SEBU7901

May 2004

Operation and
Maintenance
Manual
C11 and C13 Industrial Engines
LGK1-Up (Engine)
GLS1-Up (Engine)

i01658146

Important Safety Information

Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe
basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous
situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also
have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and
could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have
read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings
are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the Safety Alert Symbol and followed by a Signal Word such as
DANGER, WARNING or CAUTION. The Safety Alert WARNING label is shown below.

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially
presented.
Operations that may cause product damage are identified by NOTICE labels on the product and in
this publication.
Caterpillar cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard.
The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. If a tool,
procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically recommended by Caterpillar
is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others. You should also ensure that
the product will not be damaged or be made unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or
repair procedures that you choose.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that
was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,
measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can
affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you
start any job. Caterpillar dealers have the most current information available.

When replacement parts are required for this

product Caterpillar recommends using Caterpillar replacement parts or parts with equivalent
specifications including, but not limited to, physical dimensions, type, strength and material.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to premature failures, product damage, personal injury or
death.

3
Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Warranty Section
Warranty Information ............................................ 85

Foreword ................................................................. 4

Safety Section
Safety Messages .................................................... 6
General Hazard Information ................................... 7
Burn Prevention ...................................................... 9
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention ............ 10
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention ........ 12
Mounting and Dismounting ................................... 12
Before Starting Engine .......................................... 12
Engine Starting ..................................................... 13
Engine Stopping ................................................... 13
Electrical System .................................................. 13
Engine Electronics ................................................ 15

Product Information Section

General Information .............................................. 16
Model Views ......................................................... 17
Product Identification Information ........................ 20

Operation Section
Lifting and Storage ................................................ 23
Features and Controls .......................................... 24
Engine Diagnostics ............................................... 29
Engine Starting ..................................................... 36
Engine Operation .................................................. 39
Engine Stopping ................................................... 41
Cold Weather Operation ....................................... 42

Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities .................................................... 44
Maintenance Interval Schedule ............................ 47

Reference Information Section

Engine Ratings ..................................................... 87
Customer Service ................................................. 88
Reference Materials .............................................. 90

Index Section
Index ..................................................................... 94

4
Foreword

Foreword
Literature Information
This manual contains safety, operation instructions,
lubrication and maintenance information. This
manual should be stored in or near the engine area
in a literature holder or literature storage area. Read,
study and keep it with the literature and engine
information.
English is the primary language for all Caterpillar
publications. The English used facilitates translation
and consistency in electronic media delivery.
Some photographs or illustrations in this manual
show details or attachments that may be different
from your engine. Guards and covers may have
been removed for illustrative purposes. Continuing
improvement and advancement of product design
may have caused changes to your engine which are
not included in this manual. Whenever a question
arises regarding your engine, or this manual, please
consult with your Caterpillar dealer for the latest
available information.

Safety
This safety section lists basic safety precautions.
In addition, this section identifies hazardous,
warning situations. Read and understand the basic
precautions listed in the safety section before
operating or performing lubrication, maintenance and
repair on this product.

Operation
Operating techniques outlined in this manual are
basic. They assist with developing the skills and
techniques required to operate the engine more
efficiently and economically. Skill and techniques
develop as the operator gains knowledge of the
engine and its capabilities.
The operation section is a reference for operators.
Photographs and illustrations guide the operator
through procedures of inspecting, starting, operating
and stopping the engine. This section also includes a
discussion of electronic diagnostic information.

Maintenance
The maintenance section is a guide to engine care.
The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are grouped
by fuel consumption, service hours and/or calendar
time maintenance intervals. Items in the maintenance
schedule are referenced to detailed instructions that
follow.

Use fuel consumption or service hours to determine

intervals. Calendar intervals shown (daily, annually,
etc.) may be used instead of service meter intervals
if they provide more convenient schedules and
approximate the indicated service meter reading.
Recommended service should be performed at the
appropriate intervals as indicated in the Maintenance
Interval Schedule. The actual operating environment
of the engine also governs the Maintenance Interval
Schedule. Therefore, under extremely severe,
dusty, wet or freezing cold operating conditions,
more frequent lubrication and maintenance than is
specified in the Maintenance Interval Schedule may
be necessary.
The maintenance schedule items are organized for
a preventive maintenance management program. If
the preventive maintenance program is followed, a
periodic tune-up is not required. The implementation
of a preventive maintenance management program
should minimize operating costs through cost
avoidances resulting from reductions in unscheduled
downtime and failures.

Maintenance Intervals
Perform maintenance on items at multiples of the
original requirement. Each level and/or individual
items in each level should be shifted ahead or back
depending upon your specific maintenance practices,
operation and application. We recommend that
the maintenance schedules be reproduced and
displayed near the engine as a convenient reminder.
We also recommend that a maintenance record be
maintained as part of the engines permanent record.
See the section in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Maintenance Records for information
regarding documents that are generally accepted
as proof of maintenance or repair. Your authorized
Caterpillar dealer can assist you in adjusting your
maintenance schedule to meet the needs of your
operating environment.

Overhaul
Major engine overhaul details are not covered in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual except for the
interval and the maintenance items in that interval.
Major repairs are best left to trained personnel or
an authorized Caterpillar dealer. Your Caterpillar
dealer offers a variety of options regarding overhaul
programs. If you experience a major engine failure,
there are also numerous after failure overhaul options
available from your Caterpillar dealer. Consult with
your dealer for information regarding these options.

5
Foreword

California Proposition 65 Warning

Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents
are known to the State of California to cause cancer,
birth defects, and other reproductive harm.
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories
contain lead and lead compounds. Wash hands
after handling.

6
Safety Section
Safety Messages

Safety Section
i02094149

Safety Messages
SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

Illustration 1

g01068039

C11 locations of safety messages

Illustration 2
C13 locations of safety messages

There may be several specific safety messages on

your engine. The exact location and a description of
the safety messages are reviewed in this section.
Please become familiar with all safety messages.

g01068041

7
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

Ensure that all of the safety messages are legible.

Clean the safety messages or replace the safety
messages if the words cannot be read or if the
illustrations are not visible. Use a cloth, water,
and soap to clean the safety messages. Do not
use solvents, gasoline, or other harsh chemicals.
Solvents, gasoline, or harsh chemicals could loosen
the adhesive that secures the safety messages. The
safety messages that are loosened could drop off
of the engine.

i01377208

General Hazard Information

SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

Replace any safety message that is damaged or

missing. If a safety message is attached to a part
of the engine that is replaced, install a new safety
message on the replacement part. Your Caterpillar
dealer can provide new safety messages.

Universal Warning (1)

The safety messages for the universal warning are
located toward the front of the engine on both sides
of the valve cover base.

Illustration 4

g00104545

Attach a Do Not Operate warning tag or a similar

warning tag to the start switch or to the controls
before the engine is serviced or before the engine is
repaired. These warning tags (Special Instruction,
SEHS7332) are available from your Caterpillar
dealer. Attach the warning tags to the engine and to
each operator control station. When it is appropriate,
disconnect the starting controls.
Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the engine,
or around the engine when the engine is being
serviced.

Illustration 3

g00934493

Do not operate or work on this engine unless you

have read and understand the instructions and
warnings in the Operation and Maintenance Manual. Failure to follow the instructions or heed the
warnings could result in injury or death. Contact
any Caterpillar dealer for replacement manuals.
Proper care is your responsibility.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion

which may be harmful to your health. Always start the
engine and operate the engine in a well ventilated
area. If the engine is in an enclosed area, vent the
engine exhaust to the outside.
Cautiously remove the following parts. To help
prevent spraying or splashing of pressurized fluids,
hold a rag over the part that is being removed.

Filler caps
Grease fittings
Pressure taps
Breathers
Drain plugs
Use caution when cover plates are removed.
Gradually loosen, but do not remove the last two
bolts or nuts that are located at opposite ends of
the cover plate or the device. Before removing the
last two bolts or nuts, pry the cover loose in order to
relieve any spring pressure or other pressure.

8
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

When pressure air and/or pressure water is used for

cleaning, wear protective clothing, protective shoes,
and eye protection. Eye protection includes goggles
or a protective face shield.
The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes
must be below 205 kPa (30 psi). The maximum
water pressure for cleaning purposes must be below
275 kPa (40 psi).

Fluid Penetration

Illustration 5

g00702020

Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other

protective equipment, as required.

When work is performed around an engine that is

operating, wear protective devices for ears in order

to help prevent damage to hearing.

Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can snag

on controls or on other parts of the engine.

Ensure that all protective guards and all covers are

secured in place on the engine.

Never put maintenance fluids into glass containers.

Glass containers can break.

Use all cleaning solutions with care.

Report all necessary repairs.
Unless other instructions are provided, perform
the maintenance under the following conditions:

The engine is stopped. Ensure that the engine

cannot be started.

Disconnect the batteries when maintenance

is performed or when the electrical system is

serviced. Disconnect the battery ground leads.
Tape the leads in order to help prevent sparks.

Do not attempt any repairs that are not understood.

Use the proper tools. Replace any equipment that
is damaged or repair the equipment.

Pressure Air and Water

Pressurized air and/or water can cause debris
and/or hot water to be blown out. This could result in
personal injury.

Illustration 6

g00687600

Always use a board or cardboard when you check

for a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can
penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause
serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can
cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into your skin,
you must get treatment immediately. Seek treatment
from a doctor that is familiar with this type of injury.

Containing Fluid Spillage

Care must be taken in order to ensure that fluids
are contained during performance of inspection,
maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the
engine. Prepare to collect the fluid with suitable
containers before opening any compartment or
disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Tools and
Shop Products Guide for the following items:

Tools that are suitable for collecting fluids and

equipment that is suitable for collecting fluids

Tools that are suitable for containing fluids and

equipment that is suitable for containing fluids

Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.

9
Safety Section
Burn Prevention

Asbestos Information

Comply with applicable rules and regulations

for the work place. In the United States, use

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) requirements. These OSHA requirements
can be found in 29 CFR 1910.1001.

Obey environmental regulations for the disposal

of asbestos.

Stay away from areas that might have asbestos

particles in the air.

Dispose of Waste Properly

Illustration 7

g00702022

Caterpillar equipment and replacement parts that are

shipped from Caterpillar are asbestos free. Caterpillar
recommends the use of only genuine Caterpillar
replacement parts. Use the following guidelines
when you handle any replacement parts that contain
asbestos or when you handle asbestos debris.
Use caution. Avoid inhaling dust that might be
generated when you handle components that contain
asbestos fibers. Inhaling this dust can be hazardous
to your health. The components that may contain
asbestos fibers are brake pads, brake bands, lining
material, clutch plates, and some gaskets. The
asbestos that is used in these components is usually
bound in a resin or sealed in some way. Normal
handling is not hazardous unless airborne dust that
contains asbestos is generated.
If dust that may contain asbestos is present, there
are several guidelines that should be followed:

Illustration 8

g00706404

Improperly disposing of waste can threaten the

environment. Potentially harmful fluids should be
disposed of according to local regulations.
Always use leakproof containers when you drain
fluids. Do not pour waste onto the ground, down a
drain, or into any source of water.

Never use compressed air for cleaning.

i02088921

Avoid brushing materials that contain asbestos.

Burn Prevention

Avoid grinding materials that contain asbestos.

SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

Use a wet method in order to clean up asbestos

Do not touch any part of an operating engine.

Allow the engine to cool before any maintenance
is performed on the engine. Relieve all pressure in
the appropriate system before any lines, fittings or
related items are disconnected.

materials.

A vacuum cleaner that is equipped with a high

efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) can also be

used.

Use exhaust ventilation on permanent machining

jobs.

Wear an approved respirator if there is no other

way to control the dust.

Coolant
When the engine is at operating temperature, the
engine coolant is hot. The coolant is also under
pressure. The radiator and all lines to the heaters or
to the engine contain hot coolant. Any contact with
hot coolant or with steam can cause severe burns.
Allow cooling system components to cool before the
cooling system is drained.

10
Safety Section
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

Check the coolant level after the engine has stopped

and the engine has been allowed to cool. Ensure
that the filler cap is cool before removing the filler
cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch with
a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly in order
to relieve pressure.
Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can
cause personal injury. Do not allow alkali to contact
the skin, the eyes, or the mouth.

Oils
Hot oil and hot lubricating components can cause
personal injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components
to contact the skin.
If the application has a makeup tank, remove the cap
for the makeup tank after the engine has stopped.
The filler cap must be cool to the touch.

Batteries
The liquid in a battery is an electrolyte. Electrolyte is
an acid that can cause personal injury. Do not allow
electrolyte to contact the skin or the eyes.
Do not smoke while checking the battery electrolyte
levels. Batteries give off flammable fumes which can
explode.
Always wear protective glasses when you work with
batteries. Wash hands after touching batteries. The
use of gloves is recommended.
i01372254

Fire Prevention and Explosion

Prevention
SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

Flammable fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot

surfaces or onto electrical components can cause
a fire. Fire may cause personal injury and property
damage.
A flash fire may result if the covers for the engine
crankcase are removed within fifteen minutes after
an emergency shutdown.
Determine whether the engine will be operated in an
environment that allows combustible gases to be
drawn into the air inlet system. These gases could
cause the engine to overspeed. Personal injury,
property damage, or engine damage could result.
If the application involves the presence of combustible
gases, consult your Caterpillar dealer for additional
information about suitable protection devices.
Remove all flammable materials such as fuel, oil, and
debris from the engine. Do not allow any flammable
materials to accumulate on the engine.
Store fuels and lubricants in properly marked
containers away from unauthorized persons. Store
oily rags and any flammable materials in protective
containers. Do not smoke in areas that are used for
storing flammable materials.
Do not expose the engine to any flame.
Exhaust shields (if equipped) protect hot exhaust
components from oil or fuel spray in case of a line,
a tube, or a seal failure. Exhaust shields must be
installed correctly.
Do not weld on lines or tanks that contain flammable
fluids. Do not flame cut lines or tanks that contain
flammable fluid. Clean any such lines or tanks
thoroughly with a nonflammable solvent prior to
welding or flame cutting.
Wiring must be kept in good condition. All electrical
wires must be properly routed and securely attached.
Check all electrical wires daily. Repair any wires
that are loose or frayed before you operate the
engine. Clean all electrical connections and tighten
all electrical connections.
Eliminate all wiring that is unattached or unnecessary.
Do not use any wires or cables that are smaller than
the recommended gauge. Do not bypass any fuses
and/or circuit breakers.

Illustration 9

g00704000

All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures

are flammable.

Arcing or sparking could cause a fire. Secure

connections, recommended wiring, and properly
maintained battery cables will help to prevent arcing
or sparking.

11
Safety Section
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

Inspect all lines and hoses for wear or for

deterioration. The hoses must be properly routed.
The lines and hoses must have adequate support
and secure clamps. Tighten all connections to the
recommended torque. Leaks can cause fires.
Oil filters and fuel filters must be properly installed.
The filter housings must be tightened to the proper
torque.

Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open

flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do
not smoke in battery charging areas.
Never check the battery charge by placing a metal
object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter or
a hydrometer.
Improper jumper cable connections can cause
an explosion that can result in injury. Refer to
the Operation Section of this manual for specific
instructions.
Do not charge a frozen battery. This may cause an
explosion.
The batteries must be kept clean. The covers
(if equipped) must be kept on the cells. Use the
recommended cables, connections, and battery box
covers when the engine is operated.

Fire Extinguisher
Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available. Be
familiar with the operation of the fire extinguisher.
Inspect the fire extinguisher and service the fire
extinguisher regularly. Obey the recommendations
on the instruction plate.
Illustration 10

g00704059

Use caution when you are refueling an engine. Do

not smoke while you are refueling an engine. Do not
refuel an engine near open flames or sparks. Always
stop the engine before refueling.

Ether
Ether is flammable and poisonous.
Use ether in well ventilated areas. Do not smoke
while you are replacing an ether cylinder or while you
are using an ether spray.
Do not store ether cylinders in living areas or in the
engine compartment. Do not store ether cylinders
in direct sunlight or in temperatures above 49 C
(120 F). Keep ether cylinders away from open
flames or sparks.
Dispose of used ether cylinders properly. Do not
puncture an ether cylinder. Keep ether cylinders
away from unauthorized personnel.
Do not spray ether into an engine if the engine is
equipped with a thermal starting aid for cold weather
starting.

