1 RMR PDF
1 RMR PDF
1 RMR PDF
( Reaffirmed 2003 )
QUANTITATIVE CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEMS OF ROCK MASS - GUIDELINES
PART 1
ICS
93.020
e-j131s
199x
Rock Mechanics
Sectional Committee,
CED 48
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 1) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
Quantitative classification
characteristics of different
quantitative data for designs
have become very popular
by the
Rigorous
approaches of designs based on various parameters could lead to uncertain results because of
uncertainities in obtaining the correct value of input parameters at a given site of tunnelling.
Rock mass
classifications
which do not involve uncertain
parameters
are following
the philosophy of reducing
uncertainities.
Part 2 of this standard presents Quantitative Classification System, and Part 3 offers details of
Slope Mass Rating.
Technical
Committee
responsible
In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or
calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical
values (revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that
of the specified value in this standard.
Indian Standard
QUANTITATIVE CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEMS OF ROCK MASS - GUIDELINES
PART 1 ROCK MASS RATING (RAW) FOR PREDICTING
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES
1 SCOPE
3.1 Collection
This
standard (Part 1) covers the procedure for
determining
the class of rock mass based
on
geomechanics
classification
system which is also
called the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system, The
classification
can be used for estimating the
unsupported span, the stand-up time or bridge action
period and the support pressures of an underground
opening. It can also be used for selecting a method of
excavation and permanent support system. Further,
cohesion, angle
of internal friction and elastic
modulus of the rock mass can be estimated. In its
modified form RA4R can also be used for predicting the
ground conditions for tunnelling.
Various geological
and other parameters given
in 3.1.1 to 3.1.6 should be collected and recorded in
data sheet shown in Annex B.
It is emphasized
that recommended
correlations
should be used for feasibility studies and preliminary
designs only. In-situ tests are essential for final design
of important structures.
2 REFERENCES
The Indian Standards given in Annex A contain
provisions
which through reference in this text,
constitute provision of this standard. At the time of
publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
editions of the standard indicated.
of Field Data
(RQD)
Rock
quality
designation
(RQD)
should
be
determined
as specified in IS 11315 (Part 11). The
details of rating are given in Annex B (Item II).
Where the rock cores are not available, RQD can be
determined with the help of following formula:
RQD
=
=
115 - 3.3 J
lOOfor& c4.5
where
J, = number of joints per metre cube.
Minimum value of RQD is taken as 10 even if it is zero.
3 PROCEDURE
To apply the geomechanics classification system, a
given site should be divided into a number of
geological structural units in such a way that each
type of rock mass present in the area is covered. The
following geological parameters are determined for
each structural unit:
a) Uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock
material (IS 8764),
b) Rock quality designation [IS 11315 (Part 1 l)],
c) Spacing of discontinuities [IS 11315 (Part 2)],
d) Condition of discontinuities [IS 11315 (Part 4)],
e) Ground watercondition.[IS
11315 (Part 8)], and
f) Orientation
of
discontinuities
[IS 113 15
(Part l)].
___
--...-..--,
__
D-~~
follows:
RCR = 8 I,, (Q.SRF)+30
_-_-
Orientation
of Discontinuities
4.5 Separate
orientation of
orientation of
joint set (Item
MASS
The influence
of the strike and the dip of the
discontinuities
is considered
with respect to the
orientation of tunnel axis or slope face or foundation
alignment. To facilitate the decision whether the strike
and dip are favourable or not, reference should be
made to Annex C, Tables Cl and C2 which give
assessment of joint favourability for tunnels and dams
foundations
respectively.
Once favourability
of
critical
discontinuity
is known, adjustment
for
orientation of discontinuities is applied as per Item VII,
Annex B in earlier obtained basic rock mass rating to
obtain RMR.
OF ROCK
= (RQDIJn)(JrlJa)Jw
Orientation
of discontinuities
means the strike and
dip of discontinuities.
The strike should be recorded
with reference to magnetic north. The dip angle is
the
angle
between the horizontal
and the
discontinuity plane taken in a direction in which the
plane dips. The value of the dip and the strike should
be recorded as shown in Annex B (Item VI) for each
joint set of particular importance that are unfavourable
to the structure. In addition the orientation of tunnel
axis or slope face or foundation alignment should also
be recorded.
4 ESTIMATION
(RMR)
N = QSRF
PROPERTIES.
OF ROCK
RATING
51.2
determining
= 2xRMR-100,inGPa
= 1O(RMR-tO)min GPa (for all values of
RMR)
These correlations
= 0.3~a10(R~R-20)n*, in GPa
Oif 0<
7)
where
= E,.MRF
The correlation
A(o+
%I
= A(o,, +
= Oif o,<O
where
= olqc
qc
uqc
A, T, B are constants.
