ANsys Modelling Paper SIF
ANsys Modelling Paper SIF
ANsys Modelling Paper SIF
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 9, September - 2013
Abstract
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1. Introduction
Fracture mechanics is a field of solid mechanics
that deals with the mechanical behavior of cracked
bodies. Fracture is a problem that society has faced
for as long as there have been man-made structures.
The problem may actually be worse today than in
previous centuries, because more can go wrong in
our complex technological society. Major airline
crashes, for instance, would not be possible without
modem aerospace technology. The Griffith theory
as described in the phenomenon of rupture and
flow of solids(1920) assumes that material
contains crack like defects and work must be
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Mode I:
The forces are perpendicular to the crack (the
crack is horizontal and the forces are vertical),
pulling the crack open. This is referred to as the
opening mode. What would happen if both of the
forces were pushing down on the crack? Nothing.
This would close the crack.
Mode II:
The forces are parallel to the crack. One force is
pushing the top half of the crack back and the other
is pulling the bottom half of the crack forward, both
along the same line. This creates a shear crack: the
crack is sliding along itself. It is called in-plane
shear beacuse the forces are not causing the
material to move out of its original plane.
In this case, what would happen if both the
forces were moving in the same direction, both
forward or both backward? This would not cause
the crack to grow, since all of the material would
be moving in the same direction.
Mode III:
The forces are perpendicular to the crack (the
crack is in front-back direction, the forces are
pulling left and right). This causes the material to
separate and slide along itself, moving out of its
original plane (which is why its called out-of-plane
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3
cos 1 sin sin
2
2
2
2r
K
3
cos 1 sin sin
2
2
2
2r
K
3
sin cos cos
2
2
2
2r
Eq.1
4. Methodology
SIF is an important parameter for reliable
prediction of Critical crack length. In order to
validate the methodologies described in the
previous sections, numerical studies on plate of
ASTM A36 STEEL with a centre crack have been
carried out. SIF has been calculated by using
generalized finite element software, ANSYS [2002]
[6]. Displacement extrapolation technique has been
adopted for SIF calculation. The values obtained by
using ANSYS have been compared with that of
theoretically calculated values. Further, critical
crack length have been predicted by using SIF
values using residual strength diagram.
ASTM A36 steel is the carbon steel that is used
in general plate application when the plate will be
riveted, bolted, or welded, it also available in hotrolled steels. The hot roll process means that the
surface on this steel will be somewhat rough; it will
bend much more quickly.
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= 2a/W
2a = Crack length
W = Width of the plate
= Force applied
Where the factor is used to relate gross
geometrical features to the stress intensity factor
Minimum
Properties
Where,
KI = Stress intensity factor
= Geometry factor
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Eq..2
Ultimate
Tensile Strength,
psi
Yield Strength,
psi
58,000 79,800
36,300
20.0%
Elongation
Youngs
Modulus
Poissons ratio
Fracture
Toughness
Chemistry
K a
(1 0.025. 2 0.06. 4 ). sec
Iron (Fe)
Carbon (C)
Manganese
(Mn)
Copper (Cu)
Phosphorus (P)
Sulfur (S)
29*106psi[5
]
0.29[5]
90
ksi
[5]
99%
0.26%
0.75%
0.2%
0.04%max
0.05%max
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Key points
#
1
2
3
4
5
0
0.01
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.1
Where,
= (20/2)
= 0.1
= 0.9997578
KI = 0.999103509*250* (*a)
= 44.306 N\mm(-3/2)
Material Properties
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Creating Areas
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Creating Lines
Applying Loads
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S.N
o
Crack
length
a
mm
Theoretic
al value
K
N\mm(-3/2)
DET
K value
N\mm(-3/2)
Difference
between
them
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
28
30
34
44.300
48.523
52.381
56.016
59.405
62.609
68.562
74.030
76.615
81.537
45.10
50.76
53.21
57.59
61.87
63.63
69.32
76.43
78.65
82.22
0.8
2.27
0.8
1.5
2.4
1.03
0.76
2.4
2.0
0.6
Crack
length
a
Mm
Theoretic
al value
K
N\mm(-
DET
K value
N\mm(-
Difference
between
them
3/2)
3/2)
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
28
30
32
48.730
53.376
56.247
61.618
64.732
68.870
75.416
81.433
84.236
87.025
49.558
54.29
58.93
63.54
68.03
70.31
76.74
81.12
85.64
89.91
0.79
0.91
2.6
1.9
3.2
1.4
1.3
0.3
1.4
2.8
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the
vs.
vs.
values can be similar obtained. Once a
sufficient number of values are available, the
residual strength diagram can be developed, or one
could also attack the problem in the graphic manner
that is explained using the following steps.