Lines, Tubes and Hoses

Do not bend high pressure lines. Do not strike high
pressure lines. Do not install any lines that are bent
or damaged.
Illustration 11

g00704135

Repair any lines that are loose or damaged. Leaks

can cause fires. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for
repair or for replacement parts.

12
Safety Section
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention

Check lines, tubes and hoses carefully. Do not use

your bare hand to check for leaks. Use a board or
cardboard to check for leaks. Tighten all connections
to the recommended torque.
Replace the parts if any of the following conditions
are present:

End fittings are damaged or leaking.

i01372247

Mounting and Dismounting

SMCS Code: 1000; 7405
Inspect the steps, the handholds, and the work area
before mounting the engine. Keep these items clean
and keep these items in good repair.
Mount the engine and dismount the engine only at
locations that have steps and/or handholds. Do not
climb on the engine, and do not jump off the engine.

Outer coverings are chafed or cut.

Wires are exposed.

Face the engine in order to mount the engine or

dismount the engine. Maintain a three-point contact
with the steps and handholds. Use two feet and one
hand or use one foot and two hands. Do not use any
controls as handholds.

Outer coverings are ballooning.

Flexible part of the hoses are kinked.
Outer covers have embedded armoring.
End fittings are displaced.
Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields
are installed correctly. During engine operation, this
will help to prevent vibration, rubbing against other
parts, and excessive heat.

Do not stand on components which cannot support

your weight. Use an adequate ladder or use a work
platform. Secure the climbing equipment so that the
equipment will not move.
Do not carry tools or supplies when you mount the
engine or when you dismount the engine. Use a hand
line to raise and lower tools or supplies.

i01359666

Crushing Prevention and

Cutting Prevention

Before Starting Engine

SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

SMCS Code: 1000

Support the component properly when work beneath

the component is performed.

Inspect the engine for potential hazards.

Unless other maintenance instructions are provided,

never attempt adjustments while the engine is
running.
Stay clear of all rotating parts and of all moving
parts. Leave the guards in place until maintenance
is performed. After the maintenance is performed,
reinstall the guards.
Keep objects away from moving fan blades. The fan
blades will throw objects or cut objects.
When objects are struck, wear protective glasses in
order to avoid injury to the eyes.
Chips or other debris may fly off objects when objects
are struck. Before objects are struck, ensure that no
one will be injured by flying debris.

i00911989

Before starting the engine, ensure that no one is on,

underneath, or close to the engine. All protective
guards and all protective covers must be installed
if the engine must be started in order to perform
service procedures. To help prevent an accident that
is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts
carefully.
Do not bypass the automatic shutoff circuits. Do not
disable the automatic shutoff circuits. The circuits are
provided in order to help prevent personal injury. The
circuits are also provided in order to help prevent
engine damage.
On the initial start-up of a new engine or an engine
that has been serviced, prepare to stop the engine
if an overspeed condition occurs. This may be
accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply to the
engine and/or shutting off the air supply to the engine.
See the Service Manual for repairs and for
adjustments.

13
Safety Section
Engine Starting

i01932295

Engine Starting
SMCS Code: 1000
If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch
or to the controls, DO NOT start the engine or move
the controls. Consult with the person that attached
the warning tag before the engine is started.

Stop the engine if an overspeed condition occurs

during the initial start-up of a new engine or an engine
that has been overhauled. This may be accomplished
by shutting off the fuel supply to the engine and/or
shutting off the air supply to the engine.
To stop an electronically controlled engine, cut the
power to the engine.
i01481981

All protective guards and all protective covers must

be installed if the engine must be started in order
to perform service procedures. To help prevent an
accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work
around the parts carefully.
Start the engine from the operators compartment or
from the engine start switch.
Always start the engine according to the procedure
that is described in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Engine Starting topic in the Operation
Section. Knowing the correct procedure will help to
prevent major damage to the engine components.
Knowing the procedure will also help to prevent
personal injury.
To ensure that the jacket water heater (if equipped)
and/or the lube oil heater (if equipped) is working
properly, check the water temperature and the oil
temperature during heater operation.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
which can be harmful to your health. Always start the
engine and operate the engine in a well ventilated
area. If the engine is started in an enclosed area,
vent the engine exhaust to the outside.
i01462046

Engine Stopping
SMCS Code: 1000
Stop the engine according to the procedure in
the Operation and Maintenance Manual, Engine
Stopping (Operation Section) in order to avoid
overheating of the engine and accelerated wear of
the engine components.
Use the Emergency Stop Button (if equipped) ONLY
in an emergency situation. Do not use the Emergency
Stop Button for normal engine stopping. After an
emergency stop, DO NOT start the engine until the
problem that caused the emergency stop has been
corrected.

Electrical System
SMCS Code: 1000; 1400
Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery
circuit cable from the battery when the charging unit
is operating. A spark can cause the combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries to ignite.
To help prevent sparks from igniting combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries, the
negative jump start cable should be connected
last from the external power source to the negative
terminal of the starting motor. If the starting motor
is not equipped with a negative terminal, connect
the jump start cable to the engine block.
Check the electrical wires daily for wires that are
loose or frayed. Tighten all loose electrical wires
before the engine is started. Repair all frayed
electrical wires before the engine is started. See
the Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific
starting instructions.

14
Safety Section
Electrical System

Grounding Practices

Illustration 13
Illustration 12
Typical example
Grounding Stud To Battery Ground

g00771448

g00771487

Typical example
Alternate Grounding Stud To Battery Ground

Proper grounding for the engine electrical system

is necessary for optimum engine performance
and reliability. Improper grounding will result in
uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and in unreliable
electrical circuit paths.
Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can result in
damage to main bearings, to crankshaft bearing
journal surfaces, and to aluminum components.
Engines that are installed without engine-to-frame
ground straps can be damaged by electrical
discharge.
To ensure that the engine and the engine electrical
systems function properly, an engine-to-frame ground
strap with a direct path to the battery must be used.
This path may be provided by way of a starting motor
ground, a starting motor ground to the frame, or a
direct engine ground to the frame.
All grounds should be tight and free of corrosion. The
engine alternator must be grounded to the negative
- battery terminal with a wire that is adequate to
handle the full charging current of the alternator.

15
Safety Section
Engine Electronics

i01563743

Engine Electronics
SMCS Code: 1000; 1400; 1900

Tampering with the electronic system installation

or the OEM wiring installation can be dangerous
and could result in personal injury or death and/or
engine damage.
This engine has a comprehensive, programmable
Engine Monitoring System. The Engine Control
Module (ECM) has the ability to monitor the engine
operating conditions. If any of the engine parameters
extend outside an allowable range, the ECM will
initiate an immediate action.
The following actions are available for engine
monitoring control: WARNING, DERATE, and
SHUTDOWN. These engine monitoring modes have
the ability to limit engine speed and/or the engine
power.
Many of the parameters that are monitored by the
ECM can be programmed for the engine monitoring
functions. The following parameters can be monitored
as a part of the Engine Monitoring System:

Operating Altitude
Engine Coolant Level
Engine Coolant Temperature
Engine Oil Pressure
Engine Speed
Fuel Temperature
Intake Manifold Air Temperature
System Voltage
The Engine Monitoring package can vary for different
engine models and different engine applications.
However, the monitoring system and the engine
monitoring control will be similar for all engines.
Note: Many of the engine control systems and display
modules that are available for Caterpillar Engines will
work in unison with the Engine Monitoring System.
Together, the two controls will provide the engine
monitoring function for the specific engine application.
Refer to the Electronic Troubleshooting Manual for
more information on the Engine Monitoring System.

16
Product Information Section
General Information

Product Information
Section
General Information
i01472899

Welding on Engines with

Electronic Controls
SMCS Code: 1000
NOTICE
Because the strength of the frame may decrease,
some manufacturers do not recommend welding onto
a chassis frame or rail. Consult the OEM of the equipment or your Caterpillar dealer regarding welding on
a chassis frame or rail.
To help avoid damage to the electronic controls,
proper welding procedures are necessary. Before
you weld on equipment with electronic controls,
observe the following precautions:
1. Turn off the engine. Place the engine control
switch in the OFF position.
2. If the engine has a battery disconnect switch, open
the switch. Otherwise, disconnect the negative -
battery cable from the battery of the equipment.
NOTICE
Do not ground the welder to electrical components
such as the ECM or sensors. Improper grounding can
cause damage to the drive train bearings, hydraulic
components, electrical components, and other components.
Clamp the ground cable from the welder to the component that will be welded. Place the clamp as close
as possible to the weld. This will help reduce the possibility of damage.
3. Clamp the ground cable from the welder to the
component that will be welded. Place the clamp
as close as possible to the weld.
4. Protect wiring harnesses from welding debris and
from spatter. Use proper welding procedures.

17
Product Information Section
Model Views

Model Views
i02094172

Model View Illustrations

SMCS Code: 1000

g00939115

Illustration 14
(1) Engine crankcase breather
(2) Lifting eyes
(3) Inlet air manifold

(4) Air compressor

(5) Engine control module (ECM)
(6) Engine oil filler

(7) Fuel priming pump

(8) Fuel transfer pump
(9) Fuel filter

g00939112

Illustration 15
(10) Low pressure turbocharger
(11) High pressure turbocharger
(12) Cooler

(13) Water temperature regulator

(14) Belt tensioner
(15) Engine oil filter

(16) Water pump

(17) Engine oil pump
(18) Vibration damper

18
Product Information Section
Model Views

i02094174

Engine Description
SMCS Code: 1000
Table 1

C11 Engine Specifications

Cylinders and Arrangement

In-line six cylinder

Bore

130 mm (5.2 inch)

Stroke

140 mm (5.5 inch)

Displacement

11.1 L (677 in3)

Firing Order

1-5-3-6-2-4

Rotation (flywheel end)

Counterclockwise

Table 2

C13 Engine Specifications

Cylinders and Arrangement

In-line six cylinder

Bore

130 mm (5.2 inch)

Stroke

157 mm (6.2 inch)

Displacement
Firing Order
Rotation (flywheel end)

12.5 L (763 in3)

1-5-3-6-2-4
Counterclockwise

The electronic engines that are covered by this

manual have the following characteristics: direct fuel
injection, electronic unit injection that is mechanically
actuated, turbocharged, and air-to-air aftercooled
(ATAAC).
The electronic engine control system provides the
following functions: electronic governing, automatic
air to fuel ratio control, torque rise shaping, injection
timing control, and system diagnostics.
An electronic governor controls the output of the unit
injectors in order to maintain the engine rpm that
is desired. The functions of the governor include a
programmable low idle and a 20 rpm to 200 rpm
governor overrun.
Very high injection pressures are produced by
electronically controlled, mechanically actuated unit
injectors. The injectors combine the pumping and the
electronic fuel metering (duration and timing) during
injection. The unit injectors accurately control smoke
limiting, white smoke, and engine acceleration rates.

There is one unit injector per cylinder. Individual unit

injectors meter the fuel. The individual unit injectors
also pump the fuel. The metering and the pumping is
done under high pressure. High injection pressures
help to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
The use of this type of unit injector provides total
electronic control of injection timing. The injection
timing varies with engine operating conditions. The
engine performance is optimized in the following
areas:

Starting
Emissions
Noise
Fuel consumption
The timing advance is achieved through precise
control of the injector firing. Engine speed is
controlled by adjusting the firing duration. The
information is provided to the Electronic Control
Module (ECM) by a engine speed/timing sensor. The
information is for detection of cylinder position and
engine speed.
The engines have built-in diagnostics in order to
ensure that all of the components are functioning
and operating properly. In the event of a system
component deviation from the programmed limits,
the operator will be alerted to the condition by a
DIAGNOSTIC lamp that is mounted on the control
panel. An electronic service tool that is provided by
Caterpillar may be used to read the numerical code
of the diagnostic flash code. There are three types of
diagnostic codes: ACTIVE, LOGGED, and EVENT.
These codes are logged and stored in the ECM.
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Engine Diagnostics for additional information.
The cooling system consists of the following items:
a centrifugal pump that is driven by a gear, water
temperature regulator, an oil cooler, and a radiator
that incorporates a shunt system.
The engine lubricating oil is supplied by a gear
type pump. The engine lubricating oil is cooled and
filtered. Bypass valves provide unrestricted flow
of lubrication oil to the engine parts when the oil
viscosity is high or if either the oil cooler or the oil
filter elements (paper cartridge) become plugged.
Engine efficiency, efficiency of emission controls, and
engine performance depend on adherence to proper
operation and maintenance recommendations. This
includes the use of recommended fuels, coolants
and lubrication oils.

19
Product Information Section
Model Views

Aftermarket Products and

Caterpillar Engines
NOTICE
In order to maximize fuel system life and prevent
premature wear out from abrasive particles in the
fuel, a two micron absolute high efficiency fuel filter
is required for all Caterpillar Electronic Unit Injectors.
Caterpillar High Efficiency Fuel Filters meet these
requirements. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for the
proper part numbers.
When auxiliary devices, accessories, or consumables
(filters, additives, catalysts, etc) which are made
by other manufacturers are used on Caterpillar
products, the Caterpillar warranty is not affected
simply because of such use.
However, failures that result from the installation
or use of other manufacturers devices,
accessories, or consumables are NOT Caterpillar
defects. Therefore, the defects are NOT covered
under the Caterpillar warranty.

Welding and Caterpillar Electronic

Engines
NOTICE
Because the strength of the frame may decrease,
some manufacturers do not recommend welding onto
a chassis frame or rail. Consult the OEM of the equipment or your Caterpillar dealer regarding welding on
a chassis frame or rail.
To help avoid damage to the electronic controls,
proper welding procedures are necessary. Before
welding on a vehicle that is equipped with an
electronic engine, observe the following precautions:
1. Turn off the engine. Place the key start switch in
the OFF position.
2. If the application has a battery disconnect switch,
open the switch. Otherwise, disconnect the
negative - battery cable from the battery of the
vehicle.

NOTICE
Do not ground the welder to electrical components
such as the ECM or sensors. Improper grounding can
cause damage to the drive train bearings, hydraulic
components, electrical components, and other components.
Clamp the ground cable from the welder to the component that will be welded. Place the clamp as close
as possible to the weld. This will help reduce the possibility of damage.
3. Clamp the ground cable from the welder to the
component that will be welded. Place the clamp
as close as possible to the weld.
4. Protect wiring harnesses from welding debris and
from spatter. Use proper welding procedures.

20
Product Information Section
Product Identification Information

Product Identification
Information

Engine model _______________________________________________

Arrangement number _____________________________________
i02094175

Plate Locations and Film

Locations

Information Plate (2)

On C11 engines, the engine information plate is
located on the intake manifold near the front of the
right side of the engine.

SMCS Code: 1000

On C13 engines, the engine information plate is

located on the valve cover base near the front of the
right side of the engine.
Engine Serial Number ____________________________________
Engine Arrangement Number ___________________________
Engine Modification Number ____________________________
The engine identification plate also contains other
important information about the engine.
i01892045

Reference Numbers
SMCS Code: 1000
Information for the following items may be needed to
order parts. Locate the information for your engine.
Record the information on the appropriate space.
Make a copy of this list for a record. Keep the
information for future reference.

Record for Reference

Engine Model _______________________________________________
Engine Serial No. __________________________________________
Engine Low Idle rpm ______________________________________
Engine Full Load rpm _____________________________________
Illustration 16

g01068288

Caterpillar engines are identified by serial numbers

and by arrangement numbers. These numbers are
shown on the engine serial number plate and on the
engine information plate. Caterpillar dealers need
these numbers in order to determine the components
that were included with the engine. This permits
accurate identification of replacement part numbers.

Serial Number Plate (1)

The engine serial number plate is located on the
upper left side of the engine block.
Engine serial number _____________________________________

Primary Fuel Filter No. ____________________________________

Water Separator Element No. ___________________________
Secondary Fuel Filter Element No. ____________________
Lubrication Oil Filter Element No. ______________________
Auxiliary Oil Filter Element No. _________________________
Total Lubrication System Capacity _____________________
Total Cooling System Capacity _________________________
Air Cleaner Element No. _________________________________

21
Product Information Section
Product Identification Information

Fan Drive Belt No. _________________________________________

Air/Fuel Ratio

Alternator Belt No. _________________________________________

Level 1: Minimal Smoke _______________________________

i00844066

Level 2: Optimum Performance ______________________

Emissions Certification Film

Level 3: Maximum Acceleration _____________________

SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

PTO Engine Governor

PTO Engine Speed Ramp Rate __________ rpm/sec

Engine Parameters( If applicable)

Top Engine Limit (TEL) at 100 percent

load_________________________________________________________

Illustration 17

g00284658

Torque Limit ______________________________________________

High Idle___________________________________________________

EPA Emissions Certification Film

Low Idle ___________________________________________________

Intermediate Speed ____________________________________
Engine Monitoring Mode
Equipment ID
Maintenance Indicator

Manual Hours
Auto Hours
Illustration 18

g00415538

European Emissions Certification Film

The EPA Emissions Certification Film (if equipped)

and/or the European Emissions Certification Film (if
equipped) is located on the side of the engine.

