NORSOK STANDARD

SURFACE PREPARATION AND PROTECTIVE COATING

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

This NORSOK standard is developed by NTS with broad industry participation. Please note that
whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this standard, neither OLF nor TBL or
any of their members will assume liability for any use thereof. NTS is responsible for the
administration and publication of this standard.
Norwegian Technology Standards Institution
Oscarsgt. 20, Postbox 7072 Majorstua
N-0306 Oslo, NORWAY
Telephone: + 47 22 59 01 00 Fax: + 47 22 59 01 29
Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nts.no/norsok
Copyrights reserved
.

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

CONTENTS
FOREWORD

1 SCOPE

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

3 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

3.1 Definitions
3.2 Abbreviations

5
5
6

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General
4.2 Planning
4.3 Equipment protection and clean up
4.4 Ambient conditions
4.5 Coating materials
4.6 Steel materials
4.7 Shop primer
4.8 Unpainted surfaces
4.9 Handling and shipping of coated items
4.10 Pre-qualification of products, personnel and procedures
4.11 Metal coating

6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
8

5 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

6 SURFACE PREPARATION
6.1 Pre-blasting preparations
6.2 Blast cleaning
6.3 Final surface condition

9
9
9
9

7 PAINT APPLICATION
7.1 General
7.2 Application equipment
7.3 Application

10
10
10
10

8 THERMALLY SPRAYED METALLIC COATINGS

8.1 General
8.2 Coating materials
8.3 Application of thermally sprayed coating
8.4 Repair, field coating of pipes and coating of in-fill steel

11
11
11
11
11

9 SPRAYED ON PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

9.1 General
9.2 Materials
9.3 Application
9.4 Repairs

12
12
12
12
13

10 QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
10.1 Pre-qualification of products
10.2 Qualification of personnel
10.3 Qualification of procedures

13
13
16
17

11 INSPECTION AND TESTING

18

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M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

ANNEX A - COATING SYSTEMS

20

ANNEX B - COLOURS (INFORMATIVE)

26

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Rev. 4, December 1999

FOREWORD
NORSOK (The competitive standing of the Norwegian offshore sector) is the industry initiative to
add value, reduce cost and lead-time and remove unnecessary activities in offshore field
developments and operations.
The NORSOK standards are developed by the Norwegian petroleum industry as a part of the
NORSOK initiative and are jointly issued by OLF (The Norwegian Oil Industry Association) and
TBL (Federation of Norwegian Engineering Industries). NORSOK standards are administered by
NTS (Norwegian Technology Standards Institution).
The purpose of this industry standard is to replace the individual oil company specifications for use
in future petroleum industry developments and operations, subject to the individual company's
review and application.
The NORSOK standards make extensive references to international standards. Where relevant, the
contents of this standard will be used to provide input to the international standardisation process.
Subject to implementation into international standards, this NORSOK standard will be withdrawn.
Annex A specifies coating systems. For those coating systems which are subject to prequalification, i.e. coating systems 1, 3B, 4, 5 and 7, the specified coating system is informative. The
remaining coating systems are normative.
Annex B is informative.

INTRODUCTION
The main changes included in this revised issue of NORSOK M-501 are:
- The coating system for ballast water has been moved from coating system no. 7 to coating system
no. 3B. The requirement that the coating system shall be pre-qualified is maintained.
- Modification of the criteria for use of shop primers.
- Modification of the requirements for pre-qualification of coating systems using shop primers as an
integrated part of the final coating system.
- Modification of the requirements for pre-qualification of passive fire protection coatings.
- Modification of the requirements for pre-qualification of topcoats.
- The salt spray test in the coating system pre-qualification has been deleted.
- The condensation chamber test in the coating system pre-qualification is maintained for coating
system no. 3B only.
- Modification of method for measuring scribe creep during pre-qualification testing of coating
systems. Modifiction of acceptance criteria for scribe creep.
- The requirements for tank coating systems, coating system no. 3, have been made more specific.
Other smaller changes and modefications are also made. All changes are higlighted with revision
marks.

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SCOPE

This standard gives the requirements for the selection of coating materials, surface preparation,
application procedures and inspection for protective coatings to be applied during the construction
and installation of offshore installations and associated facilities.
This standard cover both paints, thermally sprayed metallic coatings and application of passive fire
protective coatings.
The aim of this standard is to obtain a coating system, which ensures:

Optimal protection of the installation with a minimum need for maintenance.

That the coating system is maintenance friendly.
That the coating system is application friendly.
That health, safety and environmental impacts are evaluated and documented.

This standard is not applicable to pipelines and pipeline risers.

NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The following standards include provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this NORSOK standard. Latest issue of the references shall be used unless otherwise
agreed. Other recognised standards may be used provided it can be shown that they meet or exceed
the requirements of the standards referenced below.
ASTM D823
ASTM D1141
ASTM D1650
ASTM G8
ASTM G 53
BS 5493
DIN 8566
DIN 32521
ISO 1461
ISO 1513
ISO 1514
ISO 2811
ISO 2812
ISO 2814
ISO 3251
ISO 4624

NORSOK standard

Method of producing films of uniform thickness of paint, varnish, lacquer

and related products on test panels.
Specification for substitute ocean water.
Method of sampling and testing shellac varnish.
Test method for cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings.
Recommended practice for operating light- and water-exposure apparatus
(fluorescent UV-condensation type) for exposure of non-metallic materials.
Code of practice for protection of iron and steel structures against corrosion.
Zustze fr das termische Spritzen.
Acceptance test and quality control for thermal spraying equipment.
Metallic coatings - Hot-dip galvanised coating on fabricated ferrous
products - Requirements.
Paints and varnishes - Examination and preparation samples for testing.
Paints and varnishes - Standard panels for testing.
Paints and varnishes - Determination of density.
Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to liquids.
Paints and varnishes - Comparison of contrast ratio (hiding power) of paint
of the same type and colour.
Paints and varnishes - Determination of non-volatile matters of paints,
varnishes and binders for paint and varnishes.
Paints and varnishes - Pull-off test for adhesion.