In case of underground
openings, the increase in
strength occurs due to limited freedom of fracture
propagation in openings than that in block shear
test. Another reason for strength enhancement is that
the in-situ stress along the axis of tunnels and caverns
prestresses rock wedges both in roof and walls. The
mobilised uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass
may be estimated from the following correlations for
tunnels and caverns:
5.1.4 Allowable
Bearing Pressure
3.
100-81
Average stand-uptime
80-61
60-41
II
111
Very good
IOyears
for i5 m span
Good
6 months
for 8 m span
Fair
for 5 m span
40-21
IV
Poor
I week
4.
~4
3-4
2-3
IOh
for 2.5 m span
1-2
5
_
>45
35-45
25-35
15-25
rock mass)
) Values are applicable
<20
V
Very poor
30 min for
I m span
Cl
15
2Orl
p VERY
10
10
STAND
-UP
TIME,
10
10
10
HOURS
08
0
x
I
KOTLIEL
DAM
TEHRI
DAM
CASE HISTORIES
0.6
ffBZLIlo
20
RMR-
5.1.8 Prediction
y = unit weight of rock mass in g/cc,
= rock
Pm
mass
[IS 13365
quality
2)19
Sl NV.
i) Self-supporting
ii) Non-squeezing
The
short-term
support pressures
for arched
underground
openings
in both
squeezing
and
non-squeezing
ground conditions may be estimated
from the following empirical correlation in the case of
tunnelling by conventional
blasting method using
steel rib supports:
Proof =
450 #33
80-
70 -
(1)
( 2)
E = 2RMR
(3)
E =lO
squeezing
B4
&f&&e
and 1 000 @I
6 PRECAUTIOFJS
23.4 f18 @.
@t
where
B
27s No.33t?
v) Highsqueezing
90s
Correlations
GlWnd
Condition
of Tunnelling Conditions
-100
E = 10(RMR-O)/~o
TO 40 LOG,,,Q
60
50 t
CA SE
+
HISTORIES:
BIENIAWSKI
ERAFIM
EREIRA
I/&
1978 (11
AND
1983(2)
GE~MECHANIC~
ROCK
MASS
RATING (RMR)
FIG. 3 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE IN-SITU MODULUS OF DEFORMATION AND THE GEOMEXHA&ICS
CLASSIFICATION [ROCK MASS RATING (RMR)] FOR HARD ROCKS (1GPa = 10 000 kg/cm)
5
Table 2 Recommended
q, = 2,0n=
4c
S = degree of saturation
= 1, for completely
O;oin
4c
kg/cm2;z=
Oiftsc
saturated
Rock Type
Quality
rock mass
Limestone
Sandstone, Quartzite
Trap, Metabasic
Q=10-40
T(rnC)
=2.60 (0 + 1.25).662
qnmc)=2.50 (a + 0.80).646
[S,=O.20]
?@a,)=1.50 (a + o.75).646
[S=l]
~cnmc,
=2.65( cs+O.75)0a5
[Sav=0.40]
r(sat)=1.75( cbO.70) o.655
[S=l]
~cn,,,c>
, =2.85 (a + 0.70).672
[Sav=0.25]
r(m)= 2.00 ((J+ 0 .65).672
[S=l]
T((nmc)=3.00 (a + 0.65).676
[Sav=O.151
r((sat)= 2.25(a+
o.50)676
[S=l]
1.20).662
ROCK
MASS
NUMBER
N = Q.SRF
MODERATE
SELF SUPPORTING
NON-SQUEEZING
HIGH
MILD SQUEEZING
ROCK
SQUEEZING
SQUEEZING
BURST
ANNEX
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED
IS No.
8764 : 1978
9143:
1979
9221 : 1979
11315
(Part 1) : 1987
INDIAN
STANDARDS
IS No.
Title
Method of determination
of point
load strength index of rocks
Method for the determination
of
unconfined compressive strength of
rock materials
Title
(Part 2) : 1987
Spacing
(Part 3) : 1987
Persistence
(Part 8) : 1987
Seepage
1987
13365
(Part 2) : 1992
Method
for
the
quantitative
description
of discontinuities
in
rock mass :
Orientation
ANNEX B
( Clauses 3.1,4.1 and 5.1.5 )
DATA SHEET FOR GEOMECHANICAL
CLASSIFICATION
(MPa)
Comuressive Strength
Point Load Strength
>250
>8
loo-250
4-8
50-100
2-4
25-50
l-2
Use of uniaxial compressive
1O-25
2-10
strength is preferred
<2
Exceptionally strong
Very strong
Strong
Average
Weak
Very weak
Extremely weak
II ROCK QUALITY
DESIGNATION
90-100
75- 90
50-75
25-50
~25
Rating
20
17
13
8
3
Spacing, m
>2
0.6-2
0.2-0.6
0.06-0.2
< 0.06
Rating
20
15
10
8
5
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Very poor
SPACING OF DISCONTINUITIES
Very wide
Wide
Moderate
Close
Very close
NOTE - If more than one set of discontinuity
lowest rating.