Step 1: Construct a plot of K vs a by using the
equation in step 1 for various values of stress and
crack lengths.
Step 2: Superimpose the horizontal line K= Kcr=
90 ksi
on the diagram. This line represents the
critical stress intensity, i.e., fracture toughness, for
this material and is independent of crack length.
Step 3: Complete the residual strength diagram,
utilize the intersection line with curves where the
failure criterion is satisfied, i.e., where
),
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
= 90/
.No
K=
Step 2: Define the failure criterion. For this plate it
is abrupt failure occurs and the condition that
defines the fracture is
Kcr=
. The values of the respective
stresses and the crack sizes these points are termed
to be the failure stresses and the critical crack sizes
for the given structures, i.e., model. The residual
strength diagram is finally constructed by plotting
the
vs.
curve.
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10. References
[1] Farahmand, Bockrath and Glascco, Fatigue and
Fracture mechanics of High Risk Application of LEFM
&FMDM
Theory,
International
Thomson
Publishing.(1997).
[2] F.D. javanroodi;K. M. Nikbin., The Fracture
Mechanics concept of creep fatigue crack growth in life
assessment, IJES, 2006,Vol.17,pp.3-4.
[3] Y.B Yeo; E.H.Lim., Microscopic Technique For
Linear Elastic Fracture Evaluation of Crack initiation
Zone, journal of applied sciences., 2010, vol.10,
pp.2663-2667.
[4] J. Parra-Michel; A. Martinez., Computation of crack
tip elastic stress intensity factor in mode I by in plane
electronic speckle pattern interferometry 2010 vol.5,
pp.394-400.
[5] Neelakantha V Londe; T.Jaya raju; P.R.Sadhanandha
rao,Use of round bar specimen in fracture toughness
test of metallic materialsIJEST.,2010 vol.9,pp.41304136.
[6] S. Das; R. Prasad; S. Mukhopadhyay, Stress
Intensity factor of an edge crack in composite medium
international journal of fracture, 2011,vol.172,pp.201207.
[7] Yu. G. Matvienko and E.L. Muravin., Numerical
Estimation of Plastic J-Integral by the Load Separation
Method For inclined cracks under Tension., IJF,2011,
vol.168, pp.251-257.
[8] H. Jasarevic; S. Gagula, Case studies in numerical
simulation of crack trajectories in brittle materials,
2012, vol.20, pp.32-35.
[9] Christian Skodborg Hansen ;Henrik Stang, Fracture
mechanical analysis of strengthened concrete tension
member with one crack, IJF., 2012, vol.173,No.3,
pp.21-35.
[10] Shouetsu Itou., Stress Intensity Factor for two
parallel interface cracks between a nonhmogeneous
bonding layer and two dissimilar orthotropic half planes
under tension, IJF., 2012, vol.175,, pp.87-192.
[11] Rafael G. Savioli; Claudio Ruggeri., J and CTOD
estimation formulaes for C(T) fracture specimens
including effects of weld strength overmatch, IJF, 2012.
[12] A Ramachandra murthy; G S Palani; Nagesh R Iyer
Damage tolerant evaluation of cracked stiffened panels
under fatigue loading Indian Academy of Sciences,
Vol. 37, Part 1, February 2012, pp. 171186.
250
40
275
34
300
28
Load
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N/mm2
Critical Crack
Length
mm
S.NO
6. Conclusion
In this paper we used Displacement
Extrapolation Technique for the calculation of SIF
KI in 2D structure of ASTM A36 Steel and been
compared with theoretically calculated SIF. To
know the Structural Integrity, the critical crack
length is the important parameter, calculated
critical crack length for loads 250N/mm2,
275N/mm2, 300N/mm2 are 40mm, 34mm, 28mm.
From this study, it has been observed that SIF value
increases with increase in crack length and the
component failed when the SIF reaches its critical
value i.e. fracture toughness Using the residual
strength diagram the propagation of the crack for
different loads are studied.
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