Stretagy of Essay Writing
Stretagy of Essay Writing
Stretagy of Essay Writing
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This eBook is licensed for your personal use only. Please do not
pirate copies of this eBook. Thank you for respecting the hard work
of this author.
To my loving family, especially my father and teachers, who always
encouraged me to write and to chase my dreams. To all of my
awesome guides & friends:
Mr. Sayed Aziz (PSP, CSS-2015),
Miss. Rabel Khokhar (PCS, CSS-2015),
Mr. Muhammad Zohaib (IG, CSS-2015),
Mr. Akhtar N. Tanoli (IG, CSS-2015),
Muhammad Yaseen Mahar, Mohsin Raza, Parkash Sarangani,
Zeeshan Ali Shah, and many more, thanks for reading my work and
cheering me on. Not to mention the writing supplies! This book
would not have been possible without all of you.
Thank you, thank you, thank you.
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PREFACE
The present work is humble attempt to satisfy the needs of students
appearing for Competitive Examinations conducted by Federal Public
Services Commission (FPSC) and other competitive exams. My main
objective in this book has been to give clear, comprehensive, simple and
examination oriented strategy of essay writing. The work is based on my
experiences studied from my different books. The materials are organized to
develop ability to write an essay on any topic extemporely. This book
intends to create awareness among students not to be fooled by essay classes
where only different essay topics are discussed and an impression created
that one of the topic may come in the examination. The evaluation strategy
of Federal Public Services Commission is start from a point where so called
market thinking ends. What is needed is development of real ability to write
on any topic, for which there should be a strategy with practice of
brainstorming and lateral thinking.
I am thankful to my friend Mr. Kamran Mahar (Mehran University of
Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, Sindh) for his kind cooperation and
technical support to complete the work.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER- 1 Understanding Essay
CHAPTER- 2 Strategies of Writing Essay
CHAPTER- 3 Work Proper
CHAPTER- 4 Furnishing Essay
CHAPTER- 5 Area-wise Essay Topics
CHAPTER- 6 Essays Asked in CSS Examination
CHAPTER- 7 Model Essays
Corruption in Pakistan Mother of all ills
Pakistan Rich in Natural Resources but Poor in Their
Management
Need for Good Governance in Pakistan
Women Empowerment In Pakistan / Status of Women
In Islam / Rights of Women
Are Four Pillars of State Responsible for what ails
Pakistan today?
Freedom of Media in Pakistan: Blessing or Bane?
War on Terrorism in Pakistan (Extremism, Fanaticism)
Sweet are the Uses of Adversity
Role of Media in the Modern World
Disaster Management In Pakistan
Population Explosion
CHAPTER- 8 Outlines
CHAPTER- 9 Essay Paper Checking Technique
CHAPTER- 10 Appendix ( Common Quotations )
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CHAPTER-1
Understanding Essay
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CHAPTER- 2
Strategies of Writing Essay
A. Approach of Writing Essay
As far the writing of an essay for a competitive
examination is concerned with what examiner wants from the
students is a clear expression of his personality and ideas in the
brief. The examiner wants to find out a consistency of approach
and the precise nature of the subject matter which is covered in
the essay. It is, therefore, advisable that a candidate should not
deviate from his topic and beat around the bush just for the sake
of the vicarious satisfaction of writing a lengthy essay, rather
his approach should be exact and to the point. The essay in the
competitive examination is quite different from an essay as is
understood in the literary sense.
In a competitive examination, the essay should be
balanced, coherent and it should reflect a unified impression
that it is a disjointed and irregular an impression of the poorly
grasped ideas regarding the subject matter given in
examination. On the other hand, the essay should invariably be
convincing and profound in ideas.
For writing a good, well balanced and scoring essay for
competitive examinations, first of all, the examiner wants that
essay should show the candidates grasp over the subject matter
and whatever material he prefers should have some relevance
with the title of the essay. The examiner wants an effectively
woven and logical piece of essay written in a concise manner.
Naturally the examiner will give a lot of credit to a candidate
who keeps close to the subject matter of the topic chosen for his
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CHAPTER- 3
Work Proper
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a) Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a technique which helps to elicit many
thoughts and ideas on a given topic. However, instead of
putting whole sentences or phrases to paper, this prewriting
technique involves creating a list. It might contain various
individual thoughts or ideas that make sense in a particular
order, and/or ideas that are linked together by association with
previous ideas. Unlike reewriting, brainstorming works well in
a limited amount of time.