Manual Fuel
Auto Fuel
Auxiliary Pressure

High Warning Set Point ________________________________

i01517706

Customer Specified
Parameters
SMCS Code: 1000
To record programmed specifications, use the
following blanks.

Auxiliary Temperature

High Warning Set Point ________________________________

Programmable Monitoring System

(PMS)

First Password ___________________________________________

The Programmable Monitoring System determines

the level of action that is taken by the ECM in
response to a condition that can damage the engine.
These conditions are identified by the ECM from the
signals that are produced from the following sensors

Second Password ______________________________________

Inlet Air Temperature Sensor

Programmable Power Rating (hp at rpm) __________

Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor

Rating Selection (L-N) __________________________________

Engine Oil Pressure Sensor

Customer Passwords (Optional)

22
Product Information Section
Product Identification Information

Engine Speed/Timing Sensors

Fuel Pressure Sensor
Coolant Level Sensor
Table 3

Programmable Monitoring System Parameters

Parameter
High Engine
Air Inlet
Temperature
High Engine
Coolant
Temperature

Low Engine Oil

Pressure
Engine
Overspeed(2)

Time Delay in Seconds

Set Points

Default
Value

Action

ON

Warning

YES

ON

Derate

YES

ON

Warning

YES

ON

Derate

YES

OFF

Shutdown

ON

Min

Max

Default

Min

Max

Default

Disable

YES

Warning

(1)

(1)

(1)

YES

ON

Derate

(1)

(1)

(1)

YES

OFF

Shutdown

(1)

(1)

(1)

YES

ON

Warning

ON

Shutdown

YES
YES

High Fuel
Filter Pressure
Restriction

ON

Warning

(1)

OFF

Derate

(1)

(1)

(1)

YES

OFF

Shutdown

(1)

(1)

(1)

YES

High Fuel
Pressure

ON

Warning

ON

Warning

(3)

(3)

(3)

YES

ON

Derate

(3)

(3)

(3)

YES

OFF

Shutdown

(3)

(3)

(3)

YES

ON

Warning

YES

ON

Derate

YES

OFF

Shutdown

YES

Low Coolant
Level

High Fuel
Temperature
(1)
(2)

(3)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

YES

YES

(1)

Map Dependent Value

The time delay on the ET screen for the programmable monitoring system will be represented as zero 0. This is necessary because the
ET cannot display decimal numbers such as 0.6. The Warning for the engine overspeed will be activated when the engine speed has
reached the set point for the warning for 0.6 seconds.
Not Applicable

For additional information on Programmable

Monitoring System refer to Troubleshooting Manual ,
System Configuration Parameters.

23
Operation Section
Lifting and Storage

Operation Section

i02068367

Product Storage

Lifting and Storage

SMCS Code: 1000; 1404; 7002

i01988813

Product Lifting
SMCS Code: 1000; 1404; 7002

If the engine will not be started for several weeks, the

lubricating oil will drain from the cylinder walls and
from the piston rings. Rust can form on the cylinder
liner surface. Rust on the cylinder liner surface will
cause increased engine wear and a reduction in
engine service life.
To help prevent excessive engine wear, use the
following guidelines:

Complete all of the lubrication recommendations

that are listed in this Operation and Maintenance

Manual, Maintenance Interval Schedule
(Maintenance Section).

If freezing temperatures are expected, check the

cooling system for adequate protection against

freezing. See this Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations
(Maintenance Section).

Illustration 19

g00103219

NOTICE
Never bend the eyebolts and the brackets. Only load
the eyebolts and the brackets under tension. Remember that the capacity of an eyebolt is less as the angle
between the supporting members and the object becomes less than 90 degrees.
When it is necessary to remove a component at an
angle, only use a link bracket that is properly rated for
the weight.
Use a hoist to remove heavy components. Use
an adjustable lifting beam to lift the engine. All
supporting members (chains and cables) should be
parallel to each other. The chains and cables should
be perpendicular to the top of the object that is being
lifted.
Some removals require lifting the fixtures in order to
obtain proper balance and safety.
To remove the engine ONLY, use the lifting eyes that
are on the engine.
Lifting eyes are designed and installed for the specific
engine arrangement. Alterations to the lifting eyes
and/or the engine make the lifting eyes and the lifting
fixtures obsolete. If alterations are made, ensure
that proper lifting devices are provided. Consult your
Caterpillar dealer for information regarding fixtures
for proper engine lifting.

If an engine is out of operation and if use of the engine

is not planned, special precautions should be made.
If the engine will be stored for more than one month,
a complete protection procedure is recommended.
For more detailed information on engine storage, see
Special Instruction, SEHS9031, Storage Procedure
For Caterpillar Products.
Your Caterpillar dealer can assist in preparing the
engine for extended storage periods.

24
Operation Section
Features and Controls

Features and Controls

2. Reduce engine speed to low idle.

3. Check and maintain the oil level.
i02084159

Monitoring System
SMCS Code: 1900; 7400; 7402; 7450; 7451
The Monitoring System is designed to alert the
operator to an immediate problem with any of the
engine systems that are monitored. The Monitoring
System is also designed to alert the operator to an
impending problem with any of the engine systems
that are monitored.

Indicators and Gauges

Tachometer (3) This gauge indicates

engine speed (rpm). When the throttle
control lever is moved to the full throttle
position without load, the engine is running at high
idle. The engine is running at the full load rpm when
the throttle control lever is at the full throttle position
with maximum rated load.
NOTICE
To help prevent engine damage, never exceed the
high idle rpm. Overspeeding can result in serious
damage to the engine. The engine can be operated
at high idle without damage, but should never be
allowed to exceed high idle rpm.
Note: The high idle rpm and the full load rpm are
stamped on the Information Plate.
Coolant Temperature (4) When the
coolant temperature is above the normal
operating value, the coolant temperature
gauge will be in the red zone. Refer to the Messenger
display for any additional information that may be
available.
Warning Lamp (5) There is a general
fault in the engine. Refer to the Messenger
display for any additional information that
may be available.

Illustration 20

g01063079

Gauge cluster and indicators

Diagnostic Lamp (1) The diagnostic

lamp is used to indicate the existence
of a fault by flashing a fault code. For a
more detailed discussion of the diagnostic lamp,
please see this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Diagnostic Lamp topic.
Engine Oil Pressure (2) The oil pressure
should be greatest after a cold engine is
started. The pressure will decrease as
the engine warms up. The pressure will increase
when the engine rpm is increased. The pressure will
stabilize when the engine rpm is stable.
A lower oil pressure is normal at low idle. If the load
is stable and the gauge reading changes, perform
the following procedure:
1. Remove the load.

Fuel Pressure (6) This gauge indicates

fuel pressure to the fuel injection pump from
the fuel filter. A decrease in fuel pressure
usually indicates a dirty fuel filter or a plugged fuel
filter. As the fuel filter becomes plugged, there will be
a noticeable reduction in the engines performance.
System Voltage (7) This gauge indicates
the voltage of the electrical system.
Circuit Breaker (8) Reset the circuit breaker if
a circuit breaker trips. Press the button in order to
reset the circuit breaker. If the electrical system is
working properly, the button will remain pressed. If
the button does not remain pressed or if the circuit
breaker trips soon after being reset, check the
appropriate electrical circuit. Repair the electrical
circuit, if necessary.

25
Operation Section
Features and Controls

Start Switch (9) The start switch has three

positions: OFF, RUN, and START. When the start
switch is turned clockwise to the RUN position, the
lamps will flash for five seconds during the system
test. The lamps will then shut off. In the RUN position,
the ECM and electronic systems are powered up.

Caterpillar Messenger Display

Idle Speed Switch (10) When the switch

is in the up position, the engine speed
increases to HIGH IDLE. When the switch
is in the down position, the engine speed decreases
to LOW IDLE.
Maintenance Lamp (11) The ECM
records data that is related to equipment
maintenance. The ECM will activate
the maintenance indicator lamp when scheduled
maintenance is due. The maintenance indicator
lamp can be reset by actuating the maintenance
clear switch. The maintenance interval may be
based on operating hours or fuel consumption.
The ECM provides information that pertains to
maintenance intervals and the last maintenance that
was performed.
Maintenance Clear Switch (12) The
maintenance clear switch is required
to reset the maintenance lamp after
maintenance on the engine is performed.
Shutdown Switch (13) Use the engine
shutdown switch in order to stop the
engine. Push the shutdown switch in order
to put the switch in the OFF position. This will stop
the engine. After the engine stops, turn the knob
clockwise. This will reset the engine shutdown switch
to the ON position.
Service Tool Connector (14) For more information
regarding the use of Caterpillar Electronic Technician
(ET) and the PC requirements for Cat ET, refer to
the documentation that accompanies your Cat ET
software.

Illustration 21

g01063102

Digital display area (15) The Messenger system

shows information on the digital display area.
Previous button (16) Use the previous button to
return to information that was previously shown on
the digital display area.
Scroll up/left button (17) This button is used to
scroll up through information that is shown on the
display area. The button can also be used to scroll
to the left through information that is shown on the
display area.
Scroll down/right button (18) This button is used
to scroll down through information that is shown on
the display area. The button can also be used to
scroll to the right through information that is shown
on the display area.
OK button (19) Use this button to confirm
selections that you have made with the scroll up/left
button and the scroll down/right button.

Performance Display

Illustration 22
Typical performance display

g01054560

26
Operation Section
Features and Controls

The following options are available through the

performance display:

Settings Display

Engine Speed When you scroll to this option, the

display will show the engine RPM.
Engine Coolant Temperature When you scroll to
this option, the display will show the engine coolant
temperature in degrees fahrenheit or in degrees
celcius.
Fuel Level When you scroll to this option, the
display will show the amount of fuel remaining as a
percentage of a full tank.

Totals Display

Illustration 24

g01054565

Typical settings display

The following options are available through the

payload display:
MONITORING SYSTEM
Language Select this option to change the
language shown on the display.
Units Select this option to choose the desired
measurement system. The choices are metric or
english.
Illustration 23

g01054562

Typical totals display

The following information is available through the

display:
CUMULATIVE TOTALS
Service Hours When you scroll to this option, the
display shows the total amount of service hours that
the engine has accumulated.
Total Time When you scroll to this option, the
display shows the total hours for the engine ECM.
Total Fuel When you scroll to this option, the
display shows the total amount of fuel that has been
consumed.

Adjust Contrast Select this option to adjust the

contrast of the display in order to improve the visibility
of the information.
Adjust Backlight Select this option to adjust the
backlighting of the display in order to improve the
visibility of the information.
ENGINE
Equipment ID Select this option to view the
equipment identification number.
Product ID Select this option to view the product
identification number.

27
Operation Section
Features and Controls

Service Display

Coolant Flow: When you scroll to this option, the

amount of coolant flow is displayed.

Boost Pressure: When you scroll to this option,

the boost pressure is displayed.

Atmospheric Pressure: When you scroll to this

option, the atmospheric pressure is displayed.

Turbo Inlet Pressure: When you scroll to this

option, the turbo inlet pressure is displayed.

Oil Pressure (Abs): When you scroll to this option,

the absolute engine oil pressure is displayed.

Illustration 25

g01054566

Typical service display

DIANOSTICS/EVENTS
The following options are password protection. You
must enter a password to change the settings.
View Select this option to view events logged
by the monitoring system. If you use an authorized
password, you can clear individual events?
Clear All Diagnositcs If you use an authorized
password, you can select this option to clear all
logged events?
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
MONITORING SYSTEM

Battery Voltage: When you scroll to this option,

the battery voltage is diplayed.
Fuel Level: When you scroll to this option, the fuel
level is diplayed.

Alternator Status: When you scroll to this option,

the alternator status is diplayed.

Engine Speed: When you scroll to this option, the

engine RPM is displayed.

Desired Engine Speed: When you scroll to this

option, the desired engine speed is displayed.
This parameter is used by the Automatic Retarder
Control to prevent the engine from overspeeding. If
you have an approved password, you can change
this parameter.

Oil Pressure: When you scroll to this option, the

gauge engine oil pressure is displayed.

Fuel Temperature: When you scroll to this option,

the fuel temperature is displayed.

SYSTEMS TESTS
SYSTEM SELF TEST
If you select this option, the monitoring system will
initiaite the self-test feature. The self test feature is
similar to the functional test that occurs when you
turn the start switch from the OFF position to the ON
position.
SYSTEM INFORMATION
MONITORING SYSTEM

Software Part Number: When you scroll to this

option, the software part number is displayed.

ECM Part Number: When you scroll to this option,

the ECM part number is displayed.

Software Release Date: When you scroll to this

option, the software release date is displayed.

Software Description: When you scroll to this

option, the software description is displayed.

ENGINE

ECM Serial Number: When you scroll to this

option, the ECM serial number is displayed.

Software Part Number: When you scroll to this

option, the software part number is displayed.

Throttle Position: When you scroll to this option,

Software Release Date: When you scroll to this

Coolant Temperature: When you scroll to this

Software Description: When you scroll to this

the throttle position is diplayed.

option, the coolant temperature is displayed.

option, the software release date is displayed.

option, the software description is displayed.

28
Operation Section
Features and Controls

Engine Serial Number: When you scroll to this

option, the engine serial number is displayed.

TATTLETALE

Full Tattletale Readout: When you select this

option, all indicators and gauges will display the

maximum values reached during operation.

Engine Coolant Temperature: When you select

this option, all indicators and will display the

maximum values reached during operation. The
engine coolant temperature gauge will also show
the maximum value reached during operation.

Tachometer: When you select this option, all

indicators will display the maximum values reached

during operation. The tachometer will also show
the maximum value reached during operation.

Fuel Level: When you select this option, all

indicators will display the maximum values reached

during operation. The fuel level gauge will also
show the minimum value reached during operation.

Clear: If you have an approved password, you can

clear the maximum values stored by the monitoring

system.

29
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

Engine Diagnostics

i01463253

Diagnostic Lamp
i00863835

Self-Diagnostics
SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902
The electronic control module has some
self-diagnostic ability. When an electronic problem
with an input or an output is detected, a diagnostic
code is generated. This indicates the specific problem
with the circuitry.
Diagnostic codes are also generated when an
abnormal engine operating condition is detected. For
example, a diagnostic code will be generated if the
low oil pressure alarm is activated. In this case, the
diagnostic code indicates the symptom of a problem.
This type of diagnostic code is called an event. An
event is triggered by the detection of an abnormal
engine operating condition.

SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902; 7451

The DIAGNOSTIC lamp is used to indicate the
existence of an active fault by flashing codes.
When the ignition switch is first turned on, the
DIAGNOSTIC lamp will go through the following
procedure:

The DIAGNOSTIC lamp will come on and

the DIAGNOSTIC lamp will remain on for five

seconds. This checks the operation of the lamp.

The DIAGNOSTIC lamp will turn off.

The DIAGNOSTIC lamp will come on again and
the DIAGNOSTIC lamp will flash codes for any
active diagnostic codes. Not all diagnostic codes
have a unique flash code.

A diagnostic code which represents a problem that

currently exists is called an active code.

The DIAGNOSTIC lamp will turn off for five

A diagnostic code that is stored in memory is called

a logged code. Always service active codes prior to
servicing logged codes. Logged codes may include
the following categories:

The DIAGNOSTIC lamp repeats all active

Intermittent problems

seconds.

diagnostic codes.

A fault diagnostic code will remain active until the

problem is repaired. The electronic control module
will continue flashing the flash code at five second
intervals until the problem is repaired.

