API Mechanical Seal Piping Plan Booklet LORES 4C MAR2016
API Mechanical Seal Piping Plan Booklet LORES 4C MAR2016
API Mechanical Seal Piping Plan Booklet LORES 4C MAR2016
INTRODUCTION
AND PIPING KEY
SINGLE
SEALS
DUAL
SEALS
QUENCH
SEAL
SECONDARY
CONTAINMENT
SEALS
DUAL GAS
SEALS
USEFUL
INFORMATION
PIPING PLAN
PIPING PLAN
Plan 53C Dual seals, pressurized liquid barrier through heat exchanger with differential
pressure tracking piston accumulator
Plan 54
Plan 55
Plan 61
Plan 62
Plan 65A
PIPING PLAN
PIPING PLAN
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A primary factor in achieving highly reliable, effective sealing performance
is to create the best fluid environment around the seal. Selection of the right
piping plan and associated fluid control equipment requires a knowledge and
understanding of the seal design and arrangement, fluids in which they operate
and of the rotating equipment to which they are fitted. Provision of clean, cool
face lubrication, effective heat removal and consideration of personnel and
environmental safety, leakage management and controlling system costs
are among the specific factors that must be considered. API has established
standardized piping plans for seals that provide industry guidelines for various
seal arrangements, fluids and control equipment. The illustrations included are
based upon API 682.
The following pages illustrate and describe features of these plans as an
aid to help determine what support system requirements will maximize the
performance reliability of your fluid handling rotating equipment application.
INTRODUCTION
API 682 standard has connections and symbols for the seal chamber and
gland plate based upon the seal configuration. It is recommended that the
latest edition of the standard be reviewed for up-to-date requirements when
this standard is mandated for a piece of rotating equipment. The intent of this
booklet is to illustrate the common connections that are utilized for the various
piping plans, regardless of the equipment type, and therefore generic names for
connections are used. The end user and/or equipment manufacturer may have
specific requirements that dictate what connections are to be supplied and how
they are to be labelled. In a piping plan illustrated, the Flush connection noted
for the inboard seal of a dual seal may originate from a number of suitable
sources. For example, the Flush for piping plans 11/75 or 32/75 may be the
product (Plan 11) or an external source (Plan 32).
PIPING KEY
STRAINER
ORIFICE
HEAT
EXCHANGER
PIPING KEY
BLOCK VALVE
CHECK VALVE
COALESCING
FILTER
FLOW
REGULATING
VALVE
RESERVOIR
PRESSURE
CONTROL
VALVE
PRESSURE
RELIEF
VALVE
CYCLONE
SEPARATOR
PISTON
ACCUMULATOR
BLADDER
ACCUMULATOR
PI
PRESSURE INDICATOR
LIT
LEVEL TRANSMITTER
WITH LOCAL INDICATOR
TI
TEMPERATURE
INDICATOR
FIT
FLOW TRANSMITTER
WITH LOCAL INDICATOR
LI
LEVEL INDICATOR
PSL
PRESSURE SWITCH
LOW
FI
FLOW INDICATOR
FM
FLOW METER
LSL
PIT
PRESSURE TRANSMITTER
WITH LOCAL INDICATOR
DIFFERENTIAL
PDIT PRESSURE TRANSMITTER
WITH LOCAL INDICATOR
TIT
TEMPERATURE
TRANSMITTER WITH
LOCAL INDICATOR
PIPING PLAN
Normally
Open
Flush Outlet To
Heat Exchanger
Shaft
Gland
450-600 mm
(18-24 inch)
Note: The total length of
Vertical
Equipment CW Shaft
Rot. Shown
Horizontal
Equipment
Horizontal
Equipment
40mm/m /
" per foot Min. Slope
1m
36"
Barrier Outlet
Vertical
Equipment
Shaft
Gland
CW Shaft
Rot. Shown
Barrier Inlet
Drain Valve
Low Point Drain Valve
Barrier
Inlet
No external flush
PLAN 01
Quench optional
Quench/Drain
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
PLAN 01
PLAN 02
Optional heating/cooling
inlet/outlet
Large bore seal
chamber is
recommended
No flush - normal
Vent/Flush
(If req'd) plugged
Quench optional
Ensure seal
chamber is fully
vented
Flush, plugged
Quench/Drain
Flush,
plugged
Vent if
required
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Description: Plan 02 is a non-circulating flush plan where adequate vapor
suppression can be assured.