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ISO 4628
ISO 6270
ISO 7253
ISO 8501-1
ISO 8502-3
ISO 8502-6
ISO 8502-9
ISO 8503
ISO 8504-2
NACE RP0188
NORSOK M-001
NORSOK S-002
NS 476
RAL-1K
SFS 8145
SSPC Vol.2

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common type of defects.
Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humidity (continuous
condensation).
Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to neutral salt spray.
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness.
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Test for the assessment of surface cleanliness - Assessment of
dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting, pressure sensitive tape method.
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Test for the assessment of surface cleanliness - Sampling of
soluble impurities on surfaces to be painted - The Bresle method.
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Test for the assessment of surface cleanliness - Field Method for
the Conductometric Determination of Water-Soluble Salts.
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Surface roughness characteristics of blast cleaned substrates.
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Surface preparation methods - Abrasive blast cleaning.
Discontinuity (holiday) testing of protective coatings.
Material selection
Working environment
Rules for the approval of surface treatment inspectors.
Farbenbersicht.
Anticorrosive painting, surface preparation methods of blast cleaned and
shop primer coated steel substrates and preparation grades for respective
treatments.
Steel structures painting manual. SP-1 and PA-2

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

3.1

Definitions

Can

Can-requirements are conditional and indicate possibility open to the user

of the standard.
Feathered
A gradual taper in thickness from a coated surface to an uncoated surface.
Generic type
Coatings with the same type of binder and active filler (e.g. zinc). Used
in this document for shop primers.
Holiday
A discontinuity in a coating, which exhibits electrical conductivity, when
exposed to a specific voltage.
Informative references Shall mean informative in the application of NORSOK standards.
May
May indicate a course of action that is permissible within the limits of the
standard (a permission).
Normative references Shall mean normative in the application of NORSOK standards.

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Shall

Shall is an absolute requirement which shall be followed strictly in order

to conform to the standard.

Shop primer

A thin protective coating normally applied for protection during transport

and storage.
Should is a recommendation. Alternative solutions having the same
functionality and quality are acceptable.
A supplementary coat applied to ensure adequate protection of critical
areas like edges, welds etc.

Should
Stripe Coat
3.2

Abbreviations

MDFT
NDFT
RAL

Minimum dry film thickness.

Nominal dry film thickness.
Colour definitions issued by RAL, Deutsches Institut fr Gtesicherung und
Kennzeichnung e.V.
Steel Structures Painting Council.

SSPC

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1
General
Selection of coating systems and application procedures shall be made with due consideration to
conditions during fabrication, installation and service of the installation.
4.2
Planning
All activities shall be fully incorporated in the fabrication plan.
Details of management, inspectors, operators, facilities, equipment and qualified procedures shall be
established and documented before commencing work.
Steel surfaces shall be blast cleaned and coated, i.e. metal sprayed or coated with primer and the
succeeding coat of the applicable system, prior to installation.
4.3
Equipment protection and clean up
All equipment and structures shall be fully protected from mechanical damages, ingress of abrasives
and dust from blast cleaning. Sags, droplets and paint over-spray (incl. dry-spray) shall be avoided.
Adjacent areas not to be painted or already finished shall be protected. On completion of the work
in any area, all masking materials, spent abrasives, equipment etc. shall be removed.
4.4
Ambient conditions
No final blast-cleaning or coating application shall be done if the relative humidity is more than
85% and when the steel temperature is less than 3oC above the dew point. Coating shall only be
applied or cured at ambient and steel temperatures above 0 oC.
The coating manufacturer shall specify the maximum and minimum application and curing
temperature and other relevant limitations regarding application and curing conditions for each
product in any coating system.
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4.5
Coating materials
The selected coating materials shall be suitable for the intended use and shall be selected after an
evaluation of all relevant aspects such as:

Corrosion protective properties.

Requirements to health, safety and environment.
Properties related to application conditions, equipment and personnel.
Availability and economics of coating materials.

All coating materials and solvents shall be stored in the original container bearing the
manufacturer's label and instructions. Each product shall have a batch number showing year and
month of manufacture and giving full traceability of production. Shelf life shall be included in the
technical data sheet.
Applicable coating systems are tabulated in Annex A. For those coating systems which are subject
to pre-qualification, i.e. coating systems 1, 3B, 4, 5 and 7, the specified coating systems are
examples, and alternative coating systems may be used if the requirements of this document are
fulfilled. All systems shall be compatible with respect to over-coating and maintenance.
Topcoat colours should be in accordance with Annex B. Light colours shall be used in ballast and
fresh water tanks.
4.6
Steel materials
Steel subject to surface preparation on site shall as a minimum requirement be in accordance with
rust-grade B according to ISO 8501-1. Shop primers shall be regarded as temporary corrosion
protection and shall be removed prior to the application of the coating systems herein unless the
requirements in clause 4.7 are fulfilled.
4.7
Shop primer
If a shop primer is considered left on the surface to form an integrated part of the final coating
system, it shall be applied in accordance with the following requirements:

Blast cleaning shall comply with ISO 8501-1 Sa 2 and the surface shall remain at Sa 2 until
application of the primer. The primer shall consist of 1 coat zinc ethyl silicate primer with 15m
thickness. Measured on a plane polished steel or glass test plate, the dry film thickness shall be
maximum 25m.

Use of shop primer as an integrated part of the final coating system, can only be considered for
coating system no. 1, 3B, 4, 5, 7 and 8. For coating systems 1, 3B, 4, 5 and 7, the pre-qualification
requirements in clause 10.1 Pre-qualifications of products shall apply.
Areas with intact shop primer shall be sweep blasted to minimum lightly in accordance with the
SFS 8145, table 1 prior to application of the final coating system. All other areas shall be treated in
accordance with the requirements for bare steel.