Out of alloted three hours it is worthwhile to spend around 40
minutes for jotting down your ideas before beginning to write.
Putting your ideas on paper will be especially helpful where
your goal is to establish a point of view on a topic and support
your position.
How to brainstorm?
If you are not already being timed, set a timer for at least
30 minutes to bring more and better ideas in rough page
List every word or phrase that comes to mind about your
topic spontaneously.
As with freewriting, do not edit or censor any ideas, and
ignore the rules of spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
When you are finished, look over the list carefully. Cross
out useless information and organize what is left.
Categorize similar items.
Try to interconnect different areas with one another.
Before examination make list about the relevant areas
about which you have to deliberate in the brainstorming
time or areas which have universal applicability. It will
save your time and energy and help you to bring good
and powerful ideas within limited time period.
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CHAPTER- 4
Furnishing Essay
Your essay goal is to convey information, including the fact
that you can write well. That goal wont be achieved if
examiner dont understand your first few sentences or
paragraphs or fail to grasp your message. Learning how to be
a clear and accurately write an essay will help make your
essay readable, and will guarantee that examiner will
understand exactly what you mean to say. The five
guidelines in this chapter show you how to clarify your
writing.
1. Eliminate Ambiguity: Ambiguous language can either be
words and phrases that have more than one meaning, or
word order that conveys a meaning different from the one
intended by the writer.
Example: I am visiting the river bank.
This sentence can be read two ways:
(1) I am visiting the bank of the river or
(2) I am visiting the bank named river.
This kind of confusion can happen whenever a word has
more than one possible meaning.
Example: My teacher read my essay with the white car .
Here, the word order of the sentence, not an individual
word, causes the confusion. Did the teacher read the essay
with his car? Because the phrase with the white car is in the
wrong place, the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Try
instead: My teacher with the white read my essay.
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because
act
most
can
to
if
soon
can
finally
through
regarding
except for
currently or now
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I think that the Essay paper requires creative writing. So, welldeveloped thoughts expressed in lucid language do the trick.
I used to write essay, at least, once a week with a
comprehensive brainstorming on different topics.
Mirza M. Imran
6th Position CSS 2013
Essay Marks: 55
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CHAPTER- 5
Area- wise Essay Topics
Candidates are expected to reflect comprehensive and
research based knowledge on a selected topic. Any essay
can be connected with different areas. Some points are as
follows:
Polity area where you have to think to connect with
preamble, provisions given in different Articles,
Fundamental Rights, Democracy, Secularism, Socialism,
Judiciary, Executive, Legislative, Leadership etc.
Economy: Infrastructure, Agriculture, Welfare, Resource,
Planning, Regional Balance, Finance, Foreign trade,
Industry, Banking, Housing etc.
Science-Technology: Nuclear, Space, Bio-tech,
Environment, Information and Communication Technology,
Defence etc.
International Issues: Terrorism, Global warming, Poverty,
Energy Security etc.
Culture: Art, Music, Cenema, Religion, Dance, Philosophy,
Civilization, Literature etc.
Sport: Cricket, Hockey, Badminton, Sport events Olympic
game etc.
Historical: Ancient, Mediaval, Modern
Personality: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sir
Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Benazir
Bhutto, Muhammad Bin Qasim, Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi,
Shah Waliullah, Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, etc.
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CHAPTER-6
Essays asked in CSS Examination
Year- wise Analysis From 1971 TO 2016
It is the list of the essays which has been asked in previous
papers and intended to be the most important. By practicing
those essays you can achieve robust grip in essay. The following
essays may or may not repeat but surely play crucial role to
enlarge ideas that how a CSS Essay paper formatted. Areas of
topics are indicated for easy preparation. This indication is not
given in the paper.
EDUCATION
2000 Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to
drive, easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.
2002 Education ahs for its object the formation of character
2002 Need for serious planning in technical education in
Pakistan.
