Ethnomedicinal Survey of Plants of Valley Alladand Dehri, Tehsil Batkhela, District Malakand, Pakistan
Ethnomedicinal Survey of Plants of Valley Alladand Dehri, Tehsil Batkhela, District Malakand, Pakistan
Ethnomedicinal Survey of Plants of Valley Alladand Dehri, Tehsil Batkhela, District Malakand, Pakistan
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Email: [email protected]
Abstract The aim of this survey was to evaluate and document ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Valley Alladand Dehri,
Tehsil Batkhela, District Malakand, which has high medicinal plants prospective. Ethnomedicinal informations including local
names, local medicinal uses of plants, were collected through an open-ended questionnaire. These Informations were only
reported when at least 10 interviewees verified it. The study showed that the local people used approximately 92 species of
different plants for various diseases like in high blood pressure as diuretic (18%), diarrhea (11%) and diabetes (8%). The
leading families out of 53 in medicinal indications were Lamiaceae (12%), Asteraceae (8%), Cucurbitaceae (8%) and
Solanaceae (8%). It was also observed that local collectors are unaware of proper collection, and preservation techniques, due
to which its active ingredients are lost. It is concluded from our survey that this ethnomedicinal study will definitely provide a
folkloric claim base for researchers and also asses in the treatment of local diseases.
Keywords Ethnomedicinal survey, valley Alladand Dehri, local indications,diseases,families
1.
Introduction
2.
were only reported when at least 10 interviewees verified the name and local uses of the plant. Plants collected during the surveys were identified with the help of published flora of
Pakistan [9][12]. Voucher specimen has been deposited in the Herbarium of Botony Department, University of Sargodha. In Table 1, the plants have been arranged alphabetically
according to their families, showing their botanical, local names and traditional indications.
2. Acorus calamus L.
V#1085
Local Name
Baikar
Skhawaja.
Family Name
Acanthacea
Acoraceae
Habitat
shrub
Part used
Root, leaves
Local indications
Roots are used in rheumatism, pneumonia, and
cough. Leaves are used in inflammation i.e. to
reduce swelling. Decoction of leaves is made
which is used as antispasmodic, expectorant,
abortifaciant and also used for curing dysentery
in cattle. It is also used in snakebites, eye and
ear ailments. It is also used in scabies and as
antiseptic.
Herb
Rhizome
Vegetable
Bulbs, leaves
Piaz
Alliaceae
4. Narcissus tazetta
Linn.
V#1087
Gul-e-Nargis
Amaryllidaceae A perennial
herb
Flowers
5. Caralluma tuberculata
N.E. Br.
V#1088
Pamankay
Apocynaceae
Succulent stem
shoots
Ganderay
Apocyanaceae
Herb
7. Hedra helix L
V#1090
ZalyaeIvy
Araliaceae
Herb
Leaves
8. Taraxacum officinale
Linn.
V#1091
Zair gulae.
Asteraceae
(Compositae)
A perennial
herb
Flower, root,
leaves
9. Calendula arvensis
Linn.
V#1092
10. Calendula officinale
Linn.
v#1093
Zair gulae
Asteraceae
Herb
Leaves, flowers
Zair gulae
Asteraceae
Ornamental
herb
Flowers, leaves
kareeza
Asteraceae
Spiny herb
Seeds
Leaves
Ghiskay
Asteraceae
An annual
herb
Danya botay/
Malloch
Asteraceae
Spulmaey
Kwaray/
ziar largy
Berberidaceae
Wild herb
Spiny shrub
Vegetative
portion
Whole plant
Root, fruit,
shoots
26
Local Name
Tarmera
Family Name
Brassicaceae
Habitat
Part used
A perennial herb Shoots
of moist habitat
Bhang
Cannabaceae
An annual
herb
18.Convolulus arvensis
Linn.
V#1100
19. Helianthus annuus
Linn.
V#1101
20. Citrulus colocynthis
Prewata
Convolvulaceae
Nwar parast
Compositae
A cultivated
herb
Kalkundi
Cucurbitacea
A prostrate her
Shard.
Erect Shoots
Local indications
It is used as vegetable. It is antimicorbic, appetizer
and diuretic. It is also used in chest problems.
Local hakims use it in tablets, which are used for pain in
the body, such as stomachache.
Leaves are used as bandages to cure a wound
Juice added with milk and nuts to make drink
knownTandai. Charas also prepared from it.
It is used as purgative and also used in skin
diseases.
Seed, flowers
Fruit
V#1102
Peta Kadoo
Cucurbitacea
Climbing herb
Gharangy
Kadoo
Cucurbitacea
Climbing
herb
Fruit
Karela
Cucurbitaceae
Climbing herb
Fruit
Torai
Cucurbitaceae
Marazbote/
ziara zele
Cuscutaceae
Whole
Parasitic
yellowish herb
Stem
Ebenaceae
Tree
Fruit
Equisetaceae
A tall herb
(pteridophyte)
Shoots
Bandakay
Mandanu
Euphorbiaceae
An erect herb
Shoots
Euphorbiaceae
Creeping herb
Arhanda
Euphorbiaceae
31. Mallotusphilippensis
(Lann) Muell
V#1114
32. Fumaria indica
Pugsley (Husskn)
V#1115
Kambela
Euphorbiaceae
Fruit
Papra
Fumariaceae
Small branched
herb
Shoot
Shoots
27
Table 1 Continue. Ethanomedicinal survey of Valley Alladand Dehri Tehsil, Batkhela District, Malakand.
S.no. Botanical Name
Local Name
Family Name
Habitat
Part used
Local indications
khareray/
Goujai
Helveliaceae
Mushroom of Whole
moist habitat
Ghuz
Juglandaceae
Tree
Fruits, nut,
bark, leaves.