General: Most commonly used on large bore pumps utilizing a cooling jacket.
The use of a Plan 62 with a steam quench can also provide some additional
cooling on hot applications. Success on hot applications depends upon keeping
the cooling jacket clean which is prone to fouling.
PLAN 02
Advantages: Solids are not continually introduced into the seal chamber, no
external hardware is required.
Quench optional
PLAN 03
Quench/Drain
Flush
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Description: Plan 03 is circulation between seal chamber and pump created by
design of the seal chamber.
PLAN 03
Advantages: Circulation for cooling and venting of the seal is achieved by design
of the seal chamber geometry or flow enhancement features.
Quench optional
Orifice
PLAN 11
By-pass from
discharge
Flush
Quench/Drain Flush
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
PLAN 11
Description: Plan 11 is the most common flush plan in use today. This plan
takes fluid from the pump discharge (or from an intermediate stage) through an
orifice(s) and directs it to the seal chamber to provide cooling and lubrication to
the seal faces.
Quench optional
Strainer
PLAN 12
By-pass from
discharge
Orifice
Cleanout
trap
Flush
Flush
Quench/Drain
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Description: Plan 12 is similar to Plan 11, except that a strainer is added to the
flush line.
PLAN 12
Advantages: No product contamination and solids are removed from the flush
stream keeping the seal clean.
Quench optional
Orifice
PLAN 13
Return
to suction
Flush outlet
Quench/Drain
Flush
outlet
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Description: In a Plan 13 the flow exits the seal chamber and is routed back to
pump suction. Standard arrangement for vertical and high head pumps.
General: Typically Plan 13 is used on vertical pumps since they have the
discharge at the top of the pump where the seal is located. Because of the
difference in flow patterns, Plan 13 is not as efficient in removing heat as a
Plan 11 and thus requires a higher flow rate.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-11-14/ENG for additional
information.
PLAN 13
PLAN 14
Quench optional
Orifice
By-pass from
discharge
Orifice
Return
to suction
Flush outlet
Flush
outlet
Quench/Drain
Flush inlet
Quench
SINGLE SEALS
Description: Plan 14 is a combination of Plans 11 and 13. Flush is taken off of
pump discharge, sent to the seal chamber, and piped back to pump suction.
General: Often used on vertical pumps to provide adequate flow and vapor
pressure margin independent of throat bushing design.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-11-14/ENG for additional
information.
PLAN 14
Advantages: Cooling can be optimized with the flush directed at the seal faces.
Plan 14 allows for automatic venting of the seal chamber.
Quench optional
PLAN 21
Orifice
Heat exchanger
By-pass from
discharge
Cooling water
connections
Flush
TI
Vent, plugged
Flush outlet
Drain plugged
Temperature
indicator
Flush
Quench
Quench/Drain
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Advantages: Process fluid cools and lubricates the seal, therefore no dilution
of process stream. Cooling improves lubricity and reduces the possibility of
vaporization in the seal chamber.
General: Plan 21 is not a preferred plan, either by API or many users, due to the
high heat load on the heat exchanger. Plan 23 is preferred.
PLAN 21
Description: Plan 21 is a cooled version of Plan 11. The product from pump
discharge is directed through an orifice, then to a heat exchanger to lower the
temperature before being introduced into the seal chamber.
Quench optional
PLAN 22
Orifice
Heat exchanger
Vent, plugged
Strainer
Cooling water
connections
Flush
TI
Flush outlet
Drain plugged
Temperature
indicator
Flush
Quench
Quench/Drain
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Description: Plan 22 is a modified version of a Plan 21 with the addition of a
strainer before the orifice.
Disadvantage: Plan 22 should be used with caution as strainers can clog and
result in seal failure.
General: If the seal is set up with a distributed or extended flush, the effectiveness
of the system will be improved. This plan should be equipped with a differential
pressure indicator or alarm to alert the user that the strainer is clogged.
NOTE: API 682 4th edition comments This plan has not been proven to achieve a
3-year operating life.
