Application of Mathematics in Electrical Engineering

Theory of Matrices:
Real matrices Symmetric, skew symmetric, orthogonal. Complex matrices: Hermitian, SkewHermitian and Unitary
Matrices. Idempotent matrix, Elementary row and column transformations- Elementary matrix, Finding rank of a matrix by
reducing to Echelon and normal forms. Finding the inverse of a non-singular square matrix using row/ column
transformations (Gauss- Jordan method). Consistency of system of linear equations (homogeneous and nonhomogeneous) using the rank of a matrix. Solving m x n and n x n linear system of equations by Gauss elimination. CayleyHamilton Theorem (without proof) Verification. Finding inverse of a matrix and powers of a matrix by Cayley-Hamilton
theorem, Linear dependence and Independence of Vectors. Linear Transformation Orthogonal Transformation. Eigen
values and eigen vectors of a matrix. Properties of eigen values and eigen vectors of real and complex matrices. Finding
linearly independent eigen vectors of a matrix when the eigen values of the matrix are repeated. Diagonalization of matrix
uadratic forms up to three variables. Rank Positive definite, negative definite, semi definite, index, signature of quadratic
forms. Reduction of a quadratic form to canonical form.
UNIT II
Differential calculus methods.
Rolles Mean value Theorem Lagranges Mean Value Theorem Cauchys mean value Theorem (all theorems without
proof but with geometrical interpretations), verification of the Theorems and testing the applicability of these theorem to the
given function. Functions of several variables: Functional dependence- Jacobian- Maxima and Minima of functions of two
variables without constraints and with constraints-Method of Lagrange multipliers.
UNIT III
Improper integration, Multiple integration & applications:
Gamma and Beta Functions Relation between them, their properties evaluation of improper integrals using Gamma /
Beta functions Multiple integrals double and triple integrals change of order of integration- change of variables (polar,
cylindrical and spherical) Finding the area of a region using double integration and volume of a region using triple
integration.
UNIT IV
Differential equations and applications
Overview of differential equations- exact, linear and Bernoulli (NOT TO BE EXAMINED). Applications of first order differential
equations Newtons Law of cooling, Law of natural growth and decay, orthogonal trajectories.
Linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients, Non-homogeneous term of the type f(X) =
eax, Sin ax, Cos ax, and xn, eax, V(x), xn V(x), method of variation of parameters. Applications to
bending of beams, Electrical circuits and simple harmonic motion.
UNIT V
Laplace transform and its applications to Ordinary differential equations
Definition of Integral transform, Domain of the function and Kernel for the Laplace transforms. Existence of Laplace
transform. Laplace transform of standard functions, first shifting Theorem, Laplace transform of functions when they are
multiplied or divided by t. Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals of functions. Unit step function second shifting
theorem Diracs delta function, Periodic function Inverse Laplace transform by Partial fractions( Heaviside method)
Inverse Laplace transforms of functions when they are multiplied or divided by s, Inverse Laplace Transforms of derivatives
and integrals of functions, Convolution theorem - Solving ordinary differential equations by Laplace transforms.

UNIT I
Vector Calculus: Vector Calculus: Scalar point function and vector point function, Gradient- Divergence- Curl and their
related properties. Solenoidal and irrotational vectors finding the Potential function. Laplacian operator. Line integral
work done Surface integrals -Volume integral. Greens Theorem, Stokes theorem and Gausss Divergence Theorems
(Statement & their Verification).
UNIT II
Fourier series and Fourier Transforms: Definition of periodic function. Fourier expansion of periodic functions in a given
interval of length 2 . Determination of Fourier coefficients Fourier series of even and odd functions Fourier series in an
arbitrary interval even and odd periodic continuation Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions.
Fourier integral theorem - Fourier sine and cosine integrals. Fourier transforms Fourier sine and cosine transforms
properties inverse transforms Finite Fourier transforms.
UNIT III
Interpolation and Curve fitting
Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation Finite differences- Forward Differences- Backward
differences Central differences Symbolic relations of symbols. Difference expressions Differences of a polynomialNewtons formulae for interpolation - Gauss Central Difference Formulae Interpolation with unevenly spaced pointsLagranges Interpolation formula.
Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line Second degree curve-exponential curve-power curve by method of least squares.
UNIT IV : Numerical techniques
Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations and Linear system of equations: Introduction Graphical
interpretation of solution of equations .The Bisection Method The Method of False Position The Iteration Method
Newton-Raphson Method .
Solving system of non-homogeneous equations by L-U Decomposition method (Crouts Method). Jacobis and Gauss-Seidel
iteration methods.
UNIT V
Numerical Integration and Numerical solutions of differential equations:
Numerical integration - Trapezoidal rule, Simpsons 1/3rd and 3/8 Rule , Gauss-Legendre one point, two point and three
point formulas.
Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Picards Method of successive approximations. Solution by Taylors
series method Single step methods-Eulers Method-Eulers modified method, Runge-Kutta (second and classical fourth
order) Methods.
Boundary values & Eigen value problems: Shooting method, Finite difference method and solving eigen values problems,
power method