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4.8
Unpainted surfaces
The following items shall not be coated unless otherwise specified:
Aluminium, titanium, uninsulated stainless steel, chrome plated, nickel plated, copper, brass,
lead, plastic or similar.
Jacketing materials on insulated surfaces.
If stainless steel is connected to carbon steel, the stainless steel part shall be coated 50 mm beyond
the weld zone onto the stainless steel. For piping and pressure vessels, the coating for the stainless
steel part shall not contain metallic zinc.
4.9
Handling and shipping of coated items
Coated items shall be carefully handled to avoid damage to coated surfaces. No handling shall be
performed before the coating system is cured to an acceptable level. Packing, handling and storage
facilities shall be of non-metallic type.
4.10
Pre-qualification of products, personnel and procedures
Pre-qualification requirements as described in clause 10 of this document shall be fulfilled and
documented prior to commencement of any work in accordance with this document.
4.11
Metal coating
Hot-dip galvanising shall be in accordance with ISO 1461. Hot-dip galvanised items, except
bolts/nuts and gratings, shall normally be painted (ref. coating system 6).
Metal spraying shall be in accordance with the requirements in this document.

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

The following documentation shall be provided and used when evaluating coating systems:
Chemical name of organic solvent, OAR number (Occupational Air Requirements) according to
Norwegian regulations and VOC content (Volatile Organic Components g/l).
Percentage of low molecular epoxy (molecular weight < 700).
Content of hazardous substances. Ref. NORSOK S-002.
Specification of hazardous thermal degradation components.
Combustibility.
Special handling precautions and personal protection.
All coating products shall as a minimum be in accordance with relevant Norwegian regulatory
requirements regardless of where the coating operation takes place.
Content of quartz and heavy metals in blast cleaning media (ISO 8504-2) shall be given.

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SURFACE PREPARATION

6.1
Pre-blasting preparations
Sharp edges, fillets, corners and welds shall be rounded or smoothened by grinding
(min R = 2 mm).
Hard surface layers, e.g. resulting from flame cutting, shall be removed by grinding prior to blast
cleaning.
The surfaces shall be free from any foreign matter such as weld flux, residue, slivers, oil, grease, salt
etc. prior to blast cleaning. All surfaces should be washed with clean fresh water prior to blast
cleaning.
Any oil and grease contamination shall be removed prior to blasting operations, in accordance with
SSPC-SP-1.
Any major surface defects, particularly surface laminations or scabs detrimental to the protective
coating system shall be removed by suitable dressing. Where such defects have been revealed
during blast cleaning, and dressing has been performed, the dressed area shall be reblasted to the
specified standard. All welds shall be inspected and if necessary repaired prior to final blast cleaning
of the area. Surface pores, cavities etc. shall be removed by suitable dressing or weld repair.
6.2
Blast cleaning
Blasting abrasives shall be dry, clean and free from contaminants, which will be detrimental to the
performance of the coating.
Size of abrasive particles for blast cleaning shall be such that the prepared surface profile height
(anchor pattern profile) is in accordance with the requirements for the applicable coating system.
The surface profile shall be graded in accordance with ISO 8503.
The cleanliness of the blast cleaned surface shall be as referred to for each coating system in
accordance with ISO 8501-1.
6.3
Final surface condition
The surface to be coated shall be clean, dry, free from oil/grease, and have the specified roughness
and cleanliness until the first coat is applied.
Dust, blast abrasives etc. shall be removed from the surface after blast cleaning such that the particle
quantity and particle size do not exceed rating 2 of ISO 8502-3.
The maximum content of soluble impurities on the blasted surface as sampled using ISO 8502-6
and distilled water, shall not exceed a conductivity measured in accordance with ISO 8502-9
corresponding to a NaCl content of 20 mg/m2.

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PAINT APPLICATION

7.1
General
Contrasting colours shall be used for each coat of paint.
Hiding power of topcoat for specified colours shall be tested in accordance with ISO 2814. Contrast
ratio shall not be less than 94% at the specified topcoat thickness.
The coating manufacturer shall provide a Coating System Data Sheet (CSDS) for each coating
system to be used, containing at least the following information for each product:
Surface pre-treatment requirements.
Film thickness (max, min. and specified).
Maximum and minimum re-coating intervals at relevant temperatures.
Information on thinners to be used (quantities and type).
Coating repair system (qualified in accordance with table 10.1).
7.2
Application equipment
The method of application shall be governed by the coating manufacturer's recommendation for the
particular coating being applied.
Roller application of the first primer coat is not acceptable. When paints are applied by brush, the
brush shall be of a style and quality acceptable to the coating manufacturer. Brush application shall
be done so that a smooth coat, as uniform in thickness as possible, is obtained.
7.3
Application
For each coat, a stripe coat shall be applied by brush to all welds, corners, behind angles, edges of
beams etc. and areas not fully reachable by spray in order to obtain the specified coverage and
thickness.
Edges of existing coating shall be feathered towards the substrate prior to overcoating.
Each coat shall be applied uniformly over the entire surface. Skips, runs, sags and drips shall be
avoided. Each coat shall be free from pinholes, blisters and holidays.
Contamination of painted surfaces between coats shall be avoided. Any contamination shall be
removed.

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Rev. 4, December 1999

THERMALLY SPRAYED METALLIC COATINGS

8.1
General
Relevant requirements provided in this standard are applicable for thermally sprayed metallic
coatings. Specific requirements valid for thermally sprayed metallic coatings are provided below.
8.2
Coating materials
The materials for metal spraying shall be in accordance with the following standards:
Aluminium:
Type Al 99.5 of DIN 8566/2 or equivalent.
Aluminium alloy: Aluminium alloy with 5% Mg, DIN 8566/2 AlMg5 or equivalent.
All coating metals shall be supplied with product data sheets and quality control certificates, and be
marked with coating metal manufacturer's name, manufacturing standard, metal composition,
weight and manufacture date.
The materials for sealing the metal coating shall be in accordance with BS 5493 (1977), chapter 11,
table 4C. Type CP4, CP5 or CP6 shall be used for operating temperatures below 120C and type
CP7 above 120C operating temperature.
8.3
Application of thermally sprayed coating
Each coat shall be applied uniformly over the entire surface. The coat shall be applied in multiple
layers and shall overlap on each pass of the gun.
Equipment for application should follow guidelines given in DIN 32521.
For items that will be welded after spraying, 5-10 cm measured from the bevel area shall be left
uncoated.
The coating shall be firmly adherent. The surface after spraying shall be uniform and free of lumps,
loosely adherent spattered metal, bubbles, ash formation, defects and uncoated spots.
Before application of any further coat, any damage to the previous coat shall be repaired.
8.4
Repair, field coating of pipes and coating of in-fill steel
All requirements, including adhesion, applicable to metal spraying, shall apply.
The treating and handling of the substrate shall be done in such a manner that the product in its final
condition will have a continuous and uniform coating.
Before the metal spraying operation starts, the area 30-40 cm in distance from the weld zone shall
be sweep-blasted to ensure that all contamination is removed. The uncoated welding zone shall be
blast cleaned as specified for coating system no 2. The metal coating shall be performed according
to the requirements above, ref. 8 .3.

