CPL - Appendix 2.0A (CAA Website July 2016)
CPL - Appendix 2.0A (CAA Website July 2016)
CPL - Appendix 2.0A (CAA Website July 2016)
This appendix specifies the theoretical aspects required to be known for the CPL theoretical knowledge examinations.
Candidates may be examined on any of the elements included in this appendix that are applicable to the aircraft category
licence sought and should be aware especially of the requirements of SA-CATS 61.01.10 (11)(d) and (e).
3. All compulsory aspects applicable to the respective aircraft category are marked with an X.
A mark in the category column A represents an aspect applicable to the aeroplane examination and a mark in the category
column H represents an aspect applicable to the helicopter examination.
4. The column marked REFERENCE refers to the applicable section or part in the Regulations (CAR) or source document,
when applicable. When a Technical Standard is referred to, this is indicated by the use of the acronym CATS or TS. When
a source document other than the Regulations is referred to in this column, this is indicated in plain words as a heading.
5. Candidates are expected to be familiar with all acronyms and abbreviations contained in Subpart 1.01.2 of the Regulations
prior to attempting any of the subjects listed in this appendix, but will not be directly evaluated on this aspect in the
examinations.
6. Candidates are to ensure that they use the most recent amendments to the Regulations, Technical Standards and other
technical documentation when preparing for the examinations.
7. The suggested study material to use for preparation for this examination is communicated by Aeronautical Information Circular
(AIC) and also posted on the Authoritys website where deemed appropriate. This study material is assumed to be the default
source material used by candidates and is therefore not referred to in this syllabus. Where reference material clarity is
required or additional source material is to be used for specific syllabus aspects, this is stipulated in the relevant portion of the
syllabus. Candidates are nevertheless free to use any material they wish in order to ensure their comprehension of the
mandated subject matter and to comply with the prescribed theoretical knowledge requirements.
8. Candidates should note that some of the suggested study material might refer to foreign operational, certification and
legislative requirements e.g. EU-OPS, JAA-OPS, CS 23 and CS 25. Except where specifically indicated, candidates will not be
assessed on such aspects during this examination. The underlying theory, however (which in most cases is identical in South
African and other international legislation), should be known and understood. In this regard, candidates are expected to
differentiate between the underlying theoretical concepts which need to be known and the foreign requirements themselves,
which need not be known. Such non-compulsory information might nevertheless still be interesting to a candidate for the
purposes of personal enrichment and as an aid to general knowledge of aviation developments.
9. Refer to Appendix 2.0 C for the Syllabus of Theoretical Knowledge for the Instrument Rating.
SUBJECT:
AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL AND GENERAL (AEROPLANE)
CATEGORY
APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
SYLLABUS ASPECT
Aeroplane
A.1.1
AIRCRAFT ELEMENTS
a. Valves
check valves, pressure release valves, selector valves, restrictors, thermal relief valves
b. Bearings
c. Pumps
gear type, diaphragm type, vane type, piston type, centrifugal type
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A.1.2
- pump drives
d. Filters
types of construction
stress
structural limitations
stress
d. Landing gear
types
construction
nosewheel steering
braking systems
construction
parking brake
- Anti-skid system
e. Hydraulics
hydraulic fluids
Hydraulic systems
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ancillary systems
Pneumatic systems
power sources
warning devices
Pressurisation
differential pressure
emergency procedures
Deice systems
Anti-ice systems
air intake
propeller
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A.1.3
windshield
h. Fuel system
Fuel tanks
unusable fuel
Fuel feed
gravity feed
crossfeed
fuel management
Fuel jettison
ELECTRICS
a. Direct current
General
Ohms law
resistive circuits
Batteries
capacity
hazards
Magnetism
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A.1.4
permanent magnetism
electromagnetism
electromagnetic power
electromagnetic induction
Generators
monitoring devices
starter generator
Current distribution
buses
annunciators
inverter
b. Alternating current
frequency
phase shift
AC components
Alternators
- starter generator
AC power distribution
Transformers
function
definitions
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cylinder construction:
a. Engine power
b. Lubrication system
oil grades
c. Air cooling
d. Ignition system
HT magnetos, LT magnetos
colour coding
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A.1.5
f. Engine handling
Limitations
mixture
Faults
rough running
vibration
loss of power
b. Types of construction
centrifugal
axial flow
c. Engine construction
Air inlet
function
Compressor
function
effects of damage
compressor characteristics
Combustion chamber
function
mixing ratios
fuel injectors
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Turbine
effects of damage
Jet pipe
function
different types
e. Reverse thrust
- failure
Ignition
Starter
Fuel system
malfunctions
Lubrication
malfunctions
Fuel
effects of temperature
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A.1.6
A.1.7
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
a. Smoke detection
c. Oxygen systems
b.