2005 Reforms in Examination systems
2007 The present system of Education must assume some of
responsibilities of our failure
2009 Co-education , Merits and Demerits
2012 A Critical Analysis of Education Systems in Pakistan
2013 Meaning and purpose of education
2014 There should be colleges and schools just for men/boys
and some just for women/girls
HIGHER EDUCATION
2002 Higher Science Education in the developing countries.
2007 Higher Education as an agent of change
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Chapter-7
Model Essays
CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN MOTHER OF ALL ILLS
Pakistan to the point where it haslost its identity and failed
to establish its credibility among the othernations of the world.
US Ambassador Cameron Munter
Power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to
corrupt absolutely. One thing must be given preference that it is not
the severity of punishment but the certainty of punishment that
matters.
Corruption is a method and a technique adopted just to
bypass the rule of law and engulfing the whole system into socioeconomic turmoil. Furthermore, corruption, being the mother of all
ills, gives birth to multifarious problems including nepotism,
favouritism and negating meritocracy, transparency and
accountability. It is an established fact that the cruelty shows its
influence as the rule of law is abrogated. Banking scams,
industrialist's monopoly tocreate baseless crises, bypassing the
constitutional supremacy, lavish living styles of the ruling class,
foreign tours under the head of national exchequer, general apathy,
neglect, carelessness and an attitude of indifference towards
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FREEDOM OF MEDIA IN PAKISTAN BLESSING OR BANE?
Free media is a double-edged sword which has its
benefits and vices; however, its advantages overweigh the
disadvantages. It ensures the right to freedom of speech. Media is
said to be free when the media organisations enjoy freedom to
disseminate information without facing any barriers from the
government or any other powerful actors of the society. Earlier in
Pakistan, media had to go through severe censorship and rigid
regulations. However, the laws were enacted in the last decade to
lift curbs on its freedom. This resulted in unprecedented freedom of
expression and provision of information. Free media comes with a
package of advantages such as educating people, increasing the
level of awareness, developing the public opinion and, most
importantly, supporting the democratic system. However, it carries
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POPULATION EXPLOSION
Dancing around the fire is not the solution to any problem. One
should try to see beneath the surface in order to grasp an idea about
the basic issue. Despite a steam of strong words and Family
Planning Programmed introduced by the governments of many
countries of the world, population is still increasing at an alarming
especially in the third world countries.
Pakistan is also facing the dragon of over population.
This problem has given rise to multidimensional problems in our
country. At present we are scarce in resources and it has become
difficult for the government to meet the rapidly growing needs of
the huge population with its scarce resources. The growth rate of
Pakistan is very high and is among the highest in the world. Since
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Chapter-8
Outlines
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CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN
Introduction
Definition of corruption
(a) Types of Corruption
(b) Various forms of corruption
(c) Incidence of corruption
Scenario of corruption in Pakistan
(a) Transparency International ranking
(b) Transparency International Pakistan report
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GLOBAL WARMING
1. Introduction
2. What is global warming?
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EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
PROBLEMS AND ITS SOLUTIONS
INTRODUCTION
Education the basic need
Object of Education
Importance of Education
Background of Pakistans Educational System
Educational System in Pakistan
Key Performance Indicators for Education Systems
PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
1. Medium of Education:
2. Disparity of System at Provincial Level:
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TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN
1.
2.
3.
a.
b.
c.
4.
a.
b.
Introduction
History of Terrorism in Pakistan: An Overview
Pakistan Faces Various Forms of Terrorism
Ethnic / Sectarian
Nationalist / Separatist
Jihadi / Islamist
Causes of Terrorism in Pakistan
Augmenting Illiteracy
Increasing Social Injustice
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Swelling Poverty
Derailing Democracy
Heightening Religious Intolerance
Unending Afghan War
Crippling Economy
Is Terrorism a Great Threat to Pakistan: YES
To democracy
To sovereignty
To economy
To governance
To progress
To national security
To national integrity
Recommendations:
Using the Influence of Religious Leaders
Utilizing Civil Society
Employing Media Effectively
Revamping Education System
Achieving Peace in Afghanistan
Ensuring Competent Intelligence
Dealing Effectively with Militants
Economic Recovery & Poverty Alleviation
Ensuring Speedy & Affordable Justice
Conclusion
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Chapter-9
ESSAY PAPER CHECKING TECHNIQUE OF THE FPSC
EXAMINER
I look at the outline first and foremost. There are three possible
types of outlines:
1) Relevant, to the point
2) Twisted, convoluted and confusing
3) Incomprehensible due to poor English
The last two outline-producing varieties of candidates are halffailed in my mind when I reach the end of their outlines.
