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Halloween

Halloween has its origins in ancient Celtic harvest festivals and traditions surrounding death and spirits. The Celts believed that on October 31st, the boundary between the living and dead dissolved and spirits of the dead returned to Earth. To celebrate Samhain, the Celtic New Year, people would extinguish fires and dress in costumes to avoid recognition by spirits. The traditions were later adopted by Christians and incorporated into the observance of saints and All Hallows Eve. Over time, Halloween evolved into a more secular holiday involving costumes, games, and the carving of jack-o-lanterns from pumpkins.

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166 views

Halloween

Halloween has its origins in ancient Celtic harvest festivals and traditions surrounding death and spirits. The Celts believed that on October 31st, the boundary between the living and dead dissolved and spirits of the dead returned to Earth. To celebrate Samhain, the Celtic New Year, people would extinguish fires and dress in costumes to avoid recognition by spirits. The traditions were later adopted by Christians and incorporated into the observance of saints and All Hallows Eve. Over time, Halloween evolved into a more secular holiday involving costumes, games, and the carving of jack-o-lanterns from pumpkins.

Uploaded by

hopity
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Halloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a

celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate? Is it, as
some claim, a kind of demon worship? Or is it just a harmless vestige of
some ancient pagan ritual?
The word itself, "Halloween," actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It
comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1, "All Hollows
Day" (or "All Saints Day"), is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But,
in the 5th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 31.
The holiday was called Samhain (sow-en), the Celtic New year.
One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had
died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to
possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife.
The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time,
allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.
Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October
31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and
undesirable. They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and
noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in
order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.
Probably a better explanation of why the Celts extinguished their fires was not to
discourage spirit possession, but so that all the Celtic tribes could relight their
fires from a common source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning in the Middle
of Ireland, at Usinach.
Some accounts tell of how the Celts would burn someone at the stake who was
thought to have already been possessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. Other
accounts of Celtic history debunk these stories as myth.
The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own. But in the first century
AD, Samhain was assimilated into celebrations of some of the other Roman
traditions that took place in October, such as their day to honor Pomona, the
Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, which
might explain the origin of our modern tradition of bobbing for apples on
Halloween.
The thrust of the practices also changed over time to become more ritualized. As
belief in spirit possession waned, the practice of dressing up like hobgoblins,
ghosts, and witches took on a more ceremonial role.
The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840's by Irish
immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine. At that time, the favorite pranks
in New England included tipping over outhouses and unhinging fence gates.

The custom of trick-or-treating is thought to have originated not with the


Irish Celts, but with a ninth-century European custom called souling. On
November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to
village begging for "soul cakes," made out of square pieces of bread with
currants. The more soul cakes the beggars would receive, the more
prayers they would promise to say on behalf of the dead relatives of the
donors. At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a
time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a
soul's passage to heaven.
The Jack-o-lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told,
a man named Jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan
into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk,
trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would
never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.
According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven
because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had
tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way
through the frigid darkness. The ember was placed inside a hollowed-out turnip
to keep it glowing longer.
The Irish used turnips as their "Jack's lanterns" originally. But when the
immigrants came to America, they found that pumpkins were far more plentiful
than turnips. So the Jack-O-Lantern in America was a hollowed-out pumpkin, lit
with an ember.
So, although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday,"
the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts
celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And
today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events
for the kids. After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.

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