Fire/Smoke
carburettor fire
engine fire
c.
Windshear, microburst
d.
Wake turbulence
cause
e.
Contaminated runways:
damp runway
dry runway
wet runway
contaminated runway
Types of contamination
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A.1.8
Hydroplaning / Aquaplaning
types
SUBSONIC AERODYNAMICS
a. Laws and definitions
units of measurement
inertia
velocity
momentum
acceleration
equilibrium
b. Airspeeds
Mach number
c. Lift
equation of continuity
Aerofoil definitions
relative airflow
chord line
angle of attack
centre of pressure
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lift/drag ratio
Shape of an aerofoil
symmetrical aerofoils
d. Drag
Profile drag
form drag
skin friction
Induced drag
Drag formula
e. Thrust
thrust curve
f. Ground effect
definition
g. Flying controls
primary effects
secondary effects
stabilator
Control balancing
aerodynamic balance
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tabs
mass balancing
spring tab
cause
h. Lift augmentation
i. Stalling
transition point
separation point
on pressure distribution
on centre of pressure
power off
power on
Method of recovery
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Influence of:
power setting
wing loading
washout
vortex generators
j. Spinning
balance of couples
Climbing
balance of forces
factors affecting
- cruise climb
Descending
without power
balance of forces
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effect of power
Turning
balance of forces
load factor
steep turns
l. Stability
static stability
SUBJECT:
AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL AND GENERAL (HELICOPTER)
CATEGORY
APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
SYLLABUS ASPECT
H
A.2.1
A.2.2
AIRCRAFT ELEMENTS
a. Valves
check valves, pressure release valves, selector valves, restrictors, thermal relief
valves
b. Bearings
c. Pumps
gear type, diaphragm type, vane type, piston type, centrifugal type
- pump drives
d. Filters
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a. Fuselage
types of construction
stress
construction
structural limitations
construction
d. Helicopter configurations
single rotor
Control systems
f. Rotorheads
g. Tail rotors
- NOTARS
h. Helicopter blades
j. Transmission systems
Drive shafts
Gearboxes
- limitations
- chip detector
Clutches
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types, components
Freewheeling
types, components
k. Rotor brake
components, construction
l. Inspection
m. Hydraulics
hydraulic fluids
Hydraulic systems
warning devices
windshield
p. Fuel system
Fuel tanks
Fuel feed
gravity feed
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A.2.3
crossfeed
fuel management
ELECTRICS
a. Direct current
General
Ohms law
resistive circuits
Batteries
capacity
- uses
hazards
Magnetism
permanent magnetism
electromagnetism
electromagnetic power
electromagnetic induction
Generators
monitoring devices
starter generator
Current distribution
buses
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A.2.4
annunciators
inverter
Alternators
- starter generator
b. Alternating current
frequency
phase shift
AC components
AC power distribution
Transformers
function
Transformer/rectifier units
b. Definitions:
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e. Engine power
f. Lubrication system
oil grades
G. Air cooling
fins, baffles
H. Ignition system
HT magnetos, LT magnetos
colour coding
j. Engine handling
Limitations
operational limitations
Faults
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A.2.5
rough running
vibration
loss of power
b. Types of construction