Recorded events
Performance history
Logged codes may not indicate that a repair is
needed. The problems may have been repaired since
the logging of the code. Logged codes may be helpful
to troubleshoot intermittent problems.

i01581397

Diagnostic Flash Code

Retrieval
SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902

Diagnostic Lamp
Use the DIAGNOSTIC lamp or a Caterpillar
electronic service tool to determine the diagnostic
flash code. Not all diagnostic codes have a unique
flash code.
Note: Flash codes should only be used to indicate
the nature of a diagnostic condition. Do not use flash
codes to perform detailed troubleshooting.
Use the following procedure to retrieve the diagnostic
codes if the application is equipped with an engine
DIAGNOSTIC lamp:

30
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

1. The DIAGNOSTIC lamp will flash in order to

indicate a two-digit code. The sequence of flashes
represents the system diagnostic message.
Each digit of the two-digit code is determined by
counting the number of flashes. The lamp flashes
at a rate of two times per second. The lamp will
pause for one second between digits. The lamp
will pause for two seconds between codes.
2. Turn the start/run key to the ON position. The
engine does not need to be started in order to view
codes. The engine does not need to be running
while the start/run switch is in the ON position.
The DIAGNOSTIC lamp blinks on and off at five
second intervals.

When the start/run key is in the ON position, the

lamp is checked for proper operation. If there
are any active codes except for Code 34, the
codes are displayed at this time.

Note: The DIAGNOSTIC lamp will illuminate for five

seconds. The lamp will stay on if there is an active
diagnostic code.
3. Active diagnostic codes will always be flashed.
There is no toggle switch that will shut off the lamp.
Table 4 indicates the potential effect on the engine
performance with active flash codes. Table 4 also
forms a list of Electronic diagnostic codes and
descriptions.

Possible Performance Effect of

Active Diagnostic Codes
Table 4

Possible Performance Effect of Active Diagnostic Codes

Flash
Code

CID-FMI
Code

SPN-FMI
Code

Description of
Code

545-05

545-05

Ether Start Relay

open/short to
+batt

545-06

545-06

Ether Start Relay

short to ground

266-02

266-02

Incorrect Crankwithout-inject
inputs

174-03

174-03

Fuel Temperature
open/short to
+batt

174-04

174-04

Fuel Temperature
short to ground

00

12

13

Engine
Misfires

Low
Power

Reduced
Engine Speed

Engine
Shutdown

(continued)

31
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 4, contd)

Possible Performance Effect of Active Diagnostic Codes

Flash
Code

Engine
Misfires

Low
Power

Reduced
Engine Speed

Engine Coolant
Temperature
open/short to
+batt

110-04

Engine Coolant
Temperature short
to ground

91-13

91-13

Throttle Position
calibration
required

91-08

91-08

Throttle Position
signal abnormal

CID-FMI
Code

SPN-FMI
Code

Description of
Code

262-03

620-03

5 Volt Sensor DC
Power Supply
short to +batt

262-04

620-04

5 Volt Sensor DC
Power Supply
short to ground

263-03

678-03

Digital Sensor
Supply short to
+batt

263-04

678-04

Digital Sensor
Supply short to
ground

100-03

100-03

Engine Oil
Pressure
open/short to
+batt

100-04

100-04

Engine Oil
Pressure short
to ground

273-00

102-00

Turbo Outlet
Pressure above
normal

273-03

102-03

Turbo Outlet
Pressure
open/short to
+batt

273-04

102-04

Turbo Outlet
Pressure short
to ground

274-03

108-03

Atmospheric
Pressure
open/short to
+batt

274-04

108-04

Atmospheric
Pressure short
to ground

110-03

110-03

110-04

28
32

21

24

25

26

27

Engine
Shutdown

(continued)

32
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 4, contd)

Possible Performance Effect of Active Diagnostic Codes

Flash
Code

Low
Power

Reduced
Engine Speed

Engine
Shutdown

SPN-FMI
Code

320-02

190-02

Speed/Timing
Sensor Loss of
Signal

X(1)

320-11

190-11

Speed/Timing
Sensor
mechanical failure

X(1)

342-02

723-02

Loss of Secondary
Engine Speed
signal

X(1)

342-11

723-11

Secondary Engine
Speed Sensor
mechanical failure

X(1)

94-03

94-03

Fuel Pressure
open/short to
+batt

94-04

94-04

Fuel Pressure
short to ground

175-03

175-03

Engine Oil
Temperature
open/short to
+batt

175-04

175-04

Engine Oil
Temperature short
to ground

172-03

172-03

Intake Manifold Air

Temp open/short
to +batt

172-04

172-04

Intake Manifold
Air Temp short to
ground

42

261-13

228-13

Engine Timing
calibration
required

51

168-02

168-02

System Voltage
intermittent/erratic

53

254-12

Electronic Control
Module Error

34

37

38

253-02

234-02

Personality
Module mismatch

268-02

1111-02

Check
Programmable
Parameters

247-09

639-09

J1939 Data Link

communications

1-11

651-11

Injector Cylinder
#1 fault

2-11

652-11

Injector Cylinder
#2 fault

56

58

Description of
Code

Engine
Misfires

CID-FMI
Code

72

X
X

X
X(2)

(continued)

33
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 4, contd)

Possible Performance Effect of Active Diagnostic Codes

Flash
Code

Engine
Misfires

Low
Power

Injector Cylinder
#3 fault

654-11

Injector Cylinder
#4 fault

5-11

655-11

Injector Cylinder
#5 fault

6-11

656-11

Injector Cylinder
#6 fault

CID-FMI
Code

SPN-FMI
Code

3-11

653-11

4-11

73

74

(1)
(2)

Description of
Code

The engine will shut down if both speed/timing sensors are lost.
Fuel injection will not occur and the engine will not start.

Event Codes
The ECM can log events. Events refer to engine
operating conditions such as low oil pressure or high
coolant temperature. Table 5 is a cross-reference
for event codes. Logged events usually indicate a
mechanical problem instead of an electronic system
problem.

Reduced
Engine Speed

Engine
Shutdown

34
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

Table 5

i01463504

Cross-Reference for Event Codes

Flash
Codes

EID
Codes

SPN-FMI
Codes

Description of
Code

35

004

0190-16

Engine Overspeed
Shutdown

63

005

0094-15

Fuel Filter
Restriction Derate

63

006

0094-16

Fuel Filter
Restriction
Shutdown

61

015

0110-16

High Engine Coolant

Temperature Derate

61

016

0110-00

High Engine Coolant

Temperature
Shutdown

61

017

0110-15

High Engine Coolant

Temperature
Warning

64

025

0172-16

High Inlet Air

Temperature Derate

64

027

0172-15

High Inlet Air

Temperature
Warning

46

039

0100-18

Low Engine Oil

Pressure Derate

46

040

0100-01

Low Engine Oil

Pressure Shutdown

65

054

0174-16

High Fuel
Temperature Derate

65

055

0174-00

High Fuel
Temperature
Shutdown

65

056

0174-15

High Fuel
Temperature
Warning

62

057

0111-18

Low Engine Coolant

Level Derate

62

058

0111-01

Low Engine Coolant

Level Shutdown

62

059

0111-17

Low Engine Coolant

Level Warning

63

095

0094-00

Fuel Filter
Restriction Warning

63

096

0094-00

High Fuel Pressure

46

100

0100-17

Low Engine Oil

Pressure Warning

35

190

0190-00

Engine Overspeed
Warning

For further information or assistance for repairs,

consult an authorized Caterpillar dealer.

Fault Logging
SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902
The system provides the capability of Fault Logging.
When the Electronic Control Module (ECM)
generates an active diagnostic code, the code will be
logged in the memory of the ECM. The codes that
have been logged in the memory of the ECM can
be retrieved with Caterpillar electronic service tools.
The codes that have been logged can be cleared
with Caterpillar electronic service tools. The codes
that have been logged in the memory of the ECM
will be automatically cleared from the memory after
100 hours. The following faults can not be cleared
from the memory of the ECM without using a factory
password: overspeed, low engine oil pressure, and
high engine coolant temperature.
i01797045

Engine Operation with Active

Diagnostic Codes
SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902
If a diagnostic lamp illuminates during normal engine
operation, the system has identified a situation that is
not within the specification. Use Caterpillar electronic
service tools to check the active diagnostic codes.
Note: If the customer has selected DERATE and if
there is a low oil pressure condition, the Electronic
Control Module (ECM) will limit the engine power
until the problem is corrected. If the oil pressure is
within the normal range, the engine may be operated
at the rated speed and load. However, maintenance
should be performed as soon as possible.
The active diagnostic code should be investigated.
The cause of the problem should be corrected as
soon as possible. If the cause of the active diagnostic
code is repaired and there is only one active
diagnostic code, the diagnostic lamp will turn off.
Operation of the engine and performance of the
engine can be limited as a result of the active
diagnostic code that is generated. Acceleration
rates may be significantly slower. Refer to the
Troubleshooting Guide for more information on the
relationship between these active diagnostic codes
and engine performance.

35
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

i01456915

i01801152

Engine Operation with

Intermittent Diagnostic Codes

Customer Specified
Parameters

SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902

SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902

If the diagnostic lamp starts to flash codes during

normal engine operation and the diagnostic lamp
shuts off, an intermittent fault may have occurred. If
a fault has occurred, the fault will be logged into the
memory of the Electronic Control Module (ECM).

Customer specified parameters that will enhance

the fuel efficiency and the operators convenience
can be programmed into the Electronic Control
Module (ECM). Some parameters may affect
engine operation. This may lead to complaints from
the operator about power or about performance.
The following engine related parameters may be
programmed by the customer by using Caterpillar
electronic service tools in order to influence the
operation of the engine:

In most cases, it is not necessary to stop the engine

because of an intermittent code. However, the
operator should retrieve the logged fault codes
and the operator should reference the appropriate
information in order to identify the nature of the event.
The operator should log any observation that could
have caused the lamp to light.

Low power
Limits of the engine speed
Excessive smoke, etc
This information can be useful to help troubleshoot
the situation. The information can also be used for
future reference. For more information on diagnostic
codes, refer to the Troubleshooting Guide for this
engine.

Customer Passwords
Power Rating (hp at rpm)
Rating Selection
Air/Fuel Ratio
PTO Ramp Rate
Low Idle
High Idle
Top Engine Limit
Torque Limit
Intermediate Speed
Engine Monitoring Mode
Equipment ID
Maintenance Indicator
Parameter Lockout
The customer specified parameters can be changed
as often as needed. Password protection is provided
so that the customer can change the parameters. The
customer can authorize someone else to change the
parameters. Ensure that a record of the parameters
is kept in the Operation and Maintenance Manual.
For detailed instructions on programming the engine
for optimum performance and for optimum fuel
economy, consult your Caterpillar dealer.

36
Operation Section
Engine Starting

Engine Starting

Do not start the engine or move any of the controls

i02109067

Before Starting Engine

SMCS Code: 1000; 1400; 1450
Perform the required daily maintenance and other
periodic maintenance before the engine is started.
Inspect the engine compartment. This inspection can
help prevent major repairs at a later date. Refer to the
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Maintenance
Interval Schedule for more information.

For the maximum service life of the engine, make

a thorough inspection before the engine is started.

Look for the following items: oil leaks, coolant
leaks, loose bolts, and trash buildup. Remove trash
buildup and arrange for repairs, as needed.

Inspect the aftercooler for loose connections and

for debris buildup.

Inspect the cooling system hoses for cracks and

for loose clamps.

Inspect the alternator and accessory drive belts for

cracks, breaks, and other damage.

Inspect the wiring for loose connections and for

worn wires or frayed wires.

Check the fuel supply. Drain water from the water

separator (if equipped). Open the fuel supply valve.

NOTICE
All valves in the fuel return line must be open before
and during engine operation to help prevent high fuel
pressure. High fuel pressure may cause filter housing
failure or other damage.
If the engine has not been started for several weeks,
fuel may have drained from the fuel system. Air
may have entered the filter housing. Also, when fuel
filters have been changed, some air pockets will be
trapped in the engine. In these instances, prime the
fuel system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Fuel System - Prime for more information
on priming the fuel system.

if there is a DO NOT OPERATE warning tag or

similar warning tag attached to the start switch or
to the controls.

Ensure that the areas around the rotating parts are

clear.

All of the guards must be put in place. Check for

damaged guards or for missing guards. Repair
any damaged guards. Replace damaged guards
and/or missing guards.

Disconnect any battery chargers that are not

protected against the high current drain that

is created when the electric starting motor (if
equipped) is engaged. Check electrical cables
and check the battery for poor connections and
for corrosion.

Reset all of the shutoffs or alarm components.

Check the engine lubrication oil level. Maintain the
oil level between the ADD mark and the FULL
mark on the oil level gauge.

Check the coolant level. Observe the coolant level

in the coolant recovery tank (if equipped). Maintain

the coolant level to the FULL mark on the coolant
recovery tank.

If the engine is not equipped with a coolant

recovery tank maintain the coolant level within

13 mm (0.5 inch) of the bottom of the filler pipe. If
the engine is equipped with a sight glass, maintain
the coolant level in the sight glass.

Observe the air cleaner service indicator (if

equipped). Service the air cleaner when the yellow

diaphragm enters the red zone, or when the red
piston locks in the visible position.

Ensure that any driven equipment has been

disengaged. Minimize electrical loads or remove

any electrical loads.
i01903151

Starting the Engine

SMCS Code: 1000; 1450
Note: Do not adjust the engine speed control during
start-up. The electronic control module (ECM) will
control the engine speed during start-up.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion

which may be harmful to your health. Always start
and operate the engine in a well ventilated area
and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside.

Starting a Cold Engine

1. Disengage any equipment that is driven by the
engine.

37
Operation Section
Engine Starting

2. Turn the keyswitch to the RUN position. Leave the

keyswitch in the RUN position for 15 seconds.
3. Turn the keyswitch to the START position in order
to engage the electric starting motor and crank
the engine.
NOTICE
Do not engage the starting motor when flywheel is
turning. Do not start the engine under load.
If the engine fails to start within 30 seconds, release
the starter switch or button and wait two minutes to
allow the starting motor to cool before attempting to
start the engine again.
4. Allow the keyswitch to return to the RUN position
after the engine starts.
5. Repeat step 2 through step 4 if the engine fails
to start.

Startability will be improved at temperatures below

18 C (0 F) from the use of a jacket water heater
or extra battery capacity.
When No. 2 diesel fuel is used, the following items
provide a means of minimizing starting problems
and fuel problems in cold weather: engine oil pan
heaters, jacket water heaters, fuel heaters, and fuel
line insulation.
Use the procedure that follows for cold weather
starting.
Note: Do not adjust the engine speed control during
start-up. The electronic control module (ECM) will
control the engine speed during start-up.
1. Disengage any driven equipment.
2. Turn the keyswitch to the RUN position. Leave the
keyswitch in the RUN position for 20 seconds.
NOTICE
Do not engage the starting motor when flywheel is
turning. Do not start the engine under load.

Starting a Warm Engine

1. Disengage any equipment that is driven by the
engine.
2. Turn the keyswitch to the START position in order
to engage the electric starting motor and crank
the engine.
NOTICE
Do not engage the starting motor when flywheel is
turning. Do not start the engine under load.
If the engine fails to start within 30 seconds, release
the starter switch or button and wait two minutes to
allow the starting motor to cool before attempting to
start the engine again.
3. Allow the keyswitch to return to the RUN position
after the engine starts.
4. Repeat step 2 and step 3 if the engine fails to start.
i01797227

Cold Weather Starting

SMCS Code: 1000; 1250; 1450; 1453; 1456; 1900

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as

ether. Such use could result in an explosion and
personal injury.

If the engine fails to start within 30 seconds, release

the starter switch or button and wait two minutes to
allow the starting motor to cool before attempting to
start the engine again.
3. Turn the keyswitch to the START position in order
to engage the starting motor and crank the engine.
4. Allow the keyswitch to return to the RUN position
after the engine starts.
5. Repeat step 2 through step 4 if the engine fails
to start.
6. Allow the engine to idle for three to five minutes, or
allow the engine to idle until the water temperature
indicator begins to rise. The engine should run
at low idle smoothly until speed is gradually
increased to high idle. Allow the white smoke to
disperse before proceeding with normal operation.
7. Operate the engine at low load until all systems
reach operating temperature. Check the gauges
during the warm-up period.

38
Operation Section
Engine Starting

i01934760

Starting with Jump Start

Cables
SMCS Code: 1000; 1401; 1402; 1900

5. Immediately after the stalled engine is started,

disconnect the jump start cables in reverse order.
Note: If there is a problem with the alternator or the
battery charger, the engine will not continue to run
after starting, unless the power to the engine control
module is supplied by a separate source.
i01646248

Improper jump start cable connections can cause

an explosion resulting in personal injury.

