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    7.3 Second Order Partial Derivatives Compute The Four Second Order Partial Derivatives of 1

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    Mansoor Khalid
    This document discusses using the second derivative test to determine if a function has a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point at critical points. It provides examples of applying this test to several functions. The key steps are: 1) Find all critical points where the first partial derivatives are equal to 0 2) Calculate the second partial derivatives at each critical point 3) Evaluate the discriminant D and second partial derivatives to determine if each critical point is a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point based on the signs.

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    7.3 Second Order Partial Derivatives Compute The Four Second Order Partial Derivatives of 1

    Uploaded by

    Mansoor Khalid
    49 views7 pages
    This document discusses using the second derivative test to determine if a function has a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point at critical points. It provides examples of applying this test to several functions. The key steps are: 1) Find all critical points where the first partial derivatives are equal to 0 2) Calculate the second partial derivatives at each critical point 3) Evaluate the discriminant D and second partial derivatives to determine if each critical point is a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point based on the signs.

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    This document discusses using the second derivative test to determine if a function has a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point at critical points. It provides examples of applying this test to several functions. The key steps are: 1) Find all critical points where the first partial derivatives are equal to 0 2) Calculate the second partial derivatives at each critical point 3) Evaluate the discriminant D and second partial derivatives to determine if each critical point is a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point based on the signs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    49 views7 pages

    7.3 Second Order Partial Derivatives Compute The Four Second Order Partial Derivatives of 1

    Uploaded by

    Mansoor Khalid
    This document discusses using the second derivative test to determine if a function has a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point at critical points. It provides examples of applying this test to several functions. The key steps are: 1) Find all critical points where the first partial derivatives are equal to 0 2) Calculate the second partial derivatives at each critical point 3) Evaluate the discriminant D and second partial derivatives to determine if each critical point is a relative maximum, minimum, or saddle point based on the signs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    7.

    3 Second Order Partial Derivatives


    Compute the four second order partial
    derivatives of
    3
    2
    1. f ( x , y ) =x y +5 x y +2 x+1
    3

    f x =1. y + 5. y +2 ;
    f xx =0; f xy =3 y 2+10 y
    f y =x 3 y 2 +10 xy ;
    f yy =6 xy +10 x
    f yx=3 y 2+ 10 y

    2.

    f ( x , y ) =e x

    f x =e x y ( 2 xy ) ; f xx =e x y ( 2 y )+2 xy ( e x y 2 xy ) ;
    f xy =e

    x y

    ( 2 x ) +2 xy ( e x y x 2 )

    f y =e x y ( x 2 ) ; f yy=x 2 e x y x 2 ; f yx=2 x . e x y + x 2 e x y ( 2 xy )

    Some surfaces with relative maxima,


    elative minima and a saddle point.
    > f:=(x,y)->x^2 + y^2 ;
    > plot3d(f(x,y),x=-90..90,y=-90..90);

    > f:=(x,y)->12*x-x^3-4*y^2;
    > plot3d(f(x,y),x=-90..90,y=-90..90);

    > f:=(x,y)->-x^2 + y^2 ;


    > plot3d(f(x,y),x=-90..90,y=-90..90);

    >

    Critical points
    A point (a,b) in the domain of f(x,y) for
    which the partial derivatives

    f x f y

    both

    exist is called a critical point of f if both


    f x =0f y =0.

    If the first order partial derivatives of f


    exist at all points then relative extrema
    can only occur at critical points.

    The Second Partial Test

    Let f(x,y) be a function of x and y whose


    partial derivatives f , f , f , f f all exist and let D(x,y)
    be the function
    x

    xx

    yy

    xy

    D=f xx f yy f 2xy

    1.

    Fins all critical points of f(x,y) such that

    f x =0f y =0

    2.
    3.
    i)

    Find D for each critical point found.


    If D > 0, find f at the critical point .
    xx

    If D>0f xx > 0

    f has a relative minimum at ( a , b )

    ii)

    If D>0f xx < 0
    f has a relative maximum at (a , b)

    iii)

    If D<0 there is a saddle point at( a ,b)

    If D = 0, the test is inconclusive and f may


    have either a relative extremum or a
    saddle point at (a,b).
    Find all critical points of

    f ( x , y ) =x + y

    maxima, relative minima or neither.


    Solution:

    and classify each as a relative

    Here f x =2 xf y =2 y
    f x =0 implies 2 x=0f y =0 implies 2 y =0 sp critical point is ( 0,0 )
    f xx =2, f yy =2, f xy =0 so
    2

    Dxx =f xx f yy f xy=4> 0
    f xx =2 at thecritical poiunt so
    Since

    If D>0f xx > 0 f has arelative minimum at ( 0,0 )

    3
    2
    2. Find all critical points of f ( x , y ) =12 xx 4 y classify each

    as a relative maximum, relative minimum or a saddle point.


    f x =123 x 2f y =8 y

    Solving 8 y =0 implies y=0


    Solving 123 x 2=0implies x=2,2

    The critical points are


    ( 2,0 )(2,0 )
    f xx =6 x , f yy =8f xy =0
    D xx =f xx f yy f 2xy=48 x

    At (2,0) , D = 48x = 96>0 and f xx =6 x=12<0 so f has a


    maximum point at (2,0).
    At(-2,0) D = 48x <0 so f has a saddle point.
    Ex: A store sells two brands of juice. Local brand costs 30
    cents per can and a foreign brand costs 40 cents per can.

    The grocer estimates that if the local brand sells for x cents
    per can and the foreign brand for y cents per can then
    approx. 70-5x+4y cans of the local brand will be sold and
    80+6x-7y cans of the foreign brand will be sold each day.
    How should the grocer price each brand to maximize profits.
    Total profit =
    profit from sale of local brand +
    profit from sale of foreign brand
    f ( x , y ) =( 705 x +4 y )( x30 ) + ( 80+ 6 x7 y ) ( y40)
    f x =5 ( x30 ) + ( 705 x +4 y )( 1 ) +6( y40)
    f y = 4(x-30)+-7(y-40)+(80+6x-7y)(1)
    f x =10 x+10 y20f y =10 x14 y +240

    On solving x = 53 and y = 55
    f xx =10, f yy =14f xy =10
    2

    D=10 (14 )10 >0f x =10<0 so f(x,y) is a maximum at x = 53,

    y = 55.

    Price of local brand =53 cents

    Price of foreign brand = 55 cents


    3
    3
    Examine f ( x , y ) =x + y xy

    for relative maximaminima by usingthe second derivative test .

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