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Easy DNA Extraction from Anything Living

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How To Extract DNA
10 Interesting DNA
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DNA versus RNA
Extraction Chemistry
Water Extraction
10 RNA Facts
How To Make a DNA

Model out of Candy
By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Updated July 19, 2015.
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the

molecule that codes genetic information in
most living organisms. Some bacteria use
RNA for their genetic code, but any other
living organism will work as a DNA source
for this project.
DNA Extraction Materials

While you can use any DNA source, some
work especially well. Peas, such as dried
split green peas, are an excellent choice.
Spinach leaves, strawberries, chicken liver,
and bananas are other options. Don't use
DNA from living people or pets, as a simple
matter of ethics.
When you extract DNA, it doesn't look like this!
DNA is visible to the naked eye as a gelatinous
blob. High magnification is required to see the
molecular structure. Richard New stead, Getty Images
100 ml (1/2 cup) of a DNA source
1 ml ( teaspoon) table salt, NaCl

200 ml (1 cup) cold water
enzymes to denature protein (e.g., meat

tenderizer, fresh pineapple juice, or contact lens cleaning solution)
30 ml (2 tablespoons) liquid dishwashing detergent
70-90% rubbing alcohol or other isopropyl or ethyl alcohol

blender
strainer
cup or bowl
test tubes
straws or wooden skewers
Perform the DNA Extraction

1. Blend together 100 ml of DNA source, 1 ml of salt, and 200 ml of cold water.
This takes about 15 seconds on high setting. You are aiming for a
homogeneous soupy mixture. The blender breaks apart the cells, releasing the
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DNA that is stored inside.

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1. Pour the liquid through a strainer into another container. Your goal is to remove
the large solid particles. Keep the liquid; discard the solids.
2. Add 30 ml liquid detergent to the liquid. Stir or swirl the liquid to mix it. Allow
this solution to react for 5-10 minutes before proceeding to the next step.
3. Add a small pinch of meat tenderizer or a squirt of pineapple juice or contact

lens cleaner solution to each vial or tube. Swirl the contents gently to
incorporate the enzyme. Harsh stirring will break the DNA and make it harder
to see in the container.
4. Tilt each tube and pour alcohol down the side of each glass or plastic to form a
floating layer on top of the liquid. Alcohol is less dense than water, so it will
float on the liquid, but you don't want to pour it into the tubes because then it will
mix. If you examine the interface between the alcohol and each sample, you
should see a white stringy mass. This is the DNA!
5. Use a wooden skewer or a straw to capture and collect the DNA from each
tube. You can examine the DNA using a microscope or magnifying glass or
place it in a small container of alcohol to save it.
How It Works
The first step is to choose a source that contains a lot of DNA. Although you
can use DNA from anywhere, sources high in DNA will yield more product at
the end. The human genome is diploid, meaning it contains two copies of each
DNA molecule. Many plants contain multiple copies of their genetic material.
For example, strawberries are octoploid and contain 8 copies of each
chromosome.
Blending the specimen breaks apart the cells so you can separate the DNA
from other molecules. Salt and detergent act to strip away proteins normally
bound to DNA. The detergent also separates the lipids (fats) from the sample.
The enzymes are used to cut the DNA. Why would you want to cut it? The DNA
is folded and wrapped around proteins, so it needs to be freed before it can
be isolated.
After you have completed these steps, the DNA is separated from other cell
constituents, but you still need to get it out of solution. This is where the alcohol
comes into play. The other molecules in the sample will dissolve in alcohol, but
DNA does not. When you pour alcohol (the colder the better) onto the solution,
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the DNA molecule precipitates so that you can collect it.
Learn More About DNA
10 Interesting DNA Facts

DNA Versus RNA
DNA Facts Quiz
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How to Extract DNA From a Banana
DNA Definition and Structure
Quick Facts about Nucleic Acids
10 Interesting DNA Facts
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Fun, Useful, and Interesting Facts about DNA
$al 76
DNA and RNA
By Anne Marie Helmenstine,

Ph.D.
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
codes for your genetic makeup. There are lots of facts about
DNA, but here are 10 that are
particularly interesting,
important, or fun.
1. Even though it codes for all the
information that makes up an
organism, DNA is built using
only four building blocks, the
nucleotides adenine, guanine,

thymine, and cytosine.
The deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule forms a double helix.
David Fairfield, Getty Images
2. Every human being shares 99%

of their DNA with every other
human.
3. If you put all the DNA molecules in your body end to end, the DNA would reach
from the Earth to the Sun and back over 600 times (100 trillion times six feet
divided by 92 million miles).
4. A parent and child share 99.5% of the same DNA.
5. You have 98% of your DNA in common with a chimpanzee.
6. If you could type 60 words per minute, eight hours a day, it would take
approximately 50 years to type the human genome.
7. DNA is a fragile molecule. About a thousand times a day, something happens
to it to cause errors. This could include errors during transcription, damage
from ultraviolet light, or any of a host of other activities. There are many repair
mechanisms, but some damage isn't repaired. This means you carry
mutations! Some of the mutations cause no harm, a few are helpful, while
others can cause diseases, such as cancer.
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What Are The Seven Wonders Of The World
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1. Scientists at Cambridge University believe humans have DNA in common with

the mud worm and that it is the closest invertebrate genetic relative to us. In
other words, you have more in common, genetically speaking, with a mud
worm than you do with a spider or octopus or cockroach.
2. Humans and cabbage share about 40-50% common DNA.
3. Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA in 1869, although scientists did not
understand DNA was the genetic material in cells until 1943. Prior to that time,
it was widely believe that proteins stored genetic information.
DNA vs RNA
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What Is DNA?
10 Useful RNA Facts
DNA Definition and Structure
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%2C L2 #: 75al 7" J

Easy DNA Extraction from Anything Living

DNA Genome Project

( 4qep a bnki ( kkcha $hkq`

How To Extract DNA

DNA versus RNA

How To Make a DNA

By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the

DNA Extraction Materials

100 ml (1/2 cup) of a DNA source

1 ml ( teaspoon) table salt, NaCl

enzymes to denature protein (e.g., meat

70-90% rubbing alcohol or other isopropyl or ethyl alcohol

straws or wooden skewers

Perform the DNA Extraction

Enter your email

Chemistry Demonstrations, Chemistry Exp

Chemistry Disciplines - Chemical Enginee

Chemistry Homework Help - Online Study

Chemistry of Molecules and Compounds -

Chemistry in Everyday Life - Articles, Hom

DNA that is stored inside.

Test Your General Science Knowledge

3. Add a small pinch of meat tenderizer or a squirt of pineapple juice or contact

Careers and Education

Chemistry Facts and Pictures - Photos an

the DNA molecule precipitates so that you can collect it.

Learn More About DNA

10 Interesting DNA Facts

The Real Reason

Pow ered By ZergNet

&17, 5, 67/1k " J

Fun, Useful, and Interesting Facts about DNA

By Anne Marie Helmenstine,

nucleotides adenine, guanine,

2. Every human being shares 99%

What Are The Seven Wonders Of The World

1. Scientists at Cambridge University believe humans have DNA in common with

Pow ered By ZergNet

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Enter your email

2016 About, Inc. All rights reserved.

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