 Alarm
PhB CB Open
UV1_Trip
PhC CB Open
UV2_Trip
AR In Progress
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
PhA CB Open
PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open
PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open
PhaseC CB open
AR In Progress
AR In Progress
Table 88 Binary output list
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
193
Signal
Description
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
UV1 Alarm
UV2 Alarm
UV1_Trip
UV2_Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 89 Undervoltage protection function setting list
Setting
Uni
t
Min.
(Ir:5A/1A
)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
voltage threshold of undervoltage
U_UV1
150
40
T_UV1
60
0.3
U_UV2
150
45
T_UV2
60
0.6
1.01
1.05
0.08Ir
2Ir
0.1Ir
Dropout_U
V
I_UV_Chk
stage 1
delay time of undervoltage stage 1
voltage threshold of undervoltage
stage 2
Name
Description
Func_UV1
UV1 Trip
Func_UV2
UV2 Trip
UV PE
194
Name
Description
UV Chk Current
UV Chk CB
1.5
Reports
Table 91 Event report list
Information
Description
UV1 Trip
UV2 Trip
Information
Description
UV1 Alarm
UV2 Alarm
1.6
Technical data
Table 93 Technical data for undervoltage protection
Item
Voltage connection
Rang or Value
Phase-to-phase voltages or
Tolerance
3 % setting or 1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage
5 to 75 V , step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
10 to 150 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
Reset ratio
3 % setting
Time delay
Current criteria
0.08 to 2.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
195
196
50 ms
197
198
1.1
Introduction
The circuit breaker failure (CBF) protection function monitors proper tripping
of the relevant circuit breaker. Normally, the circuit breaker should be tripped
and therefore interrupt the fault current whenever a short circuit protection
function issues a trip command. Circuit breaker failure protection provides
rapid back-up fault clearance, in the event of circuit breaker malfunction in
respond to a trip command.
Line2
Line3
LineN
Bus
Trip
IFAULT
Figure 65 Simplified function diagram of circuit breaker failure protection with current flow
monitoring
Internal/external initiation
CB Aux checking
current)
199
1.2
Function Description
Circuit breaker failure protection can be enabled or disabled, via binary
setting Func_CBF. If the binary setting is set to 1/on, CBF protection would
be switched on. In this case, by operation of a protection function and
subsequent CBF initiation, a preset timer counts up. The CBF function issues
a local trip command (e.g. via a second trip coil) if the circuit breaker has not
been opened after expiry of the time setting T_CBF1. If the circuit breaker
doesnt respond to the repeated trip command until time setting T_CBF2,
the function issues a trip command to isolate the fault by tripping other
surrounding backup circuit breakers (e.g. the other CBs connected to the
same bus section with faulty CB).
Initiation of CBF protection can be carried out by both internal and external
protection functions. If CBF needs to be initiated by means of external
protection functions, specified binary inputs (BI) should be marshaled to the
equipment. 4 digital inputs are provided for externally initiation of the
integrated CBF function. The first one is 3-phase CBF initiation 3Ph Init CBF.
For phase segregated initiation other three binary inputs has been considered
as PhA Init CBF, PhB Init CBF and PhC Init CBF. These can be
applicable if the circuit breaker supports separated trip coil for each phase
and single phase auto-recloser function is active on the feeder. Additionally,
internal protection functions that can initiate the CBF protection integrated are
as following:
Distance protection
SOTF protection
Emergency/Backup EF protection
There are two criteria for breaker failure detection: the first one is to check
whether the actual current flow effectively disappeared after a tripping
command had been issued. The second one is to evaluate the circuit breaker
auxiliary contact status. Since circuit breaker is supposed to be open when
200
compared
1.2.1
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
O
R
O
R
Ic > I_CBF
Ib > I_CBF
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2 Off
O
R
A
N
D
Ia > I_CBF
Ic > I_CBF
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2 Off
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
201
1.2.2
For protection functions where the tripping criterion is not dependent on current
measurement, current flow is not a suitable criterion for detection of circuit breaker
operation. In this case, the position of the circuit breaker auxiliary contact should be used
to determine if the circuit breaker properly operated. It is possible to evaluate the circuit
breaker operation from its auxiliary contact status. To do so, binary setting CBF Chk CB
Status should be set to 1/On to integrate circuit breaker auxiliary contacts into CBF
function. A precondition for evaluating circuit breaker auxiliary contact is that open status of
CB should be marshaled to digital inputs of PhA CB Open, PhB CB Open and PhC CB
Open. The logic for evaluation of CB auxiliary contact for CBF protection is shown in
Figure 67. In this logic, the positions of the circuit breaker poles are determined from CB
aux. contacts if IED doesnt detect current flowing in the diagram.
202
A
N
D
O
R
BI_PhB CB Open
BI_PhB Init CBF
CBF Curr. Crit. B
A
N
D
O
R
BI_PhC CB Open
BI_PhC Init CBF
CBF Curr. Crit. C
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
CB A is closed
A
N
D
CB B is closed
A
N
D
CB C is closed
A
N
D
CB 1P is closed
BI_PhA CB Open
A
N
D
BI_PhB CB Open
BI_PhC CB Open
O
R
A
N
D
1.2.3
Logic diagram
203
O
R
T_alam
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
Note: In this figure, T_alarm is a time period already designed in the program. T_alarm
equals to max {15s, T_CBF1+1s, T_CBFs+1s, T_Dead Zone +1s}, when the
corresponding functions are enabled. After this period, the alarm event BI_Init CBF Err
will be issued.
204
O
R
A
N
D
CB C is closed
CBF Chk CB Status
CBF B Startup
O
R
A
N
D
CB 1P is closed
CBF A Startup
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
CBF C Startup
CBF 3P Startup
205
T_CBF1
CBF B Startup
T_CBF1
CBF C Startup
T_CBF1
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
CBF 3P Startup
O
R
O
R
O
R
O
R
T_CBF1
CBF A Startup
CBF B Startup
CBF C Startup
CBF1 Trip 3Ph
O
R
O
R
O
R
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
CBF 1P Trip 3P On
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
CBF 1P Trip 3P On
O
R
CBF1 1P Trip 3P
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
CBF 1P Trip 3P On
CBF A Startup
T_CBF2
CBF B Startup
T_CBF2
CBF C Startup
T_CBF2
CBF 3P Startup
T_CBF2
206
O
R
CBF2 Trip
1.3
Trip PhA
IP2
Trip PhB
IP3
Trip PhC
IN
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
CBF1_Trip
CBF 1P Trip 3P
CBF2 Trip
PhA CB Open
Relay Startup
PhB CB Open
Relay Trip
PhC CB Open
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
Signal
Description
PhA CB Open
PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open
PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open
PhaseC CB open
207
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
CBF1 Trip
CBF 1P Trip 3P
CBF2 Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 97 CBF protection function setting list
Default
Min.
ni
(Ir:5A
/1A)
I_CBF
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
3I0_CBF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
3I2_CBF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
T_CBF1
32
T_CBF2
0.1
32
0.2
0.05
32
0.1
Setting
T_CBF 1P
Trip 3P
Max.
setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A
Description
)
phase current threshold of circuit breaker
failure protection
zero sequence current threshold of
circuit breaker failure protection
negative sequence current threshold of
circuit breaker failure protection
Abbr.
208
Explanation
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
Explanation
Default
CBF protection
Func_CBF
operating mode
Unit
Min.
Max.
checking by CBF
protection
CB Auxiliary contact
1.5
Reports
Table 99 Event report list
Information
Description
CBF StartUp
CBF Startup
CBF1 Trip
CBF2 Trip
CBF 1P Trip 3P
Information
Description
Information
Description
Func_CBF On
CBF function on
Func_CBF Off
209
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 102 Breaker failure protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
< 20ms
phase current
Negative sequence current
zero sequence current
210
211
212
1.1
Introduction
The IED provides this protection function to protect dead zone, the short area
between circuit breaker and CT in the case that CB is open. Therefore, by
occurrence of a fault in dead zone, the short circuit current is measured by
protection IED while CB auxiliary contacts indicate the CB is open.
1.2
Protection principle
In the case of feeders with bus side CTs, once a fault occurs in the dead zone,
the IED trips the relevant busbar zone CBs. Tripping concept is illustrated in
the below figure.
Trip
Bus
IFAULT
Line1
Line2
LineN
Legend:
Opened CB
Closed CB
For feeders with line side CTs, when a fault occurs in the dead zone,
protection IED sends a transfer trip to remote end IED to isolate the fault.
213
Inter trip
Bus
IFAULT
Line1
Line2
Trip
LineN
Relay
Legend:
Opened CB
Closed CB
Figure 74 Dead zone tripping concept for feeders with line side CTs
1.2.1
Function description
Internal/external initiation
Self-adaptive for bus side CT or line side CT. For bus side CTs, the dead
zone protection will select to trip breakers on other lines connected to the
same busbar. For line side CTs, the dead zone protection will select trip
opposite side breakers on the same line.
1.2.2
214
Logic diagram
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
T_Dead Zone
Func_Dead Zone On
A
N
D
1.3
Relay Block AR
IP2
DeadZone_Trip
Relay Startup
IP3
PhA Init CBF
Relay Trip
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
215
Signal
Description
PhA CB Open
PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open
PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open
PhaseC CB open
Table 105 Binary output list
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
DeadZone_Trip
DeadZone Trip
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 106 Dead zone protection function setting list
Abbr.
Explanation
T_Dead Zone
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
32
Unit
Min.
Max.
Abbr.
Func_Dead Zone
216
Explanation
Dead Zone protection
operating mode
Default
Reports
Table 108 Event report list
Information
Description
Information
Description
Func_DZ On
DZ function on
Func_DZ Off
DZ function off
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
217
218
STUB protection
1.1
Introduction
Capacitor Voltage Transforemers (CVTs) are commonly installed at the line
side of transmission lines. Therefore, for the cases that transmission line is
taken out of service and the line disconnector is open, the distance protection
will not be able to operate and must be blocked.
The STUB protection protects the zone between the CTs and the open
disconnector. The STUB protection is enabled when the open position of the
disconnector is informed to the IED through connected binary input. The
function supports one definite stage with the logic shown inbelow figure.
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
Function description
Busbar A
CB1
CT1
Stub fault
Feeder1
Disconnector1
CB3
CT3
Feeder2
Disconnector2
CT2
CB2
Busbar B
219
If IED detects short circuit current flowing while the line disconnector is open,
STUB fault is detected for the short circuit in the area between the current
transformers and the line disconnector. Here, the summation of CT1 and CT3
presents the short circuit current.
The STUB protection is an overcurrent protection which is only in service if
the status of the line disconnector indicates the open condition. The binary
input must therefore be informed via an auxiliary contact of the disconnector.
In the case of a closed line disconnector, the STUB protection is out of
service. The STUB protection stage provides one definite time overcurrent
stage with settable delay time. This protection function can be enabled or
disabled via the binary setting Func_STUB. Corresponding current setting
value can be inserted in I_STUB setting. The IED generate trip command
whenever the time setting T_STUB is elapsed.
1.2.2
Logic diagram
Ia>I_STUB
Ib>I_STUB
O
R
Ic>I_STUB
Func_STUB
BI_STUB Enable
A
N
D
T_STUB
1.3
Relay Block AR
IP2
STUB Trip
IP3
Relay Startup
STUB Enable
220
Relay Trip
Permanent
trip
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
Signal
Description
STUB Enable
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
STUB Trip
STUB Trip
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 113 Setting value list for STUB protection
Min.
Setting
Unit
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
I_STUB
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
T_STUB
60
221
Name
Description
STUB Enable
Func_STUB
1.5
Reports
Table 115 Event report list
Information
Description
STUB Trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 116 Technical data for STUB protection
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
222
223
224
1.1
Introdcution
Under normal operating condition, all three poles of the circuit breaker must
be closed or open at the same time. The phase separated operating circuit
breakers can be in different positions (close-open) due to electrical or
mechanical failures. This can cause negative and zero sequence currents
which gives thermal stress on rotating machines and can cause unwanted
operation of zero sequence or negative sequence current functions.
Single pole opening of the circuit breaker is permitted only in the short period
related to single pole dead times, otherwise the breaker is tripped three pole
to resolve the problem. If the problem still remains, the remote end can be
intertripped via circuit breaker failure protection function to clear the
unsymmetrical load situation.
The pole discordance function operates based on information from auxiliary
contacts of the circuit breaker for the three phases with additional criteria from
unsymmetrical phase current.
