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    91603-Plant Animal Reposnse Exam 2015

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    91603-Plant Animal Reposnse Exam 2015

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    91603-plant animal reposnse exam 2015

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    55 views12 pages

    91603-Plant Animal Reposnse Exam 2015

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    91603

    916030

    SUPERVISORS USE ONLY

    Level 3 Biology, 2015


    91603 Demonstrate understanding of the responses of
    plants and animals to their external environment
    2.00 p.m. Monday 23 November 2015
    Credits: Five
    Achievement

    Achievement with Merit

    Demonstrate understanding of the


    responses of plants and animals to their
    external environment.

    Demonstrate in-depth understanding of


    the responses of plants and animals to
    their external environment.

    Achievement with Excellence


    Demonstrate comprehensive
    understanding of the responses of
    plants and animals to their external
    environment.

    Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
    top of this page.
    You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
    If you need more room for any answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet and
    clearly number the question.
    Check that this booklet has pages 212 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
    YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

    TOTAL
    ASSESSORS USE ONLY

    New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2015. All rights reserved.


    No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

    QUESTION ONE

    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    Some animals display innate behaviours.


    As green bottle fly maggots (Phaenicia sericata) crawl,
    they turn their heads, comparing the light intensity from
    each side. They always turn towards the darker side,
    taking them away from light.

    Maggot response to light stimulus.

    A piece of meat in water causes a chemical gradient.


    Flatworms, such as Planaria torva, move along a
    straight path until they detect an increase in chemical
    concentration. The flatworms increase their rate of turning
    in the area until they touch the meat and start feeding.
    Compare these responses, the adaptive advantages gained
    for the animals that display them, and how these animals
    come to have them.
    In your answer:

    identify the full term given for both responses, and


    define these terms

    using the information above, justify the types of


    orientation you have described, and explain how
    they operate in both the maggots and the flatworm

    compare the adaptive advantages these animals gain


    by displaying these behaviours.

    Biology 91603, 2015

    Flatworm response to chemical stimulus.

    3
    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    There is more space for your


    answer to this question on the
    following page.
    Biology 91603, 2015

    4
    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    Biology 91603, 2015

    QUESTION TWO

    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    Cape Kidnappers on the coast of Hawkes Bay is an exposed headland, which hosts the largest
    mainland gannet (Morus serrator) colony in New Zealand, with around 6500 breeding pairs
    arriving in early August each year. The birds remain until the young fledglings are mature enough to
    leave, and then return to Australia in March the following year.
    Gannets usually have the same mate over many breeding seasons and re-establish their relationship
    at the beginning of each breeding season. During the breeding season, the area is densely occupied
    by the gannets which actively defend their nesting sites.
    Females lay a single pale blue egg, the size of a large hens egg, any time from mid-September
    till mid-December. It is laid in a nest prepared from dried seaweed, cemented with guano (bird
    droppings), and incubated by each parent in turn. After 43 days, a blind, naked chick hatches, and is
    fed and cared for by both parents.

    Napier
    Cape Kidnappers

    For copyright reasons,


    this resource cannot be
    reproduced here.

    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/
    Gannet_colony_cape_kidnappers.jpg

    Evaluate the behaviours the gannet displays, using the given information above.
    In your answer:

    identify and describe THREE behaviours displayed by the gannets

    explain the costs and benefits of the behaviours you have identified

    discuss how the combination of behaviours provides adaptive value to the gannets.

    There is more space for your


    answer to this question on the
    following page.
    Biology 91603, 2015

    6
    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    Biology 91603, 2015

    7
    ASSESSORS
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    Biology 91603, 2015

    QUESTION THREE
    Mutualistic relationships exist between New Zealands native birds and trees, but introduced mammalian
    predators can affect this.
    Maungatautari in the Waikato is a large area of forest where mammalian predators have been eradicated
    and a perimeter fence has been built to keep it predator free. The area has been used to study the effect of
    predator removal on the ability of birds to successfully pollinate species of native plants.
    The New Zealand fuchsia, (ktukutuku) Fuchsia excorticata, was used as an indicator species, and
    comparisons were made with nearby Pirongia Forest Park, where mammalian predators are present.
    Fuchsia excorticata trees have one of two flower types:

    female flowers which need pollination

    hermaphrodites (male and female) which can self-pollinate.
    Successful pollination results in formation of fruit.
    Some results from the study are summarised below.
    Visitation rates of pollinating birds to
    Fuchsia excorticata flowers

    Pollen scores of female and hermaphrodite


    Fuchsia excorticata

    For copyright reasons,


    this resource cannot be
    reproduced here.

    (Mean seconds of bird activity per 100 flowers per


    hour)
    Adapted from Iles J.M. & Kelly D. School of Biological
    Sciences, Canterbury. Published online 9April 2014.

    A pollen score index of at least 1.5 (dashed line)


    indicates a good pollination score, based on the
    relationship between pollen load and formation of
    fruit.
    Adapted from Iles J.M. & Kelly D. School of Biological
    Sciences, Canterbury. Published online 9 April 2014.

    Discuss the ecological relationships between the fuchsia trees, the bird species, and the presence or lack
    of mammals within the two forests, using the information given above to support your discussion.
    In your answer:

    define the terms mutualism, predation, and interspecific competition

    explain the importance of pollination for both the fuchsia and the native birds

    use the data to compare, with reasons, the outcomes for Fuchsia excorticata and the key native bird
    species involved at the two sites.

    Biology 91603, 2015

    9
    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    There is more space for your


    answer to this question on the
    following page.
    Biology 91603, 2015

    10
    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    Biology 91603, 2015

    11

    QUESTION
    NUMBER

    Extra paper if required.


    Write the question number(s) if applicable.

    Biology 91603, 2015

    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

    12

    91603

    QUESTION
    NUMBER

    Extra paper if required.


    Write the question number(s) if applicable.

    Biology 91603, 2015

    ASSESSORS
    USE ONLY

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