centrifugal
axial flow
c. Engine construction
Air inlet
function
Compressor
function
effects of damage
compressor characteristics
Combustion chamber
function
mixing ratios
fuel injectors
Turbine
effects of damage
Ignition
Starter
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A.2.6
A.2.7
Fuel system
malfunctions
Lubrication
malfunctions
Fuel
effects of temperature
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
a. Fire detection and fire fighting
icing conditions
c. Noise abatement
d. Fire/Smoke
carburettor fire
engine fire
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A.2.8
e. Windshear, microburst
f. Wake turbulence
cause
g. Rotor downwash
h. Emergency procedures
engine failure
ground/resonance
blade/stall
overpitch
overspeed
sudden stoppage
SUBSONIC AERODYNAMICS
a. Laws and definitions
units of measurement
inertia
velocity
momentum
acceleration
equilibrium
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b. Airspeeds
c. Lift
equation of continuity
relative airflow
chord line
angle of attack
centre of pressure
lift/drag ratio
A.2.9
Aerofoil definitions
Shape of an aerofoil
- types of aerofoils
aspect ratio
d. Drag
Profile drag
form drag
skin friction
Induced drag
Drag formulas
Rotor drag
HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS
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a. Definitions:
axis of rotation
tip path
rotor disc
disc loading
blade loading
rotational airflow
induced airflow
lift blade
drag blade
rotor thrust
rotor drag
torque
blade twist
taper
coning angle
centrifugal force
d. Helicopter controls
Collective lever
Cyclic stick
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Yaw pedals
fuselage torque
fenestron tail
pitch angle
f. Flapping
flapping to equality
g. Dragging
drag dampers
leading/lagging
i. Vertical flight
take-off
vertical climb
vertical descent
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ground effect
j. Force in balance
at the hover
in forward flight
influence of CG
k. Translational lift
l. Power requirements
induced drag
parasite drag
power available
airflow reversal
compressibility
flow separation
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inflow roll
density altitude
CG position
thrust reversal
effect of deceleration
tip vortices
development
q. Blade sailing
r. Autorotation vertical
effective airflow
relative airflow
autorotative force
rotor drag
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turning
the flare
autorotative landing
t. Stability
hover
forward flight
rearward flight
stability aids
stabiliser bars
u. Control power
effect on stability
maximum speed
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overpitch
overtorque
turning
w. Stability
static stability
dynamic stability
x. Blade stall
shock waves
SUBJECT:
AIR LAW
ASPECT
NUMBER
CATEGORY
APPLICABILITY
REGULATION
REFERENCE
SYLLABUS ASPECT
A
A.3.1
CAR Part 1.01.1
Accident
Advisory airspace
Aerial work
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Aerobatic flight
Aerodrome
Aeroplane
AIP Supplement
Aircraft
Aircraft category
Aircraft type
Aircraft variant
Airmanship
Air side
Air-taxiing
Airworthy
Alerting service
Altitude
Approved training
Apron
Authority to fly
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Certificate of airworthiness
Child
Competency
Configuration
Contaminated runway
Control area
Controlled flight
Control zone
Co-pilot
Crew member
Cargo
Carry-on baggage
Congested area
Danger area
Date of application
Day
Defined point
First aid
Flight
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Flight level
