1 Roger White Presentation
1 Roger White Presentation
1 Roger White Presentation
System Design
Railway Electrification
Infrastructure School
07 June 39
June 2013
Dr Roger D White
DC System Voltage
160, 180, 500, 525, 550, 600,630, 650, 750,
800, 825, 850, 860, 900, 1000,1200, 1350,
1500, 2400, 3000, 3500, 6000DC
Three Phase
725 V [Gornergratbahn] , 1125
[Jungfraubahn],
3600V 16 2/3 Hz three-phase [1912-1976]
Gornergratbahn Switzerland
AC UK Network
Current Network
25kV AC electrified track 8800
single track kms
AC feeder stations 73
40% of the UK Network
Under Consideration
Cardiff Valleys
Midland Mainline
Transpennine (West&East)
Walsall Rugeley
Paisley Canal
Gospel Oak to Barking
ECML PSU
NW Electrification 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
UK Regulations
ROGS
Health and Safety
Electricity at Work
CDM
Factories Act
EU Directive
Low voltage
EMC
Machinery
PPE
RTTE
Medical implants
Physical Agents
25 kV Sub Station
Equipment Connected at the Supply Point
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
132kV
Busbar Reserve
Banked Utility
33kV Busbar
132/33k
V
132/33kV
Isolator
Switching
Isolator
132/25kV
132/25k
V
25kV Railway
Supply
System Characteristics
Fault level to 6 kA
single pole
neutral earthed/connected rail
Autotransformer 25-0-25kV
(Picture feeder station Leighton Buzzard)
System Characteristics
Fault level to 6/8/10/12/15 kA
single pole
neutral earthed/connected rail
Auto transformers
Rated at 10MVA
Every 5km - 10km
Classic 6kA
AT Operation 6, 8 or 10 kA
10
11
12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
13
Lightning protection,
14
European Standard
BS EN 50122 part 1
BS EN 50122-part 3
15
16
14 electrocutions
41 major electrical injuries suffered by members of the
public in contact with AC electrification.
46 cases involved misadventure such as
using long objects to touch the OLE
climbing of structures;
6 involved cable theft or other serious crime;
3 were deliberate suicide attempts.
17
18
19
20
21
Earth Wire
Telecoms PSU
Telecoms.
Cable
400kV Grid
Tower
25kV
Track circuit
NGC
Substation
Track Structures
SignallingPSU
Local
RECS
Tunnel
Structures
Station
Apparatus
Metal Fences
Rebars
Copper
Earth Mat
Tunnel
Structure
Station
Metallic
Structures
R D White 2004
22
23
24
25 kV Modelling Schematic
25
26
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
27
Rail Return
Rail return NR- Euston, Northampton]
Rail return with earth wires [NR-LTS]
Rail return; earth wires; additional
earth mats [ KCRC West Rail]
Rail return; return conductors
Design Arrangement
Additional return conductors
One booster required for each
track
Boosters at 3.2 km intervals
Mid Point Connectors
Reduction of induction
interference
Telecommunications
Control and System
29
30
31
Displacement Factor
Distortion factor
Balancer CTRL
34
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
50
150
250
350
450
550
650
750
850
950
1050
Harmonic Number
Class 86
Class 87
Class 90
Class 91
Class 92
Class 390
Square wave
35
Resonance
Series
Parallel
Disturbances
Overvoltages on the OLE
Track circuits
Reduction
Filters fitted to traction unit
Filters fitted to
electrification
36
37
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
38
Regeneration
40
Design Arrangement
Series compensation
25 kV 50 Hz single phase
Circuit breaker
Shunt compensation
Saturable reactor
System Performance
Air core
main reactor (1/2)
Thyristor
valve
Air core
main reactor (1/2)
Ground
Measuring system
(including dc component)
41
x 10
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
12.5
13
13.5
Time [h]
14
14.5
42
43
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
44
45
46
47
Mid-Point Sectioning
48
Intermediate Sectioning
49
Feeder Station
2x18MVA
Intermediate
Track Sectioning Cabin
Mid Point
Track Sectioning Cabin
Intermediate
Track Sectioning
Cabin
Feeder Station
1x18MVA
132/25kV Transformer
Circuit Breaker Normally Open
Circuit Breaker Normally Closed
Neutral Section
50
Feeder Station
2x18MVA
Intermediate
Track Sectioning Cabin
Mid Point
Track Sectioning Cabin
Intermediate
Track Sectioning
Cabin
Feeder Station
1x18MVA
132/25kV Transformer
Circuit Breaker Normally Open
Circuit Breaker Normally Closed
Neutral Section
51
Feeder Station
2x18MVA
Intermediate
Track Sectioning Cabin
Mid Point
Track Sectioning Cabin
Intermediate
Track Sectioning
Cabin
Feeder Station
1x18MVA
132/25kV Transformer
Circuit Breaker Normally Open
Circuit Breaker Normally Closed
Neutral Section
Section Overlap
52
Comparison of fault current profiles of existing and enhanced classic system normal feeding
arrangement , WCML Euston to Crewe via LBW (Weedon)
Existing system
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
53
25 kV Autotransformer Railway
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
54
Design Features
Standard 25kV traction equipment.