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
Function description
The CB position signals are connected to IED via binary input in order to
monitor the CB status. Poles discordance condition is established when
binary setting Func_PD is set to 1/on and at least one pole is open and at
the same time not all three poles are closed. The auxiliary contacts of the
circuit breakers are checked with corresponding phase currents for
plausibility check. Error alarm CB Err Blk PD is reported after 5 sec
whenever CB auxiliary contacts indicate that one pole is open but at the same
time current is flowing through the pole.
Additionally the function can be informed via binary setting PD Chk 3I0/3I2 for
additionaly zero and negative sequence current as well as current criteria
involved in CBF protection. Pole discordance can be detected when current is
not flowing through all three poles. When current is flowing through all three
225
1.2.2
Logic diagram
A
N
D
BI_PhA CB Open
Ia > 0.06Ir
A
N
D
BI_PhB CB Open
Ib > 0.06Ir
O
R
A
N
D
BI_PhC CB Open
Ic > 0.06Ir
BI_PhA CB Open
A
N
D
5s
CB Err Blk PD
A
N
D
BI_PhB CB Open
BI_PhC CB Open
A
N
D
BI_PhA CB Open
Ia < 0.06Ir
A
N
D
BI_PhB CB Open
Ib < 0.06Ir
A
N
D
O
R
T_PD
Func_PD On
A
N
D
BI_PhC CB Open
Ic< 0.06Ir
O
R
PD Chk 3I0/3I2 on
PD Chk 3I0/3I2 off
BI_AR In Progress 1
1.3
226
PD Trip
Trip 3Ph
IP2
Relay Block AR
IP3
PD_Trip
Relay Startup
IN
Relay Trip
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open
AR In Progress
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
Signal
Description
PhA CB Open
Phase A CB open
PhB CB Open
Phase B CB open
PhC CB Open
Phase C CB open
AR In Progress
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Relay Trip
Relay Trip
PD_Trip
PD Trip
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
CB Err Blk PD
PD Trip Fail
227
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 120 Function setting list for poles discordance protection
Min.
Setting
Unit
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Max.
Default setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Description
zero sequence current
3I0_PD
20Ir
0.4Ir
3I2_PD
20Ir
0.4Ir
T_PD
60
Name
Description
Func_PD
PD Chk 3I0/3I2
1.5
Reports
Table 122 Event report list
Information
Description
PD Startup
PD Trip
228
Information
Description
CB Err Blk PD
PD Trip Fail
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 124 Technical data for poles discordance protection
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
229
230
1.1
Introduction
The synchronism and voltage check function ensures that the stability of the
network is not endangered when switching a line onto a busbar. The voltage
of the feeder to be energized is compared to that of the busbar to check
conformances in terms of magnitude, phase angle and frequency within
certain tolerances.
The synchro-check function checks whether the voltages on both sides of the
circuit breaker are synchronize, or at least one side is dead to ensure closing
can be done safely.
When comparing the two voltages, the synchro check uses the voltages from
busbar and outgoing feeder. If the voltage transformers for the protective
functions are connected to the line side, the reference voltage has to be
connected to a busbar voltage.
If the voltage transformers for the protective functions are connected to the
busbar side, the reference voltage has to be connected to a line voltage.
Note:
1.2
Function principle
Synchro-check function can operate in several modes of operation, including
full synchro-check mode, energizing mode (dead line or bus check) and
override (synchro-check bypass) mode.
1.2.1
Synchro-check mode
231
1.2.2
All three phases voltage U(a,b,c) should be above the setting value
Umin_Syn.
232
Energizing check for dead line and live bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word AR_EnergChkDLLB is on
Energizing check for live line and live bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word AR_EnergChkLLDB is on
Energizing check for dead line and dead bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word AR_EnergChkDLDB is on
1.2.3
Override mode
In this mode, autoreclosure will be released without any check.
1.2.4
Logic diagram
233
Ua(Ub,Uc) >Umin_Syn
AR_Syn Check on
A
N
D
Ux>Umin_Syn
Anglediff<Angle_Syn Diff
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
T_Syn Check
Synchr-check or
energizing check
meet
Freqdiff<Freq_Syn Diff
Udiff<U_Syn Diff
AR_EnergChkDLLB off
Ux <Umax_Energ
Ua(Ub,Uc)
>Umin_Syn
VT_Line off
AR_EnergChkDLLB
on
A
N
D
Ua(Ub,Uc)
<Umax_Energ
VT_Line off
A
N
D
A
N
D
Ua(Ub,Uc)
<Umax_Energ
O
R
O
R
AR_EnergChkDLDB
off
AR_EnergChkDLDB
on
Ux<Umax_Energ
O
R
AR_EnergChkLLDB
off
AR_EnergChkDLLB
on
Ux>Umin_Syn
T_MaxSynExt
O
R
AR_EnergChkDLLB
off
AR_EnergChkDLLB
on
Ux >Umin_Syn
Ua(Ub,Uc)
<Umax_Energ
VT_Line on
Ux<Umax_Energ
Ua(Ub,Uc)
>Umin_Syn
O
R
A
N
D
AR_EnergChkLLDB
off
A
N
D
AR_EnergChkLLDB
on
O
R
VT_Line on
1.3
234
Synchr-check or
energizing check
fail
Signal
Description
UP1
UP2
UP3
UPX
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 126 Synchro-check function setting list
Min.
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A
(Ir:5A/1
setting
/1A)
A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Degree
80
30
40
10
Hz
0.02
0.05
60
0.05
0.05
60
10
Umin_Syn
30
65
40
Umax_Energ
10
50
30
Setting
Angle_Syn
Diff
U_Syn Diff
Freq_Syn
Diff
T_Syn
Check
T_MaxSynE
xt
Unit
Description
angle difference threshold of
synchronizing
voltage difference threshold of
synchronizing
frequency difference threshold of
synchronizing
delay time of synchronizing
235
Name
Description
AR_Override
AR_EnergChkDLLB
AR_EnergChkLLDB
AR_EnergChkDLDB
AR_Syn check
1.4.2
Setting explanation
Angle_Syn DiffMaximum allowable phase difference between bus
voltage and line angle under synchronization check mode.
1)
4)
5)
6)
7)
1.5
236
Reports
Information
Description
Syn Request
AR_EnergChk OK
Energizing check OK
Syn Failure
Syn OK
Synchronization check OK
EnergChk fail
Information
Description
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 130 Synchro-check and voltage check technical data
Item
Operating mode
Rang or Value
Synchronization check:
Synch-check
Override
Tolerance
Energizing check:
10 to 50 V (phase to earth),
or bus
step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
237
30 to 65 V (phase to earth),
or bus
step 1 V
V-measurement Voltage
1 to 40 V (phase-to-earth),
difference
steps 1 V
f-measurement
(f2>f1;
3 % setting or 1 V
1V
20 mHz
f2<f1)
Hz,
-measurement (2>1;
1 to 80 , step, 1
2<1)
Minimum measuring time
ms
Maximum synch-check
extension time
238
239
240
Auto-reclosing
1.1
Introduction
For restoration of the normal service after a fault, an auto-reclosing attempt is
mostly made for overhead lines. Experiences show that about 85% of faults
are transient and can disappear when an auto-reclosing attempt is performed.
This means that the line can be connected again; the reconnection is
accomplished after a dead time via the automatic reclosing system. If the fault
still exists after auto-reclosing, for example, arc has not been cleared, the
protection will re-trip the circuit breaker (hereinafter is referred as CB).
Auto-reclosing is only permitted on overhead lines because a short circuit arc
can be extinguished only in overhead lines and not cable feeders. Main
features of the auto-reclosing function (hereinafter is referred as AR) are as
following:
1.2
Individually settable dead time for three phase and single phase fault and
for each shot
Internal/external AR initiation
CB ready supervision
CB Aux. interrogation
Function principle
The AR is able to cooperate with single-pole operated CB as well as
three-pole operated CB. The function provides up to 4 auto-reclosing shots
that can be determined by setting, Times_AR. Moreover, since the time
required for extinguishing short circuit arc is different for single or three phase
faults, the different dead time settings, T_1P ARn and T_3P ARn ( n
represents 1, 2, 3, or 4), AR have been provided to set single-pole tripping
dead time and three-pole tripping dead time of each shot separately.
1.2.1
Single-shot reclosing
241
242
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open PosItion
AR Initiate
T_3P AR1
Synchro-check or
voltage check OK
T_Action
T_Action
Closing Command
T_Reclaim
T_Reset
1.2.2
Multi-shot reclosing
The first reclosing shot is, in principle, the same as the single-shot
auto-reclosing. If the first reclosing is unsuccessful, it doesnt result in a final
trip, if multi-shot reclosing is set to be performed. In this case, if a fault occurs
during reclaim time of the first reclosing shot, it would result in the start of the
next reclose shot with dead time T_1pAR1, T_1p AR2, T_1p AR3, T_1p
AR4, T_3P AR2, T_3P AR3 or T_3P AR4. This procedure can be
repeated until the whole reclosing shots which are set inside the device is
performed. Different dead times can be set to various shots of AR function.
This can be performed through settings T_1pAR1, T_1p AR2, T_1p AR3,
T_1p AR4, T_3p AR1, T_3p AR2, T_3p AR3, T_3p AR4. However, if
none of reclosing shots is successful, i.e. the fault doesnt disappear after the
last programmed shot, a final trip is issued, and reclosing attempts are
announced to be unsuccessful.
The typical tripping-reclosing procedure of two shots reclosing scheme, is
illustrated in time sequence diagrams, Figure 81, and is described as
following:
1) After trip command issued, CB will be opened in a short time.
2) The auto-reclosing is initiated when the current is cleared.
243
244
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open PosItion
AR Initiate
T_3P AR1
Synchro-check or
voltage check OK
T_Action
T_Action
Closing Command
T_Reclaim
T_Reset
Figure 81 A permanent three-phase fault, two reclosing shots and final tripping
1.2.3
AR_1p mode
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function will be initiated by
single phase tripping condition as well as using the external single pole
binary input initiation. If the three-phase AR initiation binary input, 3Ph
Init AR, is active, the closing function will be blocked.
AR_3p mode
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function only operates for
three pole closing.
AR_1p(3p) mode
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function operates for both
single pole tripping as well as three pole tripping.
245
AR_Disable
By setting this binary setting to 1, auto-reclosing function will be off or
out of service.
Note: If any illegal setting has been done, AR FUNC Alarm is
reported.
AR Init by 3p
By setting this binary setting to 1, auto-reclosing function can be
initiated by three phase faults as well as single phase faults. Otherwise,
auto-reclosing can be done only for single phase faults according to the
mode of auto-reclosing operation define previously.
AR Init by 2p
By setting this binary setting to 1, auto-reclosing function can be
initiated by two phase fault.
AR Final Trip
By setting this binary setting to 1, auto-reclosing function generates a
three pole trip command for an unsuccessful single pole reclosing.
In the AR_1P mode, after a single pole tripping, if auto-reclosing
function is blocked suddenly during the dead time of a 1-pole reclosing
cycle, the circuit breaker will be kept in poles discordance state. To
avoiding this state, by binary setting AR Final Trip at 1, the IED will
issue a 3-pole trip command to open the rest of circuit breaker poles.
This binary setting is always used in the situation without pole
discordance protection applied.
1.2.4
Auto-reclosing initiation
The auto-reclosing function can be initiated by the internal functions listed
below:
246
Differential protection
Distance Z1
PhA Init AR
External phase A tripping output initiates AR
PhB Init AR
External phase B tripping output initiates AR
PhC Init AR
External phase C tripping output initiates AR
3Ph Init AR
External three-phase tripping output initiates AR
1.2.5
247
Protection
IED
BO-Trip PhA
BI-PhA Init AR
BO-Trip PhB
BI-PhB Init AR
BO-Trip PhC
BI-PhC Init AR
BO-Trip 3Ph
BI-3Ph Init AR
BO Relay Block AR
BI-MC/AR Block
On
Off
Protection
IED with AR
BI-AR OFF
1.2.6
Auto-reclosing logic
Some important points regarded to auto-reclosing logic are described as
following:
248
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open PosItion
AR Initiate
T_3P AR1
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
Synchro-check or
voltage check OK
T_Syn Check
T_MaxSynExt
T_Action
Closing Command
T_Reclaim
T_Reset
Note:
T_Syn Check > t1, t2, t4, t5, t6;
T_Syn Check t3
Close command pulse lasts for T_Action at most. During this time, it
does not check synchronization conditions any longer. Before the end of
close command pulse, if any function tripping happen, the close
command is terminated.