After Starting Engine

Prevent sparks near the batteries. Sparks could

cause vapors to explode. Do not allow jump start
cable ends to contact each other or the engine.

SMCS Code: 1000

If the installation is not equipped with a backup

battery system, it may be necessary to start the
engine from an external electrical source.
NOTICE
Using a battery source with the same voltage as the
electric starting motor. Use ONLY equal voltage for
jump starting. The use of higher voltage will damage
the electrical system.
Do not reverse the battery cables. The alternator can
be damaged. Attach ground cable last and remove
first.
When using an external electrical source to start the
engine, turn the engine control switch to the OFF
position. Turn all electrical accessories OFF before
attaching the jump start cables.
Ensure that the main power switch is in the OFF position before attaching the jump start cables to the engine being started.
1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn off
all accessories.
2. Connect one positive end of the jump start cable
to the positive cable terminal of the discharged
battery. Connect the other positive end of the jump
start cable to the positive cable terminal of the
electrical source.
3. Connect one negative end of the jump start cable
to the negative cable terminal of the electrical
source. Connect the other negative end of the
jump start cable to the engine block or to the
chassis ground. This procedure helps to prevent
potential sparks from igniting combustible gases
that are produced by some batteries.
4. Start the engine.

Note: In temperatures from 0 to 60C (32 to 140F),

the warm-up time is approximately three minutes. In
temperatures below 0C (32F), additional warm-up
time may be required.
Note: Ensure that the self test for the monitoring
system (if equipped) is completed before operating
the engine under load.
When the engine idles during warm-up, observe the
following conditions:

Check for any fluid or for any air leaks at idle rpm

and at one-half full rpm (no load on the engine)

before operating the engine under load. This is not
possible in some applications.

Operate the engine at low idle until all systems

achieve operating temperatures. Check all gauges

during the warm-up period.

Note: Gauge readings should be observed and

the data should be recorded frequently while the
engine is operating. Comparing the data over time
will help to determine normal readings for each
gauge. Comparing data over time will also help
detect abnormal operating developments. Significant
changes in the readings should be investigated.

39
Operation Section
Engine Operation

Engine Operation

i01196062

i01903587

Engine Operation

Engaging the Driven

Equipment
SMCS Code: 1000

SMCS Code: 1000

Proper operation and maintenance are key factors
in obtaining the maximum life and economy of
the engine. If the directions in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual are followed, costs can be
minimized and engine service life can be maximized.
The engine can be operated at the rated rpm after the
engine reaches operating temperature. The engine
will reach normal operating temperature sooner
during a low engine speed (rpm) and during a low
power demand. This procedure is more effective than
idling the engine at no load. The engine should reach
operating temperature in a few minutes.
Gauge readings should be observed and the data
should be recorded frequently while the engine
is operating. Comparing the data over time will
help to determine normal readings for each gauge.
Comparing data over time will also help detect
abnormal operating developments. Significant
changes in the readings should be investigated.
i00808595

If the load varies, or if the load is cyclic, the governor

will adjust the engine rpm, as needed.
Extended operation at low idle or extended
operation at a reduced load may cause increased
oil consumption and carbon buildup in the cylinders.
This carbon buildup results in a loss of power and/or
poor performance. When the engine is operated at
a reduced load, the engine should be fully loaded
at every four hours in order to burn excess carbon
from the cylinders.

Industrial Engines
1. When the engine is operating, check the engine
gauges. The engine gauges should be in the
normal range before you engage the driven
equipment.
2. Engage the driven equipment. Begin operating the
engine at low load. Check the gauges and check
the equipment for proper operation. Check the
gauges and check the equipment frequently while
the engine is operating under load.

Engine Warm-up
SMCS Code: 1000
1. Run the engine at low idle for three to five minutes,
or run the engine at low idle until the jacket water
temperature starts to rise.
More time may be necessary when the
temperature is below 18 C (0 F).
2. Check all of the gauges during the warm-up
period.
3. Perform another walk-around inspection. Check
the engine for fluid leaks and air leaks.
4. Increase the rpm to the rated rpm. Check for fluid
leaks and air leaks. The engine may be operated
at full rated rpm and at full load when the engine
oil temperature reaches 60 C (140 F).

i01878039

Fuel Conservation Practices

SMCS Code: 1000; 1250
The efficiency of the engine can affect the fuel
economy. Caterpillars design and technology in
manufacturing provides maximum fuel efficiency in
all applications. Follow the recommended procedures
in order to attain optimum performance for the life
of the engine.

Avoid spilling fuel.

Fuel expands when the fuel is warmed up. The fuel
may overflow from the fuel tank. Inspect fuel lines for
leaks. Repair the fuel lines, as needed.

Be aware of the properties of the different fuels.

Use only the recommended fuels.

Avoid unnecessary operation at no load.

Shut off the engine instead of operating the engine
at no load for long periods of time.

40
Operation Section
Engine Operation

Observe the service indicator for the air cleaner

frequently, if equipped. Keep the air cleaner
elements clean.

Maintain a good electrical system.

One bad battery cell will overwork the alternator. This
will consume excess power and excess fuel.

Ensure that the belts are properly adjusted. The

belts should be in good condition.

Ensure that all of the connections of the hoses are

tight. The connections should not leak.

Ensure that the driven equipment is in good

working order.

Cold engines consume excess fuel. Keep cooling

system components clean and keep cooling

system components in good repair. Never operate
the engine without water temperature regulators.
All of these items will help maintain operating
temperatures.

Settings for the fuel system and the limits for the

operating altitude are stamped on the Engine

Information Plate. If an engine is moved to a
higher altitude, the settings must be changed by a
Caterpillar dealer. Changing the settings will help
to provide the maximum efficiency for the engine.
Engines can be operated safely at higher altitudes,
but the engines will deliver less horsepower. The
fuel settings should be changed by a Caterpillar
dealer in order to obtain the rated horsepower.

41
Operation Section
Engine Stopping

Engine Stopping

i02069570

After Stopping Engine

i01646416

Manual Stop Procedure

SMCS Code: 1000
Note: Individual applications will have different
control systems. Ensure that the shutoff procedures
are understood. Use the following general guidelines
in order to stop the engine.
1. Remove the load, when possible. Reduce the
engine speed (rpm) to low idle.
2. Increase the engine speed (rpm) to no more than
one-half of the rated rpm. Perform this procedure
for three to five minutes in order to cool the engine.
Reduce the engine speed (rpm) to low idle.
3. After the cool down period, turn the key switch to
the OFF position.

SMCS Code: 1000

Note: Before you check the engine oil, do not operate
the engine for at least 10 minutes in order to allow
the engine oil to return to the oil pan.

Check the crankcase oil level. Maintain the oil level

between the ADD mark and the FULL mark on
the oil level gauge.

Note: Only use oil that is recommended in

this Operation and Maintenance Manual, Refill
Capacities and Recommendations article. Failure to
do so may result in engine damage.

If necessary, perform minor adjustments. Repair

any leaks and tighten any loose bolts.

Note the service hour meter reading. Perform

the maintenance that is in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, Maintenance Interval
Schedule.

Fill the fuel tank in order to help prevent

accumulation of moisture in the fuel. Do not overfill

the fuel tank.

Allow the engine to cool. Check the coolant level.

Maintain the cooling system at 13 mm (0.5 inch)
from the bottom of the pipe for filling.

Note: Only use coolant that is recommended in

this Operation and Maintenance Manual, Refill
Capacities and Recommendations article. Failure to
do so may result in engine damage.

If freezing temperatures are expected, check

the coolant for proper antifreeze protection. The

cooling system must be protected against freezing
to the lowest expected outside temperature. Add
the proper coolant/water mixture, if necessary.

Perform all required periodic maintenance on all

driven equipment. This maintenance is outlined in

the instructions from the OEM.

42
Operation Section
Cold Weather Operation

Cold Weather Operation

i01646447

Radiator Restrictions
SMCS Code: 1353; 1396
Caterpillar discourages the use of airflow restriction
devices that are mounted in front of radiators. Airflow
restriction can cause the following conditions:

i01872912

Fuel and the Effect from Cold

Weather
SMCS Code: 1000; 1250
The following fuels are the grades that are available
for Caterpillar engines:

No. 1

High exhaust temperatures

No. 2

Power loss

Blend of No. 1 and No. 2

Excessive fan usage

Reduction in fuel economy
If an airflow restriction device must be used, the
device should have a permanent opening directly
in line with the fan hub. A centered opening that is
directly in line with the fan hub is specified in order
to prevent an interrupted airflow on the fan blades.
Interrupted airflow on the fan blades could cause a
fan failure.
Caterpillar recommends a warning device for the
inlet manifold temperature and/or the installation of
an inlet air temperature gauge. The warning device
for the inlet manifold temperature should be set at
75 C (167 F). The inlet manifold air temperature
should not exceed 75 C (167 F). Temperatures that
exceed this limit can cause power loss and potential
engine damage.

No. 2 diesel fuel is the most commonly used fuel.

Either No. 1 diesel fuel or a blend of No. 1 and No. 2
is best suited for cold weather operation.
Quantities of No. 1 diesel fuel are limited. No. 1 diesel
fuels are usually available during the months of the
winter in the colder climates. During cold weather
operation, if No. 1 diesel fuel is not available, use No.
2 diesel fuel, if necessary.
There are three major differences between No. 1 and
No. 2 diesel fuel. No. 1 diesel fuel has the following
properties:

Lower cloud point

Lower pour point
Lower rating of kJ (BTU) per unit volume of fuel
When No. 1 diesel fuel is used, a decrease in power
and in fuel efficiency may be noticed. Other operating
effects should not be experienced.
The cloud point is the temperature when a cloud of
wax crystals begins to form in the fuel. These crystals
can cause the fuel filters to plug. The pour point is
the temperature when diesel fuel will thicken. The
diesel fuel becomes more resistant to flow through
fuel pumps and through fuel lines.
Be aware of these values when diesel fuel is
purchased. Anticipate the average ambient
temperature for the engine area. Engines that are
fueled in one climate may not operate well if the
engines are moved to another climate. Problems can
result due to changes in temperature.
Before troubleshooting for low power or for poor
performance during cold weather, check the type of
fuel that is being used.

43
Operation Section
Cold Weather Operation

i02010887

Fuel Related Components in

Cold Weather
SMCS Code: 1000; 1250

Fuel Tanks
Condensation can form in partially filled fuel tanks.
Top off the fuel tanks after you operate the engine.
Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining
water and sediment from the bottom of the tanks.
Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water
and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel
supply pipe.
Some fuel tanks use supply lines that take fuel
directly from the bottom of the tank. If the engine is
equipped with this system, regular maintenance of
the fuel system filter is important.
Drain the water and sediment from any fuel storage
tank at the following intervals: weekly, oil changes,
and refueling of the fuel tank. This will help prevent
water and/or sediment from being pumped from the
fuel storage tank and into the engine fuel tank.

Fuel Filters
It is possible that a primary fuel filter is installed
between the fuel tank and the engine fuel inlet. After
you change the fuel filter, always prime the fuel
system in order to remove air bubbles from the fuel
system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual in the Maintenance Section for more
information on priming the fuel system.
The micron rating and the location of a primary fuel
filter is important in cold weather operation. The
primary fuel filter and the fuel supply line are the most
common components that are affected by cold fuel.

Fuel Heaters
Fuel heaters help to prevent fuel filters from plugging
in cold weather due to waxing. A fuel heater should
be installed in the fuel system before the primary
fuel filter.
The following fuel heaters are recommended for
Caterpillar engines:

7C-3557 Fuel Heater Group

7C-3558 Heater Kit
For further information on fuel heaters, consult your
Caterpillar dealer.

Disconnect the fuel heater in warm weather.

Note: Fuel heaters that are controlled by the water
temperature regulator or self-regulating fuel heaters
should be used with this engine. Fuel heaters that
are not controlled by the water temperature regulator
can heat the fuel in excess of 65C (149F). A loss of
engine power can occur if the fuel supply temperature
exceeds 37C (100F).
Note: Heat exchanger type fuel heaters should have
a bypass provision in order to prevent overheating of
the fuel in warm weather operation.

44
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

Maintenance Section

Lubricant Capacities

Refill Capacities
i02094178

The capacity of the engine lubrication system

includes the capacity of the oil filters that are installed
at the factory. Auxiliary oil filter systems (if equipped)
will require additional oil. Refer to the specifications
that are provided by the OEM of the auxiliary oil filter
system.

Refill Capacities and

Recommendations
SMCS Code: 1348; 1395; 7560

Lubrication System
Lubricant Recommendations
Due to significant variations in the quality and in
the performance of commercially available oils,
Caterpillar recommends the following oils:

Cat DEO (Diesel Engine Oil) (10W-30)

Cat DEO (Diesel Engine Oil) (15W-40)
The proper SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined
by the minimum ambient temperature during
cold engine start-up, and the maximum ambient
temperature during engine operation. To determine
the oil viscosity that is required for starting a cold
soaked engine, refer to the minimum temperature in
Table 6. To select the oil viscosity for operation at
the highest anticipated ambient temperature, refer
to the maximum temperature in the Table. Use the
highest oil viscosity that is available in order to meet
the required temperature during start-up.

Illustration 26

g01011683

C11 and C13

210-1745 Standard Deep Oil Pan
This pan has an overall height of 335 mm (13.2 inch).

Table 6

Engine Oil Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures

Ambient Temperature
Maximum

Illustration 27

Viscosity Grade

Minimum

SAE 0W-20

40 C (40 F)

10 C (50 F)

240-3277 Optional Shallow Oil Pan

SAE 0W-30

40 C (40 F)

30 C (86 F)

This pan has an overall height of 278 mm (10.9 inch).

SAE 0W-40

40 C (40 F)

40 C (104 F)

SAE 5W-30

30 C (22 F)

30 C (86 F)

SAE 5W-40

30 C (22 F)

50 C (122 F)

SAE 10W-30

18 C (0 F)

40 C (104 F)

SAE 10W-40

18 C (0 F)

50 C (122 F)

SAE 15W-40

9.5 C (15 F)

50 C (122 F)

For additional information on selecting an

oil, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251,
Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids
Recommendations.

C11 and C13

g01011620

45
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

Table 7

Approximate Refill Capacities of the Engine

Lubrication System
Compartment
or System

C11

C13

Standard Deep
Oil Pan(1)

40 L (42 qt)

Optional Shallow
Oil Pan(1)

34 L (36 qt)

Capacity of the
Auxiliary Oil
Filter System(2)
Total Capacity
of the
Lubrication
System(3)
(1)

(2)
(3)

Approximate sump capacity of the crankcase includes the

standard oil filters that are factory installed. Engines with
auxiliary oil filters will require additional oil. Optional bypass
oil filters that are supplied by Caterpillar require an additional
2.5 L (2.6 qt) of oil. If the engine is equipped with another type
of auxiliary oil filter, refer to the OEM specifications for the
capacity of the auxiliary oil filter.
Fill in the capacity of the auxiliary oil filter system (if equipped)
in the space that is provided.
Fill in the total capacity of the lubrication system. Add the
auxiliary oil filter system to the correct capacity of the oil sump
in order to find the total capacity of the lubrication system.

Fuel
Fuel Recommendations
In North America, diesel fuel that is identified as
No. 1-D or No. 2-D in ASTM D975 generally meet
the specifications. These fuels are distilled from
crude oil. Diesel fuels from other sources could
exhibit detrimental properties that are not defined or
controlled by this specification.
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, Caterpillar
Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations
for additional information that relates to diesel fuel.

Cooling System
Coolant Recommendations
NOTICE
Do not use a commercial coolant/antifreeze that only
meets the ASTM D3306 or D4656 specification. This
type of coolant/antifreeze is made for light duty automotive applications.
The following coolants are the primary types of
coolants that are used in Caterpillar Engines:

Preferred Caterpillar Extended Life Coolant (ELC)

or a commercial extended life coolant that meets the
Caterpillar EC-1 specification
Acceptable Caterpillar Diesel Engine
Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC) or a commercial
heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze that meets ASTM
D4985 or ASTM D5345 specifications
Caterpillar recommends a 1:1 mixture of water and
glycol. This mixture will provide optimum heavy-duty
performance as a coolant/antifreeze.
Note: Caterpillar DEAC DOES NOT require a
treatment with an SCA at the initial fill. Commercial
heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze that meets ASTM
D4985 or ASTM D5345 specifications MAY require
a treatment with an SCA at the initial fill. Read the
label or the instructions that are provided by the OEM
of the product.
In stationary engine applications and marine engine
applications that do not require protection from
boiling or freezing, a mixture of SCA and water is
acceptable. Caterpillar recommends a minimum
of six percent to a maximum of eight percent
SCA concentration in those cooling systems.
Distilled water or deionized water is preferred. Water
which has the required properties may be used. For
the water properties, refer to Special Publication,
SEBU6251, Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine
Fluids Recommendations for additional information
that relates coolant.
Note: Table 8 is a list of the coolants that are
recommended and the service life (calendar) of the
coolants. The service life of coolant is also limited by
use (service hours). Refer to the specific engines
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Maintenance
Interval Schedule (Maintenance Section). To
achieve this service life, the coolants must be
properly maintained. The maintenance program
includes SOS coolant analysis.