Distribution at 50kV
Transformer Design
Two Winding secondary
Centre tap earthed
Rails connected to neutral
55
56
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Other factors
System
Feed Length
MW
Supplied
Grid
Transformer
% Loss
Rail Return
Rail Return
Classic ( BT plus
RCs) BTs at
3.2km
9.6km
19.8km
19.8km
7,325
14,809
15,021
0.395%
0.769%
0.791%
29,387
ATs or BTs
% Loss
Con/Cat Wire
%loss
AT feeder
Rails %loss
Wire OR RC
%loss
0.17%
0.43%
1.45%
1.50%
2.13%
0.14%
0.47%
0.04%
0.119%
0.01%
1.37%
1.12%
0.05%
29,401
0.119%
0.02%
1.41%
1.11%
0.06%
29,411
0.119%
0.02%
1.44%
1.10%
0.07%
29,428
0.120%
0.03%
1.49%
1.08%
0.09%
29,468
0.121%
0.04%
1.62%
1.05%
0.14%
59
System
Feeding
length
Losses
MW)
%Losses
Equivalent
Losses(MW)
Rail Return
Rail Return
Classic ( BT
plus RCs)BTs
at 3.2km
9.6km
19.6km
19.6km
70.33
398.29
695.06
0.960% 38.6km
2.689% 38.6km
4.627% 38.6km
281.31
796.59
1390.13
Auto Transformer
ATs 5km
38.6km
784.47
2.669% 38.6km
784.47
Auto
Transformer
ATs 7.8km
38.6km
799.44
2.719% 38.6km
799.44
Auto
Transformer
ATs 10km
38.6km
810.84
2.757% 38.6km
810.84
Auto
Transformer
ATs 12km
38.6km
828.89
2.817% 38.6km
828.89
Auto Transformer
ATs 19km
38.6km
876.43
2.974% 38.6km
876.43
38.6km
60
61
Induced Voltages
62
63
Victim Cable
Dependencies
64
65
Limits
45
30
15
0
0
0.96 1.92 2.88 3.84
4.8
5.76 6.72
CABLE DISTANCE FROM FEEDER STATION [km]
7.68
8.64
9.6
IN D UCE D T EL E COM S V OL T AG E [ V]
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.96
8.64
9.6
66
67
Rolling Stock
Infrastructure
68
Lightning Protection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Lightning storms
Lightning
Locomotive Specification
Storm Damage
Coupling
Ground Conduction;
Induction (control cables)
71
72
73
74
75
HV Supply
Lightning
25 kV distribution system
Magnetic fields
Neutral sections
Characteristic disturbance
switching, overlap effect
Traction currents
lightning
RFI Disturbances
Traction Unit
Electrification
System Disturbance
Grid Site
Sub Station
Track Side
Feeder
Station
Radiated Emission
Magnetic Field
Hz-GHz
EN 501221-1
Conducted
Emissions
DC to GHz
Radiated Emission
Magnetic Field
Hz-GHz
Conducted
Emissions
DC to GHz
Magnetic Fields
DC to kHz
EN 50121-3 Belise
Control
System
Loops
Coils
Transponder
Level Crossing
TV
Rails
I4
Conducted
Emissions
DC to GHz
Conducted
Emissions
DC to GHz
Induced Emissions
50Hz to kHz
Signalling
EN 50121-4
Auxiliaries
I3
CSR
I2
50Hz - KHz
GSMR
Rails
Radiated Emission
Magnetic Field
Hz-GHz
EN 50121-3
Radiated Emission
Magnetic Field
Hz-GHz
EN 50121-5
Radiated Emission
Magnetic Field
Hz-GHz
EN 61000
EN 50121-4&5
Signalling Cable
Power
Supply
Power
Supply
Conducted
Emissions
50Hz and
Harmonics G5/4
Regional Electricity
Companies and Distribution
Network Operators
Electricity Association
Engineering Recommendation
G5/4
Power
Supply
Conducted
Emissions
50Hz and
Harmonics G5/4
Conducted
Emissions
kHz-GHz
E & M Equipment
Industrial Loads, Domestic Loads, Computers
Computer Data Links
Immunity Limit [EN50121-5]
Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field (801000MHz) = 10V/m
Power Frequency Magnetic Field (50Hz) = 100A/m
[Note IEC 61000 Industrial limit 30A/m]
Power
Supply
Station/Concourse
Lighting, Heating, Shops, Offices, Information
Display, Mobile Phone, V.D.U
Immunity Limit [Industrial limits IEC 61000]
Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field
(80-1000MHz) = 10V/m
Power Frequency Magnetic Field (50Hz) = 30A/m
[Note IEC 61000 Residential Commercial limit 3A/m]
77
AC Railway Electrification
System Design
Railway Electrification
Infrastructure School
June 2013
Dr Roger D White
78