Flight plan
Flight time
GNSS
Hazard
Helicopter
Incident
Infant
International flight
Large aircraft
Maneuvering area
Meteorological service
Night
Operator
Passenger
Pilot
Pilot in command
Psychoactive substances
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A.3.2
Release to service
Restricted area
Runway-holding position
Safety pilot
Serious injury
Skills test
Suitable aerodrome
Taxi
Threat
Threat management
Threshold
Transition altitude
Transition level
Tug
Tow
Visual approach
Visibility
Wet runway
CAR PART 12
Subpart 1:
General
12.01.1
Applicability
12.01.9
Subpart 2:
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A.3.3
A.3.4
12.02.1
Notification of accidents
12.02.2
Notification of incidents
12.02.3
12.02.4
Particulars of notification
12.02.5
Notification of hazards
Subpart 4:
Scene of an accident
12.04.1
12.04.2
12.04.3
Control of evidence
12.04.4
12.04.5
CAR PART 43
43.01.1
Applicability
43.01.2
43.01.3
Logbooks
43.01.5
Entries in logbooks
43.02.2 (2)
CATS 43.02.2
43.02.7 (1)
43.02.18
CATS 43.02.18
43.04.1
CAR PART 61
PILOT LICENSING
61.01.1
Applicability
61.01.2
Pilot licences
61.01.3
61.01.5
61.01.6
61.01.7
Language
61.01.8
61.01.9
61.01.11
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61.01.12
61.01.14
Register of licences
61.01.15
61.01.16
61.01.18
61.05.1
61.05.3
61.05.4
61.05.5
61.05.6
61.05.7
61.05.8
X
X
61.06.1
61.06.3
61.06.4
61.06.5
61.06.6
61.06.7
61.06.8
61.09.1
61.09.1
A.3.5
X
X
X
61.09.2
61.09.3
Skills test
61.09.4
61.09.7
61.09.8
CAR PART 67
MEDICAL CERTIFICATION
67.00.2
67.00.3 (2)
67.00.6
67.00.8
67.00.9
67.00.13
Substance abuse
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A.3.6
Applicability
91.01.2
91.01.3
91.01.6
91.01.7
91.01.9
91.01.10
Endangering safety
91.01.12
Use of time
91.01.13
91.01.14
91.01.15
91.01.16
Psychoactive substances
91.02.1
91.02.3
91.02.4
Recency
91.02.5
91.02.6
91.02.7
91.02.8
91.03.1
91.03.2
91.03.3
Aircraft checklists
91.03.4
91.03.5
Flight folio
SACATS 91.03.5
Flight folio
91.03.6
Fuel record
91.03.7
91.03.9
Logbooks
91.04.1
91.04.2
91.04.3
67.00.14
CAR PART 91
91.01.1
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91.04.4
91.04.6
91.04.8
Radio altimeter
91.04.11
91.04.13
91.04.16
91.04.18
91.04.23
91.04.24(1)(a)
91.04.24(1)(c)
91.04.25
91.04.28
91.04.30
91.04.31 (1)
RVSM operations
91.05.1
Communication equipment
91.05.2
Navigation equipment
CATS 91.05.3
91.06.1
Landing on roads
91.06.2
91.06.3
Picking up objects
91.06.6
91.06.7
Right of way
91.06.8
91.06.9
Aircraft speed
91.06.10
91.06.11
Taxi rules
91.06.12
91.06.13
Signals
SACATS 91.06.13
Signals
91.06.15
Reporting position
91.06.16
SA-CATS 91.06.16
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91.06.17
91.06.18
91.06.19
Prohibited areas
91.06.20
Restricted areas
91.06.21(1)(a), (2)
91.06.21(1)(b), (2)
91.06.22(1)
91.06.22(2)
91.06.23
91.06.24
91.06.25
Aircraft equipment
91.06.29
SACATS 91.06.29
91.06.30
91.06.31
Priority
Minimum heights
91.06.32
Minimum heights
91.06.33
Semi-circular rule
SACATS 91.06.33
Semi-circular rule
91.06.34
91.07.1
91.07.2
SACATS 91.07.2
91.07.3
Use of aerodromes
91.07.4
91.07.10
91.07.10
91.07.12
Fuel supply
SACATS
91.07.12(1)
Fuel supply
SACATS
91.07.12(2)
Fuel supply
91.07.13
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X
X
X
X
X
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91.07.18
91.07.19
Passenger seating
91.07.20
91.07.21
91.07.24
91.07.25
91.07.28
91.07.29
91.07.30
Acrobatic flights
91.07.31
91.07.32
91.07.33
Heads up displays
91.07.34
91.07.35
CAR Part 92
92.00.1
Applicability