PLAN 22
Advantages: No product contamination, and solids are removed from the flush
stream keeping the seal clean.
Quench optional
Vent, normally closed
PLAN 23
Heat exchanger
Cooling water
vent, plugged
Cooling water
connections
Flush outlet
TI
Flush inlet
Pumping
ring
Cooling water
drain, plugged
Temperature
indicator
Quench/Drain
Flush outlet
shown for CW
shaft rotation
Quench
SINGLE SEALS
Advantages: More efficient than a Plan 21 and less chance of heat exchanger
fouling. Reduced temperature improves lubricity and improves vapor pressure
margin.
General: Preferred plan for hot application. Close clearance throat bushing is
recommended to reduce mixing of hot product with cooler closed loop system.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-API23 for additional information.
PLAN 23
PLAN 31
Quench optional
By-pass
from
discharge
Abrasive/cyclone
separator
Return
to suction
Flush
Flush
Quench
Quench/Drain
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Advantages: Unlike a strainer or filter, the abrasive separator does not require
cleaning. Solids are removed from the flush stream keeping the seal clean.
General: This plan should be used for services containing solids that have a
specific gravity at least twice that of the process fluid. Typically the separator
requires a minimum pressure differential of 1 bar (15 psi) to operate properly.
Orifices may be used to optimize flow rates and separation efficiency.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-31,41 for additional information.
PLAN 31
Quench optional
Flow indicator (optional)
PLAN 32
Pressure
indicator
Strainer
Valve, normally open
TI
Flush
Flush
Temperature
indicator (optional)
Check valve
Quench/Drain
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
Advantages: The external flush fluid, when selected properly, can result in vastly
extended seal life.
General: When an outside flush source is used, concerns regarding product
dilution and/or economics must be considered by the user.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-32 for additional information.
PLAN 32
Quench optional
Heat exchanger
PLAN 41
Abrasive/cyclone separator
Vent, plugged
Cooling water
connections
By-pass
from
discharge
Drain, plugged
Return
to suction
Flush
TI
Flush
Temperature
indicator
Quench
Quench/Drain
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEALS
PLAN 41
Description: Plan 41 is a combination of Plan 21 and Plan 31. In Plan 41, product
from pump discharge is rst put through an abrasive separator and then to the
heat exchanger before being introduced to the seal chamber.
To collection system
PLAN 51
Flush
Orifice
To seal, normally closed
Flush
Quench
Quench inlet
Drain, plugged
Gland End View
PLAN 51
Pressure transmitter
with local indicator
To collection system
Normally open
Orifice
PLAN 52
2 valve manifold
Level gauge
Level transmitter
with local indicator
5 valve manifold
Buffer
outlet
Flush
Buffer [not illustrated]
outlet
Cooling water in
Buffer liquid drain,
normally closed
Buffer inlet
Pumping ring
Buffer inlet
Gland End View
PLAN 52
Description: Plan 52 uses an external reservoir to provide buffer fluid for the outer
seal of an unpressurized dual seal arrangement. Flow is induced by a pumping
ring.
Pressure transmitter
with local indicator
Pressure source
Normally open
Orifice
PLAN 53A
2 valve manifold
Level gauge
Level transmitter
with local indicator
5 valve manifold
Barrier
outlet
Flush
(when
Specified)
Pumping ring
Barrier
outlet
Flush
Cooling water in
Barrier liquid drain,
normally closed
Barrier inlet
Note: Tangential porting
is uni-directional. Gland
illustrated is for CCW
rotation from drive end.
Barrier inlet
Gland End View
PLAN 53A
Description: Plan 53A uses an external reservoir to provide barrier fluid for a
pressurized dual seal arrangement. Reservoir pressure is produced by a gas,
usually nitrogen. Flow is induced by a pumping ring.
PLAN 53B
Temperature
indicator
(optional)
TI
Barrier
outlet
Flush
(when
specified)
Barrier
inlet
Pressure transmitter
with local indicator
2 valve manifold
Heat exchanger
Pressure indicator
(optional)
2 valve manifold
Temperature
transmitter with
local indicator
Bladder charge
connection
Flush
Barrier
outlet
Accumulator
Pumping ring
Make-up barrier liquid
fill, normally closed
Note: Tangential porting is uni-directional. Gland
illustrated is for CCW shaft rotation from drive end.