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SPRAYED ON PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

9.1
General
Relevant requirements provided in this standard are applicable for sprayed on passive fire
protection. Specific requirements valid for sprayed on passive fire protection are provided below.
Information regarding selection of materials, thicknesses and areas to be protected is not covered by
this document, but the passive fire protective material shall follow applicable requirements to fire
retardent properties.
9.2
Materials
The sprayed on fire protection shall be applied with wire mesh reinforcement. The wire mesh shall
be mechanically fixed to the steel substrate by studs and be properly embedded into the passive fire
protection material. The wire mesh shall be plastic coated for all types of fire protection, with the
exception of epoxy based materials for which hot dip galvanised or stainless steel wire mesh shall
be used. Alternative reinforcement and anchoring of the sprayed on fire protection may be used for
piping, tubulars, rectangulars, and minor supports or similar.
Cement based fire protection shall be externally protected with a material which retards/stops the
migration of carbon dioxide and humidity. The coating shall be accepted by the manufacturer.
Coating system no. 5 shall be used for sprayed on passive fire protection. Topcoats used on passive
fire protection shall be pre-qualified for coating system 1. The sprayed on passive fire protection
coating system without topcoat shall be pre-qualified in accordance with clause 10. During
construction, other primers/substrates than the ones used in the pre-qualification test for the passive
fire protection system may be used, provided the products are already pre-qualified in coating
system 1. Under all conditions, surface preparation, primers/substrates and topcoats are subject to
acceptance by the manufacturer of sprayed on passive fire protective coating.
The supplier of the sprayed on passive fire protection material shall document that the passive fire
protection system as applied has good properties concerning relevant rapid temperature changes
during construction and operation.
9.3
Application
Application of the sprayed on passive fire protective coating shall be in accordance with the
recommendations given by the manufacturer of the material.
Studs shall be welded to the structural members, firewalls and fire rated decks with a maximum of
300 mm centres. Attention shall be paid to areas where mesh ends on the substrate. In these areas
the maximum distance shall be 200 mm between welded studs. On highly stressed structural steel,
stud welding may not be allowed. In these areas, the studs may be glued to the substrate.
If several layers of passive fire protective coating are necessary, the material shall normally be
sprayed wet to wet.

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After the passive fire protective coating material has cured, and before application of topcoat, the
thickness of the coating shall be checked. Cores shall be drilled on a spot check basis to ensure that
the thickness is correct. The holes shall be marked and filled with fresh material immediately after
the readings.
Topcoating shall be carried out in accordance with manufacturers specification.
The surface finish shall conform to the reference sample prepared during the CPT (ref. section 10.3)
and manufacturers application guide. On horizontal surfaces and cavities, adequate water drainage
shall be ensured. Areas, which are difficult to access for spraying of passive fire protective coating,
shall to the extent possible, be boxed in before the passive fire protective coating is applied.
Adequate water shedding shall be arranged for.
9.4
Repairs
The damaged area shall be removed and the edge around the area shall be cut back to solid
materials. Adequate overlap with existing reinforcement shall be ensured. If the area is greater than
0.025 m2, the mesh shall be replaced and secured to the substrate. If the corrosion protection is
damaged, the area shall be blast cleaned to Sa 2 and new corrosion protection applied.

10

QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

10.1
Pre-qualification of products
The requirements for pre-qualification prior to use is applicable to coating system no.1 (applied on
carbon steel) and to coating systems no. 3B, 4 and 7. In addition, any sprayed on fire protective
coating to be used for outdoor or naturally ventilated areas shall be subject to pre-qualification
testing. Tests shall be carried out on 5 mm thick carbon steel panels of a type in accordance with
ISO 1514. Reference shall also be made to ASTM D 823 and ISO 1513.
The tests shall be carried out on complete coating systems and in accordance with table 10.1. If a
pre-qualified coating system no.1 is used under cement based sprayed on passive fire protection,
only the immersion/freeze/dry test shall be performed on the complete system.
Each coating product to be qualified shall be identified by the following:
1. An infrared scan (fingerprint).
2. Specific gravity of base and curing agent (ref. ISO 2811).
3. Ash content (ASTM D1650), volatile and non-volatile matters (ISO 3251) of each component.
The identification shall be carried out on the batch, which is used for the pre-qualification testing.
Pre-qualification of products shall be carried out at an independent laboratory.
In a pre-qualified coating system, the approved topcoat may substitute another pre-qualified topcoat,
provided the intermediate coating is the same and the film-thickness of the topcoats are equal.

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When a shop primer is an integrated part of coating system no.1,3B or 7, the following shall apply:
One coating system, system no. 1 or 7, shall be tested with and without the shop-primer. Both
systems must pass the test in table 10.1.
The shop primer may then be used as an integrated part of a compatible coating system which
has been pre-qualified in accordance with table 10.1 with or without shop primer.
To form an integrated part of system 4 and 5, the complete coating system with shop primer shall be
pre-qualified according to table 10.1.

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Table 10.1 Pre-qualification tests for coating materials.

