Principles of Cable Sizing
Principles of Cable Sizing
Principles of Cable Sizing
New Cable
Gather data about the cable, its installation conditions, the load that
it will carry, etc
Determine the minimum cable size based on ampacity (continuous
current carrying capacity)
Determine the minimum cable size based on voltage drop
considerations
Determine the minimum cable size based on short circuit
temperature rise
Select the cable based on the highest of the sizes calculated in the
steps above
2. Data Gathering
The first step is to collate the relevant information that is required to
perform the sizing calculation. Typically, you will need to obtain the
following data:
(1) Basic cable data - the basic characteristics of the cable's physical
construction, which includes:
Insulation or cable type - e.g. PVC, XLPE, EPR (for IEC cables), TW,
THHW, XHH, etc (for NEC cables)
Number of cores - single core or multicore (e.g. 2C, 3C or 4C)
(2) Load data - the characteristics of the load that the cable will supply,
which includes:
Current flow through the cable - the higher the current flow, the
higher the voltage drop
Impedance of the conductor - the larger the impedance, the higher
the voltage drop
The impedance of the cable is a function of the cable size (cross-sectional
area) and the length of the cable. Most cable manufacturers will quote a
cable's resistance and reactance in Ohms/km or Ohms/ft.
For AC systems, the method of calculating voltage drops based on load
power factor is commonly used. Full load currents are normally used, but
if the load has high startup currents (e.g. motors), then voltage drops
area of the cable increases, it can dissipate higher fault currents for a
given temperature rise. Therefore, cables should be sized to withstand the
largest short circuit that it is expected to see.
The minimum cable size due to short circuit temperature rise is typically
calculated with an equation of the form:
Limiting TemperatureoC
PVC
75
160
EPR
90
250
XLPE
90
250
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