Comparative

Research of
Japan Policing
System
Submitted by :
1. Cruz, Harold T.
2. Reyes, Raymond Jake B.
3. Parillia, Renato
4. Caguituan, Antonette

Submitted to :
Mr. Reynold Andres

BS-CRIMINOLOGY 4-1A
History
The Japanese government established a European-style civil police
system in 1874, under the centralized control of the Police Bureau within the
Home Ministry, to put down internal disturbances and maintain order during
the Meiji Restoration.

1880
By the 1880s, the police had developed into a nationwide instrument
of government control, providing support for local leaders and enforcing
public morality.
In rural areas especially, the police had great authority and were
accorded the same mixture of fear and respect as the village head. The
centralized police system steadily acquired responsibilities, until it controlled
almost all aspects of daily life, including fire prevention and mediation of
labor disputes. The system regulated public health, business, factories, and
construction, and it issued permits and licenses.

1945
After Japan's surrender in 1945, occupation authorities in World War II
retained the prewar police structure until a new system was implemented
and the Diet passed the 1947 Police Law
About 1,600 independent municipal forces were established in cities,
towns, and villages with 5,000 inhabitants or more, and a National Rural
Police was organized by prefecture.

1951
1947 Police Law was amended to allow the municipal police of smaller
communities to merge with the National Rural Police.

1954
1947 Police Law was amended, a final restructuring created an even
more centralized system in which local forces were organized by prefectures
under a National Police Agency.

Organization
As of 2010, the total strength reached approximately 291,475
personnel.[1] The NPA total is about 7,709 with 1,969 police officers, 901
Imperial guards and 4,839 civilians.[1] The Prefectural police total is about
283,766 with 255,156 police officers and 28,610 civilians.
Nationwide, there are about 14,900 female police officers and about 11,800
female civilians.

Japan National Police Organization

The NPSC and the NPA constitute Japans National POLICE Organization.
NPA performs as a subordinate organization of the NPSC.

NPSC

Performs primarily as an administrative institution of the police,

exercises administrative supervision over the NPA , and indirectly
supervises prefecture police organizations through the NPA .
It appoints and dismisses the Commissioner General of the NPA and
other senior officials of prefecture police organizations.

National Police Agency (NPA)

It determines general standards and policies.

In a national emergency or large-scale disaster, the NPA is authorized
to take command of prefecture police forces.

Koban

or the neighborhood police-boxes system.

substations near major transportation hubs and shopping areas and in
residential districts.
It is probably the most unique traditional community-oriented policing
system in Japan.
Community police officers were renamed from Patrol officers.

Chuzaisho

Residential police boxes.

They serve as community safety centers whose job is to be aware of
the problems in the community and to prevent crimes and accidents.

The Central Office includes the Secretariat, with divisions for general
operations, planning, information, finance, management, and procurement
and distribution of police equipment, and five bureaus.

Police Administration Bureau- concerned with police personnel,

education, welfare, training, and unit inspections.
Criminal Investigation Bureau- charge of research statistics and the
investigation of nationally important and international cases.
Traffic Bureau-enforces traffic safety laws, and regulates traffic.
Intensive traffic safety and driver education campaigns are run at both
national and prefectural levels.
Security Bureau- Bureau formulates and supervises the execution of
security policies.
Regional Public Safety Bureaus- The National Police Agency has
seven regional police bureaus, each responsible for a number of
prefectures. Each is headed by a Director and they are organized
similar to the Central Office.

Japanese Police Organizational Structure

National Public Safety Commission

National Police Agency

Regional Police Bereaus

Prefectural Police Headquarters

Local and City Police Station

Local Police Post

Japanese Police Rank

Commissioner General: The Chief of National Police Agency. The

rank outside. 1 capacity.
Superintendent General: The Chief of Metropolitan Police
Department. 1 capacity.
Senior Commissioner : Deputy Commissioner General, Deputy
Superintendent General, The Chief of Regional Police Bureau, The Chief
of Prefectural Police Headquarters, others. 38 capacity.
Commissioner : The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters.
Assistant Commissioner : The Chief of Police Station(large). More than
this rank, all police officer join to National Police Agency.
Superintendent : The Chief of Police Station(small or middle), The
Vice Commanding Officer of Police Station, Commander of Riot Unit.
Police Chief Inspector : Squad Commander of Police Station, Leader
of Riot Company.
Inspector :Squad Sub-Commander of Police Station, Leader of Riot
Platoon. National Police Officer 1st class's career start from this rank.
Sergeant :Field supervisor, Leader of Police box. National Police
Officer 2nd class's career start from this rank.
Senior Police Officer : Honorary rank of Police Officer.
Police officer :Prefectural Police Officer's career start from this rank.