Speraboty/
aspabotay
Shoots
Boti
Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae
Aaromatic
herb
Herb
Whole plant
Podina
Lamiaceae
A perennial
cultivated herb
Leaves
Enaley
Lamiaceae
perennial
aromatic herb
Leaves
Shamakay
Lamiaceae
A perennial
herb
Vegetative
portion
Spairkay
Lamiaceae
shrub
Leaves, seed
Ooga
Liliaceae
Vegetable
Bulbs, leaves
Meliaceae
Tree
Bark, leaves
fruit,seeds
Bakyana/
Tora shandi
Palosa
Mimosaceae
Tree
Gum, branches
Malvaceae
A cultivated
Moraceae
Inzar
V#1128
Spin toot/
Malooby
Moraceae
A cultivated /
wild tree.
Fruits
vegetable
Fruit, leaves
28
Table 1 Continue. Ethanomedicinal survey of Valley Alladand Dehri ,Tehsil, Batkhela, District,
Malakand.
S.no. Botanical Name
Local Name
Family Name
Habitat
Part used
Local indications
cooling agent, anthelmintic and astringent. Leaves
were once used in rearing silk worms. It is used as
anti-diabetic and also has antibacterial activity.
Toor toot
Moraceae
A cultivated /
wild tree.
Leaves,fruit
Lachi
Myrtaceae
Tall tree
Leaves, oil,
stem
Ensat
Nyctaginaceae
Herb
Shoot,seeds
Zair Rambail
Chambail
Oleaceae
Khuna
Oleaceae
Tarookay
Oxalidaceae
Fatehkhana
Nakhtar
Ornamental
shrub
Whole plant
Ornamental
shrub
Flowers, roots
Evergreen tree
Fruits, leaves,
trunk
A perennial
small herb
Leaves
Papilionaceae
Perennial herb
Shoot
Papilionaceae
A cultivated tree
Seeds
Papaveraceae
A cultivated herb
Seeds
Pinaceae
Tree
Seeds,resin
Chinar
Platinaceae
A huge deciduous
tree
Bark
Jewar
Poaceae
A cultivated crop
Cobs,seeds
Shalkhay
Polygonaceae
A perennial herb
Leaves, roots
Polygonaceae
A perennial
Shoots
herb of moist habitat
29
Table 1 Continue. Ethnomedicinal survey of Valley Alladand Dehri Tehsil, Batkhela District, Malakand.
S.no. Botanical Name
Local Name
Family Name
Warkharae
Portulaceae
Ananghorai
Punicaceae
Habitat
A cultivated herb
A medium size
tree
Part used
Vegetative portion
Local indications
It is used in kidney, liver, urinary bladder
and lungs problems. It is also used as refrigerant.
Its leaves are used in dysentery and skin
diseases. Fruit is used as astringent.Fruit
juice is antiseptic and blood purifier. Fruit
pericarp is used as laxative and in whooping
cough anardana(i.e. dried seed) is used as
condiment. The fruit bark is used as a diuretic
and for curing mouth ulcers. Its stem and root
bark is anthelimintic.
.
Mamaikh
Ranunculaceae
Jaghagha
Ranunculaceae
Markhanaey
Karwara
Ghwaraskay
Khardhag
Backyanra
Kachmachu
Rhamnaceae
Fruit, branches
Rosaceae
Erect shrub
Shoot
Rutaceae
Bark, fruit,
stem, seeds
Leaves, seeds
Leaves, flowers,
Sapinadaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Simarubacea
Solanaceae
Herb
Tree
Bark
A wild herb
Berries, leaves.
Cultivated herb
Leaves
A small spiny
Whole plant
30
Table 1 Continue. Ethnomedicinal survey of Valley Alladand Dehri Tehsil, Batkhela District, Malakand.
S.no. Botanical Name
Local Name
Family Name
Habitat
Part used
Local indications
Kootilal
Solanaceae
A dwarf shrub
Seeds
Leghone
Thymelaceae
Shruby plant
Fruit,bark
Verbenaceae
Erect perennial
herb
Shoot
Tall shrub
Leaves, roots,
branches
Shamakay
Marvandaey/
vermandai
Verbenaceae
Banafsh
Violaceae
A perennial herb
Whole plant
Banafsha
Violaceae
A perennial herb
Whole plant
Bera
Zhamnaceae
Branched tree
Markondai
Zygophyllaceae
Azghakay
Zygophyllaceae
3.
Fruit, leaves
Prostrate herb
Shoots
Prostrate herb
Shoot
Results
4.
Discussion
31
(Fig-3) are the most important families of the selected
area, due to its abundance of medicinal plants prevalence.
The local methods of medicinal plants collection and their
further processing were also explored. It was observed
from our survey that elders people particularly womens
used these medicinal plants in their homes for herself and
other family members in the treatment of different
diseases, but these womens and also local collectors were
oblivious of proper collection, cleaning, packing and
preservation techniques, for e.g. sun drying of medicinal
plants instead of shade drying or if the plant got some
moisture or water during drying, it will definitely got
fungal growth, due to which the active ingredients are
almost lost and as a result treatment will be ineffective, so
shade drying or in dim sun-light at morning time was
recommended.
It is suggested that the specified plants which have still
not clear phytochemical study should be done in relation to
its local indications, on the basis of which it will be helpful
for the scientist to select such plants and to verify its
folkloric claim.
5.
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
The authors are thankful to Mr. Naveed Mushtaq,
Mr.Nasir Hayat and Mr. Nadeem Irshad for their
contribution in the work.
References
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