249
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open Position
1.2.7
To prevent automatic reclosing during feeder dead status (CB Open), for
example, in the IED testing, AR is initiated at first shot only when the CB
has been closed for more than setting time, T_AR Reset.
AR blocked conditions
1.2.8
Logic diagram
OR
B Phase no current
AND
AND
3 Phase no current
BI_PhB Init AR 1-0
BI_PhC Init AR 1-0
AND
3 Phase no current
OR
3 phase Startup AR
AND
3 Phase no current
251
AND
AND
OR
1P CBOpen Init AR on
1P CBOpen Init AR on
AND
AND
3P CBOpen Init AR on
3 phase Startup AR
OR
AND
3P CBOpen Init AR on
AND
3P CBOpen Init AR on
AR_Chk3PVol =0
1)
AR_Chk3PVol =1
OR
AND
Ua(Ub,Uc) >Umin_Syn
AND
t
3)
2)
t
Note:
1) t = T_Syn Check
2) t = T_3P AR
3) t = T_MaxSynExt
252
Check 3 Ph failure
1)
OR
AND
AR_3p mode = 1
AR_1p(3p) mode =1
OR
AND
3 phase initiate AR
2)
AND
NO check
OR
Energizing check OK
3)
t
Synchro-check OK
AND
AR Closing
AR_Disable =1
4)
t
BI_CB Faulty
AR Fail
AND
AR_3p mode =1
Ph A Tripping: 0-1
OR
Ph B Tripping: 0-1
AR Lockout
AND
Ph B Tripping: 0-1
OR
3 Ph Tripping: 0-1
AND
Relay trip 3 Ph = 1
AR_1p mode = 1
Note:
1) t = T_1P AR
2) t = T_3P AR
3) t = T_MaxSynExt
4) t = T_CB Faulty
253
IP1
IP2
AR Lockout
IP3
AR Not Ready
UP1
AR Final Trip
UP2
AR In Progress
UP3
AR Successful
UP4
PhA Init AR
PhB Init AR
PhC Init AR
3Ph Init AR
MC/AR Block
AR off
CB Faulty
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open
3Ph CB Open
V1P MCB Fail
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4
Signal
Description
AR Off
AR function off
MC/AR Block
AR block
PhA Init AR
PhaseA initiate AR
PhB Init AR
PhaseB initiate AR
254
Signal
Description
PhC Init AR
PhaseC initiate AR
3Ph Init AR
CB Faulty
PhA CB Open
Phase A CB Open
PhB CB Open
Phase B CB Open
PhC CB Open
Phase C CB Open
VT broken of UX in synchrocheck
Table 133 Binary output list
Signal
Description
Relay Block AR
Permanent trip
AR Close
AR Close
AR Lockout
AR Lockout
AR Not Ready
AR Not Ready
AR Final Trip
AR Final Trip
AR In Progress
AR In Progress
AR Successful
AR Successful
AR Fail
AR Fail
Note:
AR lockout: If this contact is output, IED will only trip three poles.
AR Final TripIf single AR has startup but AR cant be enabled for any
reason, this contact will be output for three pole tripping, if the setting AR
Final Trip has been enabled.
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
255
Uni
Setting
Min.
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A/
(Ir:5A/1
setting
1A)
A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
T_1P AR1
0.05
10
0.6
T_1P AR2
0.05
10
0.7
T_1P AR3
0.05
10
0.8
T_1P AR4
0.05
10
0.9
T_3P AR1
0.05
60
1.1
T_3P AR2
0.05
60
1.2
T_3P AR3
0.05
60
1.3
T_3P AR4
0.05
60
1.4
T_Action
ms
80
500
80
Description
delay time of shot 1 of single pole
reclosing
delay time of shot 2 of single pole
reclosing
delay time of shot 3 of single pole
reclosing
delay time of shot 4 of single pole
reclosing
delay time of shot 1 of three pole
reclosing
delay time of shot 2 of three pole
reclosing
delay time of shot 3 of three pole
reclosing
delay time of shot 4 of three pole
reclosing
duration of the circuit breaker
closing
pulse
T_Reclaim
0.05
60
Reclaim time
T_CB Faulty
0.5
60
duration of CB ready
quanty of shots
60
0.05
0.05
60
10
0.5
60
Times_AR
T_Syn
Check
T_MaxSynE
xt
T_AR Reset
Abbr.
AR Init By 2p
AR Init By 3p
256
Explanation
AR Initiated by
phase-to-phase fault
AR Initiated by three
phase fault
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
Tele_EF Init AR
Auto reclosure
Abbr.
Explanation
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
EF2 Init AR
initiated by second
stage zero-sequence
current protection
single phase mode for
AR_1p mode
Auto-reclosing
function
three phase mode for
AR_3p mode On
Auto-reclosing
function
one and three phase
AR_1p(3p) mode
mode for
Auto-reclosing
function
AR_Disable
AR_Override
Auto-reclosing
function disabled
Override mode for AR
enabled or disabled
Synchronization check
AR_Syn check
for AR enabled or
disabled
three phase voltage
AR_Chk3PVol
AR Final Trip
1P CBOpen Init AR
3P CBOpen Init AR
1.5
Final trip by AR
AR initiated by single
phase CB open
AR initiated by three
phase CB open
Reports
257
Description
1st Reclose
First reclose
2nd Reclose
Second reclose
3rd Reclose
Third reclose
4th Reclose
Fourth reclose
AR Block
Autoreclose blocked
BI MC/AR BLOCK
Autoreclose BI blocked
AR Success
Autoreclose success
AR Final Trip
AR in progress
Autoreclose is in progress
AR Failure
Autoreclosure failed
Table 137 Alarm report list
Information
Description
AR Mode Alarm
Information
Description
Func_AR On
AR function on
Func_AR Off
AR function off
BI_AR Off
AR off BI
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
258
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Up to 4
Shot 1 to 4 is individually
selectable
AR initiating functions
for shots 1 to 4
Reclaim time
reset time)
Circuit breaker ready
supervision time
Dead time extension for
259
260
1.1
Introduction
Open or short circuited current transformer cores can cause unwanted
operation of many protection functions such as earth fault protection and
negative sequence current functions.
It must be remembered that a blocking of protection functions at CT open
causes extremely high voltages that can stress the secondary circuit.
To prevent IED from wrong tripping, interruptions in the secondary circuits of
current transformers is detected and reported by the device. When the
measured zero-sequence current is always larger than the setting value of
3I0_CT Fail for 12 sec, CT Fail is reported and zero-sequence current
protection will be blocked.
1.2
Function diagram
CT Fail
IN
1.3
Signal
Description
IN
Signal
Description
261
Description
CT Fail
CT Fail
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 141 Fuse failure supervision function setting list
Max.
Setting
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5
(Ir:5A/1A)
A/1A
)
3I0_CT Fail
0.08Ir
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
2Ir
0.2Ir
Abbr.
Explanation
CT Fail
Default
Check CT mode
1.4.2
Setting explanation
1.5
Reports
Table 143 Alarm report list
Information
Description
CT Fail
CT fail
262
Unit
Min.
Max.
2.1
Introduction
In the event of a measured voltage failure due to a broken conductor or a
short circuit fault in the secondary circuit of voltage transformer, those
protection functions which are based on under-voltage criteria may
mistakenly see a voltage of zero. VT failure supervision function is provided to
inform those functions about a voltage failure. VT supervision can be used to
monitor the voltage transformer circuit, single-phase VT failures, two-phase or
three-phase VT failures. Its main features are as follows:
2.2
Function principle
VT failure supervision function can be enabled or disabled via binary setting
VT Fail. By applying setting 1/on to this binary setting, VT failure
supervision function would monitor the voltage transformer circuit. As
mentioned, the function is able to detect single-phase broken, two-phase
broken or three-phase broken faults in secondary circuit of voltage
transformer, if a three-phase connection is applied.
There are three main criteria for VT failure detection; the first is dedicated to
detect three-phase broken faults. The second and third ones are to detect
single or two-phase broken faults in solid earthed and isolated/resistance
earthed systems, respectively. A precondition to meet these three criteria is
that IED should not startup and the calculated zero sequence and negative
sequence currents should be less than setting of 3I02_ VT Fail. The criteria
are as follows:
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
Logic diagram
If VT failure supervision detects a failure in voltage transformer secondary
circuit, either by means of the above mentioned criteria or reception of a VT
MCB fail indication, all the protection functions, which are based on direction
component or low voltage criteria, will be blocked. Furthermore, Alarm report
VT fail is issued after 10s delay time. The blocking condition would be
removed if one of the following conditions is met within the 10 sec delay time
(previous to Alarm VT fail).
1. Without IED startup, minimum phase voltage becomes more than setting of
Upe_VT Normal for 500ms.
2. Without IED startup, minimum phase voltage becomes more than setting of
Upe_VT Normal and at the same time, the calculated zero sequence and
negative sequence current of corresponding side becomes more than the
setting of 3I02_ VT Fail.
Subsequent to VT fail alarm, the blocking condition of respective protection
functions would be removed if without IED startup, the minimum phase
voltage becomes more than the setting of Upe_VT Normal for a duration
264
A
N
D
max{Ua,Ub,Uc}<
Upe_VT Fail
3U0 < (Upe_VT Fail-1)
Max{Uab,Ubc,Uca}Min{Uab,Ubc,Uca}>
Upp_VT Fail
A
N
D
Relay Start up
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
BI_V3P MCB
Fail 0-1
VT Fail on
A
N
D
VT Fail
block
O
R
VT Fail
unblock
10S
Alarm
report
VT Fail block
min{Ua,Ub,Uc}>
Upe_VT Normal
A
N
D
A
N
D
500ms
A
N
D
3I0>3I02_VT Fail or
3I2>3I02_VT Fail
A
N
D
A
N
D
10S
2.3
265
VT Fail
IP2
IP3
IN
IU1
IU2
IU3
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
UP1
UP2
UP3
Signal
Description
Signal
Description
VT Fail
VT Fail
2.4
Setting parameters
2.4.1
Setting list
266
Min.
Setting
Unit
(Ir:5A/1
A)
I_VT Fail
Max.
setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A
Description
0.08Ir
0.2Ir
0.1Ir
detection
Negative sequence/zero
3I02_VT Fail
0.08Ir
0.2Ir
0.1Ir
Upe_VT Fail
20
Upp_VT Fail
10
30
16
40
65
40
Upe_VT
Normal
Abbr.
VT Fail
Solid Earthed
2.5
Explanation
Default
Check VT
The system is solid
earthed system
Unit
Min.
Max.
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 149 VT secondary circuit supervision technical data
Item
Range or value
Tolerances
Minimum current
3% setting or 0.02Ir
5% setting or 0.02Ir
3% setting or 1 V
3% setting or 1 V
sequence current
Maximum phase to earth
voltage
Maximum phase to phase
267
268
3% setting or 1 V
269
Chapter 21 Mornitoring
Chapter 21 Monitoring
270
Chapter 21 Monitoring
1.1
Introduction
In normal condition of power system, whether AC circuits of three phases are
connected in right sequence or not can be distinguished by phasor
comparison of three phases current and voltage. If they are in abnormal
sequence, 3Ph SEQ Err will be reported.
2.1
Introduction
By comparing value and phasor of calculated 3I0 (IA+IB+IC) with that of 3I0
external connected, whether the polarity of external 3I0 is connected in
reverse or not can be differentiated. If it is in reverse, 3I0 Reverse will be
reported.
3.1
Introduction
If the third harmonic voltage exceeds 4V, Harmonic Alarm will be reported
with 10s delay time, but the protection is not blocked.
4.1
Introduction
If auxiliary contact of CB indicates that circuit breaker pole is open but at the
271
Chapter 21 Mornitoring
same time and current is flowing trough corresponding phase, CB Open A (B
or C) Err is reported after 2sec delay time..
Broken conductor
5.1
Introduction
The system supervises load flow in real time. If negative current is greater than
the setting of 3I2_Broken Conduct, after T_Broken Conduct, BRKN COND
Alarm is reported. The following logic shows the logic diagram of thebroken
conductor.