92.00.8
Training
92.00.18
92.00.21
92.00.27
A.3.8
CAR Part 93
Corporate operations
A.3.9
93.01.1
Applicability
93.02.2
93.02.10
121.01.1
Applicability
127.01.1
Applicability
127.02.1(8)(9)(6)
127.03.6
127.07.8
Offshore operations
127.07.15
127.07.16
A.3.7
A.3.10
A.3.11
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A.3.12
A.3.13
A.3.14
A.3.15
A.3.16
135.01.1
Applicability
135.01.2
135.02.2
SACATS 135.02.2
135.07.1
SACATS 135.07.1
135.07.5
SACATS 135.07.5
135.07.8
SACATS 135.07.8
135.08.4
135.08.7
139.01.1(2)
Applicability
139.04.1
SA-CATS 172
SA-CATS 172.02.2
Enforcement
185.00.1
Offences
X
X
Classification of airspace
ENR 1.5.1
General
ENR 1.5.2
Arriving flights
ENR 1.5.11
ENR 1.5.11.1
ENR 1.6.1
Primary radar
ENR 1.6.2
ENR 1.7
ENR 1.9
ENR 1.9.1
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AERODROMES
X
communication frequencies
chart symbols
aerodrome information
AD section
A.3.17
A.3.18
Definitions
-
Aerodrome beacon
Aerodrome elevation
Barrette
Clearway
Declared distances
(Take-off run available (TORA); Take-off distance available (TODA); Accelerate-stop
distance available (ASDA); Landing distance available (LDA))
X
X
Displaced threshold
Holding bay
Landing area
Manoeuvring area
Marking
Movement area
Primary runway(s)
Runway
Runway-holding position
Runway strip
Shoulder
Sign
Stopway
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b.
Taxiway
Threshold
Touchdown zone
c.
3.6 Clearways
3.7 Stopways
d.
5.2 Markings
-
5.2.1 General
5.3 Lights
-
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5.4 Signs
e.
A.3.19
Declared Distances
-
Runway length
X
X
Elevated heliport.
Helicopter clearway
Helicopter stand.
Helideck
Heliport
Protection area.
Safety area
Shipboard heliport
Surface-level heliport
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b.
Taxi-route.
Winching area
c.
Helicopter Clearways
Safety areas
Aprons
X
X
Final approach and take-off areas and touchdown and lift-off areas
Helicopter clearways
Safety areas
Aprons
SUBJECT:
FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING (AEROPLANE)
CATEGORY
APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
SYLLABUS ASPECT
A
A.4.1
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b.
A.4.2
X
X
CERTIFICATION
a.
Type certificate
Type of aircraft
b.
c.
Subpart A - General
23.1 Applicability
Subpart B - Flight
A.4.3
23.45 General
STAGES OF FLIGHT
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A.4.4
A.4.5
A.4.6
A.4.7
Take-off
Climb
Level Flight
Descending
b.
VA, VNO, VNE, VX, VY, VS, VSO, VFO, VFE, VLO, VLE, VMO
c.
METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
AERODROME TERMINOLOGY
-
Runway length
Clearway, stopway
Runway slope
WAT limits
PERFORMANCE TERMINOLOGY
a.
b.
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A.4.8
A.4.9
c.
d.
e.
The effect of excess thrust and power on speed and/or climb performance
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Temperature
Air density
Aeroplane mass
Aeroplane configuration
b.
Take-off
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A.4.10
X
X
Climb
-
X
X
Cruise
-
Find power settings, cruise true airspeed (TAS) and fuel consumption
Find the difference between still air distance (NAM) and ground distance
(NM)
X
X
Landing
-
Critical engine
The effect of the critical engine inoperative on the power required and the
total drag
b.
For both fixed and constant speed propellers, explain the effect of airspeed
on thrust during the take-off run
The effect of selected power settings, flap settings and aeroplane mass on
the rate of climb
c.