Then I look for the thesis statements and again there can be
three types of them
1) Coherent and relevant
2) Irrelevant
3) Incomprehensible
For the third variety, their thesis statement marks the end of
their stories. I skim through the pages of their sheets in next few
seconds just to find out more blunders and finally award them
marks in 0-20 range.
For the second type of thesis statements, if the outline is
irrelevant too, I give a read to their introductory and concluding
paragraphs, and just a fleeting glance to the material they've
written in the body. If they used correct English, I award them
marks just for doing that.
If the thesis is irrelevant but the outline was relevant, I give
them a fighting chance. I read the introductory paragraph, if it
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Chapter-10
Appendix
(Common Quotations)
Education
To penetrate and dissipate these clouds of darkness, the general mind
must be strengthened by education. (Thomas Jefferson)
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned
in school. (Albert Einstein)
Purity of personal life is the one indispensable condition for building up
a sound education. (Nelson Mandela)
We have an obligation and a responsibility to be investing in our
students and our schools. We must make sure that people who have the
grades, the desire and the will, but not the money, can still get the best
education possible. (Barack Obama)
The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to
think critically. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true
education. (George Washington)
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make man a
cleverer devil. (C. S. Lewis)
Genius without education is like silver in the mine.
(Benjamin Franklin)
Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to
time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught. (Oscar Wilde)
In large states public education will always be mediocre, for the same
reason that in large kitchens the cooking is usually bad. (Eleanor
Roosevelt)
Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those
who prepare for it today. (Aristotle)
The goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the
dissemination of truth. (John F. Kennedy)
Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in
education. The human mind is our fundamental resource. (John F.
Kennedy)
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Globalisation
Globalisation has made us more vulnerable. It creates a world without
borders, and makes us painfully aware of the limitations of our present
instruments, and of politics, to meet its challenges. (Anna Lindh)
Globalisation makes it clear that social responsibility is required not only
of governments, but of companies and individuals. All sources must
interact in order to reach the MDGs. (Anna Lindh)
Globalisation will make our societies more creative and prosperous, but
also more vulnerable. (Lord Robertson)
One of the fundamental questions of today's world is undoubtedly the
question of equitable globalisation. (Janez Drnovsek)
Globalization and free trade do spur economic growth, and they lead to
lower prices on many goods. (Robert Reich)
Globalization, as defined by rich people like us, is a very nice thing...
you are talking about the Internet, you are talking about cell phones, you
are talking about computers. This doesn't affect two-thirds of the people
of the world. (Jimmy Carter)
If it is, in reality, capitalism that is the motor force behind the destructive
forms of globalization, then it must be in their capacity to neutralize or
transform this particular mode of exploitation that one can best test these
various forms of resistance to the West. (Fredric Jameson)
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Nationalism
Born in iniquity and conceived in sin, the spirit of nationalism has never
ceased to bend human institutions to the service of dissension and
distress. (Thorstein Veblen)
Every major question in history is a religious question. It has more effect
in molding life than nationalism or a common language. (Hilaire
Belloc)
I do not believe that the values which the Western democracies consider
essential to civilization can survive in a world rent by the international
anarchy of nationalism and the economic anarchy of competitive
enterprise. (Arthur Henderson)
I have been thinking about the notion of perfect love as being without
fear, and what that means for us in a world that's becoming increasingly
xenophobic, tortured by fundamentalism and nationalism. (Bell Hooks)
If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no
official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics,
nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion, or force citizens to
confess by word or act.
(Robert Jackson)
Nations whose nationalism is destroyed are subject to ruin. (Muammar
al-Gaddafi)
Culture
We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men
and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and
where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play.
(Muhammad Ali Jinnah)
No occupation is so delightful to me as the culture of the earth, and no
culture comparable to that of the garden. (Thomas Jefferson)
If art is to nourish the roots of our culture, society must set the artist free
to follow his vision wherever it takes him. (John F. Kennedy)
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Technology
Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations
which we can perform without thinking of them. (Alfred North
Whitehead)
Do you realize if it weren't for Edison we'd be watching TV by
candlelight? (Al Boliska)
Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their
common sense. (Gertrude Stein)
For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public
relations, for Nature cannot be fooled. (Richard P. Feynman)
Humanity is acquiring all the right technology for all the wrong reasons.