Test
Condensation chamber
(System 3 B only)
Cyclic test:
Salt spray:
72h
Drying in air:
16h
UV-A 340nm
weatherometer:
80h
One cycle:
168h
Immersion/freeze/dry test
(Applicable to sprayed on
passive fire protection only)
Water immersion:
648h
Freezing, -15+2oC:
24h
Drying in air
23+2oC/50+5%
relative humidity:
168h
One cycle:
840h
Cathodic disbonding
(System 3B and 7 only)

Test Method

Duration

ISO 6270

4200h

ISO 7253
ASTM G53

Acceptance Criteria
1.

2.
25 cycles 3.
4.
168h
= 4200h 5.
6.
7.

ISO 2812-2

ASTM G8

5 cycles
840h

Corrosion creep from scribe: less than 3.0 mm (not

applicable for the ISO 6270 test)
Blistering (ISO 4628-2): Rating 0
Chalking (ISO 4628-6): Max. rating 2
Rusting (ISO 4628-3): Rating 0
Cracking (ISO 4628-4): Rating 0
Adhesion (ISO 4624):
Min 5.0MPa and max. 50% reduction from original
value.
Overcoatable without mechanical treatment obtaining
minimum adhesion of 5MPa. (Applicable for the
cyclic and immersion tests only).

= 4200h

For the sprayed on passive fire protection system, water

absorption after complete immersion/freeze/dry test shall
be reported

30 days

Max. disbonding 10 mm

Notes:
1. Adhesion: Adhesion testing shall be performed by using equipment with an automatic centred pulling force. For
coating system 4, adhesion testing may be conducted on coating without non-skid aggregates on test panels not
exposed to the above test environments. For sprayed on passive fire protection, adhesion shall be read as cohesion.
Min 2.0 MPa for cement based products and min 3.0 MPa for epoxy based products. For both product types, max.
50 % reduction from original value is acceptable.
2. For all tests, 3 parallel test specimens shall be used. Minimum 2 parallels shall fulfil the requirements.
3. In the cyclic test, the electrolyte shall be synthetic seawater in accordance with ASTM D1141.
4. For the cyclic and immersion/freeze/dry tests, the scratch line shall be horizontal and have the following
dimensions: minimum 50 mm long, minimum 2 mm wide and down to bare metal. Corrosion creep shall be
calculated from the average of 9 measurements of the maximum width of the corrosion across the scribe. The
maximum width is measured in the middle of the scribe, and in four points on each side of the middle, 5mm
between each point. Corrosion creep M = (C-W)/2, where C is the average of the 9 maximum widths of corrosion
across the scribe, and W is the original width of scribe.
5. For coating system 7, corrosion creep, as measured in accordance with note 4, shall be less than 8 mm in the Cyclic
test for areas below splash zone.
6. For coating system 3B, 4,5 and 7, the criteria for chalking is not applicable.
7. All coating film thickness readings on the test plates shall be within + 20% of specified dry film thickness.
8. The thickness of the passive fire protection system to be tested shall be 6 mm. Tests shall be performed on material
without reinforcement.
9. Use of UV-B light in the weatherometer test is acceptable as an option to UV-A.
10. Testing of system 5 shall be carried out without topcoat
11. For coating systems for the splash zone area, the requirements both for system 1 and 7 shall be fulfilled

NORSOK standard

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Surface preparation and protective coating

10.2

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

Qualification of personnel

10.2.1 Qualification of paint operators

Operators shall be qualified to tradesman level as blast-cleaner, painter, applicator etc. The
personnel shall have relevant knowledge of health and safety hazard, use of protection equipment,
coating materials, mixing and thinning of coatings, coating pot-life, surface requirements etc.
If not qualified to tradesman level, personnel shall carry out a test in accordance with the Coating
procedure specification for coating system no 1. The test shall be supervised by a qualified
supervisor and inspected and accepted by qualified QC personnel. A test certificate shall be issued.
The test shall be carried out on a test panel (minimum 1 x 1 m) containing at least 1 pipe-end, 2
pipes, 1 angle and 1 flat bar. Alternatively a location providing similar geometrical complexity on
the component to be coated may be used.
The acceptance criteria are the requirements to the coating system described in this standard.
Variation in the film thickness shall be within the limits described in the Coating system data sheet
as supplied by the coating manufacturer. Operators failing to meet the requirements shall not be
allowed to carry out work in accordance with this standard.
10.2.2 Qualification of metal spray operators
Prior to commencement of work in accordance with this document, the operator shall pass the prequalification test described in table 10.2. The results from the qualification test specified below are
valid for maximum 12 months without regular coating work.
Table 10.2 Qualification of metal spraying.
Test
Visual examination of coating
All test panels shall be examined without
magnification and with 10X magnification.
Film thickness and shape test (Note 2)
SSPC-PA 2
Adhesion (Note 3)
ISO 4624. All test panels shall be tested.
Examination of the test specimens shall be conducted
after rupture to determine the cause of failure.

Acceptance criteria

Ref. 8.3.
Minimum 200m on all specimen surfaces
No single measurement less than 9.0MPa.
Re-testing is required if the failure occurred at the
adhesive/coating interface.
Test equipment with an automatic centred pulling
force shall be used.

Notes
1. General: Test materials shall be of a comparable grade to be used in production. The coating shall be
applied in accordance with this document and the proposed procedure.
2. Specimens for shape test: One specimen shall be cut from a 1500 mm long "T", "I" or "H" shaped profile
with approximate dimensions 750 by 750 by 13 mm. Another specimen shall be cut from a 1500 mm long
50 mm diameter pipe.
3. Specimens for adhesion test: Five specimens for the adhesion test shall be prepared according to the
requirements of ISO 4624 using minimum 5 mm thick plates.