5.1.1
Logic diagram
BI_PhA CB Open
BI_PhA CB Open
O
R
BI_PhA CB Open
3I2>3I2_Broken
Conduct
A
N
D
A
N
D
Func_Broken Conduct on
A
N
D
Broken Conduct
Trip Off
Broken Conduct
Trip On
5.2
272
T_Broken
Conduct
T_Broken
Conduct
Broken
Conduct
Alarm
Broken
Conduct
Trip
Chapter 21 Monitoring
IP1
IP2
IP3
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
Signal
Description
PhA CB Open
Phase A CB Open
PhB CB Open
Phase B CB Open
PhC CB Open
Phase C CB Open
Table 152 Binary output list
Signal
Description
5.3
Setting parameters
5.3.1
Setting list
273
Chapter 21 Mornitoring
Table 153 Broken conductor supervision function setting list
Uni
Setting
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/
A)
1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
nagative sequence current
3I2_Broken
Conduct
0.08Ir
2Ir
2Ir
T_Broken
Conduct
250
10
Abbr.
Explanation
Func_Broken Conduct
Broken Conduct Trip
5.4
Default
Broken Conduct
function
Broken Conduct Trip
function
Reports
Table 155 Event report list
Information
Description
Information
Description
274
Unit
Min.
Max.
Chapter 21 Monitoring
6 Fault locator
6.1
Introduction
Fault location is a process aimed at locating the occurred fault with the
highest possibly accuracy. A fault locator is mainly the supplementary
protection equipment, which apply the fault location algorithms for estimating
the distance to fault.
IED reports fault location after protection tripping. Fault location is calculated
according fundamental frequency component of the measured voltages and
currents corresponding to the faulty phases. Making use of the fundamental
frequency voltages and currents at the line terminal, together with the line
paramenters appears as the most popular way for detrmining the fault
location.
Additionally, there are some conditions that affect the calculated impedance so
that it is not exactly corresponding to distance of the fault. For example, zero
sequence coupling compensation on parallel transmission lines affects the
fault location calculated by protection relays.Therefore, for parallel
transmission lines, IED need to consider mutual inductance, so it should be
informed about the zero sequence current of the other line, IN(mutual) via
analogue module of the equipment (Figure 91).
L1
L2
L3
52
52
CSC-101
IA
IB
IC
IN
IN (M)
275
Chapter 21 Mornitoring
Z=
U A(B,C)
IA(B,C) +K N 3I0+jK m IN M
Equation 23
where
KN =
Z0-Z1
3Z1
KM =
X0M
X1
Other condition that affect on calculated distance is remote end infeed (Figure
92), which can be suitably compensated in order that fault location can be
calculated as accurate as possible. For this purpose, imaginary part of Z L1, XL1,
is calculated from the following equation. This is done by separating the real
and imaginary parts of the following equation.
Zm1 =
U A I m ZL1 +I k R g
I
=
=ZL1 + K R g ei
Im
Im
Im
Equation 24
jX
Ik
R e j
Im g
M
L2
L1
XL1
ZL1
XM1
Im
Ik
Rg
In
ZM1
276
Chapter 21 Monitoring
277
278
Overview
Each IED is provided with a communication interface, enabling it to connect to
one or many substation level systems or equipment.
The following communication protocols are available:
Protocol
2.1
2.2
Communication port
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.1
280
Work Station 3
Server or
Work Station 2
Switch
Work Station 4
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
Gateway
or
converter
Switch
Gateway
or
converter
4.2
SNTP
Ethernet port
IRIG-B
IRIG-B port
Pulse
Binary input
281
Technical data
5.1
Data
Number
Connection
Communication speed
9600 baud
15 m
5.2
Data
Number
0 to 2
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
1.0 km
Test voltage
5.3
Data
Electrical communication port
Number
0 to 3
Connection
RJ45 connector
Rear port in communication module
100m
100 Mbit/s
282
100 Mbit/s
0 to 2
Connection
SC connector
Rear port in communication module
Multi-mode
2.0km
100 Mbit/s
5.4
100 Mbit/s
Time synchronization
Item
Data
Mode
Pulse mode
IRIG-B000
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
Voltage levels
differential input
283
284
2.1
Introduction
The IEDs are able to communicate with each other in two types:
Directly fiber-optical cable connection mode at distances up to 100 km
Through the communication converter with G.703 or G.703E1 interface
through the public digital communication network
Because there are up to two selectable fiber-optical remote communication
ports, the IED can work in the redundant communication channel mode, with
advantage of no time-delay channel switch in case of the primary channel
broken
Single-mode FO
Length: <60kM or
60~100kM
Channel A
IED
IED
285
Single-mode FO
Length: <60kM or
60~100kM
Channel A
Channel B
IED
IED
The link between the IED and a multiplexed communication network is made by dedicated
communication converters (CSC186). They have a fiber-optic interface with 1310 nm and 2
FC connectors to the protection IED. The converter can be set to support an electrical
G703-64 kbit/s or G703-E1 2Mbit/s interface, according the requirement of the multiplexed
communication
network.
Overhead Line or Cable
G703.5(E1: 2048kbit/s)
G703.1(64kbit/s)
o
e
IED
286
Communication
converter
Digital
communication
network
e
o
Communication
converter
IED
o
e
o
e
IED
Communication
converter
Digital
communication
network
e
o
e
o
Communication
converter
IED
Channel B
Single-mode FO
Length: <60kM or
60~100kM
Channel A
o
IED
Digital
communication
network
e
o
IED
Channel B
G703.5(E1: 2048kbit/s)
G703.1(64kbit/s)
Figure 99 Double channels, one channel through digital communication network, one
channel through dedicated fiber optical cables
Technical data
3.1
287
Data
Number
1 to 2
Single-mode
Optic wavelength
-38dBm
64 kbit/s, G703;
2,048 kbit/s, G703-E1
288
100kM
289
Chapter 24 Hardware
Chapter 24 Hardware
290
Chapter 24 Hardware
Introduction
1.1
IED structure
The enclosure for equipment is 19 inches in width and 4U in height according
to IEC 60297-3.
and overturn downwards. LCD, LED and setting keys are mounted on the
panel. There is a serial interface on the panel suitable for connecting to PC.
The modules can be combined through the bus on the rear board. Both
the equipment and the other system can be combined through the rear
interfaces.
1.2
IED appearance
291
Chapter 24 Hardware
1.3
X1
X2
X3
X4
AIM
CPU1 CPU2
COM
BIM
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10
PSM
Power supply module
output module
Communication
module
CPU module 2
CPU module 1
Figure 101 Module arrangement front view, when open the front panel
1.4
Test port
X10
PSM
X9
X8
X7
X6
Ethernet ports
X5
X4
X3
COM
292
Fiber Optical
ports
X2
X1
AIM
Chapter 24 Hardware
2.1
293
Chapter 24 Hardware
1
2.2
1.
2.
LEDs
3.
4.
Arrow keys
5.
Reset key
6.
Quit key
7.
Set key
8.
LCD
The member of keyboard and display panel is externally arranged similar to a
pocked calculator.
2.3
Keypad
The keypad is used to monitor and operate the IED. The keypad has the
same look and feel in all IEDs in the CSC series. LCD screens and other
details may differ but the way the keys function is identical. The keys used to
294
Chapter 24 Hardware
operate the IED are described below.
Table 157 function of keys of the keypad
Key
SET
function
SET key:
Enters main menu or sub-menu, and confirms the setting changes
QUIT
QUIT key:
Up arrow key:
Moves up in menu
RESET key:
RESET
2.4
Reset LEDs
Key
function
F1
Reserved
F2
Reserved
295
Chapter 24 Hardware
F3
Reserved
F4
Reserved
Plus key:
Switch next setting group forward as active setting group meaning
the number of setting group plus one.
Minus key
Switch next setting group backward as active setting group ,
meaning the number of setting group subtracted one.
2.5
LED
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and described below for 8 LEDs.
Table 159 Definition of 8 LEDs
No
LED
Color
Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally
Run
Green
Flashing: IED startup
Steady lighting: Alarm II, meaning abnormal situation,
only the faulty function is out of service. Power supply
for tripping output is not blocked.
Alarm
Red
Flashing: Alarm I, meaning severe internal fault, all
protections are out of service. And power supply for
tripping outputs is blocked as well.
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and described below for 20 LEDs.
Table 160 Definition of 20 LEDs
No
LED
Color
Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally
Run
Green
Flashing: IED startup
Steady lighting: Alarm II, meaning abnormal situation,
only the faulty function is out of service. Power supply
11
Alarm
Red
296
Chapter 24 Hardware
No
LED
Color
Description
protections are out of service. And power supply for
tripping outputs is blocked as well.
The other LEDs which are not described above can be configured.
2.6
297
Chapter 24 Hardware
Introduction
The analogue input module is used to galvanically separate and transform the
secondary currents and voltages generated by the measuring transformers.
There are two types of current transformer: Rated current 5A with linearity
range 50mA150A and rated current 1A with linearity range 100mA30A
(please indicate clearly when order the product).
3.2
b01
a01
b02
a02
b03
a03
b04
a04
b05
a05
b06
a06
b07
a07
b08
a08
b09
a09
b10
a10
b11
a11
b12
a12
298
Analogue
Remark
Chapter 24 Hardware
Input
a01
IA
b01
IA
a02
IB
b02
IB
a03
IC
b03
IC
a04
IN
b04
IN
a05
INM
b05
INM
a06
Null
b06
Null
a07
Null
b07
Null
a08
Null
b08
Null
a09
Null
b09
Null
a10
U4
b10
U4
a11
UB
Star point
b11
UC
Star point
a12
UA
Star point
b12
UN
3.3
Technical data
3.3.1
Rated current Ir
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
1 or 5 A
0.05 Ir to 30 Ir
0.005 to 1 A
299
Chapter 24 Hardware
sensitive CT
Power consumption (per
0.1 VA at Ir = 1 A;
phase)
0.5 VA at Ir = 5 A
0.5 VA for sensitive CT
IEC 60255-1
100 Ir for 1 s
IEC 60255-27
4 Ir continuous
IEC 60255-27
100 A for 1 s
sensitive CT
DL/T 478-2001
3 A continuous
3.3.2
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
100 V /110 V
0.4 V to 120 V
0.1 VA per phase
IEC 60255-27
DL/T 478-2001
IEC 60255-27
(phase-neutral voltage)
DL/T 478-2001
300
Chapter 24 Hardware
4 CPU module
4.1
Introduction
The CPU module handles all protection functions and logic. There are two
CPU modules in the IED, CPU1 and CPU2, with the same software and
hardware. They work in parallel and interlock each other to prevent
maloperation due to the internal faults of one CPU modules.
Moreover, the redundant A/D sampling channels are equipped. By comparing
the data from redundant sampling channels, any sampling data errors and the
channel hardware faults can be detected immediately and the proper alarm
and blocking is initiated in time.
4.2
RX
Ch A
TX
RX
Ch B
TX
301
Chapter 24 Hardware
Figure 106 Communication ports arrangement of CPU module
Table 162 Definition of communication ports of CPU module
Ports
Definition
Ch A RX
Ch A TX
Ch B RX
Ch B TX
302
Chapter 24 Hardware
5 Communication module
5.1
Introduction
The communication module performs communication between the internal
protection system and external equipments such as HMI, engineering
workstation, substation automation system, RTU, etc., to transmit remote
metering, remote signaling, SOE, event reports and record data.
Up to 3 channels isolated electrical or optical Ethernet ports and up to 2
channels RS485 serial communication ports can be provided in
communication module to meet the communication demands of different
substation automation system and RTU at the same time.
The time synchronization port is equipped, which can work in pulse mode or
IRIG-B mode. SNTP mode can be applied through communication port.
In addition, a series printer port is also reserved.
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
Chapter 24 Hardware
work in parallel for protocol, IEC61850 or IEC60870-5-103.
5.2.4
5.3
Ethernet port A
03
04
05
06
Ethernet port B
07
08
09
10
11
Ethernet port C
12
13
14
15
16
304
Terminal
Definition
01
Null
02
Null
03
Null
04
Null
Chapter 24 Hardware
05
06
07
08
09
Time synchronization
10
11
Null
12
Null
13
Null
14
Null
15
Null
16
Null
Ethernet
Port A
Ethernet
Port B
Ethernet
Port C
5.4
Operating reports
Information
Description
DI Comm Fail
DI communication error
DO Comm Fail
DO communication error
5.5
Technical data
5.5.1
Number
Data
1
305
Chapter 24 Hardware
Connection
Communication speed
9600 baud
15 m
5.5.2
Data
Number
0 to 2
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
1.0 km
Test voltage
5.5.3
Data
Electrical communication port
Number
0 to 3
Connection
RJ45 connector
Rear port in communication module
100m
100 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number
0 to 2
Connection
SC connector
Rear port in communication module
Multi-mode
2.0km
306
Chapter 24 Hardware
Communication speed
100 Mbit/s
5.5.4
100 Mbit/s
Time synchronization
Item
Data
Mode
Pulse mode
IRIG-B000
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
Voltage levels
differential input
307
Chapter 24 Hardware
Introduction
The binary input module is used to connect the input signals and alarm
signals such as the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker (CB), etc.