(R. Buckminster Fuller)
I am sorry to say that there is too much point to the wisecrack that life is
extinct on other planets because their scientists were more advanced
than ours. (John F. Kennedy)
It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our
humanity. (Albert Einstein)
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Terrorism
Democracy is necessary to peace and to undermining the forces of
terrorism. (Benazir Bhutto)
When we think of the major threats to our national security, the first to
come to mind are nuclear proliferation, rogue states and global
terrorism. But another kind of threat lurks beyond our shores, one from
nature, not humans - an avian flu pandemic. (Barack Obama)
This was not an act of terrorism, but it was an act of war. (George W.
Bush)
Everybody's worried about stopping terrorism. Well, there's a really easy
way: stop participating in it. (Noam Chomsky)
Terrorism is the tactic of demanding the impossible, and demanding it at
gunpoint. (Christopher Hitchens)
In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime. (Abdul
Kalam)
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Corruption
The duty of youth is to challenge corruption. (Kurt Cobian)
corruption is like a ball of snow, once it is set a rolling it must increase.
(Charles Caleb Colton)
In a state where corruption abounds laws must be very numerous.
(Tacitus)
corruption of the best things gives rise to the worst. (David Hume)
corruption, the infallible symptom of constitutional liberty.
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Health
Without health life is not life; it is only a state of langour and suffering an image of death. -Buddha
Our greatest happiness does not depend on the condition of life in which
chance has placed us, but is always the result of a good conscience, good
health, occupation, and freedom in all just pursuits. Thomas Jefferson
The only way to keep your health is to eat what you don't want, drink
what you don't like, and do what you'd rather not. -Mark Twain
The first wealth is health. -Ralph Waldo Emerson
The health of the eye seems to demand a horizon. We are never tired, so
long as we can see far enough. -Ralph Waldo Emerson
Attention to health is life greatest hindrance. -Plato
When wealth is lost, nothing is lost; when health is lost, something is
lost; when character is lost, all is lost. -Billy Graham
The best activities for your health are pumping and humping. Arnold
Schwarzenegger
If you can be well without health, you may be happy without virtue.
Edmund Burke
You cannot have maternal health without reproductive health. And
reproductive health includes contraception and family planning and
access to legal, safe abortion. -Hillary Clinton
The greatest of follies is to sacrifice health for any other kind of
happiness. Arthur Schopenhauer
A wise man should consider that health is the greatest of human
blessings, and learn how by his own thought to derive benefit from his
illnesses. Hippocrates
The preservation of health is a duty. Few seem conscious that there is
such a thing as physical morality. -Herbert Spencer
The health of the people is really the foundation upon which all their
happiness and all their powers as a state depend. -Benjamin Disraeli
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Poverty
It is a poverty to decide that a child must die so that you may live as you
wish. Mother Teresa
Being unwanted, unloved, uncared for, forgotten by everybody, I think
that is a much greater hunger, a much greater poverty than the person
who has nothing to eat. -Mother Teresa
The most terrible poverty is loneliness and the feeling of being unloved.
Mother Teresa
Our life of poverty is as necessary as the work itself. Only in heaven will
we see how much we owe to the poor for helping us to love God better
because of them. Wars of nations are fought to change maps. But wars
of poverty are fought to map change. -Muhammad Ali
In poverty and other misfortunes of life, true friends are a sure refuge.
The young they keep out of mischief; to the old they are a comfort and
aid in their weakness, and those in the prime of life they incite to noble
deeds. Aristotle
Poverty is the mother of crime. -Marcus Aurelius
You can't get rid of poverty by giving people money. -P. J. O'Rourke
Anyone who has ever struggled with poverty knows how extremely
expensive it is to be poor. -James A. Baldwin
Affluence creates
poverty. -Marshall McLuhan
The real tragedy of the poor is the poverty of their aspirations. Adam
Smith
Poverty makes you sad as well as wise. -Bertolt Brecht
Poverty makes you wise but it's a curse. -Bertolt Brecht
There's only one thing money won't buy, and that is poverty. -Joe E.
Lewis
Women
The minute you alter your perception of yourself and your future, both
you and your future begin to change.
(Marilee Zdenek)
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THE END.
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