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    History of Canada

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    JorgeGB
    Aboriginal peoples lived across Canada in various communities, with ways of life tied to the land and environment. When Europeans arrived, they established fur trade relations but also brought diseases that devastated indigenous populations. Early European settlers included Vikings around 1000 AD and later French colonists beginning in 1604. France established the colony of New France, allying with some First Nations but battling others like the Iroquois. After France lost New France to Britain, the British passed acts like the Quebec Act to accommodate French language and culture in the predominantly French territory. In the late 1700s, American revolutionaries prompted many United Empire Loyalists to flee to Canada, increasing its English-speaking population. Armed rebellions in 1837

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    History of Canada

    Uploaded by

    JorgeGB
    54 views2 pages
    Aboriginal peoples lived across Canada in various communities, with ways of life tied to the land and environment. When Europeans arrived, they established fur trade relations but also brought diseases that devastated indigenous populations. Early European settlers included Vikings around 1000 AD and later French colonists beginning in 1604. France established the colony of New France, allying with some First Nations but battling others like the Iroquois. After France lost New France to Britain, the British passed acts like the Quebec Act to accommodate French language and culture in the predominantly French territory. In the late 1700s, American revolutionaries prompted many United Empire Loyalists to flee to Canada, increasing its English-speaking population. Armed rebellions in 1837

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    Brief history of Canada, by Jorge García Bravo

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    Aboriginal peoples lived across Canada in various communities, with ways of life tied to the land and environment. When Europeans arrived, they established fur trade relations but also brought diseases that devastated indigenous populations. Early European settlers included Vikings around 1000 AD and later French colonists beginning in 1604. France established the colony of New France, allying with some First Nations but battling others like the Iroquois. After France lost New France to Britain, the British passed acts like the Quebec Act to accommodate French language and culture in the predominantly French territory. In the late 1700s, American revolutionaries prompted many United Empire Loyalists to flee to Canada, increasing its English-speaking population. Armed rebellions in 1837

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    54 views2 pages

    History of Canada

    Uploaded by

    JorgeGB
    Aboriginal peoples lived across Canada in various communities, with ways of life tied to the land and environment. When Europeans arrived, they established fur trade relations but also brought diseases that devastated indigenous populations. Early European settlers included Vikings around 1000 AD and later French colonists beginning in 1604. France established the colony of New France, allying with some First Nations but battling others like the Iroquois. After France lost New France to Britain, the British passed acts like the Quebec Act to accommodate French language and culture in the predominantly French territory. In the late 1700s, American revolutionaries prompted many United Empire Loyalists to flee to Canada, increasing its English-speaking population. Armed rebellions in 1837

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    HISTORY OF CANADA

    Aboriginal Peoples
    When Europeans explored Canada they found all regions occupied by native
    peoples they called Indians, because the first explorers thought they had
    reached the East Indies. The native people lived off the land, some by
    hunting and gathering, others by raising crops. The Huron-Wendat of the
    Great Lakes region, like the Iroquois, were farmers and hunters. The Cree
    and Dene of the Northwest were hunter-gatherers. The Sioux were nomadic,
    following the bison (buffalo) herd. The Inuit lived off Arctic wildlife. West
    Coast natives preserved fish by drying and smoking. Warfare was common
    among Aboriginal groups as they competed for land, resources and prestige.
    The arrival of European traders, missionaries, soldiers and colonists changed
    the native way of life forever. Large numbers of Aboriginals died of European
    diseases to which they lacked immunity. However, Aboriginals and
    Europeans formed strong economic, religious and military bonds in the first
    200 years of coexistence which laid the foundations of Canada.
    The First Europeans
    The Vikings from Iceland who colonized Greenland 1,000 years ago also
    reached Labrador and the island of Newfoundland. The remains of their
    settlement, lAnse aux Meadows, are a World Heritage site.
    European exploration began in earnest in 1497 with the expedition of John
    Cabot, who was the first to draw a map of Canadas East Coast.
    Royal New France
    In 1604, the first European settlement north of Florida was established by
    French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain, first on St. Croix
    Island (in present-day Maine), then at Port-Royal, in Acadia (present-day
    Nova Scotia). In 1608 Champlain built a fortress at what is now Qubec City.
    The colonists struggled against a harsh climate. Champlain allied the colony
    with the Algonquin, Montagnais, and Huron, historic enemies of the Iroquois,
    a confederation of five (later six) First Nations who battled with the French
    settlements for a century. The French and the Iroquois made peace in 1701.
    A Tradition of Accommodation
    To better govern the French Roman Catholic majority, the British Parliament
    passed the Quebec Act of 1774. One of the constitutional foundations of
    Canada, the Quebec Act accommodated the principles of British institutions
    to the reality of the province. It allowed religious freedom for Catholics and
    permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed in Britain.

    The Quebec Act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal
    law.
    United Empire Loyalists
    In 1776, the 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec declared
    independence and formed the United States. North America was again
    divided by war. More than 40,000 people loyal to the Crown, called
    Loyalists, fled the oppression of the American Revolution to settle in Nova
    Scotia and Quebec. Joseph Brant led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians
    into Canada. The Loyalists came from Dutch, German, British, Scandinavian,
    Aboriginal and other origins and from Presbyterian, Anglican, Baptist,
    Methodist, Jewish, Quaker, and Catholic religious backgrounds. About 3,000
    black Loyalists, freedmen and slaves, came north seeking a better life. In
    turn, in 1792, some black Nova Scotians, who were given poor land, moved
    on to establish Freetown, Sierra Leone (West Africa), a new British colony for
    freed slaves.
    Rebellions of 183738
    In the 1830s, reformers in Upper and Lower Canada believed that progress
    toward full democracy was too slow. Some believed Canada should adopt
    American republican values or even try to join the United States. When
    armed rebellions occurred in 183738 in the area outside Montreal and in
    Toronto, the rebels did not have enough public support to succeed. They
    were defeated by British troops and Canadian volunteers. A number of
    rebels were hanged or exiled; some exiles later returned to Canada.
    Lord Durham, an English reformer sent to report on the rebellions,
    recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given
    responsible government. This meant that the ministers of the Crown must
    have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to
    govern. Controversially, Lord Durham also said that the quickest way for the
    Canadiens to achieve progress was to assimilate into English-speaking
    Protestant culture. This recommendation demonstrated a complete lack of
    understanding of French Canadians, who sought to uphold the distinct
    identity of French Canada.
    Some reformers, including Sir tienne-Paschal Tach and Sir George-tienne
    Cartier, later became Fathers of Confederation, as did a former member of
    the voluntary government militia in Upper Canada, Sir John A. Macdonald.
    JORGE GARCA BRAVO

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