The negative terminal of power supply for BI module, 220V or 110V, should
be connected to the terminal.
6.2
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
DC -
DC -
a32
308
Chapter 24 Hardware
Table 164 Definition of terminals of BIM A
Terminal
Definition
Remark
a02
BI1
BI group 1
c02
BI2
BI group 2
a04
BI3
BI group 1
c04
BI4
BI group 2
a06
BI5
BI group 1
c06
BI6
BI group 2
a08
BI7
BI group 1
c08
BI8
BI group 2
a10
BI9
BI group 1
c10
BI10
BI group 2
a12
BI11
BI group 1
c12
BI12
BI group 2
a14
BI13
BI group 1
c14
BI14
BI group 2
a16
BI15
BI group 1
c16
BI16
BI group 2
a18
BI17
BI group 1
c18
BI18
BI group 2
a20
BI19
BI group 1
c20
BI20
BI group 2
a22
BI21
BI group 1
c22
BI22
BI group 2
a24
BI23
BI group 1
c24
BI24
BI group 2
a26
BI25
BI group 1
c26
BI26
BI group 2
a28
BI27
BI group 1
c28
BI28
BI group 2
a30
BI29
BI group 1
c30
BI30
BI group 2
a32
DC - Input
c32
DC - Input
309
Chapter 24 Hardware
6.3
Technical data
Item
Standard
IEC60255-1
Data
110/125 V
220/250 V
Threshold1: guarantee
IEC60255-1
operation
Threshold2: uncertain
operation
Response time/reset time
Power consumption,
energized
310
IEC60255-1
Chapter 24 Hardware
Introduction
The binary output modules mainly provide tripping output contacts, initiating
output contacts and signaling output contacts. All the tripping output relays
have contacts with a high switching capacity and are blocked by protection
startup elements.
Each output relay can be configured to satisfy the demands of users.
7.2
7.2.1
311
Chapter 24 Hardware
R
1
R
3
R
5
R
7
R
9
R
11
R
13
R
15
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
R
2
R
4
R
6
R
8
R
10
R
12
R
14
R
16
312
Chapter 24 Hardware
Table 165 Definition of terminals of BOM A
Terminal
Definition
Related relay
a02
Output relay 1
c02
Output relay 1
a04
Output relay 2
c04
Output relay 2
a06
Output relay 3
c06
Output relay 3
a08
Output relay 4
c08
Output relay 4
a10
Output relay 5
c10
Output relay 5
a12
Output relay 6
c12
Output relay 6
a14
Output relay 7
c14
Output relay 7
a16
Output relay 8
c16
Output relay 8
a18
Output relay 9
c18
Output relay 9
a20
Output relay 10
c20
Output relay 10
a22
Output relay 11
c22
Output relay 11
a24
Output relay 12
c24
Output relay 12
a26
Output relay 13
c26
Output relay 13
a28
Output relay 14
c28
Output relay 14
a30
Output relay 15
c30
Output relay 15
a32
Output relay 16
c32
Output relay 16
313
Chapter 24 Hardware
Binary Output Module C
7.2.2
The module provides 16 output relays for signal, with total 19 contacts.
R
4
R
5
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
6
R
7
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
R
8
R
9
R
10
R
11
R
12
R
13
R
14
R
15
R
16
Terminal
314
Definition
a02
c02
Related relay
Chapter 24 Hardware
7.3
a04
Output relay 1
c04
Output relay 1
a06
Output relay 2
c06
Output relay 2
a08
Output relay 3
c08
Output relay 3
a10
c10
a12
Output relay 4
c12
Output relay 7
a14
Output relay 5
c14
Output relay 6
a16
Output relay 8
c16
Output relay 8
a18
Output relay 9
c18
Output relay 9
a20
Output relay 10
c20
Output relay 10
a22
Output relay 11
c22
Output relay 11
a24
Output relay 12
c24
Output relay 12
a26
Output relay 13
c26
Output relay 13
a28
Output relay 14
c28
Output relay 14
a30
Output relay 15
c30
Output relay 15
a32
Output relay 16
c32
Output relay 16
Technical data
Item
Standard
IEC60255-1
Data
250V
/~
315
Chapter 24 Hardware
Current carrying capacity
IEC60255-1
5 A continuous,
30A200ms ON, 15s OFF
Making capacity
IEC60255-1
1100 W(
) at inductive load
with L/R>40 ms
1000 VA(AC)
Breaking capacity
Mechanical endurance,
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-1
Unloaded
220V
, 0.15A, at L/R40 ms
110V
, 0.30A, at L/R40 ms
50,000,000 cycles (3 Hz
switching frequency)
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
Mechanical endurance,
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
IEC60255-1
UL/CSATV
breaking
Specification state verification
IEC60255-23
IEC61810-1
Contact circuit resistance
IEC60255-1
measurement
IEC60255-23
30m
IEC61810-1
Open Contact insulation test
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-27
IEC60255-1
and materials
316
AC1000V 1min
55
Chapter 24 Hardware
Introduction
The power supply module is used to provide the correct internal voltages and
full isolation between the terminal and the battery system. Its power input is
DC 220V or 110V (according to the order code), and its outputs are five
groups of power supply.
(1) 24V two groups provided: Power for inputs of the corresponding
binary inputs of the CPU module
8.2
(2) 12V:
(3) + 5V:
a
DC 24V +
OUTPUTS
a04
a06
c06
a08
c08
c10
a02
DC 24V OUTPUTS
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
c22
AUX.DC +
INPUT
c24
c26
c28
a20
a22
a24
AUX. DC INPUT
a26
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
317
Chapter 24 Hardware
Figure 111 Terminals arrangement of PSM
Table 167 Definition of terminals of PSM
318
Terminal
Definition
a02
c02
a04
c04
a06
c06
a08
c08
a10
c10
a12
c12
a14
c14
a16
c16
a18
c18
a20
c20
a22
c22
a24
c24
a26
c26
a28
c28
a30
c30
a32
Chapter 24 Hardware
c32
8.3
Technical data
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-1
110 to 250V
Permissible tolerance
IEC60255-1
%20 Uaux
Power consumption at
IEC60255-1
quiescent state
Power consumption at
module
IEC60255-1
maximum load
Inrush Current
IEC60255-1
319
Chapter 24 Hardware
9 Techinical data
9.1
Basic data
9.1.1
Frequency
Item
9.1.2
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
50 Hz or 60Hz
Rated current Ir
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
1 or 5 A
0.05 Ir to 30 Ir
0.005 to 1 A
sensitive CT
Power consumption (per
0.1 VA at Ir = 1 A;
phase)
0.5 VA at Ir = 5 A
0.5 VA for sensitive CT
IEC 60255-1
100 Ir for 1 s
IEC 60255-27
4 Ir continuous
IEC 60255-27
100 A for 1 s
sensitive CT
DL/T 478-2001
3 A continuous
9.1.3
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
100 V /110 V
0.4 V to 120 V
0.1 VA per phase
IEC 60255-27
DL/T 478-2001
IEC 60255-27
(phase-neutral voltage)
DL/T 478-2001
320
Chapter 24 Hardware
9.1.4
Auxiliary voltage
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-1
110 to 250V
Permissible tolerance
IEC60255-1
%20 Uaux
Power consumption at
IEC60255-1
quiescent state
module
Power consumption at
IEC60255-1
maximum load
Inrush Current
IEC60255-1
9.1.5
Binary inputs
Item
Standard
IEC60255-1
Data
110/125 V
220/250 V
Threshold1: guarantee
IEC60255-1
operation
Threshold2: uncertain
IEC60255-1
operation
IEC60255-1
Power consumption,
IEC60255-1
energized
9.1.6
Binary outputs
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-1
250V
/~
IEC60255-1
5 A continuous,
30A200ms ON, 15s OFF
Making capacity
IEC60255-1
1100 W(
) at inductive load
with L/R>40 ms
1000 VA(AC)
Breaking capacity
IEC60255-1
220V
, 0.15A, at L/R40 ms
110V
, 0.30A, at L/R40 ms
321
Chapter 24 Hardware
Mechanical endurance,
IEC60255-1
Unloaded
50,000,000 cycles (3 Hz
switching frequency)
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
Mechanical endurance,
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
IEC60255-1
UL/CSATV
breaking
Specification state verification
IEC60255-23
IEC61810-1
Contact circuit resistance
IEC60255-1
measurement
IEC60255-23
30m
IEC61810-1
Open Contact insulation test
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-27
IEC60255-1
AC1000V 1min
55
and materials
9.2
Type tests
9.2.1
Standard
Data
IEC60255-27
Category III
Pollution degree
IEC60255-27
Degree 2
Insulation
IEC60255-27
Basic insulation
IEC60255-27
IEC 60529
IEC 60255-5
2KV, 50Hz
withstand test
EN 60255-5
2.8kV
ANSI C37.90
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
case earth
500V, 50Hz
between the following circuits:
322
Chapter 24 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
Communication ports to
case earth
time synchronization
terminals to case earth
IEC60255-5
IEC 60255-27
If Ui63V
EN 60255-5
1kV if Ui<63V
ANSI C37.90
GB/T 15145-2001
circuits:
DL/T 478-2001
Insulation resistance
IEC60255-5
100 M at 500 V
IEC 60255-27
EN 60255-5
ANSI C37.90
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
Protective bonding resistance
IEC60255-27
0.1
Fire withstand/flammability
IEC60255-27
Class V2
9.2.2
Standard
Data
IEC60255-22-1
Class III
IEC60255-26
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
IEC61000-4-18
EN 60255-22-1
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
Tested on the following circuits:
communication ports
Electrostatic discharge
IEC 60255-22-2
Level 4
323
Chapter 24 Hardware
IEC 61000-4-2
8 kV contact discharge;
EN 60255-22-2
IEC 60255-22-3
Frequency sweep:
disturbance test
EN 60255-22-3
IEC 60255-22-3
Pulse-modulated
disturbance test
EN 60255-22-3
IEC 60255-22-4,
Class A, 4KV
immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4
EN 60255-22-4
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
Class A, 1KV
Tested on the following circuits:
communication ports
IEC 60255-22-5
4.0kV L-E
IEC 61000-4-5
2.0kV L-L
Tested on the following circuits:
auxiliary power supply
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
500V L-E
Tested on the following circuits:
communication ports
IEC 60255-22-6
IEC 61000-4-6
MHz
spot frequencies: 27 MHz and
68 MHz
10 V
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
324
Chapter 24 Hardware
Power frequency immunity test
IEC60255-22-7
Class A
300 V CM
150 V DM
IEC 61000-4-8
test
Level 4
30 A/m cont. / 300 A/m 1 s to 3 s
IEC61000-4-18
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
Tested on the following circuits:
auxiliary power supply
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
Tested on the following circuits:
communication ports
9.2.3
DC voltage dips
Standard
IEC 60255-11
Data
100% reduction 20 ms
60% reduction 200 ms
30% reduction 500 ms
DC voltage interruptions
IEC 60255-11
100% reduction 5 s
DC voltage ripple
IEC 60255-11
IEC 60255-11
/start-up
9.2.4
IEC 60255-11
1 min
Radiated emission
Standard
Data
IEC60255-25
EN60255-25
up to 5 GHz)
CISPR22
Conducted emission
IEC60255-25
0.15MHz to 30MHz
EN60255-25
CISPR22
325
Chapter 24 Hardware
9.2.5
Mechanical tests
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-21-1
Class 1
test
EN 60255-21-1
10 Hz to 60 Hz: 0.075 mm
60 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay energized
Sinusoidal Vibration
IEC60255-21-1
Class 1
endurance test
EN 60255-21-1
10 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
20 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay non-energized
IEC60255-21-2
Class 1
EN 60255-21-2
5 g, 11 ms duration
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay energized
IEC60255-21-2
Class 1
EN 60255-21-2
15 g, 11 ms duration
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay non-energized
Bump test
IEC60255-21-2
Class 1
10 g, 16 ms duration
1000 shocks in both directions of
3 axes
Relay non-energized
Seismic test
IEC60255-21-3
Class 1
X-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 7.5 mm
X-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :2 g
Y-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 3.75 mm
Y-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis,
Relay energized
9.2.6
Climatic tests
Item
326
Standard
Data
Chapter 24 Hardware
Cold test - Operation
IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-1
Cold test Storage
IEC60255-27
-25C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-1
Dry heat test Operation
[IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-2
Dry heat test Storage
IEC60255-27
+70C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-2
Change of temperature
Damp heat static test
Damp heat cyclic test
9.2.7
IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-14
-10C / +55C
IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-78
load
IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-30
load
CE Certificate
Item
EMC Directive
9.3
Data
IED design
Item
Data
Case size
4U19inch
Weight
10kg
327
Chapter 25 Appendix
Chapter 25 Appendix
328
Chapter 25 Appendix
1.1
No
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
setting
A)
A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Description
Sudden-change
I_abrupt
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
current threshold of
startup element
2
3
4
5
6
7
T_Relay
Reset
U_Primary
U_Seconda
ry
CT_Primary
CT_Second
ary
I_VT Fail
0.5
10
kV
30
800
230
100
120
100
voltage (phase to
phase)
kA
0.05
0.08Ir
0.2Ir
0.1Ir
3I02_VT
Fail
0.08Ir
0.2Ir
0.1Ir
sequence current
threshold of release
blocking due to VT
failure
10
11
Upe_VT
Fail
Upp_VT
Fail
Upe_VT
Normal
voltage (phase to
V
20
earth) threshold of PT
failure detection
voltage (phase to
10