46
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

Table 8

Coolant Service Life

Coolant Type

Service Life

Caterpillar ELC

Six Years

Caterpillar DEAC

Three Years

Commercial Heavy-Duty
Coolant/Antifreeze that
meets ASTM D5345

Two Years

Commercial Heavy-Duty
Coolant/Antifreeze that
meets ASTM D4985

One Year

Caterpillar SCA and

Water

Two Years

Commercial SCA and

Water

One Year

(1)

(1)

The service life of coolant is also limited by use (service hours).

Refer to the specific engines Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Maintenance Interval Schedule (Maintenance
Section).

Coolant Capacities
To properly maintain the cooling system, the total
cooling system capacity must be determined. The
total cooling system capacity will vary between
individual installations. The total cooling system
capacity can include the following components:
engine, expansion tank, heat exchanger, radiator,
keel cooler, and piping.
Refer to the specifications that are provided by
Caterpillar or the OEM of the installation. Record the
total cooling system capacity in the appropriate Table.
Table 9

Approximate Refill Capacities

Compartment or System

Liters

Quarts

Total Cooling System(1)

(1)

The total cooling system capacity includes the following

components: Engine block, Radiator, and Coolant hoses and
lines

47
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule

i02094547

Maintenance Interval Schedule

SMCS Code: 1000; 7500
Note: Ensure that the Safety Information, warnings,
and instructions are read and understood before
operation or maintenance procedures are performed.
Note: Use fuel consumption, service hours, or
calendar time, WHICHEVER OCCURS FIRST ,
in order to determine the maintenance intervals.
Engines that operate in severe operating conditions
may require more frequent maintenance. Failure
to adhere to proper maintenance intervals may
result in degradation of engine performance and/or
accelerated engine component wear.
Before each consecutive interval is performed, all
of the maintenance requirements from the previous
interval must also be performed.

When Required
Battery - Replace ..................................................
Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect ..................
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) Clean/Replace ....................................................
Engine Storage Procedure - Check ......................
Fuel System - Prime .............................................
Severe Service Application - Check .....................

49
50
62
71
72
81

Daily
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check ................
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect .....
Engine Air Precleaner - Check/Clean ...................
Engine Oil Level - Check ......................................
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator Drain ...................................................................
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain .................
Walk-Around Inspection ........................................

56
64
65
66
74
76
83

Every Year
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) Obtain ................................................................. 57

Every 3000 Service Hours or 3 Years

Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change ..........
Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add ....
Cooling System Water Temperature Regulator Replace ...............................................................
Engine Protective Devices - Check ......................

51
56
59
70

Every 8000 Service Hours or 3 Years

Driven Equipment - Check .................................... 60

Every 12 000 Service Hours or 6 Years

Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change ............. 54

Every 14 400 L (3750 US gal) of Fuel or 250

Service Hours or 1 Year
Battery Electrolyte Level - Check ..........................
Electronics Grounding Stud - Inspect/Clean/
Tighten ................................................................
Engine Crankcase Breather - Clean .....................
Engine Oil Sample - Obtain ..................................
Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator)
Element - Replace ..............................................
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace ..............
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace ..................
Radiator - Clean ....................................................

50
61
65
67
74
75
77
80

Every 28 500 L (7500 US gal) of Fuel or 500

Service Hours or 1 Year (Deep Sump)
Starting Motor - Inspect ........................................ 81
Turbocharger - Inspect .......................................... 82
Water Pump - Inspect ........................................... 83

Every 114 000 L (30 000 US gal) of Fuel or

3000 Service Hours

Every 250 Service Hours

Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test ............................... 49

Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive

(SCA) - Test/Add ................................................. 57
Engine Oil and Filter - Change ............................. 68

Every 170 400 L (45 000 US gal) of Fuel or

3000 Service Hours

Initial 500 Hours (for New Systems, Refilled

Systems, and Converted Systems)
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) Obtain ................................................................. 57

Every 500 Service Hours

Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace .............................. 51
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) Obtain ................................................................. 57

Crankshaft Vibration Damper - Inspect .................

Electronic Unit Injector - Inspect/Adjust ................
Engine - Clean ......................................................
Engine Mounts - Inspect .......................................
Engine Speed/Timing Sensors - Check/Clean/
Calibrate ..............................................................
Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust ......................
Engine Valve Rotators - Inspect ...........................
Fan Drive Bearing - Lubricate ...............................

59
60
61
66
70
71
72
72

48
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule

Every 380 000 L (100 000 US gal) of Fuel or

10 000 Service Hours
Overhaul Considerations ...................................... 78

Overhaul
Fan Drive Bearing - Replace ................................ 72

49
Maintenance Section
Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test

i01188617

Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test

(Air-To-Air Aftercooler)
SMCS Code: 1064-070; 1064-081
Note: Adjust the frequency of cleaning according to
the effects of the operating environment.
Inspect the cooling air side of the aftercooler for these
items: damaged fins, corrosion, dirt, grease, insects,
leaves, oil, and other debris. Clean the cooling air
side of the aftercooler, if necessary.

Note: If parts of the aftercooler system are repaired

or replaced, a leak test is highly recommended. The
FT1984 Aftercooler Testing Group is used to perform
leak tests on the aftercooler. Refer to the Systems
Operation/Testing and Adjusting, Aftercooler - Test
and the Special Instruction, SEHS8622 for the proper
testing procedure.
Inspect these items for good condition: welds,
mounting brackets, air lines, connections, clamps,
and seals. Make repairs, if necessary.
For more detailed information on cleaning and
inspection, see Special Publication, SEBD0518,
Know Your Cooling System.

For air-to-air aftercoolers, use the same methods that

are used for cleaning the outside of radiators.

i01878164

Battery - Replace
Personal injury can result from air pressure.
Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.
Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less
than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.
Pressurized air is the preferred method for removing
loose debris. Direct the air in the opposite direction
of the fans air flow. Hold the nozzle approximately
6 mm (0.25 inch) away from the fins. Slowly move the
air nozzle in a direction that is parallel with the tubes.
This will remove debris that is between the tubes.
Pressurized water may also be used for cleaning.
The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes
must be less than 275 kPa (40 psi). Use pressurized
water in order to soften mud. Clean the core from
both sides.

SMCS Code: 1401-510

Batteries give off combustible gases which can

explode. A spark can cause the combustible gases to ignite. This can result in severe personal injury or death.
Ensure proper ventilation for batteries that are in
an enclosure. Follow the proper procedures in order to help prevent electrical arcs and/or sparks
near batteries. Do not smoke when batteries are
serviced.

The battery cables or the batteries should not be

removed with the battery cover in place. The battery cover should be removed before any servicing is attempted.

Use a degreaser and steam for removal of oil and

grease. Clean both sides of the core. Wash the core
with detergent and hot water. Thoroughly rinse the
core with clean water.

Removing the battery cables or the batteries with

the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
resulting in personal injury.

After cleaning, start the engine and accelerate the

engine to high idle rpm. This will help in the removal
of debris and drying of the core. Stop the engine.
Use a light bulb behind the core in order to inspect
the core for cleanliness. Repeat the cleaning, if
necessary.

1. Switch the engine to the OFF position. Remove

all electrical loads.

Inspect the fins for damage. Bent fins may be opened

with a comb.

2. Turn off any battery chargers. Disconnect any

battery chargers.
3. The NEGATIVE - cable connects the NEGATIVE
- battery terminal to the NEGATIVE - terminal
on the starter motor. Disconnect the cable from
the NEGATIVE - battery terminal.

50
Maintenance Section
Battery Electrolyte Level - Check

4. The POSITIVE + cable connects the POSITIVE

+ battery terminal to the POSITIVE + terminal
on the starting motor. Disconnect the cable from
the POSITIVE + battery terminal.

Clean the battery case with one of the following

cleaning solutions:

A mixture of 0.1 kg (0.2 lb) of baking soda and

1 L (1 qt) of clean water

Note: Always recycle a battery. Never discard a

battery. Return used batteries to an appropriate
recycling facility.

A mixture of 0.1 L (0.11 qt) of ammonia and 1 L

5. Remove the used battery.

Thoroughly rinse the battery case with clean water.

6. Install the new battery.

Use a fine grade of sandpaper to clean the

terminals and the cable clamps. Clean the items
until the surfaces are bright or shiny. DO NOT
remove material excessively. Excessive removal
of material can cause the clamps to not fit
properly. Coat the clamps and the terminals with
5N-5561 Silicone Lubricant, petroleum jelly or
MPGM grease.

Note: Before the cables are connected, ensure that

the engine start switch is OFF.
7. Connect the cable from the starting motor to the
POSITIVE + battery terminal.
8. Connect the cable from the NEGATIVE - terminal
on the starter motor to the NEGATIVE - battery
terminal.
i01639002

Battery Electrolyte Level Check

(1 qt) of clean water

i01492654

Battery or Battery Cable Disconnect

SMCS Code: 1402-029

SMCS Code: 1401-535

When the engine is not run for long periods of time or
when the engine is run for short periods, the batteries
may not fully recharge. Ensure a full charge in order
to help prevent the battery from freezing. If batteries
are properly charged, ammeter reading should be
very near zero.

All lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid which

can burn the skin and clothing. Always wear a face
shield and protective clothing when working on or
near batteries.
1. Remove the filler caps. Maintain the electrolyte
level to the FULL mark on the battery.
If the addition of water is necessary, use distilled
water. If distilled water is not available use clean
water that is low in minerals. Do not use artificially
softened water.
2. Check the condition of the electrolyte with the
1U-7298 Coolant/Battery Tester (C) or the
1U-7297 Coolant/Battery Tester (F).
3. Keep the batteries clean.

The battery cables or the batteries should not be

removed with the battery cover in place. The battery cover should be removed before any servicing is attempted.
Removing the battery cables or the batteries with
the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
resulting in personal injury.
1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn the
ignition switch (if equipped) to the OFF position
and remove the key and all electrical loads.
2. Disconnect the negative battery terminal at the
battery that goes to the start switch. Ensure that
the cable cannot contact the terminal. When four
12 volt batteries are involved, the negative side of
two batteries must be disconnected.
3. Tape the leads in order to help prevent accidental
starting.
4. Proceed with necessary system repairs. Reverse
the steps in order to reconnect all of the cables.

51
Maintenance Section
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace

i02042962

Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace

3. Move the assembly in order to increase or

decrease the belt tension.

SMCS Code: 1357-025; 1357-040; 1357-510

4. Tighten adjusting bolt (2). Tighten mounting bolts

(1).

Inspection

5. Reinstall the belt guard.

Inspect the alternator belt and the fan drive belts for
wear and for cracking. Replace the belts if the belts
are not in good condition.
Check the belt tension according to the information in
the Service Manual, Specifications.
Slippage of loose belts can reduce the efficiency
of the driven components. Vibration of loose belts
can cause unnecessary wear on the following
components:

If new drive belts are installed, check the drive belt

tension again after 30 minutes of engine operation
at the rated rpm.

Adjustment of the Fan Drive Belt

1. Remove the belt guard.
2. Loosen the mounting bolt for the pulley.
3. Loosen the adjusting nut for the pulley.

Belts

4. Move the pulley in order to adjust the belt tension.

Pulleys

5. Tighten the adjusting nut.

Bearings

6. Tighten the mounting bolt.

If the belts are too tight, unnecessary stress is placed

on the components. This reduces the service life of
the components.

7. Reinstall the belt guard.

Replacement
For applications that require multiple drive belts,
replace the drive belts in matched sets. Replacing
one drive belt of a matched set will cause the new
drive belt to carry more load because the older drive
belts are stretched. The additional load on the new
drive belt could cause the new drive belt to fail.

Alternator Belt Adjustment

If new drive belts are installed, check the drive belt

tension again after 30 minutes of engine operation
at the rated rpm.
i02070334

Cooling System Coolant

(DEAC) - Change
SMCS Code: 1350-070; 1395-044
Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling
system before the recommended maintenance
interval if the following conditions exist:

The engine overheats frequently.

Foaming of the coolant
The oil has entered the cooling system and the
coolant is contaminated.

The fuel has entered the cooling system and the

coolant is contaminated.

Illustration 28

g00788814

1. Remove the belt guard.

2. Loosen mounting bolts (1) and adjusting bolt (2).

NOTICE
Use of commercially available cooling system cleaners may cause damage to cooling system components. Use only cooling system cleaners that are approved for Caterpillar engines.

52
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change

Note: Inspect the water pump and the water

temperature regulator after the cooling system has
been drained. This is a good opportunity to replace
the water pump, the water temperature regulator and
the hoses, if necessary.

Drain

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.
1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap.
2. Open the cooling system drain valve (if equipped).
If the cooling system is not equipped with a drain
valve, remove one of the drain plugs.
Allow the coolant to drain.
NOTICE
Dispose of used engine coolant properly or recycle.
Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used
coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full
distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by
Caterpillar to reclaim the used coolant.
For information regarding the disposal and the
recycling of used coolant, consult your Caterpillar
dealer or consult Caterpillar Dealer Service Tools:
Outside Illinois: 1-800-542-TOOL
Inside Illinois: 1-800-541-TOOL
Canada: 1-800-523-TOOL

Flush
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the
drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to the
Specifications Manual for your particular engine for
more specific information on the proper torques.
Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for more general information on
the proper torques.

NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
3. Fill the cooling system with a mixture of clean
water and Caterpillar Fast Acting Cooling System
Cleaner. Add .5 L (1 pint) of cleaner per 15 L
(4 US gal) of the cooling system capacity. Install
the cooling system filler cap.
4. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle for a
minimum of 30 minutes. The coolant temperature
should be at least 82 C (180 F).
NOTICE
Improper or incomplete rinsing of the cooling system
can result in damage to copper and other metal components.
To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure
to completely flush the cooling system with clear water. Continue to flush the system until all signs of the
cleaning agent are gone.
5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly
in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the
cooling system filler cap. Open the drain valve (if
equipped) or remove the cooling system drain
plugs. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling
system with clean water. Close the drain valve (if
equipped). Clean the drain plugs. Install the drain
plugs. Refer to the Specifications Manual for your
particular engine for more specific information on
the proper torques. Refer to the Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications for more
general information on the proper torques.

Cooling Systems with Heavy

Deposits or Plugging
Note: For the following procedure to be effective,
there must be some active flow through the cooling
system components.
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the
drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to the
Specifications Manual for your particular engine for
more specific information on the proper torques.
Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for more general information on
the proper torques.

53
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change

NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
3. Fill the cooling system with a mixture of clean
water and Caterpillar Fast Acting Cooling System
Cleaner. Add .5 L (1 pint) of cleaner per 3.8 to 7.6 L
(1 to 2 US gal) of the cooling system capacity.
Install the cooling system filler cap.
4. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle for a
minimum of 90 minutes. The coolant temperature
should be at least 82 C (180 F).
NOTICE
Improper or incomplete rinsing of the cooling system
can result in damage to copper and other metal components.
To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure
to completely flush the cooling system with clear water. Continue to flush the system until all signs of the
cleaning agent are gone.
5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly
in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the
cooling system filler cap. Open the drain valve (if
equipped) or remove the cooling system drain
plugs. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling
system with clean water. Close the drain valve (if
equipped). Clean the drain plugs. Install the drain
plugs. Refer to the Specifications Manual for your
particular engine for more specific information on
the proper torques. Refer to the Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications for more
general information on the proper torques.

Fill
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Refill Capacities and Recommendations topic for
the capacity of the engines system and for coolant
recommendations.

Engines that are Equipped with a Coolant

Recovery Tank
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.