IV CONDITION
30
V GROUND
OF DISCONTINUITIES
Rating
Rating
15
12
7
4
2
1
0
(RQD)
RQD
III
25
WATER
Slickensided wall
rock surface or l-5
mm thick gauge or
l-5 mm wide opening, continuous
discontinuity
5 mm thick
soft gauge
5 mm wide
continuous
discontinuity
0
10
CONDITION
none
<lO
lo-25
25-125
>125
o-o. 1
0.1-0.2
0.2-0.5
>0.5
Completely
Damp
Wet
Dripping
Flowing
10
dry
Rating
VI
ORIENTATION
15
OF DISCONTINUITIJZS
Orientation of tunnel/slope/foundation
axis .. .... .. . ...
Set- 1
Average strike . .... ... . .... ... . ...(from .... .... ..to . .... .....)
Average strike . .... .... .... .... ...(from .... .... ..to . .... .....)
Set-2
Average strike... .. .... .... .... ...(from .... .... ..to . .... .....)
Set-3
8
(see Annex C)
Favourable
VeJY
Favourable
0
-2
0
-2
Use slope mass rating (SMR)
(InFavourable
-5
-10
-7
-1.5
as per IS 13365 (Part 3)
Fair
VW
hfavourable
-12
-35
ANNEX C
(Clause 3.1.6)
ASSESSMENT
OF JOINT FAVOURABILITY
I
Dip 20-45
/
Dip 45-90
Very favourable
Fair
Fair
Unfavourable
Table C2 Assessment
* O-10
0.
Dip 20-45
Dip 20-45
Dip 45-90
Favourable
.
Dip 45-90
Dip O- 20
Very unfavourable
Fair
for
10~30
/
Dip Direction
A
Upstream
Very
Irrespective
of Strike
Strike Parallel
to Tunnel Axis
to Tunnel Axis
Unfavourable
Downstream
Fair
Favourable
favourable
Very unfavourable
ANNEX
( Foreword )
COMMITEE
Rock Mechanics
Chuirmun
PROF BHAWANI SINGH
Members
ASSISTANT RESEARCHOFFICER
DR R. L. CHAUHAN
CHIEF ENGINEER(R & D)
DIRECTOR(ENGC) (Alfernafe)
SHRI DADESHWARGANGADHARDHAYAGUDE
COMPOSITION
Sectional Committee,
CED 48
Representing
Board, Shimla
and Constructions
Ltd. Mumbai
DIRECTOR
SHRI KARMVIR
DIRECTOR
SHRI B. M. RAMA GOWDA (Alternute)
ENGGMANAGER
DR R. P. KULKARNI
MEMBER SECRETARY
DIRECTOR(C) (Alternate)
SHRI D. N. NARESH
SHRI M. D. NAIR
SHRI B. K. SAIGAL (Alfernate)
SHRI D. M. PANCHOLI
DR U. D. DATIR
SCIENTIST-IN-CHARGE
PROFT. RAMAMURTHY
DR G. V. RAO (Alternute)
SHRI S. D. BHARATHA
Kamataka
Engineering
SHRI RANJODHSINGH
DR P. K. JAIN
University
Karnataka
Shimla
ofRoorkee,Roorkee
DR M. N. VILADKAR (Alfernufe)
DIRECTOR& SECRETARY
DR V. K. SINHA
SHRI U. S. RAIVANSHI
DR J. L. JETHWA
DR V. M. SHARMA
DR V. V. S. RAO
UP)
Secretury
SHRI W. R. PAUL
Joint Director (Civ Engg), BIS
( Continued
10
on page 11 )
Subcommittee,
CED 48: 1
Convener
SHRIU. S. RAWANSHI
KC-38,
Kavinagar,Ghaziabad, UP
Representing
Irrigation Department, Hnryana
Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee
Members
SHR~VrrrAL RAM
DR G. S. MEHROTRA
SHRIU. N. SINHA (Alternute)
DIRECTOR
CHIEFENGINEERING-CUM-DIRECTOR
RESEARCHOFFICER(Alternate)
GENERALMANAGER (DESIGN)
DR GOPAL DHAWAN (Alternate)
SHRI D. M. PANCHOLI
DR U. D. DATIR
DR G. V. RAO
DR K. K. GUFTA (Alternate)
DR R. B. SINGH
DR P. K. JAIN
DR ANBALAGAN (Alternate)
RESEARCHOFFICER(SR & P DIVISION)
CHIEFENGINEER(DAM DESIGN)
Assrr ENGINEER(IRI) (Alternate)
REPRESENTATIVE
DR A. K. DUBE
DR V. M. SHARMA
CED 48 : l/P1
Members
DR R. K. GOEL
PROFBHAWANI SINGH
Ltd, Faridabad
11
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