30
16
phase) threshold of PT
failure detection
restore voltage
40
65
40
threshold of PT failure
detection
zero sequence current
12
3I0_CT Fail
0.08Ir
2Ir
0.2Ir
threshold of CT failure
detection
329
Chapter 25 Appendix
nagative sequence
13
3I2_Broken
Conduct
0.08Ir
2Ir
2Ir
current threshold of
conduct broken
detection
14
T_Broken
Conduct
250
10
15
Kx
-0.33
zero sequence
reactance
compensation factor of
16
Kr
-0.33
zero sequence
resistance
compensation factor of
17
Km
-0.33
18
X_Line
Ohm
0.01
600
10
19
R_Line
Ohm
0.01
600
20
Line length
km
0.1
999
100
ms
100
40
21
T_Tele
Reversal
positive reactance of
the whole line
positive resistance of
the whole line
Length of line
Time delay of power
reserve
zero sequence current
22
3I0_Tele
EF
threshold of
A
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
tele-protection based
on earth fault
protection
time delay of
23
T0_Tele EF
0.01
10
0.15
tele-protection based
on earth fault
protection
current threshold of
24
I_PSB
0.5
20Ir
2Ir
power system
unstability detection
resistance reach of
25
R1_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1/5
zone 1 of phase to
earth distance
protection
reactance reach of
26
X1_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1/5
zone 1 of phase to
earth distance
protection
330
Chapter 25 Appendix
resistance reach of
27
R2_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
zone 2 of phase to
earth distance
protection
reactance reach of
28
X2_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
zone 2 of phase to
earth distance
protection
resistance reach of
29
R3_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
2.4/12
zone 3 of phase to
earth distance
protection
reactance reach of
30
X3_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
2.4/12
zone 3 of phase to
earth distance
protection
resistance reach of
31
R4_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3/15
zone 4 of phase to
earth distance
protection
reactance reach of
32
X4_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3/15
zone 4 of phase to
earth distance
protection
resistance reach of
33
R5_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3.6/18
zone 5 of phase to
earth distance
protection
reactance reach of
34
X5_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3.6/18
zone 5 of phase to
earth distance
protection
resistance reach of
35
R1Ext_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
extended zone 1 of
phase to earth
distance protection
reactance reach of
36
X1Ext_PE
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
extended zone 1 of
phase to earth
distance protection
delay time of zone 1 of
37
T1_PE
60
phase to earth
distance protection
331
Chapter 25 Appendix
delay time of zone 2 of
38
T2_PE
60
0.3
phase to earth
distance protection
delay time of zone 3 of
39
T3_PE
60
0.6
phase to earth
distance protection
delay time of zone 4 of
40
T4_PE
60
0.9
phase to earth
distance protection
delay time of zone 5 of
41
T5_PE
60
1.2
phase to earth
distance protection
delay time of extended
42
T1_Ext_PE
60
0.05
zone 1 of phase to
earth distance
protection
resistance reach of
43
R1_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1/5
zone 1 of phase to
phase distance
protection
reactance reach of
44
X1_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1/5
zone 1 of phase to
phase distance
protection
resistance reach of
45
R2_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
zone 2 of phase to
phase distance
protection
reactance reach of
46
X2_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
zone 2 of phase to
phase distance
protection
resistance reach of
47
R3_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
2.4/12
zone 3 of phase to
phase distance
protection
reactance reach of
48
X3_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
2.4/12
zone 3 of phase to
phase distance
protection
resistance reach of
49
R4_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3/15
zone 4 of phase to
phase distance
protection
332
Chapter 25 Appendix
reactance reach of
50
X4_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3/15
zone 4 of phase to
phase distance
protection
resistance reach of
51
R5_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3.6/18
zone 5 of phase to
phase distance
protection
reactance reach of
52
X5_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
3.6/18
zone 5 of phase to
phase distance
protection
resistance reach of
53
R1Ext_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
extended zone 1 of
phase to phase
distance protection
reactance reach of
54
X1Ext_PP
Ohm
0.01/0.
120/60
05
1.6/8
extended zone 1 of
phase to phase
distance protection
delay time of zone 1 of
55
T1_PP
60
phase to phase
distance protection
delay time of zone 2 of
56
T2_PP
60
0.3
phase to phase
distance protection
delay time of zone 3 of
57
T3_PP
60
0.6
phase to phase
distance protection
delay time of zone 4 of
58
T4_PP
60
0.9
phase to phase
distance protection
delay time of zone 5 of
59
T5_PP
60
1.2
phase to phase
distance protection
delay time of extended
60
T1_Ext_PP
60
0.05
zone 1 of phase to
phase distance
protection
current threshold of
61
I_SOTF_Di
st
0.08Ir
2Ir
0.2Ir
333
Chapter 25 Appendix
zero sequence current
62
3I0_Dist_P
E
0.1Ir
2Ir
0.1Ir
threshold of phase to
earth distance
protection
zero sequence voltage
63
3U0_Dist_
PE
0.5
60
threshold of phase to
earth distance
protection
high current threshold
64
I_Diff High
0.1Ir
20Ir
0.4Ir
of differential
protection
low current threshold
65
I_Diff Low
0.1Ir
20Ir
0.4Ir
of differential
protection
66
I_Diff TA
Fail
current threshold of
A
0.1Ir
20Ir
2Ir
differential protection
at CT failure
zero sequence current
67
I_Diff
ZeroSeq
0.1Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
threshold of zero
sequence differential
protection
68
T_Diff
ZeroSeq
69
T_DTT
70
CT Factor
0.1
60
0.1
sequence differential
protection
10
0.1
0.2
71
XC1
Ohm
40
9000
9000
capacitive reactance
of line
zero sequence
72
XC0
Ohm
40
9000
9000
capacitive reactance
of line
positive sequence
73
X1_Reactor
Ohm
90
9000
9000
reactance of shunt
reactor
zero sequence
74
X0_Reactor
Ohm
90
9000
9000
reactance of shunt
reactor
75
76
77
334
Local
Address
Opposite
Address
I_OC1
65535
65535
0.08Ir
20Ir
2Ir
Chapter 25 Appendix
overcurrent stage 1
78
T_OC1
60
0.1
79
I_OC2
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
80
T_OC2
60
0.3
81
82
overcurrent stage 1
current threshold of
overcurrent stage 2
delay time of
overcurrent stage 2
No.of inverse time
Curve_OC
Inv
I_OC Inv
delay time of
12
characteristic curve of
overcurrent
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
83
K_OC Inv
0.05
999
customized inverse
time characteristic
curve for overcurrent
time constant A of
84
A_OC Inv
200
0.14
customized inverse
time characteristic
curve for overcurrent
time constant B of
85
B_OC Inv
60
customized inverse
time characteristic
curve for overcurrent
index of customized
86
P_OC Inv
10
0.02
inverse time
characteristic curve for
overcurrent
the angle of bisector of
87
Angle_OC
Degre
e
90
60
operation area of
overcurrent directional
element
88
Imax_2H_U
nBlk
0.25
20Ir
5Ir
to release harmornic
block
ratio of 2rd harmonic
89
Ratio_I2/I1
0.07
0.5
0.2
to fundamental
component
90
T2h_Cross
_Blk
60
block by 2rd
harmormic
zero sequence current
91
3I0_EF1
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.5Ir
Chapter 25 Appendix
92
T_EF1
60
0.1
93
3I0_EF2
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
94
95
T_EF2
60
0.3
Curve_EF
Inv
12
characteristic curve of
earth fault protection
start current of inverse
96
3I0_EF Inv
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
97
K_EF Inv
0.05
999
time characteristic
curve for earth fault
protection
time constant A of
customized inverse
98
A_EF Inv
200
0.14
time characteristic
curve for earth fault
protection
time constant B of
customized inverse
99
B_EF Inv
60
time characteristic
curve for earth fault
protection
index of customized
100
P_EF Inv
10
0.02
inverse time
characteristic curve for
earht fault protection
the angle of bisector of
101
Angle_EF
Degre
e
90
70
102
Angle_Neg
Degre
e
50
90
70
operation area of
negative sequnce
directional element
103
336
I_Em/BU
OC
current threshold of
A
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
emergency/backup
overcurrent stage 1
Chapter 25 Appendix
104
T_Em/BU
OC
delay time of
s
60
0.3
emergency/backup
overcurrent stage 1
No.of inverse time
105
Curve_Em/
BU OC Inv
12
characteristic curve of
emergency/backup
overcurrent
start current of inverse
106
I_Inv_Em/B
U OC
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
time
emergency/backup
overcurrent
time multiplier of
customized inverse
107
K_Em/BU
0.05
OC Inv
999
time characteristic
curve for
emergency/backup
overcurrent
time constant A of
customized inverse
108
A_Em/BU
OC Inv
200
0.14
time characteristic
curve for
emergency/backup
overcurrent
time constant B of
customized inverse
109
B_Em/BU
OC Inv
60
time characteristic
curve for
emergency/backup
overcurrent
index of customized
110
inverse time
P_Em/BU
OC Inv
10
0.02
111
112
3I0_Em/BU
EF
T_Em/BU
EF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
60
0.3
113
Curve_Em/
BU EF Inv
12
characteristic curve of
emergency/backup
earth fault protection
337
Chapter 25 Appendix
start current of inverse
114
3I0_Inv_E
m/BU EF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
time
emergency/backup
earth fault protection
time multiplier of
customized inverse
115
K_Em/BU
0.05
EF Inv
999
time characteristic
curve for
emergency/backup
earth fault protection
time constant A of
customized inverse
116
A_Em/BU
EF Inv
200
0.14
time characteristic
curve for
emergency/backup
earth fault protection
time constant B of
customized inverse
117
B_Em/BU
EF Inv
60
time characteristic
curve for
emergency/backup
earth fault protection
index of customized
118
inverse time
P_Em/BU
EF Inv
10
0.02
119
I_STUB
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
120
T_STUB
60
current threshold of
STUB protection
delay time of STUB
protection
phase current
threshold of
121
I_SOTF
0.08Ir
20Ir
2Ir
overcurrent element of
switch onto fault
protection
delay time of
122
T_OC_SOT
F
60
overcurrent element of
switch onto fault
protection
zero sequnce current
123
3I0_SOTF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.5Ir
threshold of switch
onto fault protection
338
Chapter 25 Appendix
delay time of zero
124
T_EF_SOT
F
60
0.1
sequce overcurrent of
switch onto fault
protection
125
126
I_OL Alarm
T_OL
Alarm
0.08Ir
20Ir
2Ir
0.1
6000
20
127
U_OV1
40
200
65
128
T_OV1
60
0.3
129
U_OV2
40
200
63
130
T_OV2
60
0.6
0.9
0.99
0.95
131
Dropout_O
V
132
U_UV1
150
40
133
T_UV1
60
0.3
134
U_UV2
150
45
135
T_UV2
60
0.6
1.01
1.05
0.08Ir
2Ir
0.1Ir
136
137
Dropout_U
V
I_UV_Chk
current threshold of
overload alarm
delay time of overload
alarm
voltage threshold of
overvoltage stage 1
delay time of
overvoltage stage 1
voltage threshold of
overvoltage stage 2
delay time of
overvoltage stage 2
reset ratio of
overvoltage
voltage threshold of
undervoltage stage 1
delay time of
undervoltage stage 1
voltage threshold of
undervoltage stage 2
delay time of
undervoltage stage 2
reset ratio of
undervoltage
current threshold of
undervoltage
phase current
138
I_CBF
0.08Ir
20Ir
1Ir
threshold of circuit
breaker failure
protection
zero sequence current
139
3I0_CBF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
threshold of circuit
breaker failure
protection
negative sequence
140
3I2_CBF
0.08Ir
20Ir
0.2Ir
current threshold of
circuit breaker failure
protection
141
T_CBF1
32
Chapter 25 Appendix
142
143
T_CBF2
T_CBF 1P
Trip 3P
0.1
32
0.2
0.05
32
0.1
144
3I0_PD
20Ir
0.4Ir
threshold of pole
discordance protection
negative sequence
145
3I2_PD
20Ir
0.4Ir
current threshold of
pole discordance
protection
146
147
T_PD
T_Dead
Zone
60
32
148
T_1P AR1
0.05
10
0.6
149
T_1P AR2
0.05
10
0.7
150
T_1P AR3
0.05
10
0.8
151
T_1P AR4
0.05
10
0.9
152
T_3P AR1
0.05
60
1.1
153
T_3P AR2
0.05
60
1.2
154
T_3P AR3
0.05
60
1.3
155
T_3P AR4
0.05
60
1.4
Angle_Syn
Degre
Diff
156
80
30
threshold of
synchronizing
voltage difference
157
U_Syn Diff
40
10
threshold of
synchronizing
158
Freq_Syn
Diff
frequency difference
Hz
0.02
0.05
threshold of
synchronizing
duration of the circuit
159
T_Action
ms
80
500
80
breaker closing
pulse
340
Chapter 25 Appendix
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
1.2
No
T_Reclaim
T_CB
Faulty
0.05
60
Reclaim time
0.5
60
duration of CB ready
60
0.05
0.05
60
10
0.5
60
30
65
40
10
50
30
Times_AR
T_Syn
Check
T_MaxSyn
Ext
T_AR
Reset
Umin_Syn
Umax_Ener
g
Default
Min.