1. Fill the cooling system with coolant/antifreeze.

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Refill Capacities and Recommendations topic
(Maintenance Section) for more information on
cooling system specifications. Do not install the
cooling system filler cap.
2. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle.
Increase the engine rpm to high idle. Run the
engine at high idle for one minute in order to purge
the air from the cavities of the engine block. Stop
the engine.
3. Add coolant to the cooling system until the cooling
system is full.
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap.
If the gasket that is on the cooling system filler
cap is not damaged, perform a pressure test. A
9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump is used to perform
the pressure test. The correct pressure for the
cooling system filler cap is stamped on the face of
the cooling system filler cap. If the cooling system
filler cap does not retain the correct pressure,
install a new cooling system filler cap.
5. Loosen the cap for the coolant recovery tank
slowly in order to relieve any pressure. Remove
the cap for the coolant recovery tank.
6. Pour coolant into the coolant recovery tank until
the coolant reaches the COLD FULL mark.
DO NOT fill the coolant recovery tank above the
COLD FULL mark.
7. Clean the cap for the coolant recovery tank. Install
the cap for the coolant recovery tank.
8. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks and for proper operating temperature.

Engines that are Not Equipped with a

Coolant Recovery Tank
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
1. Fill the cooling system with coolant/antifreeze.
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Refill Capacities and Recommendations topic
(Maintenance Section) for more information on
cooling system specifications. Do not install the
cooling system filler cap.

54
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change

2. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle.

Increase the engine rpm to high idle. Run the
engine at high idle for one minute in order to purge
the air from the cavities of the engine block. Stop
the engine.
3. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level
within 13 mm (.5 inch) below the bottom of the
pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level within
13 mm (.5 inch) to the proper level on the sight
glass (if equipped).
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap.
If the gasket that is on the cooling system filler
cap is not damaged, perform a pressure test. A
9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump is used to perform
the pressure test. The correct pressure for the
cooling system filler cap is stamped on the face of
the cooling system filler cap. If the cooling system
filler cap does not retain the correct pressure,
install a new cooling system filler cap.
5. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks and for proper operating temperature.

Drain

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.
1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap.
2. Open the cooling system drain valve (if equipped).
If the cooling system is not equipped with a drain
valve, remove the cooling system drain plugs.
Allow the coolant to drain.
NOTICE
Dispose of used engine coolant properly or recycle.
Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used
coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full
distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by
Caterpillar to reclaim the used coolant.

i02070355

Cooling System Coolant (ELC)

- Change
SMCS Code: 1350-070; 1395-044
Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling
system before the recommended maintenance
interval if the following conditions exist:

The engine overheats frequently.

Foaming of the coolant
The oil has entered the cooling system and the
coolant is contaminated.

The fuel has entered the cooling system and the

coolant is contaminated.

Note: When the cooling system is cleaned, only

clean water is needed when the ELC is drained and
replaced.
Note: Inspect the water pump and the water
temperature regulator after the cooling system has
been drained. This is a good opportunity to replace
the water pump, the water temperature regulator and
the hoses, if necessary.

For information regarding the disposal and the

recycling of used coolant, consult your Caterpillar
dealer or consult Caterpillar Dealer Service Tools:
Outside Illinois: 1-800-542-TOOL
Inside Illinois: 1-800-541-TOOL
Canada: 1-800-523-TOOL

Flush
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the
drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to the
Specifications Manual for your particular engine for
more specific information on the proper torques.
Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for more general information on
the proper torques.
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
3. Fill the cooling system with clean water. Install the
cooling system filler cap.

55
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change

4. Start the engine and run the engine at low

idle until the temperature reaches 49 to 66 C
(120 to 150 F).

5. Loosen the cap for the coolant recovery tank

slowly in order to relieve any pressure. Remove
the cap for the coolant recovery tank.

5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.

Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly
in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the
cooling system filler cap. Open the drain valve (if
equipped) or remove the cooling system drain
plugs. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling
system with clean water. Close the drain valve (if
equipped). Clean the drain plugs. Install the drain
plugs. Refer to the Specifications Manual for your
particular engine for more specific information on
the proper torques. Refer to the Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications for more
general information on the proper torques.

6. Pour Extended Life Coolant (ELC) into the coolant

recovery tank until the coolant reaches the COLD
FULL mark. DO NOT fill the coolant recovery
tank above the COLD FULL mark.

Fill
Engines that are Equipped with a Coolant
Recovery Tank
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
1. Fill the cooling system with Extended Life Coolant
(ELC). Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations
topic (Maintenance Section) for more information
on cooling system specifications. Do not install the
cooling system filler cap.
2. Start the engine and operate the engine at low
idle. Increase the engine rpm to high idle. Operate
the engine at high idle for one minute in order to
purge air from the cavities of the engine block.
Stop the engine.
3. Pour more ELC into the cooling system until the
cooling system is full.
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is
not damaged, use a 9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump
in order to pressure test the cooling system filler
cap. The correct pressure for the cooling system
filler cap is stamped on the face of the cooling
system filler cap. If the cooling system filler cap
does not retain the correct pressure, install a new
cooling system filler cap.

7. Clean the cap for the coolant recovery tank. Install

the cap for the coolant recovery tank.
8. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks and for proper operating temperature.

Engines that are NOT Equipped with a

Coolant Recovery Tank
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
1. Fill the cooling system with Extended Life Coolant
(ELC). Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations
topic (Maintenance Section) for more information
on cooling system specifications. Do not install the
cooling system filler cap.
2. Start the engine and operate the engine at low
idle. Increase the engine rpm to high idle. Operate
the engine at high idle for one minute in order to
purge air from the cavities of the engine block.
Stop the engine.
3. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level
within 13 mm (.5 inch) below the bottom of the
pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level within
13 mm (.5 inch) to the proper level on the sight
glass (if equipped).
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is
not damaged, use a 9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump
in order to pressure test the cooling system filler
cap. The correct pressure for the cooling system
filler cap is stamped on the face of the cooling
system filler cap. If the cooling system filler cap
does not retain the correct pressure, install a new
cooling system filler cap.
5. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks and for proper operating temperature.

56
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add

i02106346

Cooling System Coolant

Extender (ELC) - Add
SMCS Code: 1352-045; 1395-081
Caterpillar Extended Life Coolant (ELC) does not
require the frequent Supplemental Coolant Additive
(SCA) additions which are associated with the
present conventional coolants. The Extender only
needs to be added once.
Check the cooling system only when the engine is
stopped and cool.

Illustration 29

g00285520

1. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in

order to relieve pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap.

Cooling system filler cap

2. It may be necessary to drain enough coolant from

the cooling system in order to add the Extender.

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.

3. Add Extender according to the requirements for

your engines cooling system capacity. Refer
to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Refill Capacities and Recommendations in
the Maintenance Section for more information
concerning the Caterpillar ELC Extender additions.
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gaskets on the cooling system filler cap. Replace
the cooling system filler cap if the gaskets are
damaged. Install the cooling system filler cap.

1. Remove the cooling system filler cap slowly in

order to relieve pressure.
2. Maintain the coolant level within 13 mm (0.5 inch)
of the bottom of the filler pipe. If the engine is
equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant
level to the proper level in the sight glass.

i01197583

Cooling System Coolant Level

- Check
SMCS Code: 1395-082
Check the coolant level when the engine is stopped
and cool.

Illustration 30

g00103639

Typical filler cap gaskets

3. Clean the cooling system filler cap and check the

condition of the filler cap gaskets. Replace the
cooling system filler cap if the filler cap gaskets are
damaged. Reinstall the cooling system filler cap.
4. Inspect the cooling system for leaks.

57
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) - Obtain

i01987707

i01987714

Cooling System Coolant

Sample (Level 1) - Obtain

Cooling System Coolant

Sample (Level 2) - Obtain

SMCS Code: 1350-008; 1395-008; 1395-554; 7542

SMCS Code: 1350-008; 1395-008; 1395-554; 7542

NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.

NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.

Note: Level 1 results may indicate a need for

Level 2 Analysis.

Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual,

Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) - Obtain
for the guidelines for proper sampling of the coolant.

Obtain the sample of the coolant as close as possible

to the recommended sampling interval. In order
to receive the full effect of SOS analysis, you
must establish a consistent trend of data. In order
to establish a pertinent history of data, perform
consistent samplings that are evenly spaced.
Supplies for collecting samples can be obtained from
your Caterpillar dealer.
Use the following guidelines for proper sampling of
the coolant:

Complete the information on the label for the

sampling bottle before you begin to take the
samples.

Keep the unused sampling bottles stored in plastic

bags.

Obtain coolant samples directly from the coolant

sample port. You should not obtain the samples
from any other location.

Submit the sample for Level 2 analysis.

For additional information about coolant
analysis, see Special Publication, SEBU6251,
Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engines Fluids
Recommendations or consult your Caterpillar dealer.
i02093741

Cooling System Supplemental

Coolant Additive (SCA) Test/Add
SMCS Code: 1352-045; 1395-081
This maintenance procedure is required for
conventional coolants such as DEAC and for
mixtures of water and SCA. This maintenance is
NOT required for cooling systems that are filled
with Extended Life Coolant.

Keep the lids on empty sampling bottles until you

are ready to collect the sample.

Place the sample in the mailing tube immediately

after obtaining the sample in order to avoid
contamination.

Cooling system coolant additive contains alkali.

To help prevent personal injury, avoid contact with
the skin and eyes. Do not drink cooling system
coolant additive.

Never collect samples from expansion bottles.

Never collect samples from the drain for a system.
Submit the sample for Level 1 analysis.
For additional information about coolant analysis,
see Special Publication, SEBU6251, Caterpillar
Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations
or consult your Caterpillar dealer.

Note: Caterpillar recommends an SOS coolant

analysis (Level 1).

58
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) - Test/Add

Test the Concentration of the SCA

Coolant/Antifreeze and SCA
NOTICE
Do not exceed the recommended six percent supplemental coolant additive concentration.
Test the concentration of the SCA with the 8T-5296
Coolant Conditioner Test Kit.

Water and SCA

NOTICE
Do not exceed the recommended eight percent supplemental coolant additive concentration.
Test the concentration of the SCA with the 8T-5296
Coolant Conditioner Test Kit. Use the instructions
that follow:
1. Fill the syringe to the 1.0 ml mark with the
coolant.
2. Dispense the 1.0 mL coolant sample from the
syringe into the empty mixing bottle.
3. Add tap water to the mixing bottle in order to bring
the level up to the 10 ml mark. Place the cap on
the bottle and shake the bottle.
4. Add 2 to 3 drops of the NITRITE INDICATOR
SOLUTION B to the mixing bottle. Move the bottle
in a circular motion in order to mix the solution.
5. Add 1 drop of NITRITE TEST SOLUTION A to
the mixing bottle. Move the bottle in a circular
motion in order to mix the solution.
6. Repeat 5 until the solution changes color from red
to light gray, green, or blue. Record the number of
drops of NITRITE TEST SOLUTION A that were
required to cause the color change.
7. Use Table 10 to interpret the results.

Table 10

Number of
Drops

Concentration
of SCA

Maintenance
Required

Less than 25

Less than the

recommended
concentration of
SCA

Add SCA.
Retest the
coolant.

25 to 30

The
recommended
concentration of
SCA

None

More than 30

More than the

recommended
concentration of
SCA

Remove the
coolant.
Replace with
water only
Retest the
coolant.

Add the SCA, If Necessary

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.
1. Remove the cooling system filler cap slowly.
Note: Always dispose of fluids according to local
regulations.
2. If necessary, drain some coolant in order to allow
space for the addition of the SCA.
NOTICE
Excessive supplemental coolant additive concentration can form deposits on the higher temperature surfaces of the cooling system, reducing the engines
heat transfer characteristics. Reduced heat transfer
could cause cracking of the cylinder head and other
high temperature components.
Excessive supplemental coolant additive concentration could also result in blockage of the heat exchanger, overheating, and/or accelerated wear of the water
pump seal.
Do not exceed the recommended amount of supplemental coolant additive concentration.

59
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Water Temperature Regulator - Replace

3. Add the proper amount of SCA. For the

proper amount of SCA, refer to this Operation
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities
and Recommendations topic. The proper
concentration of SCA depends on the type of
coolant that is used. For the proper concentration
of SCA, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251,
Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids
Recommendations.
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Install the
cooling system filler cap.
i00912898

Cooling System Water

Temperature Regulator Replace
SMCS Code: 1355-510
Replace the water temperature regulator before
the water temperature regulator fails. This is a
recommended preventive maintenance practice.
Replacing the water temperature regulator reduces
the chances for unscheduled downtime.
A water temperature regulator that fails in a
partially opened position can cause overheating or
overcooling of the engine.
A water temperature regulator that fails in the closed
position can cause excessive overheating. Excessive
overheating could result in cracking of the cylinder
head or piston seizure problems.
A water temperature regulator that fails in the open
position will cause the engine operating temperature
to be too low during partial load operation. Low
engine operating temperatures during partial loads
could cause an excessive carbon buildup inside the
cylinders. This excessive carbon buildup could result
in an accelerated wear of the piston rings and wear
of the cylinder liner.

NOTICE
Failure to replace your water temperature regulator
on a regularly scheduled basis could cause severe
engine damage.
Caterpillar engines incorporate a shunt design cooling
system and require operating the engine with a water
temperature regulator installed.
If the water temperature regulator is installed incorrectly, the engine may overheat, causing cylinder head
damage. Ensure that the new water temperature regulator is installed in the original position. Ensure that
the water temperature regulator vent hole is open.
Do not use liquid gasket material on the gasket or
cylinder head surface.
Refer to the Service Manual for the replacement
procedure of the water temperature regulator, or
consult your Caterpillar dealer.
Note: If only the water temperature regulators are
replaced, drain the coolant from the cooling system to
a level that is below the water temperature regulator
housing.
i00934535

Crankshaft Vibration Damper

- Inspect
SMCS Code: 1205-040
Damage to the crankshaft vibration damper or failure
of the crankshaft vibration damper can increase
torsional vibrations. This can result in damage to
the crankshaft and to other engine components. A
damper that is damaged can cause excessive gear
train noise at variable points in the speed range.
The damper is mounted to the crankshaft which is
located behind the belt guard on the front of the
engine.

Visconic Damper
The visconic damper has a weight that is located
inside a fluid filled case. The weight moves in the
case in order to limit torsional vibration.
Inspect the damper for evidence of fluid leaks. If
a fluid leak is found, determine the type of fluid.
The fluid in the damper is silicone. Silicone has
the following characteristics: transparent, viscous,
smooth, and difficult to remove from surfaces.

60
Maintenance Section
Driven Equipment - Check

If the fluid leak is oil, inspect the crankshaft seals for

leaks. If a leak is observed, replace the crankshaft
seals.

Reusability Guidelines

Inspect the damper and repair or replace the damper

for any of the following reasons:

Inspect the Rear Gear Train

The damper is dented, cracked, or leaking.

Inspect the crankshaft gear. If excessive wear is

found, replace the crankshaft gear and the large
cluster idler.

The paint on the damper is discolored from heat.

The engine has had a failure because of a broken
crankshaft.

Analysis of the oil has revealed that the front main

bearing is badly worn.

There is a large amount of gear train wear that is

not caused by a lack of oil.

Refer to the Service Manual or consult your

Caterpillar dealer for information about damper
replacement.
i00934883

Driven Equipment - Check

Replacement instructions

If any gear causes damage to other gears through

failure, replace the entire rear gear train.
For the correct parts, see the Parts Manual for the
engine. For removal and replacement instructions,
see the Service Manual, Disassembly and
Assembly module. Consult your Caterpillar dealer
for assistance.
i02070777

Electronic Unit Injector Inspect/Adjust

SMCS Code: 1251-025; 1251-040; 1290-025;
1290-040

SMCS Code: 3279-535

Check the Alignment

To minimize bearing problems and vibration of the
engine crankshaft and the driven equipment, the
alignment between the engine and driven equipment
must be properly maintained.
Check the alignment according to the instructions
that are provided by the following manufacturers:

Caterpillar
OEM of the drive coupling
OEM of the driven equipment
Torque all of the fasteners to the proper specifications.