The effect of mass on the speed for best angle and best rate of climb
The effect of wind on the maximum range speed and speed for maximum
climb angle
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A.4.11
The effect of mass, altitude, wind, speed and configuration on the glide
descent
d.
Landing
b.
c.
d.
A.4.12
Take-off
-
Calculate all engine and critical engine out take-off climb data
X
X
Climb
-
X
X
Find power settings, cruise true airspeed (TAS) and fuel consumption,
normal and one engine inoperative
X
X
landing
-
Terminology
-
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b.
c.
A.4.13
Define the following load terms: Payload, Taxi Fuel, Take off
X
X
Mass limitations
-
The effects if CG is in front of the forward limit and if CG is behind the aft limit
Calculate maximum allowed payload and fuel load not to exceed given
Allowed Mass for Take-off, Zero Fuel and Landing.
X
X
Calculation of CG
-
Movement of CG in flight
CPL SYLLABUS
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a.
b.
CP (critical point)
X
X
Specific performance
-
Specific weight
Specific gravity
ANM/fuel ratio
GNM/fuel ratio
SUBJECT:
FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING (HELICOPTER)
CATEGORY
APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
SYLLABUS ASPECT
H
A.4.1
A.4.2
CERTIFICATION
a.
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Type certificate
Type of aircraft
b.
A.4.4
A.4.5
A.4.6
A.4.7
X
X
b.
METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY
-
AERODROME TERMINOLOGY
-
Runway length
Helipads
b.
c.
Operating limitations
CPL SYLLABUS
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A.4.7
A.4.8
Terminology:
-
CG limits lateral
b.
Calculation of CG
c.
Movement of CG in flight
d.
e.
Ballast
b.
c.
X
X
specific weight
specific gravity
ANM/fuel ratio
GNM/fuel ratio
CPL SYLLABUS
Website placement July 2016
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SUBJECT:
HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS
(AEROPLANE) AND (HELICOPTER)
CATEGORY APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
C.6.1
SYLLABUS ASPECT
A
a. The atmosphere
blood pressure
pulse rate
blood donation
c. The lungs
basic anatomy
ozone
radiation
humidity
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY
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- effects of pressurisation
e. Vision
night vision
optical illusions
f. Hearing
basic physiology
g. Equilibrium
spatial disorientation
types of illusions
prevention
- the senses
i. Acceleration
a. Personal hygiene
colds
influenza
gastro-intestinal upset
hearing loss
defective vision
CPL SYLLABUS
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obesity
nutrition
diabetes, hypoglycaemia
c. Intoxication
tobacco
alcohol
d. Incapacitation
gastro-intestinal
cardio-vascular
epilepsy, faints
e. Stress
stages
causes, stressors
anxiety
defence mechanisms
f. Fatigue
definition
causes
symptoms
- tiredness
CPL SYLLABUS
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C.6.3
causes
symptoms
treatment
h. Sleep
patterns
habituation
selective attention
divided attention
perception
confirmation bias
b. Memory
sensory memory
- general
- episodic memory
- semantic memory
- procedural memory
environment capture
amnesia
motor skills
action slips
long-term memory
CPL SYLLABUS
Website placement July 2016
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- insight
- arousal
- cognition
c. Human behaviour
Personality
characteristics
self concept
attitude development
errors
situational awareness
- human behaviour
- SHELL model
types of errors
- error chains
pilot judgement
perceptual judgement
cognitive judgement
Cockpit management
crew co-ordination
CPL SYLLABUS
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C.6.4
crew co-operation
- Automation
- complacency
-ergonomics
- cockpit lighting
leadership style
cockpit gradient
verbal communication
non-verbal communication
- feedback
a. First Aid
- First aid
- Fainting
- Nose bleeds
- Food poisoning
- Dehydration
- Head injuries
- Bleeding
- Fractures
- Burns
- Shock