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

II Year B.Tech. ECE - I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 4
MATHEMATICS - III
UNIT I:
Linear ODE with variable coefficients and series solutions(second order only): Equations reducible to constant
coefficients-Cauchys and Lagranges differential equations. Motivation for series solutions, Ordinary point and Regular
singular point of a differential equation , Transformation of non-zero singular point to zero singular point. Series solutions to
differential equations around zero, Frobenius Method about zero.
Unit - II:
Special Functions : Legendres Differential equation, General solution of Legendres equation, Legendre polynomials
Properties: Rodrigues formula Recurrence relations, Generating function of Legendres polynomials Orthogonality.
Bessels Differential equation, Bessel functions properties: Recurrence relations, Orthogonality, Generating function ,
Trigonometric expansions involving Bessel functions.
UNIT-III:
Complex Functions Differentiation and Integration : Complex functions and its representation on Argand plane,
Concepts of limit Continuity, Differentiability, Analyticity, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Harmonic functions Milne
Thompson method. Line integral Evaluation along a path and by indefinite integration Cauchys integral theorem
Cauchys integral formula Generalized integral formula.
UNIT - IV:
Power series expansions of complex functions and contour Integration: Radius of convergence Expansion in
Taylors series, Maclaurins series and Laurent series. Singular point Isolated singular point pole of order m essential
singularity. Residue Evaluation of residue by formula and by Laurent series Residue theorem. Evaluation of integrals of
the type

(a) Improper real integrals

(b)

UNIT - V:
Conformal mapping: Transformation of z-plane to w-plane by a function, Conformal transformation.
Standard transformations- Translation; Magnification and rotation; inversion and reflection,Transformations like e z , log z, z2,
and Bilinear transformation. Properties of Bilinear transformation, determination of bilinear transformation when mappings of
3 points are given .
TEXT BOOKS:
1.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.

2.

Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.

REFERENCES:
1.

Complex Variables Principles And Problem Sessions By A.K.Kapoor, World Scientific Publishers

2.

Engineering Mathematics-3 By T.K.V.Iyengar andB.Krishna Gandhi Etc

3.

A Text Book Of Engineering Mathematics By N P Bali, Manesh Goyal

4.

Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Alan Jeffrey, 6th Edit. 2013, Chapman & Hall/CRC

5.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Michael Greenberg, Second Edition. Person Education

6.

Mathematics For Engineers By K.B.Datta And M.A S.Srinivas,Cengage Publications

MATHEMATICAL METHODS

UNIT I : Interpolation and Curve fitting

Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation Finite differences- Forward Differences- Backward differences
Central differences Symbolic relations and separation of symbols- Difference Equations Differences of a polynomialNewtons formulae for interpolation Central difference interpolation Formulae Gauss Central Difference Formulae
Interpolation with unevenly spaced points-Lagranges Interpolation formula. B. Spline interpolation Cubic spline.
Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line Second degree curve-exponential curve-power curve by method of least squares
UNIT II : Numerical techniques
Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations and Linear system of equations.

Introduction Graphical interpretation of solution of equations .The Bisection Method The Method of False Position The
Iteration Method Newton-Raphson Method . Solving system of non-homogeneous equations by L-U Decomposition
method(Crouts Method)Jacobis and GaussSeidel Iteration method
Numerical Differentiation, Integration, and Numerical solutions of First order differential equations:
Numerical differentiation, Numerical integration - Trapezoidal rule, Simpsons 1/3rd and 3/8 Rule ,
Generalized Quadrature. Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Solution by Taylors series method Picards
Method of successive Approximation- single step methods-Eulers Method-Eulers modified method, Runge-Kutta Methods,
Predictor corrector methods(Milnes Method and Adams-Bashforth methods only).
UNIT III : Fourier series and Fourier Transforms
Definition of periodic function. Fourier expansion of periodic functions in a given interval of length 2 Determination of
Fourier coefficients Fourier series of even and odd functions Fourier series in an arbitrary interval even and odd
periodic continuation Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions. Fourier integral theorem - Fourier sine and cosine
integrals. Fourier transforms Fourier sine and cosine transforms properties inverse transforms Finite Fourier
transforms.
UNIT IV : Partial differential equations
Introduction and Formation of partial differential equation by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions,
solutions of first order linear (Lagrange) equation and non-linear equations (Charpits method), Method of
separation of variables for second order equations Applications of Partial differential equations-Two dimensional wave
equation., Heat equation.
UNIT V : Vector Calculus
Vector Calculus: Scalar point function and vector point function, Gradient- Divergence- Curl and their related properties, Laplacian operator, Line integral work done Surface integrals -Volume integral. Greens Theorem,
Stokes theorem and Gausss Divergence Theorems (Statement & their Verification). Solenoidal and irrotational vectors,
Finding Potential function.
TEXT BOOKS:
1.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.

2.

Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers

REFERENCES:
1.

Mathematical Methods by T.K.V. Iyengar, B.Krishna Gandhi & Others, S. Chand.

2.

Introductory Methods by Numerical Analysis by S.S. Sastry, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

3.

Mathematical Methods by G.Shankar Rao, I.K. International Publications, N.Delhi

4.

Mathematical Methods by V. Ravindranath, Etl, Himalaya Publications.

5.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics with MATLAB, Dean G. Duffy, 3rd Edi, 2013, CRC Press Taylor &
Francis Group.

6.

Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Alan Jeffrey, 6ht Edi, 2013, Chapman & Hall/ CRC

7.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Michael Greenberg, Second Edition. Pearson Education.