Tutorium steamPowerPlant

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Tutorial 1
Steam Power Plant
BDA 3043 Thermodynamics II
Winardi Sani
Consider a steam power plant operating on the simple ideal Rankine cycle.
Steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa and 350 o C and condensed in the condenser
at a pressure of 75 kPa.
a) Sketch this cycle in p h diagram.
b) Determine the thermal efficiency of this cycle.
c) Compare your result with the thermal efficiency of the Carnot cycle.
Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Saturated vapor enters the
turbine at 8.0 MPa and saturated liquid exists the condenser at a pressure of
0.008 MPa. The power output delivered by the turbine is at 100 MW. Determine:
a) The thermal efficiency
b) The back work ratio (pump work divided by turbine work)
c) The mass flow rate of the steam in kg/hr
d) The rate of heat transfer, Q into the working fluid as it passes through the
boiler
e) The mass flow rate of the condenser cooling water in kg/hr if cooling water
enters the condenser at 25 o C and exists at 40 o C.
Reconsider the vapor power cycle of the previous question, but include in the
analysis that the turbine and the pump each have an isentropic efficiency of
85%, and 100 MW is the net power output of the cycle. Determine for the modified cycle:
b) The back work ratio (pump work divided by turbine work)
c) The mass flow rate of the steam in kg/hr
d) The rate of heat transfer, Q into the working fluid as it passes through the
boiler
e) The mass flow rate of the condenser cooling water in kg/hr if cooling water
enters the condenser at 25 o C and exists at 40 o C.
f) Discuss the effects on the steam power plant of the irreversibilities within the
turbine and pump.
Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle with superheat and reheat.
Steam enters the first-stage turbine at 8.00 MPa, 480 o C and expands to 0.8 MPa.
It is then reheated to 440 o C before entering the second-stage turbine, where it
expands to the condenser pressure of 10 kPa. The net power output is 100 MW.
Determine:
a) The thermal efficiency of the cycle

b) The mass flow rate of the steam in kg/hr

c) The rate of heat transfer, Q out from the condensing steam as is passes through
the condenser, in MW.
d) Discuss the effects of reheat on the steam power plant
e) Repeat the analysis with including that the turbine and pump each have
the isentropic efficiency of 85%.
Consider a regenerative steam power plant with one open feedwater heater.
Steam enters the turbine at 8.0 MPa, 480 o C and expands to 0.7 MPa, where
some of the steam is extracted and diverted to the open feedwater heater operating at 0.7 MPa.
The remaining steam expands through the second-stage turbine to the condenser pressure of 8 kPa. This portion of the total flow is condensed to saturated
liquid, then pumped to the extraction pressure and introduced into the feedwater heater at 0.7 MPa.
The isentropic efficiency of each turbine is 85% and each pump operates isentropically. If the net power output of the cycle is 100 MW, determine:
a) The thermal efficiency and
b) the mass flow rate of the steam entering the first stage turbine.
A reheat regenerative steam power plant operates with two feedwater heaters,
a closed feedwater heater, and an open feedwater heater. Steam enters the
first turbine at 8.0 MPa and expands to 0.7 MPa. The steam is reheated to 440
o C before entering the second turbine. It expands through the turbine to the
condenser pressure of 8 kPa.
Steam is extracted from the first turbine at 2 MPa and fed to the closed feedwater heater. Feedwater leaves the closed heater at 250 o C and 8 MPa, and
condensate exits as saturated liquid at 2 MPa. The condensate is trapped into
the open feedwater heater. Steam extracted from the second turbine at 0.3
MPa and also fed into the open feedwater heater, which operates at 0.3 MPa.
The stream exiting the open feedwater heater is saturated liquid at 0.3 MPa.
The net power output of the cycle is 100 MW. The working fluid experiences no
irreversibilities as it passes through the turbines, pumps, condenser, and steam
generator. Determine:
b) The mass flow rate of the steam entering the first turbine.
The schematic of a single-flash geothermal power plant with state numbers is

given in Fig 2. Geothermal resource exists as saturated liquid at 230 o C. The
geothermal liquid is withdrawn from the production well at rate of 230 kg/s, and
is flashed to a pressure of 500 kPa by an essentially isenthalpic flashing process
where resulting vapor is separated from the liquid in a separator and directed
to the turbine.
The steam leaves the turbine at 10 kPa with a moisture content of 10 percent
and enters the condenser where it is condensed and routed to a reinjection
well along with liquid coming off separator. Determine:

4
Turbine 2
Reheater
3
Turbine 1
1
2
Steam generator
5
6
10
12
Open
feedwater
heater
Pump 1
Closed
feedwater
heater
Condenser
11
9
Pump 2
13
Trap
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of question 6

a) The mass flow rate of steam through the turbine
b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine
c) the power output of the turbine, and
d) the thermal efficiency of the plant
Answer: (a) 38.3 kg/s, (b) 0.686 (c) 15.4 MW, (d) 7.6%
Isenthalpic process (throttling valves, flashing chamber):
h1 = h2
(1)
u1 + p1 v1 = u2 + p2 v2
(2)

Separator
Turbine
Flash chamber
Condenser
6
Production well
Reinjection well
Figure 2: Geothermal power plant

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Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif

b) The mass flow rate of the steam in kg/hr

The schematic of a single-flash geothermal power plant with state numbers is

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of question 6

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif

Figure 2: Geothermal power plant

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