b. Survival
- Body temperature
- Survival equipment
Leadership
Communication
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Website placement July 2016
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- Survival in a jungle
SUBJECT:
INSTRUMENTS (AEROPLANE) AND (HELICOPTER)
CATEGORY
APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
C.7.1
C.7.2
SYLLABUS ASPECT
A
static source
malfunction
heating
b. Altimeter
altitude alert
errors
GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS
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a. Gyroscopic fundamentals
vertical gyro
rate gyro
tied gyro
apparent wander/drift
real wander/drift
mountings, gimbals
construction
principle of operation
limitations
calculation of drift
components
modes of operation
mountings, gimbals
errors
Turn Co-ordinator
CPL SYLLABUS
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data input
- information displayed
C.7.3
C.7.4
C.7.5
C.7.6
C.7.7
input sources
AUTOPILOT
general principles of operation
a. Terrestrial magnetism
horizontal components
MAGNETISM
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C.7.8
C.7.9
b. Aircraft magnetism
heading
c. Magnetic compass
serviceability tests
STALL WARNING
a. types of basic stall warning devices
- basic (pneumatic)
- electric
- protection provided
Torque meter
Vibration monitors
Chip detection
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Website placement July 2016
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SUBJECT 8:
METEOROLOGY
(AEROPLANE) AND (HELICOPTER)
CATEGORY APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
A.8.1
SYLLABUS ASPECT
A
ISA deviation.
a. General
- Definition.
Mercury barometer.
Aneroid barometer.
- Pressure altitude.
Isobars.
- Pressure gradient.
b. Low-pressure systems:
- Thermal lows.
Troughs.
- Cut-off lows.
c. High-pressure systems.
- Thermal highs.
Ridges.
A.8.2
A.8.3
THE ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
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A.8.4
A.8.5
A.8.5
Synoptic charts.
a. General:
- Insolation.
- Advection.
- Latent heat.
Absolute humidity.
Relative humidity.
Boyles law.
Charless law.
Temperature.
Pressure.
TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
DENSITY
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Website placement July 2016
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A.8.6
A.8.7
Humidity.
c. Density altitude:
- Definition.
b. Measurement of wind:
c. Formation of wind:
Coriolis effect.
Gradient wind.
Surface wind.
e. Local winds:
- The Sirocco.
ALTIMETRY
WIND
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A.8.8
A.8.9
A.8.10
- The Khamsin.
- The Simoon.
- The Shamal.
- The Haboob.
- The Harmattan.
b. Lapse rates:
c. Atmospheric stability:
Absolute stability.
Absolute instability.
Conditional instability.
Neutral stability.
Inversions.
Isothermal layers.
- Cloud amount.
b. Cloud formation:
Convective.
Orographic.
Frontal.
Convergent.
Turbulent.
c. Cloud classification.
d. Cloud types.
CLOUDS
PRECIPITATION
a. Condensation nuclei.
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A.8.11
A.8.12
b. Precipitation processes:
c. Types of precipitation.
d. Intensity of precipitation.
e. Continuity of precipitation.
a. Formation:
b. Thunderstorm classification:
Convective.
Orographic.
Convergent.
Frontal.
Nocturnal.
c. Additional classifications:
f. Hazards:
Microbursts.
Hail.
- Icing.
- Lightning
- Tornadoes.
a. Dangers.
b. Airframe icing:
THUNDERSTORMS
ICE ACCRETION
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A.8.13
c. Types:
Rime ice.
Mixed ice.
Hoar frost.
d. Engine icing:
Impact icing.
Fuel icing.
i. Ice protection:
a. Windshear:
Definition of windshear.
- Causes.
Low-level windshear.
- Approach techniques.
b. Turbulence:
Definition of turbulence.
d. Wake turbulence:
- Cause.
- Dangers.
CPL SYLLABUS
Website placement July 2016
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A.8.14
A.8.15
A.8.16
A.8.17
a. Visibility:
- Slant visibility.
VISIBILITY
c. Fog:
Radiation fog.
Advection fog.
Frontal fog.