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Page 16 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

10.2.3 Qualification of passive fire protection operators

Operators, including pump machine operator, shall be qualified, trained and certified according to
the manufacturers procedures.
Before any stud welding, the welders and the procedures to be used shall be qualified in accordance
with the coating manufacturers procedures.
If the operators or stud welders have not been working with the type of application or material
within a period of 12 months, the applicator shall document that necessary supplementary training
have been given before start of any work.
10.2.4 Qualification of supervisors, foremen and QC personnel
Personnel carrying out inspection or verification shall be qualified in accordance with NS 476
(inspector level), Certified NACE Coating Inspector or equivalent.
Assistant Inspectors according to NS 476 may carry out the inspection work under the supervision
of an inspector.
Supervisors and foremen shall be qualified to tradesman level and should be qualified as inspector
in accordance with NS 476, NACE or equivalent.
Supervisors, foremen or QC personnel involved in application of passive fire protection shall in
addition, be trained and certified according to the procedures of the manufacturer of the passive fire
protective material.
10.3
Qualification of procedures
Coating Procedure Specification (CPS)
A detailed CPS based on the requirements of this standard shall be established. The CPS shall
contain the following:
Identification of equipment for surface preparation and application.
Information given on Coating System Data Sheet.
Personal protective equipment to be used.
Safety data sheets for each product.
Product data sheets.
For the sprayed on passive fire protection, the CPS shall, in addition, contain information regarding
maximum allowable time between application of the different layers, method and frequency of
measuring thicknesses, location of the reinforcement related to the different thicknesses and
restrictions for use of solvents.
The qualified CPS shall be followed during all coating work.
The following changes in the coating application parameters requires the CPS to be re-qualified:
Any change of coating material.
Change of method and equipment for surface preparation and coating application.

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Page 17 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

Coating Procedure Test (CPT)

A CPT shall be used to qualify all coating procedures. A test panel (ref. 10.2.1 or 10.2.2 as
applicable), alternatively a suitable location on the component to be coated, may be selected on
which the CPT shall be carried out.
The coating procedures shall be qualified under realistic conditions likely to be present during
coating application.
If the shop primer is intended to form an integrated part of the final coating system, and the
requirements of clause 4.7 and 10.1 are fulfilled, the CPT shall be conducted on shop primed steel
sweep blasted to grade lightly or more in accordance with SFS8145 and on steel blast cleaned to the
agreed standard for steel without shop primer.
Inspection and testing requirements for the CPT, including acceptance criteria, shall be as given in
clause 11. For metal spray, additional acceptance criteria provided in table 10.2 shall also apply.
Curing time prior to carry out the adhesion test shall be according to time for fully cured in coating
suppliers data sheet.
For sprayed on passive fire protection, the CPT shall be performed on an area accepted by the
parties involved. The area shall be clearly marked, and will serve as a reference area throughout the
project. The application of the fire protection shall comply with the applicable procedures, and be
subject to approval by the parties involved. The surface finish on the CPT area, and quality of the
work, shall be used as a reference with respect to the quality of the work to be done during further
production work.

11

INSPECTION AND TESTING

Testing and inspection shall be carried out in accordance with table 11.1. Surfaces shall be
accessible until final inspection is carried out.

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Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

Table 11.1 Inspection and testing.

Test type

Method

Frequency

Environmental
conditions

Ambient and steel

temperature. Relative
humidity. Dew point

Before start of
each shift +
In accordance with
minimum twice per specified requirements
shift.

No blasting or coating

Visual
examination

Visual for sharp edges

weld spatter slivers,
rustgrade, etc.

100% of all
surfaces

No defects, ref.
specified requirements

Defects to be repaired

a) ISO 8501-1

a) 100% visual of
all surfaces

a) In accordance with
specified requirements
b) Max. quantity and
size rating 2

a) Reblasting,
b) Recleaning and
retesting until
acceptable

Spot checks

Max conductivity
corresponding to
20mg/m2 NaCl.

Recleaning and
retesting until
acceptable

Cleanliness

b) ISO 8502-3

Salt test

ISO 8502-6 and

ISO 8502-9

b) Spot checks

Acceptance criteria

Consequence

Roughness

Comparator or Stylus
Instrument (ISO 8503)

Each component
or once per 10m2

As specified.

Reblasting

Visual
Examination of
coating

Visual to determine:
curing, contamination,
solvent retention,
pinholes/popping,
sagging, surface defects

100% of surface
after each coat.

According to specified
requirements

Repair of defects

Holiday
detection

NACE RP0188 Voltage, As per system

ref. table 1
specification

No holidays

Repair and retesting.

Film thickness

SSPC-PA 2 calibration
on smooth surface

SSPC-PA 2

SSPC-PA 2 and
Coating system data
sheet.

Repair, additional
coats or recoating as
appropriate.

Adhesion

ISO 4624 using

equipment with an
automatic centred
pulling force, and
carried out when system
are fully cured

Spot checks

Ref. notes below.

Coating to be rejected

NOTES:
1.
2.
3.
4.

For system no 2, adhesion during qualification shall be minimum 9.0MPa. Adhesion measured during
production shall be minimum 7.0MPa for any single measurement.
For system 3A, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F and 3G, max. 30% reduction from the CPT is acceptable. Absolute minimum
value is 5 MPa.
For sprayed on passive fire protection, max. 50 % reduction from CPT value read as cohesion is acceptable.
Absolute minimum values are 2.0 MPa for cement based products and 5.0 MPa for epoxy based products.
For the remaining coating systems, 50% reduction of average adhesion value from the CPT is acceptable as
minimum adhesion during production coating. Absolute minimum value is 5 MPa.

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Page 19 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

ANNEX A - COATING SYSTEMS

COATING SYSTEM NO. 1 (Shall be pre-qualified)
Application (if not specified
Surface preparation
under others)
Carbon steel with operating
temperature < 120 C

Coating system (example)

NDFT
(m)

Cleanliness: ISO 8501 Sa 2 1 coat zinc rich epoxy:

60

-Structural steel

Roughness: ISO 8503

1 coat two component epoxy:

200

-Exteriors of equipment,
vessels, piping & valves (not
insulated)

Grade Fine to Medium G

(30-85 m, Ry5)

1 coat top coat:

75

MDFT (m):

335

GENERAL NOTES:
1. If the epoxy is not applied immediately after the primer has cured, or if the primer is exposed to humid or
outdoor conditions prior to application of the epoxy, a tie-coat shall be applied on top of the zinc rich epoxy
primer immediately after the primer has cured.
2. A non-skid aggregate shall be added to the intermediate coat when this coating system is used for deck areas.
3. In ventilated and heated rooms, the topcoat may be omitted.
4. The 200 m epoxy may be applied as 2x100 m.
5. Chalking rating 1 (table 10.1) or better should be preferred for externally exposed surfaces.
6. For the splash zone area, the system shall also fulfil the pre-qualification requirements for system 7.