Accumulator
isolation valve
(optional)
Barrier inlet
Gland End View
Advantages: Should the loop be contaminated for any reason, the contamination is
contained within the closed circuit. The make-up system can supply barrier fluid to
multiple dual pressurized sealing systems.
General: The bladder accumulator isolates the pressurizing gas from the barrier
fluid to prevent gas entrainment. The heat exchanger can be water-cooled, finned
tubing or an air-cooled unit, based upon the system heat load.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-DualWet for additional information.
PLAN 53B
Description: Plan 53B uses an accumulator to isolate the pressurizing gas from
the barrier fluid. A heat exchanger is included in the circulation loop to cool the
barrier fluid. Flow is induced by a pumping ring.
PLAN 53C
Level transmitter
with local indicator
Cooling water
connections
Heat exchanger
Piston accumulator
Flush
(when
specified)
Pumping ring
Differential pressure
transmitter with
local indicator
Seal chamber
pressure
reference line
5 valve
Barrier
manifold outlet
Flush
TI
Barrier
outlet
Temperature
indicator (optional)
Barrier
inlet
PLAN 53C
PLAN 54
Barrier outlet
EXTERNAL
PRESSURIZED
BARRIER
SOURCE/SYSTEM
Barrier Flush,
outlet when
specified
Barrier inlet
Barrier inlet
Gland End View
PLAN 54
PLAN 55
EXTERNAL
UNPRESSURIZED
BUFFER
SOURCE/SYSTEM
Buffer outlet/
Flush [not illustrated]
Buffer
outlet
Buffer inlet
Buffer inlet
Gland End View
PLAN 55
PLAN 61
Flush
(not illustrated)
Quench inlet, plugged
Quench,
plugged
Drain
QUENCH SEALS
Description: Tapped connections for purchasers use. Typically this plan is used
when the purchaser may use a quench in the future.
PLAN 61
General: Allows the user to connect tubing to the drain port and direct leakage
to the collection point.
PLAN 62
Check
valve
Pressure indicator
Valve, normally open
Flush
(not illustrated)
Quench inlet
Drain outlet
Quench
Drain
Gland End View
QUENCH SEALS
Description: Plan 62 is a common plan to improve the environment on the
atmospheric side of single seals by quenching with steam, nitrogen or water.
The quench prevents or retards product crystallization or coking. Quenches can
also provide some cooling.
General: Typical applications; steam quench on hot services to retard coking,
nitrogen quench on cold or cryogenic service to prevent icing, or water quench
to prevent crystallization or accumulation of product on the atmosphere side of
the seal. May be used with or without a steam deflector.
For steam quenches a steam trap is recommended. A pressure indicator is
optional.
NOTE: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-Quench for additional information.
PLAN 62
PIPING
PLAN PLAN
65A
Throttle bushing
Level transmitter
with local indicator
Flush
(not illustrated)
Quench
Quench
Flanged
orifice
Flanged
connection
Drain
Gland End View
SINGLE SEAL
PLAN 65A
Description: Plan 65A is a liquid leakage detection plan normally used for single
seals. It utilizes a level transmitter on a reservoir to set off an alarm when
excess leakage is detected.
PIPING
PLAN PLAN
65B
Throttle bushing
Level transmitter
with local indicator
Flush
(not illustrated)
Quench
Flanged
connection
Quench
Valve,
normally
closed
Flanged
connection
Drain
SINGLE SEAL
PLAN 65B
Description: Plan 65B is a liquid leakage detection plan normally used for single
seals. It utilizes a level transmitter on a reservoir to set off an alarm when the
reservoir is full.
PIPING
PLAN PLAN
66A
Pressure transmitter
with local indicator
Flush
2 valve manifold
Sensing port
Quench/Drain
Flush
Drain
Gland End View
Sensing
port/
Quench
Description: Plan 66A is a leakage detection plan for single seals, commonly
applied in pipeline applications. It utilizes a pressure transmitter to monitor seal
leakage and set off an alarm when leakage becomes excessive or in the case of
seal failure.
Advantages: Utilizes a throttle bushing inboard of the drain port to restrict the
flow of excessive leakage to drain, allowing a pressure increase to be monitored
or trigger an alarm on seal failure.