Max.
VT_Line
BI SetGrp Switch
Blk Remote
AR Init By 2p
AR Init By 3p
VT Fail
Solid Earthed
CT Fail
Access
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Func_Broken
Conduct
12
Broken Conduct
Trip
13
synchronizing
duration of quit
synchronizing
duration of CB
reclosing prepartion
Minimum voltage of
synchronizing
Maximum voltage of
unenergizing checking
delay time of
Weak InFeed
Description
setting
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
Setting
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
14
Description
blocking scheme of
Blocking Mode
tele-protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
15
16
PUR Mode
POR Mode
17
Func_Tele EF
fault protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Func_Z1
Func_Z2
Func_Z3
Func_Z4
Reverse_Z4
Func_Z5
Reverse_Z5
Func_Z1Ext
28
distance zone 1
enable(1)/disable(0)
distance zone 2
enable(1)/disable(0)
distance zone 3
enable(1)/disable(0)
distance zone 4
enable(1)/disable(0)
distance zone 4 reserve direction
(1)/forward direction(0)
distance zone 5
enable(1)/disable(0)
distance zone 5 reserve direction
(1)/forward direction(0)
distance extended zone 1
enable(1)/disable(0)
power swing element block
Z1_PS Blocking
distance zone 1
enable(1)/disable(0)
29
distance zone 2
enable(1)/disable(0)
30
distance zone 3
enable(1)/disable(0)
342
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
Setting
Min.
Max.
Default
Description
setting
31
distance zone 4
enable(1)/disable(0)
32
distance zone 5
enable(1)/disable(0)
33
Z1Ext_PS
Blocking
34
35
36
instantaneous tripping at
recolsing onto fault
enable(1)/disable(0)
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Func_OC1
OC1 Direction
Func_OC2
OC2 Direction
Func_OC Inv
overcurrent stage 1
enable(1)/disable(0)
overcurrent stage 1 with direction
element enable(1)/disable(0)
overcurrent stage 1 blcoked by
inrush enable(1)/disable(0)
overcurrent stage 2
enable(1)/disable(0)
overcurrent stage 2 with direction
element enable(1)/disable(0)
overcurrent stage 2 blcoked by
inrush enable(1)/disable(0)
inverse time overcurrent
enable(1)/disable(0)
343
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
Setting
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
46
Description
inverse time overcurrent with
OC Inv Direction
direction element
enable(1)/disable(0)
47
OC Inv Inrush
Block
48
Func_EF1
49
EF1 Direction
direction element
enable(1)/disable(0)
50
bloced by inrush
enable(1)/disable(0)
51
Func_EF2
52
EF2 Direction
direction element
enable(1)/disable(0)
53
bloced by inrush
enable(1)/disable(0)
54
Func_EF Inv
55
EF Inv Direction
56
EF Inv Inrush
Block
blocked by inrush
enable(1)/disable(0)
57
58
initiate recloser
enable(1)/disable(0)
59
initiate recloser
enable(1)/disable(0)
60
61
344
Func_BU OC
Func_Em/BU OC
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
62
Setting
Em/BU OC Inrush
Block
63
Func_Em/BU OC
Inv
64
Em/BU OC Inv
Inrush Block
Default
Min.
Max.
setting
Description
emergency overcurrent blocked
by inrush enable(1)/disable(0)
emergency inverse time
overcurrent enable(1)/disable(0)
emergency inverse time
65
66
67
Func_Em/BU EF
Em/BU EF Inrush
Block
68
Func_Em/BU EF
Inv
69
Em/BU EF Inv
Inrush Block
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
blocked by inrush
enable(1)/disable(0)
emergency inverse time earth
fault protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
emergency inverse time earth
Func_STUB
Func_SOTF
Func_OL
Func_OV1
OV1 Trip
Func_OV2
OV2 Trip
78
STUB protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
SOTF protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
SOTF protection blocked by
inrush enable(1)/disable(0)
overload enable(1)/disable(0)
overvoltage stage 1
enable(1)/disable(0)
overvoltage stage 1 tripping
(1)/alarm(0)
overvoltage stage 2
enable(1)/disable(0)
overvoltage stage 2 tripping
(1)/alarm(0)
1: phase to earth voltage applied
OV PE
79
80
Func_UV1
UV1 Trip
undervoltage stage 1
enable(1)/disable(0)
undervoltage stage 1
345
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
Setting
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
tripping(1)/alarm(0)
81
82
Func_UV2
UV2 Trip
83
undervoltage stage 2
enable(1)/disable(0)
undervoltage stage 2
tripping(1)/alarm(0)
1: phase to earth voltage applied
UV PE
by undervoltage;0: phase to
phase voltage applied by
undervoltage
84
85
UV Chk Current
86
UV Chk CB
for undervoltage
enable(1)/disable(1)
87
Func_CBF
CBF 1P Trip 3P
88
89
90
CBF Chk CB
Status
91
Func_PD
92
PD Chk 3I0/3I2
93
94
95
346
Func_Dead Zone
AR_1p mode
AR_3p mode
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
Setting
Min.
Max.
Default
Description
setting
enable(1)/disable(1)
96
97
98
99
AR_1p(3p) mode
AR_Disable
AR_Override
AR_EnergChkDLL
B
100
AR_EnergChkLLD
B
101
AR_EnergChkDLD
B
102
AR_Syn check
103
AR_Chk3PVol
104
105
1P CBOpen Init
AR
106
3P CBOpen Init
AR
107
108
Func_Diff Curr
110
111
113
Dual_Channel
Master Mode
Comp Capacitor
Func_Diff Curr
Cur
112
Abrupt
109
differential protection
enable(1)/disable(0)
sudden change differential
protection enable(1)/disable(0)
double channels(1)/single
channel(0)
master mode (1)/ slaver mode (0)
capacitive current compensation
enable(1)/disable(0)
CT failure block differential
protection enable(1)/disable(0)
block three phases(1)/block
broken phase(0)
347
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
Default
Setting
Min.
Max.
Diff_Zero Init AR
Chan_A Ext_Clock
Chan_B Ext_Clock
Loop Test
DTT By Startup
DTT By Z2
DTT By Z3
Description
setting
Note: The two settings, Imp.Oper.Zone and Test Pos.Imp, should set as
1 only for testing. They must be set as 0 in service.
348
Chapter 25 Appendix
Abbr.
Meaning
(LCD Display)
1.
Relay Startup
Protection startup
2.
Dist Startup
3.
3I0 Startup
Zero-current startup
4.
I_PS Startup
5.
BI Change
6.
Zone1 Trip
7.
Zone2 Trip
8.
Zone3 Trip
9.
Zone4 Trip
10.
Zone5 Trip
11.
Zone1Ext Trip
12.
13.
14.
Z2 Speedup Trip
Z2 Speedup Trip
15.
Z3 Speedup Trip
Z3 Speedup Trip
16.
17.
Relay Trip 3P
Trip 3 poles
18.
3P Trip(1T_Fail)
19.
20.
Fault Location
Fault location
21.
Impedance_FL
22.
Tele_DIST_Trip
Tele_DIST trip
23.
24.
Carr Stop(Dist)
25.
Carr Stop(CBO)
26.
Carr Stop(Weak)
27.
Carr Send(Dist)
28.
Carr Send(CBO)
29.
Carr Send(Weak)
30.
31.
349
Chapter 25 Appendix
32.
Carr Send(DEF)
33.
Tele_DEF_Trip
Tele_DEF trip
34.
35.
36.
37.
DTT
DTT
38.
Tele_Trans1 OPTD
39.
Tele_Trans2 OPTD
40.
Tele_Trans1 Drop
41.
Tele_Trans2 Drop
42.
WeakInfeed Init
WeakInfeed initiated
43.
OppositeEnd Init
44.
3Ph Diff_Curr
45.
3PH Res_Curr
46.
BI_DTT
47.
BI_Tele_Trans1
48.
BI_Tele_Trans2
49.
OppositeEnd Trip
50.
Sample No_Syn
51.
Sample Syn OK
52.
Channel A Data
53.
Channel B Data
54.
55.
EF1 Trip
56.
EF2 Trip
57.
EF Inv Trip
58.
EF SOTF Trip
59.
Em/Bu EF Trip
60.
61.
OC Startup
Overcurrent Startup
62.
OC1 Trip
63.
OC2 Trip
64.
OC Inv Trip
65.
OC SOTF Trip
66.
Em/Bu OC Trip
67.
68.
Inrush Blk
Inrush blocking
69.
STUB Trip
STUB trip
70.
OV1 Trip
350
Chapter 25 Appendix
71.
OV2 Trip
72.
UV1 Trip
73.
UV2 Trip
74.
CBF StartUp
CBF Startup
75.
CBF1 Trip
76.
CBF2 Trip
77.
CBF 1P Trip 3P
78.
PD Startup
79.
PD Trip
80.
81.
82.
83.
1st Reclose
First reclose
84.
2nd Reclose
Second reclose
85.
3rd Reclose
Third reclose
86.
4th Reclose
Fourth reclose
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
AR Block
Autoreclose blocked
95.
BI MC/AR BLOCK
Autoreclose BI blocked
96.
Syn Request
Synchronizing began
97.
AR_EnergChk OK
Energing Check ok
98.
Syn Failure
99.
Syn OK
Synchronizing check ok
104. AR Success
Autoreclose success
106. AR in progress
Autoreclose is in progress
107. AR Failure
Autoreclosure failed
Relay reset
BI SetGroup Mode
351
Chapter 25 Appendix
Table 169 alarming report list
No
352
Abbr.
(LCD Display)
Meaning
3I0 Imbalance
3I0 imbalance
3I0 Reverse
3I0 reverse
AI Channel Err
AI channel error
AR Mode Alarm
Battery Off
Battery Off
BI_DTT Alarm
BI_V1P_MCB Err
V1P_MCB BI alarm
10
BI_V1P_MCB Err
V1P_MCB BI alarm
11
12
Carr Fail(DEF)
13
Carr Fail(Dist)
14
CB Err Blk PD
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Chan_Loop Enable
24
ChanA_B Across
25
CT Fail
CT fail
26
DI Breakdown
DI breakdown
27
DI Check Err
DI check error
28
DI Comm Fail
DI communication error
29
DI Config Err
DI configuration error
30
DI EEPROM Err
DI EEPROM error
31
DI Input Err
DI input error
32
Diff_Curr Alarm
33
DO Breakdown
34
DO Comm Fail
DO communication error
35
DO Config Err
DO configuration error
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
Abbr.