COATING SYSTEM NO. 2

Application (if not specified
under others)
Carbon steel:
-Operating temperature > 120C.
-All insulated surfaces of tanks,
vessels, piping.
-Flare booms.
Underside of bottom deck,
included piping, jacket above
splash zone, crane booms, lifeboat
stations are optional areas (to be
decided in each project).
GENERAL NOTES:
1.
2.
3.

Surface preparation
Cleanliness:
ISO 8501 Sa 2
Roughness:
ISO 8503
Grade Medium G
(50 - 85 m, Ry5)

Coating system

Thickness
(m)

Thermally sprayed
aluminium or alloys of
aluminium.

Minimum

Sealer

200 m
Ref. notes below.

All metallised surfaces shall be sealed by an adequate sealer in accordance with British Standard BS 5493
(1977), chapter 11, table 4C. CP4, CP 5 or CP6 below 120C and CP7 above 120C operating temperature.
For items that will be welded after coating, 30-40 cm measured from the bevel area shall be left without sealer
coat.
For insulated surfaces of tanks, vessels, piping and equipment operating at temperatures <120oC, 2 coats of
immersion grade epoxy phenolic; each 150 m NDFT may be applied as an alternative. MDFT shall be 300 m.
Surface preparation shall be as defined above.

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Page 20 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

COATING SYSTEM NO. 3 (system 3B shall be pre-qualified)

Application (if not specified under
others)
Internal surface of carbon steel vessels
3A Potable water tanks
3B Ballast water tanks/internal seawater
filled compartments
3C Tanks for stabilised crude, diesel
and condensate
3D Process vessels < 3 Barg, < 75oC
3E Process vessels < 70 Barg , < 80oC
3F Process vessels <30 Barg , < 130oC

Surface preparation
System 3A:
Cleanliness: ISO 8501 Sa
2Roughness: ISO 8503
Grade Medium G (50 - 85 m, Ry5)
System 3B:
According to pre-qualification
Other systems:
As for system 3A or
according to coating manufacturers
recommendation.

Coating system (example)

Lining materials for carbon steel vessels are

subject to special evaluation, and shall
always be approved by the purchaser.
As a minimum the following shall be
evaluated:

Medium
Operating temperature
Operating pressure
Experience with product
Properties w.r.t explosive
decompression

3G Vessels for storage of Methanol,

MEG etc.

GENERAL NOTES
1. 100% holiday inspection in accordance with NACE RP0188 (table 1) is required for all tanks, except for system
3B and 3C where the tank tops and upper 1 m of walls shall be inspected. System 3G shall not be holiday tested
2. Adhesion test shall be carried out on separate test plates, minimum adhesion values in accordance with ISO
4624 shall be 5.0MPa when using automatically centred test equipment.
3. When solvent based coating is used, the maximum coating thickness given on the paint manufacturers technical
data sheet shall not be exceeded.
4. External of lined vessel shall be marked clearly in black letters: LINED VESSEL, NO HOT WORK
SPECIFIC NOTES:
System 3A:
1. All products used internally in potable water tanks and fresh water tanks shall be approved for such use by the
Norwegian health authorities
2. Internal lining to be applied in minimum three (3) coats each 100 m when solvent based epoxy is used
3. Internal lining to be applied in minimum two (2) coats each 300 m when solvent free epoxy is used.
System 3B:
Internal lining to be applied in minimum two (2) coats
System 3C:
System to be applied to the flat bottoms and lower 1m of walls, and to the roofs and upper 1 m of walls
System 3D:
1. 2-component solvent free or solvent based epoxy is recommended
2. The coating should be cured as close to operating temperature as possible
System 3E:
2-component solvent based or solvent free epoxy or modified novolac epoxy is recommended.
System 3F:
2-component solvent free novolac epoxy is recommended.
System 3G:
Zinc ethyl silicate to be used NFDT 50 - 90 m, or in accordance with manufacturers technical data sheet

NORSOK standard

Page 21 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

COATING SYSTEM NO. 4 (shall be pre-qualified)

Application (if not specified
under others)

Surface preparation

Coating system (example)

NDFT (m)

Cleanliness:
Walkways, escape routes and lay
ISO 8501 Sa 2
down areas.
Coating system 1 may be used
on other deck areas.

Roughness:
ISO 8503
Grade Medium G
(50 - 85 m, Ry5)

Non skid epoxy screed.

3000

GENERAL NOTES:
1.

Light colour non-skid aggregates shall be used.

2.

Particle size of non-skid aggregate to be 1 - 5 mm.

3.

Aggregates shall have a uniform spread

4.

Coating systems for escape route and lay down areas shall have adequate properties related to water absorption,
impact resistance, coefficient of friction, hardness and flexibility.

COATING SYSTEM NO. 5A (Shall be qualified)

Application (if not specified
under others)

Surface preparation

Coating system (example)

NDFT (m)

Under epoxy based fire

protection.

Cleanliness:
ISO 8501 Sa 2

I) 1 coat epoxy primer:

50

Roughness:
ISO 8503
Grade Fine to Medium G
(30 - 85 m, Ry5)

II) 1 coat zinc rich epoxy:

60

1 x epoxy tie coat:

25

MDFT (m):

85

or

GENERAL NOTES:
1.

Stud welding shall be done before final blast cleaning.

2.

If the passive fire protection material is not applied immediately after the primer has cured, or if the primer is
exposed to humid or outdoor conditions prior to application of the passive fire protection material, coating
alternative II) shall be used.

3.

Coating system no 2 may be used as substrate for epoxy based passive fire protection, provided this is approved
by the manufacturer of the passive fire protection coating.

4.

The coating system and products shall be approved by the manufacturer of the passive fire protection coating.

5.

Top-coating on top of the passive fire protection shall be in accordance with the passive fire protection
manufacturers recommendation.