Orographic (upslope).
Steam fog.
AIR MASSES
- Definition of an air mass.
- Classification.
Modification.
b. Cold fronts:
c. Warm fronts:
FRONTS
CPL SYLLABUS
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A.8.18
A.8.19
A.8.20
- Associated weather.
c. Regional climatology:
- Coastal lows.
- Basic layout.
- Information obtainable.
d. Interpretation of:
- METAR.
- TAF.
- SPECI.
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
CPL SYLLABUS
Website placement July 2016
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- ATIS.
SUBJECT 9:
NAVIGATION (AEROPLANE)
CATEGORY APPLICABILITY
ASPECT
NUMBER
A.9.1
SYLLABUS ASPECT
A.9.3
A.9.4
THE EARTH
a.
A.9.2
difference of longitude
difference of latitude
DIRECTION
-
true north
magnetic north
compass north
DISTANCE
-
CPL SYLLABUS
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A.9.5
sidereal day
time conversions
CHARTS
a.
b.
c.
A.9.6
orthomorphic/conformal charts
Mercator chart
-
parallels of latitude
RELATIVE VELOCITY
-
aircraft separation
CPL SYLLABUS
Website placement July 2016
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A.9.7
a.
conversions
b.
A.9.8
heading, track
TAS, groundspeed
wind velocity
drift
NAVIGATION PLOTTING
a.
b.
c.
constant RAS
d.
e.
plotting of co-ordinates
Track corrections
-
use of 1 in 60 rule
SUBJECT:
RADIO AID & COMMUNICATION (AEROPLANE) AND (HELICOPTER)
ASPECT
NUMBER
SYLLABUS ASPECT
CPL SYLLABUS
Website placement July 2016
CATEGORY
APPLICABILITY
Page 74 of 78
C.10.1
C.10.2
a. Electromagnetic waves
frequency bands
band width
amplitude modulation
frequency modulation
pulse modulation
designation of emission
signal/noise ratio
b. Antennas
characteristics
polarisation
polar diagram
types of antennas
c. Wave propagation
ground waves
direct waves
sky waves
fading
principles
coverage
range
CPL SYLLABUS
Website placement July 2016
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C.10.3
C.10.4
C.10.5
C.10.6
principles
coverage
range
Doppler VOR
principles
coverage
range
principles
coverage
range
principles
coverage
range
C.10.7
GROUND RADAR
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C.10.8
C.10.9
C.10.10
C.10.11
C.10.12
C.10.13
principles
principles
coverage
range
principles
frequency band
principles
frequencies
testing
principle of operation
RADIO ALTIMETER
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Website placement July 2016
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reliability/integrity
1.
MOTIVATION
2.1
Part 61.11 was revised and approved by CARCom in January 2014. The revised subpart 11 makes
provision for a single-paper examination towards the Instrument rating examination, due to become
effective on 2015-08-01. This provision necessitates changes to the Technical Standards pertaining
to the examinations, which are included in this revised document. The major implication is that the
Instrument Rating (IR) syllabus has to be divorced from the Commercial Pilots Licence (CPL)
syllabus.
1.2
Appendix 2.0A currently contains the theoretical knowledge requirements (syllabus) for both the
CPL as well as the IR. This is not reconcilable with the proposed single-paper IR examination,
because of the following factors:
a. The single-paper IR examination follows a different philosophy to the present format in its
division into topics instead of subjects;
b. The emphasis will be on a more complete evaluation (i.e. testing operational insight as well
as theoretical knowledge) and the syllabus has to be adjusted to accommodate this, where
necessary;
c. It is necessary to reinforce point that the IR has been separated from the CPL to avoid
confusion and ambiguity in the industry by separating the respective syllabi;
d. Although the perusal of the IR syllabus will require more effort from candidates that require a
professional licence and an IR, it is deemed to be more user-friendly towards PPL
candidates requiring only an IR. The accessibility of an IR for such candidates was a major
consideration in the implementation of the new IR concept.
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