General: Leakage from the drain port should be collected and piped to a liquid
recovery system or sump. Gland throttle bushings should consider the fluid
properties.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-66A-66B for additional information.
PIPING
PLAN PLAN
66A
SINGLE SEAL
PIPING
PLAN PLAN
66B
Pressure transmitter
with local indicator
Flush
2 valve manifold
Sensing port
Quench/Drain
Orifice plug
Flush
Drain
Gland End View
Sensing
port/
Quench
Description: Plan 66B is a leakage detection plan for single seals, commonly
applied in pipeline applications. It utilizes a pressure transmitter to monitor seal
leakage and set off an alarm when leakage becomes excessive or in the case of
seal failure.
Advantages: Utilizes an orifice plug in the drain port to restrict the flow of
excessive leakage to drain, allowing a pressure increase to be monitored or
trigger an alarm on seal failure.
General: Leakage from the drain port should be collected and piped to a liquid
recovery system or sump. The orifice plug should consider the fluid properties.
Note: See John Crane Technical Report TRP-66A-66B for additional
information.
PIPING
PLAN PLAN
66B
SINGLE SEAL
PIPING
PLANPLAN
71
Flush (shown
plugged)
Flush
Containment
seal
vent
shown
plugged (CSV) and containment
seal drain (CSD), plugged
CSV shown
plugged
(GBI)
plugged
Gas buffer
inlet (GBI)
plugged
CSD plugged
Gland End View
PLAN 71
PIPING
PLANPLAN
72
5
4
6
3
Gas buffer
supply inlet
Vent
System components
1 Shut off valve, norm. open
2 Coalescing filter
3 Pressure control valve
4 Flow transmitter with
local indicator
5 Pressure transmitter with
local indicator
6 2 valve manifold
7 Check valve
8 Orifice
Vent
Drain
Flush
(not illustrated)
Gas
buffer
inlet
Drain
Gland End View
PLAN 72
PIPING
PLANPLAN
74
5
4
6
3
Gas barrier
supply inlet
System components
1 Shut off valve, norm. open
2 Coalescing filter
3 Pressure control valve
4 Flow transmitter with
local indicator
5 Pressure transmitter
with local indicator
6 2 valve manifold
7 Check valve
Gas barrier
inlet
Gas barrier
inlet
PLAN 74
PLAN 75
5 valve manifold
Flush
(not
CSV,
plugged illustrated)
Drain
Drain valve,
normally closed
To liquid
collection
system
Level
gauge
Leakage
collection
reservoir
Gas
buffer
inlet,
CSD
plugged
Gland End View
PLAN 75
PLAN 76
Pressure
transmitter
with local
indicator
Vent
Flush
(when
specified)
To drain,
normally closed,
not illustrated
2 valve manifold
Containment seal vent
Flush,
not illustrated
Gas
buffer
inlet
Valve
normally
closed
Containment seal
drain, closed
Gland End View
Advantages: Lower initial and maintenance costs than dual unpressurized seals
using a Plan 52.
General: Plan 76 can be used in conjunction with a gas purge from Plan 72.
PIPING
PLANPLAN
76
PLAN 99
USE OF PLAN 99
TO BE DECIDED BY
PURCHASER OR WITH
PURCHASERS APPROVAL
General: The description and requirements of this plan must be clearly defined
in specifications outside API 682 but wherever possible, applicable requirements
should be incorporated in the new piping plan.
PLAN 99
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
Data included in this section is provided for guidance only and must not be
used for performance calculations of individual seals. Seal and material
performance can vary with application, pressure, temperature and installation.
For application specific calculations consult John Crane.
LUBRICANTS
The following lubricants are recommended by John Crane
Application
Lubricant
Note
Glycerine
Elastomeric bellows
Glycerine
Propylene Glycol
Soapy water
Apply by brush
Minimal application
by brush or hand
Dupont and Krytox are registered trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
Dow Corning is a Registered trademark of Dow Corning Corporation.