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Page 22 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

COATING SYSTEM NO. 5B (Shall be qualified)

Application (if not specified
under others)

Surface preparation

Coating system (example)

NDFT (m)

Under cement based fire

protection.

Cleanliness:
ISO 8501 Sa 2

1 coat zinc rich epoxy:

60

1 coat two component epoxy:

200

MDFT (m):

260

Roughness: ISO 8503

Grade Fine to Medium G
(30 - 85 m, Ry5)
GENERAL NOTES:
1.

Stud welding shall be done before final blast cleaning.

2.

If the epoxy is not applied immediately after the primer has cured, or if the primer is exposed to humid or
outdoor conditions prior to application of the epoxy, a tie-coat shall be applied on top of the zinc rich epoxy
primer immediately after the primer has cured.

3.

The 200 m epoxy may be applied as 2x100 m.

4.

The coating system and products shall be approved by the manufacturer of the passive fire protection coating.

5.

Top-coating on top of the passive fire protection shall be in accordance with the passive fire protection
manufacturers recommendation.

COATING SYSTEM NO. 6

Application (if not specified
under others)
Uninsulated stainless steel when
painting is required.
Aluminium when painting is
required.
Galvanised steel.

Surface preparation

Coating system

NDFT (m)

Sweep blasting with nonmetallic and chloride free

abrasive to obtain anchor
profile of approximately
25-45 m

1 coat epoxy primer:

50

1 coat two component epoxy:

100

1 coat top coat:

75

Cleaning with alkaline

detergent followed by
hosing with fresh water

MDFT (m):

225

2 coats immersion grade epoxy

phenolic:

2 x 125

Insulated stainless steel piping and Sweep blasting with nonvessels at temperatures < 120oC metallic and chloride free
abrasive to obtain anchor
profile of approximately
25-45 m

250

MDFT (m):

GENERAL NOTES:
1.

Coatings not to contain zinc.

2.

6Mo and 25Cr duplex stainless steel valves may be left uncoated. When such valves are welded into the piping
system, the coating shall cover the weld zone and an additional 40 mm of the valve.

3.

When coating stainless steel with operating temperatures above 120C, 30 m (NDFT) of a high temperature
modified silicone paint suitable for the operating temperatures shall be used.
Aluminium handrails located in living quarter shall be anodised.

4.

NORSOK standard

Page 23 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

COATING SYSTEM NO. 7 (Shall be qualified)

Application (if not specified under
others)
Submerged carbon steel and carbon
steel in the splash zone.

Surface preparation

Coating system (example)

NDFT (m)

Cleanliness:
ISO 8501 Sa 2

1 coat two component epoxy:

225

1 coat two component epoxy :

225

MDFT (m):

450

Roughness:
ISO 8503
Grade Medium G
(50 - 85 m, Ry5)

Submerged stainless steel and

stainless steel in the splash zone.

GENERAL NOTES:
1.

The system shall always be used in combination with cathodic protection.

2.

The system is aimed at ambient operating temperatures and maximum 50 oC.

3.

For the splash zone, corrosion allowance in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements shall always be
used in addition to the coating system (ref. M-001)

4.

Anti-fouling may be required.

5.

Piping embedded in concrete shall be corrosion coated at least 300 mm into concrete.

6.

Application using an additional number of coats with lower film thicknesses is acceptable provided each coat is
applied and cured in accordance with the coating manufacturers recommendation and provided all other
requirements in this document are fulfilled.

7.

For the splash zone area, the system shall also fulfill the pre-qualification requirements for system 1.

COATING SYSTEM NO. 8

Application (if not specified
under others)

Surface preparation

Cleanliness:
Structural carbon steel with
ISO 8501 Sa 2
operating temperature < 80 C in
internal and fully dry and
ventilated areas.

Coating system (examples)

NDFT (m)

1. 1 coat two component epoxy

150

2. Zinc rich epoxy +epoxy tie coat 60 + 25

GENERAL NOTES:
1.

This coating system shall only be used if the areas are only exposed to fully dry indoor conditions during
fabrication, intermediate storage, installation and operation. The system shall not be used on surfaces where
water condensation may occur.

2.

Reduced requirements (max 50 mg/m2) to salt on surface prior to coating is acceptable

3.

Surface preparation to minimum St 2 may be used for touch-up.

4.

Topcoat may be applied if specific colours are specified.

5.

Equipment to be installed in non-corrosive areas as defined in the first note above, for example electrical
rooms, control rooms, living quarters, etc., may normally be coated with suppliers standard coating system and
colour. All such coating systems shall be subject to written acceptance from the Purchaser.

NORSOK standard

Page 24 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

COATING SYSTEM NO. 9

Application (if not specified
under others)
Bulk supplied carbon steel
valves with operating
temperature up to 200oC.

Surface preparation

Coating system

NDFT (m)

Cleanliness:
ISO 8501 Sa 2

2 coats immersion grade epoxy

phenolic:
MDFT (m):

2 x 150
300

Roughness:
ISO 8503
Grade Medium G
(50 - 85 m, Ry5)

GENERAL NOTES:
1.

When it is possible to identify the operating conditions (temperature, insulation, exposure conditions, etc.) at
the time the order is placed, the bulk ordered valves shall be supplied coated with one of the relevant coating
systems in Annex A.

2.

Tagged items shall always be supplied coated with one of the relevant coating systems in Annex A.

NORSOK standard

Page 25 of 26

Surface preparation and protective coating

M-501
Rev. 4, December 1999

ANNEX B - COLOURS (INFORMATIVE)

The below topcoat colours should be selected:
Colour

RAL - 1K designation

White

RAL 9002 (Grauweiss)

Blue

RAL 5015 (Himmelblau)

Grey

RAL 7038 (Achalgrau)

Green

RAL 6002 (Laubgrn)

Red

RAL 3000 (Feuerrot)

Yellow

RAL 1004 (Goldgelb)

Orange

RAL 2004 (Reinorange)

Black

RAL 9017 (Verkehrsschwarz)

NORSOK standard

Page 26 of 26