(LCD Display)
Meaning
36
DO EEPROM Err
DO EEPROM error
37
DO No Response
38
DoubleChan Test
39
EquipPara Err
40
41
Func_CurDiff Err
42
Func_Dist Blk
43
Func_UV Blk
44
Local CT Fail
Local CT fail
45
46
NO/NC Discord
NO/NC discordance
47
Opposite CommErr
48
Opposite CT Fail
Opposite CT fail
49
50
OV1 Alarm
51
OV2 Alarm
52
Overload
Overload alarm
53
PD Trip Fail
54
55
56
57
58
Sample Err
59
60
Setting Err
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Test DO Un_reset
Test DO unreset
68
Trip Fail
Trip fail
69
U_3rd_Harm Alarm
70
UV1 Alarm
71
UV2 Alarm
st
nd
353
Chapter 25 Appendix
No
Abbr.
(LCD Display)
72
V1P_MCB VT Fail
V1P_MCB alarm
73
V3P_MCB VT Fail
V3P_MCB alarm
74
VT Fail
VT Fail
Meaning
No.
354
Abbr.
(LCD Display)
Meaning
1.
SwSetGroup OK
2.
Write Set OK
3.
WriteEquipParaOK
4.
WriteConfig OK
5.
AdjScale OK
6.
ClrConfig OK
7.
Cpu Reset
CPU reset
8.
Reset Config
Reset configuration
9.
Test BO OK
Test BO OK
10.
VT Recovery
VT recovery
11.
AdjDrift OK
12.
13.
MeasFreqOK
Measurement frequency OK
14.
Func_DiffCurr On
15.
FuncDiffCurr Off
16.
Chan_A Tele_Loop
Channel A loop on
17.
18.
Chan_B Tele_Loop
Channel B loop on
19.
20.
Chan_A Comm OK
21.
Chan_B Comm OK
22.
OppositeEnd On
Opposite end on
23.
OppositeEnd Off
24.
Test mode On
Test mode On
25.
26.
Func_VT Fail On
VT fail function on
27.
28.
Func_Dist On
Distance function on
Chapter 25 Appendix
No.
Abbr.
(LCD Display)
Meaning
29.
Func_Dist Off
30.
Func_PSB On
PSB function on
31.
Func_PSB Off
32.
Func_TeleDist On
TeleDist function on
33.
FuncTeleDist Off
34.
Func_Tele_DEF On
TeleDEF function on
35.
Func_TeleDEF Off
36.
Func_EF On
EF function on
37.
Func_EF Off
EF function off
38.
Func_EF Inv On
39.
40.
Func_OC On
OC function on
41.
Func_OC Off
OC function off
42.
Func_OC Inv On
43.
44.
Func_BU_OC On
BU OC function on
45.
Func_BU_OC Off
BU OC function off
46.
Func_BU_EF On
BU EF function on
47.
Func_BU_EF Off
BU EF function off
48.
Func_STUB On
STUB function on
49.
Func_STUB Off
50.
Func_SOTF On
SOTF function on
51.
Func_SOTF Off
52.
Func_OV On
OV function on
53.
Func_OV Off
OV function off
54.
Func_UV On
UV function on
55.
Func_UV Off
UV function off
56.
Func_AR On
AR function on
57.
Func_AR Off
AR function off
58.
AR Syn On
Syncronizing function on
59.
AR Syn Off
60.
AR EnergChk On
61.
AR EnergChk Off
62.
AR Override On
Override function on
63.
AR Override Off
64.
BI_AR Off
AR off BI
355
Chapter 25 Appendix
No.
356
Abbr.
(LCD Display)
Meaning
65.
Func_CBF On
CBF function on
66.
Func_CBF Off
67.
Func_PD On
PD function on
68.
Func_PD Off
PD function off
69.
Func_DZ On
DZ function on
70.
Func_DZ Off
DZ function off
Chapter 25 Appendix
Typical connection
Protection IED
a01
b01
IA
a02
b02
IB
a03
b03
IC
a04
b04
a10
a09
b09
b10
IN
UA
UB
UC
UN
a07
b07
U4
Figure 112 Typical connection diagram for one breaker of single or double busbar
arrangement
357
Chapter 25 Appendix
Protection IED
a01
b01
IA
a02
b02
IB
a03
b03
IC
a04
b04
a10
a09
b09
b10
IN
UA
UB
UC
UN
a07
b07
U4
A
B
C
Figure 113 Typical connection diagram for one and half breaker arrangement
358
Chapter 25 Appendix
Protection IED
a01
b01
IA
a02
b02
IB
*
a03
b03
IC
a04
b04
a10
a09
b09
b10
IN
UA
UB
UC
UN
a07
b07
U4
a05
b05
INM
359
Chapter 25 Appendix
4.1
Curves No.
4.2
IDMTL Curves
Parameter A
Parameter P
Parameter B
IEC INV.
0.14
0.02
13.5
1.0
80.0
2.0
120.0
1.0
ANSI INV.
8.9341
2.0938
0.17966
0.2663
1.2969
0.03393
5.6143
2.18592
ANSI MODERATELY
INV.
0.0103
0.02
0.0228
3.922
2.0
0.0982
10
5.64
2.0
0.02434
11
0.4797
1.5625
0.21359
K
360
Chapter 25 Appendix
Equation 25
where:
A: Time factor for inverse time stage
B: Delay time for inverse time stage
P: index for inverse time stage
K: Set time multiplier for step n
361
Chapter 25 Appendix
CT requirement
5.1
Overview
In practice, the conventional magnetic- core current transformer (hereinafter
as referred CT) is not able to transform the current signal accurately in whole
fault period of all possible faults because of manufactured cost and
installation space limited. CT Saturation will cause distortion of the current
signal and can result in a failure to operate or cause unwanted operations of
some functions. Although more and more protection IEDs have been
designed to permit CT saturation with maintained correct operation, the
performance of protection IED is still depended on the correct selection of CT.
5.2
362
Chapter 25 Appendix
defined by the secondary excitation characteristics and turns ratio error
limits. No limit for remanent flux
Class TPX CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified
transient duty cycle. No limit for remanent flux.
Class TPY CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified
transient duty cycle. Remanent flux not to exceed 10% of the saturation
flux..
Class TPZ CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous alternating current
component error during single energization with maximum d.c. offset at
specified secondary loop time constant. No requirements for d.c.
component error limit. Remanent flux to be practically negligible.
TPE class CT (TPE represents transient protection and electronic type
CT)
5.3
Description
Esl
Eal
Ek
Uk
Kalf
Kssc
Kssc
Kssc
Kpcf
Ks
Kx
Dimensioning factor
Ktd
Ipn
Isn
Ipsc
Ipcf
Isscmax
Rct
Chapter 25 Appendix
Rb
Rb
Rs
Rlead
Zbn
Zb
Tp
Ts
5.4
5.4.1
To reduce the influence of transient state, Kalf, Accuracy limit factor of CT,
should be larger than the following requirement
364
Chapter 25 Appendix
5.4.2
CT class
The selected CT should guarantee that the error is within the required
accuracy limit at steady symmetric short circuit current. The influence of short
circuit current DC component and remanence should be considered, based
on extent of system transient influence, protection function characteristic,
consequence of transient saturation and actual operating experience. To fulfill
the requirement on a specified time to saturation, the rated equivalent
secondary e.m.f of CTs must higher than the required maximum equivalent
secondary e.m.f that is calculated based on actual application.
For the CTs applied to transmission line protection, transformer differential
protection with 330kV voltage level and above, and 300MW and above
generator-transformer set differential protection, the power system time
constant is so large that the CT is easy to saturate severely due to system
transient state. To prevent the CT from saturation at actual duty cycle, TP
class CT is preferred.
For TPS class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting e.m.f) is generally
determined as follows:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor
Kssc: Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor
For TPX, TPY and TPZ class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting
e.m.f) is generally determined as follows:
Where
365
Chapter 25 Appendix
Ktd: Rated transient dimensioning factor
Considering at short circuit current with 100% offset
For C-t-O duty cycle,
366
Chapter 25 Appendix
5.4.3
Accuracy class
The CT accuracy class should guarantee that the protection relay applied is
able to operate correctly even at a very sensitive setting, e.g. for a sensitive
residual overcurrent protection. Generally, the current transformer should
have an accuracy class, which have an current error at rated primary current,
that is less than 1% (e.g. class 5P).
If current transformers with less accuracy are used it is advisable to check the
actual unwanted residual current during the commissioning.
5.4.4
Ratio of CT
The current transformer ratio is mainly selected based on power system data
like e.g. maximum load. However, it should be verified that the current to the
protection is higher than the minimum operating value for all faults that are to
be detected with the selected CT ratio. The minimum operating current is
different for different functions and settable normally. So each function should
be checked separately.
5.4.5
5.4.6
Secondary burden
Too high flux will result in CT saturation. The secondary e.m.f is directly
proportional to linked flux. To feed rated secondary current, CT need to
generate enough secondary e.m.f to feed the secondary burden.
Consequently, Higher secondary burden, need Higher secondary e.m.f, and
then closer to saturation. So the actual secondary burden Rb must be less
than the rated secondary burden Rb of applied CT, presented
Rb > Rb
The CT actual secondary burden Rb consists of wiring loop resistance Rlead
and the actual relay burdens Zb in whole secondary circuit, which is
calculated by following equation
367
Chapter 25 Appendix
Rb = Rlead + Zb
The rated relay burden, Zbn, is calculated as below:
Where
Sr: the burden of IED current input channel per phase, in VA;
For earth faults, the loop includes both phase and neutral wire, normally twice
the resistance of the single secondary wire. For three-phase faults the neutral
current is zero and it is just necessary to consider the resistance up to the
point where the phase wires are connected to the common neutral wire. The
most common practice is to use four wires secondary cables so it normally is
sufficient to consider just a single secondary wire for the three-phase case.
In isolated or high impedance earthed systems the phase-to-earth fault is not
the considered dimensioning case and therefore the resistance of the single
secondary wire always can be used in the calculation, for this case.
5.5
5.5.1
Where
368
Chapter 25 Appendix
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2.
recommended
To 220kV transmission line protection, Class 5P20 CT is preferred. Because
the system time constant is less relatively, and then DC component is less,
the probability of CT saturation due to through fault current at external fault is
reduced more and more.
Esl can be verified as below:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
Only at special case, e.g. short output feeder of large power plant, the PX
class CT is recommended. Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
5.5.2
Chapter 25 Appendix
For the CTs of high voltage side and middle voltage side, Eal should be
verified at external fault C-O-C-O duty cycle.
For the CT of low voltage side in delta connection, Eal should be verified at
external three phase short circuit fault C-O duty cycle.
Eal must meet the requirement based on following equations:
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 3
recommended
For 220kV voltage level and below transformer differential protection, P Class,
PR class and PX class is able to be used. Because the system time constant
is less relatively, and then DC component is less, the probability of CT
saturation due to through fault current at external fault is reduced more and
more.
For P Class, PR class CT, Esl can be verified as below:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
For PX class CT, Ek can be verified as below:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
5.5.3
370
Chapter 25 Appendix
For TP class CT,
5.5.4
Distance protection
For 330kV and above transmission line protection, TPY CT is preferred. To
guarantee the accuracy, Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
Where
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 3.
recommended for line which length is shorter than 50kM, 5 recommended for
line which length is longer than 50kM
To 220kV voltage and below transmission line protection, P Class CT is
preferred, e.g. 5P20.
Esl can be verified as below:
Where
371
Chapter 25 Appendix
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
Only at special case, e.g. short output feeder of large power plant, the PX
class CT is recommended. Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
5.5.5
Where
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2
recommended
For P Class and PR class CT,
Kalf should be satisfied following requirement:
372
Chapter 25 Appendix
Where
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
For PX class CT,
Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
5.5.6
Where
Chapter 25 Appendix
requirement, at C-O duty cycle
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2
recommended
For P Class and PR class CT,
Kalf should be satisfied following requirement:
Where
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
For PX class CT,
Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
374