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
DRIVE SCREW TIGHTENING TORQUES
Socket Head Cup Point Set Screw (UNRC)
Size
#10
1/4"
5/16"
3/8"
7/16"
1/2"
Steel
ASTM-F912
33
78
156
273
428
615
316 SS
ASTM-A193
18
40
85
120
280
400
Size
#6
#8
#10
1/4"
5/16"
3/8"
7/16"
1/2"
5/8"
3/4"
Steel
ASTM-A574
30
55
80
180
390
700
1125
1700
3000
5500
316 SS
ASTM-A193
15
28
40
95
170
300
485
750
1270
2260
n
l
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS OF FLEXIBLE MEMBERS
PTFE / Graphite
Pure PTFE
25% Glass Filled PTFE
25% Carbon Filled PTFE
Graphite/Stainless Steel Mesh
Graphite or Cranfoil
NOTE: When using either FEP covered fluorocarbon o-rings or PTFE / Graphite seat rings, the seat
must be fitted with an anti-rotation pin.
NOTE: The limits shown are for guidance only, and do not take into account any site experience.
General value/Limit
Less than 125 m (0.005") TIR
(Total Indicator Reading)
Less than 25 m (0.001") TIR
Remarks
TIR is sometimes also referred to
as Full Indicator Movement (FIM)
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
LENGTH
From
inches
inches
feet
feet
yards
miles
in
in
To
mm
m
mm
m
m
km
mm
nm
Multiply by
25.4
0.0254
304.8
0.3048
0.9144
1.6093
2.54x10-5
25.4
From
mm
m
mm
m
m
km
mm
nm
To
inches
inches
feet
feet
yards
miles
in
in
Multiply by
0.03937
39.37
0.00328
3.281
1.0936
0.6214
39370
0.03937
To
mm2
m2
m2
hectares
km2
Multiply by
645.16
0.0929
0.8361
0.4047
2.59
From
mm2
m2
m2
hectares
km2
To
inches2
feet2
yards2
acres
miles2
Multiply by
0.00155
10.7639
1.1960
2.4711
0.3861
AREA
From
inches2
feet2
yards2
acres
miles2
PRESSURE/HEAD
From
psi
psi
psi
kg/cm2
atms.
atms.
atms.
N/m2 (Pa)
kPa
MPa
bar
psi
psi
bar
bar
kg/cm2
To
bar
kg/cm2
N/m2(Pa)
bar
psi
kg/cm2
bar
bar
bar
bar
torr(mm Hg)
ft(liquid)
m(liquid)
ft(liquid)
m(liquid)
m(liquid)
Multiply by
0.06895
0.07031
6894.757
0.09807
14.6959
1.03323
1.01325
1x10-5
0.01
10
750.0638
2.307 SG
0.703 SG
33.4552 SG
10.1972 SG
10 SG
From
bar
kg/cm2
N/m2
bar
psi
kg/cm2
bar
bar
bar
bar
torr(mm Hg)
ft(liquid)
m(liquid)
ft(liquid)
m(liquid)
m(liquid)
To
psi
psi
psi
kg/cm2
atms.
atms
atms.
N/m2
kPa
MPa
bar
psi
psi
bar
bar
kg/cm2
Multiply by
14.5038
14.2233
1.4504 x 10-4
1.01972
0.06805
0.96784
0.98692
1x105
100
0.1
0.001333
0.4335xSG
1.4223xSG
0.02989xSG
0.09806xSG
0.1xSG
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
VOLUME
From
ft3
ft3
in3
gallons(Imp)
gallons(Imp)
gallons(Imp)
gallons(US)
gallons(US)
barrels(bbl) oil
barrels(bbl) oil
barrels(bbl) oil
barrels(bbl) oil
To
m3
liters(dm3)
m3
gallons(US)
m3
liters(dm3)
m3
liters(dm3)
gallons(Imp)
gallons(US)
m3
liters(dm3)
Multiply by
0.028317
28.317
1.6387x10-5
1.20095
4.5461x10-3
4.54609
0.003785
3.7854
34.9723
42
0.1590
158.9873
From
m3
liters(dm3)
m3
gallons(US)
m3
liters
m3
liters
gallons(Imp)
gallons(US)
m3
liters(dm3)
To
ft3
ft3
in3
gallons(Imp)
gallons(Imp)
gallons(Imp)
gallons(US)
gallons(US)
barrels(bbl) oil
barrels(bbl) oil
barrels(bbl) oil
barrels(bbl) oil
Multiply by
35.3147
0.035315
61023.74
0.83267
219.9692
0.21997
264.1721
0.26417
0.028594
0.02381
6.2898
0.006290
To
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
Multiply by
4.5461
3.7854
28.3168
16.6667
0.1104