Japanese police rank vs PNP rank

 Commissioner General
Superintendent
General
Senior Commissioner
Commissioner
Assistant
Commissioner
Superintendent
Police Chief Inspector
Inspector
Sergeant
Senior Police Officer
Police officer

Director General
Deputy Director
General
Director
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
Senior Police Officer IV
Senior Police Officer III
Senior Police Officer II
Senior Police Officer I
Police Officer III
Police Officer II
Police Officer I

Minimum and Maximum age Recruitment and Retirement

Recruitment - Not less than 21 years old nor more than 45 years old.

 Retirement - 30 years of service or reaching the age of 55, after which

point each person is looked at on individual basis and considered for
retirement or to continue.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.

Entrance examination
1. Upper-secondary-school graduates
2. University graduates
Rigorous training
1. One year for upper-secondary school graduates
2. Six months for university graduates
Assignment is in local police boxes called koban.

Service weapon
Most Japanese police officers are issued pistols, which are generally left
at work when they are not on duty.The current service weapon is a
licensed version of the SIG SAUER P200.

l. Promotion
1. Police officer with upper-secondary school diplomas are
eligible to take the examination for surgeant after three
years of on-the-job experience.
2. University graduates can take the examination after only
one year. University graduates are also eligible to take
the examination for assistant police inspector, police
inspector, and superintendent after shorter periods than
upper-secondary school graduates. There are usually five
to fifteen examinees for each opening.
3.

Salary of Japanese Police officer

Salary of police officers consists of three parts:
Base pay

- consists of an hourly wage.

Allowances - amount to 34.6% of their base pay.

bonus
pay.

- These bonuses sum to approximately 40% of the officer's base

Total - approximately $27,000 dollars a year.

Upon their retirement, Japanese police officers receive a pension which is

equivalent to approximately 55% of their base pay

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE POLICE FORCE IN

JAPAN
Qualified police officer, you need to gain a formal education in the
enforcement field. There are no specific educational retirements for joining
the police force, but your level of education will determine the position your
able to acquire as a police officer. Most law enforcement agencies prefer
their applicants to have an associates or bachelors degree to be considered.
There are three educational paths you may decide to take towards a career
in the police force. The first is by completing a basic criminal justice degree
like certification or a diploma which will take you about a six months to a
year to complete. Your second includes pursuing a bachelors or masters
degree in criminal justice or law enforcement. These focused degree
programs offer courses like families and crisis, criminal and traffic codes,
juvenile justice, sociology, and psychology. The third educational path is to
pursue a degree in a non-related field like business administration which will
give you the education need to enroll in a police academy or a law
enforcement academy to get police training. No matter the degree, its
important you get an in depth knowledge of the legal system and procedures
that are applied in this field. Student with recognized degrees have better
chances to capitalize on management level job positions. If youre interested
in becoming a police officer, youll have to undergo background checks. If
your education and application are acceptable, youll be required to
complete a written civil service exam. Once youve passed written
examination, youll be require to undergo medical and physical test which
cover aspects such as sight, hearing, physical fitness, and more. Drug testing
will also take place. If you pass all these exams and match all the
requirements for police officers, youll attend a police academy for a few
months where youll be taught self-defense, first aid, and how to use
firearms. To learn more about getting the right degree for a job as a police
officer, click to request more information.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE POLICE FORCE IN THE

PHILIPPINES
The Bachelor of Science in Criminology or Criminal Justice is a 4-year college
degree program intended for individuals who wish to have a career in the
field of law enforcement, security administration, crime detection and
prevention or correctional administration. The Bs Criminology program aims
to foster the values of leadership, integrity, accountability and responsibility

while serving fellowmen, community and the country. The course is

comprised of CHED mandated general education subject, profession-related
courses and 2-phase practicum. BSCrim students will learn various theories,
policies, practices and laws associated with criminal behavior and the
methods applied to manage such deviant activities, subjects in this course
include police photography, ballistics, forensic science , toxicology,
polygraphy, and legal medicine. The course also offers special Physical
Education classes which include Martial arts, First aid, survival training,
markmanship and combat shooting.

The following are practices that the Philippine Policing

may adopt from Japan Policing System.
1. Recruitment age
2. Chuzaisho policing
3. Weapons

4. Salary
5. Pension