1699.01
From
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
liters/min
To
gals(Imp)/min
gals(US)/min
ft3/min
m3/hour
barrels oil/day
ft3/sec
Multiply by
0.21997
0.26417
0.03532
0.06
9.0573
5.886x10-4
Multiply by
0.4536
1016.05
907.19
1.016047
0.9072
4.4482
9.8067
9.8067
9.96402
From
kg
kg
kg
tonne
tonne
N
N
N
kN
To
lbs
tons(long)
tons(short)
tons(long)
tons(short)
lbsf
kgf
kiloponds
tonf(long)
Multiply by
2.2046
9.842x10-4
1.102x10-3
0.9842
1.1023
0.2248
0.10197
0.10197
0.10036
WEIGHT/FORCE
From
lbs
tons(long)
tons(short)
tons(long)
tons(short)
lbsf
kgf
kiloponds
tonf(long)
To
kg
kg
kg
tonne
tonne
N
N
N
kN
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
POWER
From
hp
hp(metric) also
PS, CV or ch
Btu/hr
ft.lbf/sec
To
kW
kW
Multiply by
0.7457
0.7355
From
kW
kW
To
hp
hp(metric)
Multiply by
1.34102
1.35962
kW
kW
2.9307x10-4
0.001356
kW
kW
Btu/hr
ft.lbf/sec
3412.1416
737.5622
To
N.m
N.m
N.m
N.m
Multiply by
1.3558
0.112985
0.007062
9.80665
From
N.m
N.m
N.m
N.m
To
lbf.ft
lbf.in
ozf.in
kgf.m
Multiply by
0.73756
8.85075
141.6119
0.10197
TORQUE
From
lbf.ft
lbf.in
ozf.in
kgf.m
To
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
Multiply by
16.01846
1000
119.8264
From
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
To
lbs/ft3
grms/cm3
lbs/gal(US)
SG =
141.5
API + 131.5
Degrees Baum
B = 145-
145
SG
SG =
145
45 - oB
Multiply by
0.06243
0.001
0.008345
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
VISCOSITY - DYNAMIC & KINEMATIC
Multiply by
0.001
0.001
47.8803
47880.259
1.0 x 10-6
9.2903 x 104
From
cPs
cPs
lbf.sec/ft2
lbf.sec/ft2
cSt
ft2/sec
To
N.sec/m2
Pa.sec
N.sec/m2
cPs
m2/sec
cSt
From
N.sec/m2
Pa.sec
lbf.sec/ft2
cPs
m2/sec
cSt
approximately:
To
cPs
cPs
N.sec/m2
lbf.sec/ft2
cSt
ft2/sec
Multiply by
1000
1000
0.02089
2.0885x10-5
1.0 x 106
1.0764 x 10-5
50
Viscosity - cPs
100.00
10.00
D
C
B
1.00
A
0.10
100
150
200
250
300
A
B
C
D
E
F
350
=
=
=
=
=
=
Gasoline
Kerosine
Diesel (Refinery)
Fuel #3 (Max)
Fuel #5 (Min)
Fuel #5 (Max)
Fuel #6 (Min)
G = Heavy Fuel Oil
Bunker C
H = Asphalt
400
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
SPECIFIC GRAVITY VS TEMPERATURE - PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
www.johncrane.com
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL INFORMATION
North America
United States of America
Europe
United Kingdom
Latin America
Brazil
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Singapore
Tel: 1-847-967-2400
Fax: 1-847-967-3915
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Tel: 971-481-27800
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Tel: 65-6518-1800
Fax: 65-6518-1803
If the products featured will be used in a potentially dangerous and/or hazardous process, consult your John Crane representative prior to their selection
and use. In the interest of continuous development, John Crane Companies reserve the right to alter designs and specifications without prior notice. It is
dangerous to smoke while handling products made from PTFE. Old and new PTFE products must not be incinerated. ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 Certified,
details available on request.
2016 John Crane
Revised 03/16
www.johncrane.com