Inspect the Drive Coupling

Inspect the drive coupling according to the
instructions that are provided by the OEM of the
coupling. For the following service information, see
the literature that is provided by the OEM of the
coupling:

Lubrication requirements
Specifications for the end play

Be sure the engine cannot be started while this

maintenance is being performed. To prevent possible injury, do not use the starting motor to turn
the flywheel.
Hot engine components can cause burns. Allow
additional time for the engine to cool before measuring/adjusting the unit injectors.
The electronic unit injectors use high voltage. Disconnect the unit injector enable circuit connector
in order to prevent personal injury. Do not come
in contact with the injector terminals while the engine is running.
The operation of Caterpillar engines with improper
adjustments of the electronic unit injector can reduce
engine efficiency. This reduced efficiency could result
in excessive fuel usage and/or shortened engine
component life.
Only qualified service personnel should perform
this maintenance. Refer to the following topics
for your engine for the correct procedure: Refer
to the Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting,
Electronic Unit Injector - Test for the test procedure,
and Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting,
Electronic Unit Injector - Adjust for the correct
procedure for adjusting the injectors.

61
Maintenance Section
Electronics Grounding Stud - Inspect/Clean/Tighten

NOTICE
The camshafts must be correctly timed with the crankshaft before an adjustment of the lash for the fuel injector is made. The timing pins must be removed from
the camshafts before the crankshaft is turned or damage to the cylinder block will be the result.

i02052170

Electronics Grounding Stud Inspect/Clean/Tighten

SMCS Code: 7423-040; 7423-070; 7423-079

The connection of battery cables to a battery and

the disconnection of battery cables from a battery
may cause an explosion which may result in injury
or death. The connection and the disconnection
of other electrical equipment may also cause an
explosion which may result in injury or death. The
procedures for the connection and the disconnection of battery cables and other electrical equipment should only be performed in a nonexplosive
atmosphere.

The electronics grounding stud must have a wire

ground to the battery. Tighten the electronics
grounding stud at every oil change. Ground wires
and straps should be combined at engine grounds.
All grounds should be tight and free of corrosion.

Clean the electronics grounding stud and the

terminals for the electronics ground strap with a

clean cloth.

If the connections are corroded, clean the

connections with a solution of baking soda and

water.

Keep the electronics grounding stud and the strap

clean and coated with MPGM grease or petroleum

jelly.
i01646701

Engine - Clean
SMCS Code: 1000-070

Personal injury or death can result from high voltage.

Moisture can create paths of electrical conductivity.
Make sure that the electrical system is OFF. Lock
out the starting controls and tag the controls DO
NOT OPERATE.
NOTICE
Accumulated grease and oil on an engine is a fire hazard. Keep the engine clean. Remove debris and fluid
spills whenever a significant quantity accumulates on
the engine.
Periodic cleaning of the engine is recommended.
Steam cleaning the engine will remove accumulated
oil and grease. A clean engine provides the following
benefits:

Easy detection of fluid leaks

Illustration 31

g00765094

Electronics grounding stud (side view)

Inspect the OEM harness for good connections.

Inspect the condition of the OEM harness.

Maximum heat transfer characteristics

Ease of maintenance
Note: Caution must be used in order to prevent
electrical components from being damaged by
excessive water when you clean the engine. Avoid
electrical components such as the alternator, the
starter, and the ECM.

62
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Clean/Replace

i01553486

Engine Air Cleaner Element

(Dual Element) - Clean/Replace
SMCS Code: 1054-037; 1054-510
NOTICE
Never run the engine without an air cleaner element
installed. Never run the engine with a damaged air
cleaner element. Do not use air cleaner elements with
damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Dirt entering the
engine causes premature wear and damage to engine
components. Air cleaner elements help to prevent airborne debris from entering the air inlet.
NOTICE
Never service the air cleaner element with the engine
running since this will allow dirt to enter the engine.

Dual Element Air Cleaners

The dual element air cleaner contains a primary
air cleaner element and a secondary air cleaner
element. The primary air cleaner element can be
used up to six times if the element is properly cleaned
and inspected. The primary air cleaner element
should be replaced at least one time per year. This
replacement should be performed regardless of the
number of cleanings.
The secondary air cleaner element is not serviceable
or washable. The secondary air cleaner element
should be removed and discarded for every three
cleanings of the primary air cleaner element. When
the engine is operating in environments that are
dusty or dirty, air cleaner elements may require more
frequent replacement.

Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements

If the air cleaner element becomes plugged, the air
can split the material of the air cleaner element.
Unfiltered air will drastically accelerate internal engine
wear. Your Caterpillar dealer has the proper air
cleaner elements for your application. Consult your
Caterpillar dealer for the correct air cleaner element.

Check the precleaner (if equipped) daily for

accumulation of dirt and debris. Remove any dirt

and debris, as needed.

Operating conditions (dust, dirt and debris) may

require more frequent service of the air cleaner
element.

Illustration 32
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

g00736431

Cover
Primary air cleaner element
Secondary air cleaner element
Turbocharger air inlet

The air cleaner element may be cleaned up to

1. Remove the cover. Remove the primary air

cleaner element.

The air cleaner element should be replaced at least

2. The secondary air cleaner element should be

removed and discarded for every three cleanings
of the primary air cleaner element.

six times if the element is properly cleaned and

inspected.
one time per year. This replacement should be
performed regardless of the number of cleanings.

Replace the dirty paper air cleaner elements with

clean air cleaner elements. Before installation, the
air cleaner elements should be thoroughly checked
for tears and/or holes in the filter material. Inspect
the gasket or the seal of the air cleaner element for
damage. Maintain a supply of suitable air cleaner
elements for replacement purposes.

Note: Refer to Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner

Elements.
3. Cover the turbocharger air inlet with tape in order
to keep dirt out.
4. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cover and body
with a clean, dry cloth.
5. Remove the tape for the turbocharger air inlet.
Install the secondary air cleaner element. Install a
primary air cleaner element that is new or cleaned.
6. Install the air cleaner cover.
7. Reset the air cleaner service indicator.

63
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Clean/Replace

Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner

Elements
NOTICE
Caterpillar recommends certified air filter cleaning services that are available at Caterpillar dealers. The
Caterpillar cleaning process uses proven procedures
to assure consistent quality and sufficient filter life.

Pressurized Air
Pressurized air can be used to clean primary air
cleaner elements that have not been cleaned more
than two times. Pressurized air will not remove
deposits of carbon and oil. Use filtered, dry air with a
maximum pressure of 207 kPa (30 psi).

Observe the following guidelines if you attempt to

clean the filter element:
Do not tap or strike the filter element in order to remove dust.
Do not wash the filter element.
Use low pressure compressed air in order to remove
the dust from the filter element. Air pressure must not
exceed 207 kPa (30 psi). Direct the air flow up the
pleats and down the pleats from the inside of the filter
element. Take extreme care in order to avoid damage
to the pleats.
Do not use air filters with damaged pleats, gaskets, or
seals. Dirt entering the engine will cause damage to
engine components.
The primary air cleaner element can be used up
to six times if the element is properly cleaned and
inspected. When the primary air cleaner element is
cleaned, check for rips or tears in the filter material.
The primary air cleaner element should be replaced
at least one time per year. This replacement should
be performed regardless of the number of cleanings.
Use clean primary air cleaner elements while dirty
elements are being cleaned.
NOTICE
Do not clean the air cleaner elements by bumping or
tapping. This could damage the seals. Do not use elements with damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Damaged elements will allow dirt to pass through. Engine
damage could result.
Visually inspect the primary air cleaner elements
before cleaning. Inspect the air cleaner elements for
damage to the seal, the gaskets, and the outer cover.
Discard any damaged air cleaner elements.
There are two common methods that are used to
clean primary air cleaner elements:

Pressurized air
Vacuum cleaning

Illustration 33

g00281692

Note: When the primary air cleaner elements are

cleaned, always begin with the clean side (inside)
in order to force dirt particles toward the dirty side
(outside).
Aim the hose so that the air flows inside the element
along the length of the filter in order to help prevent
damage to the paper pleats. Do not aim the stream
of air directly at the primary air cleaner element. Dirt
could be forced further into the pleats.
Note: Refer to Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner
Elements.

Vacuum Cleaning
Vacuum cleaning is a good method for cleaning
primary air cleaner elements which require daily
cleaning because of a dry, dusty environment.
Cleaning with pressurized air is recommended prior
to vacuum cleaning. Vacuum cleaning will not remove
deposits of carbon and oil.
Note: Refer to Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner
Elements.

64
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect

Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner

Elements

Do not use paint, a waterproof cover, or plastic as a

protective covering for storage. An airflow restriction
may result. To protect against dirt and damage, wrap
the primary air cleaner elements in Volatile Corrosion
Inhibited (VCI) paper.
Place the primary air cleaner element into a box
for storage. For identification, mark the outside of
the box and mark the primary air cleaner element.
Include the following information:

Date of cleaning
Number of cleanings
Store the box in a dry location.
Illustration 34

g00281693
i01900118

Inspect the clean, dry primary air cleaner element.

Use a 60 watt blue light in a dark room or in a similar
facility. Place the blue light in the primary air cleaner
element. Rotate the primary air cleaner element.
Inspect the primary air cleaner element for tears
and/or holes. Inspect the primary air cleaner element
for light that may show through the filter material. If it
is necessary in order to confirm the result, compare
the primary air cleaner element to a new primary air
cleaner element that has the same part number.
Do not use a primary air cleaner element that has
any tears and/or holes in the filter material. Do not
use a primary air cleaner element with damaged
pleats, gaskets or seals. Discard damaged primary
air cleaner elements.

Storing Primary Air Cleaner Elements

If a primary air cleaner element that passes inspection
will not be used, the primary air cleaner element can
be stored for future use.

Illustration 35

Engine Air Cleaner Service

Indicator - Inspect
(If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 7452-040
Some engines may be equipped with a different
service indicator.
Some engines are equipped with a differential gauge
for inlet air pressure. The differential gauge for inlet
air pressure displays the difference in the pressure
that is measured before the air cleaner element and
the pressure that is measured after the air cleaner
element. As the air cleaner element becomes dirty,
the pressure differential rises. If your engine is
equipped with a different type of service indicator,
follow the OEM recommendations in order to service
the air cleaner service indicator.
The service indicator may be mounted on the air
cleaner housing or in a remote location.

g00281694

Illustration 36
Typical service indicator

g00103777

65
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Precleaner - Check/Clean

Observe the service indicator. The air cleaner

element should be cleaned or the air cleaner element
should be replaced when one of the following
conditions occur:

Engine Air Precleaner Check/Clean

The yellow diaphragm enters the red zone.

SMCS Code: 1055-070; 1055-535

i00720883

The red piston locks in the visible position.

Test the Service Indicator

Service indicators are important instruments.

Check for ease of resetting. The service indicator

should reset in less than three pushes.

Check the movement of the yellow core when the

engine is accelerated to the engine rated speed.

The yellow core should latch approximately at the
greatest vacuum that is attained.
g00287039

If the service indicator does not reset easily, or if the

yellow core does not latch at the greatest vacuum,
the service indicator should be replaced. If the new
service indicator will not reset, the hole for the service
indicator may be plugged.

Illustration 37

The service indicator may need to be replaced

frequently in environments that are severely dusty, if
necessary. Replace the service indicator annually
regardless of the operating conditions. Replace the
service indicator when the engine is overhauled, and
whenever major engine components are replaced.

Remove wing nut (1) and cover (2). Check for an

accumulation of dirt and debris in body (3). Clean the
body, if necessary.

Note: When a new service indicator is installed,

excessive force may crack the top of the service
indicator. Tighten the service indicator to a torque
of 2 Nm (18 lb in).

Note: When the engine is operated in dusty

applications, more frequent cleaning is required.

Typical engine precleaner

(1) Wing nut
(2) Cover
(3) Body

After cleaning the precleaner, install cover (2) and

wing nut (1).

i01776523

Engine Crankcase Breather Clean

SMCS Code: 1317-070
NOTICE
Perform this maintenance with the engine stopped.
If the crankcase breather is not maintained on a
regular basis, the crankcase breather will become
plugged. A plugged crankcase breather will cause
excessive crankcase pressure that may cause
crankshaft seal leakage.

66
Maintenance Section
Engine Mounts - Inspect

Illustration 38

g00908595

Illustration 40

g00908595

1. Loosen hose clamp (1) and remove hose (2) from

valve cover (3).

4. Install the valve cover (3). Refer to the

Disassembly and Assembly Manual.

2. Remove the valve cover (3). Refer to the

Disassembly and Assembly Manual.

5. Install hose (2) on valve cover (3). Install hose

clamp (1).
i00687861

Engine Mounts - Inspect

SMCS Code: 1152-040
Inspect the engine mounts for deterioration and for
proper bolt torque. Engine vibration can be caused
by the following conditions:

Improper mounting of the engine

Deterioration of the engine mounts
Any engine mount that shows deterioration should
be replaced. Refer to the Service Manual for the
recommended torques. Refer to your Caterpillar
dealer for more information.

Illustration 39

i02073191

g00908611

3. Wash breather (4) in solvent that is clean and

nonflammable. Allow the breather to dry before
installation.

Engine Oil Level - Check

SMCS Code: 1348-535-FLV

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.

67
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil Sample - Obtain

NOTICE
Engine damage can occur if the crankcase is filled
above the FULL mark on the oil level gauge (dipstick).
An overfull crankcase can enable the crankshaft to
dip into the oil. This will reduce the power that is developed and also force air bubbles into the oil. These
bubbles (foam) can cause the following problems: reduction of the oils ability to lubricate, reduction of oil
pressure, inadequate cooling of the pistons, oil blowing out of the crankcase breathers, and excessive oil
consumption.
Excessive oil consumption will enable deposits to form
on the pistons and in the combustion chamber. Deposits in the combustion chamber lead to the following
problems: guttering of the valves, packing of carbon
under the piston rings, and wear of the cylinder liner.
Illustration 41

g00622328

(1) Oil level gauge

(2) Oil filler cap

If the oil level is above the FULL mark on the oil level
gauge, drain some of the oil immediately.
2. Remove oil filler cap (2) and add oil, if necessary.
For the correct oil to use, see this Operation
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities and
Recommendations topic (Maintenance Section).
Do not fill the crankcase above FULL mark (X)
on the oil level gauge. Clean the oil filler cap.
Install the oil filler cap.

Illustration 42

g00110310

(Y) ADD mark

(X) FULL mark

NOTICE
Perform this maintenance with the engine stopped.

3. Record the amount of oil that is added. For the

next oil sample and analysis, include the total
amount of oil that has been added since the
previous sample. This will help to provide the most
accurate oil analysis.
i01935337

1. Maintain the oil level between ADD mark (Y) and

FULL mark (X) on oil level gauge (1). Do not fill
the crankcase above FULL mark (X).

Engine Oil Sample - Obtain

SMCS Code: 1000-008; 1348-554-SM;
7542-554-OC, SM
In addition to a good preventive maintenance
program, Caterpillar recommends using SOS oil
analysis at regularly scheduled intervals in order
to monitor the condition of the engine and the
maintenance requirements of the engine. SOS oil
analysis provides infrared analysis, which is required
for determining nitration and oxidation levels.

68
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil and Filter - Change

Obtain the Sample and the Analysis

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.
Before you take the oil sample, complete the Label,
PEEP5031 for identification of the sample. In order
to help obtain the most accurate analysis, provide
the following information:

Engine model
Service hours on the engine

For instructions, see Special Publication, PEHP6001,

How To Take A Good Oil Sample. Consult your
Caterpillar dealer for complete information and
assistance in establishing an SOS program for your
engine.
i02107152

Engine Oil and Filter - Change

SMCS Code: 1318-510; 1348-044

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.

The number of hours that have accumulated since

the last oil change

To ensure that the sample is representative of the

oil in the crankcase, obtain a warm, well mixed oil
sample.

Do not drain the oil when the engine is cold. As the oil
cools, suspended waste particles settle on the bottom
of the oil pan. The waste particles are not removed
with the draining cold oil. Drain the crankcase with
the engine stopped. Drain the crankcase with the
oil warm. This draining method allows the waste
particles that are suspended in the oil to be drained
properly.

To avoid contamination of the oil samples, the tools

and the supplies that are used for obtaining oil
samples must be clean.

Failure to follow this recommended procedure will

cause the waste particles to be recirculated through
the engine lubrication system with the new oil.

Caterpillar recommends using the sampling valve

in order to obtain oil samples. The quality and the
consistency of the samples are better when the
sampling valve is used. The location of the sampling
valve allows oil that is flowing under pressure to be
obtained during normal engine operation.

Drain the Engine Oil

The 169-8373 Fluid Sampling Bottle is

recommended for use with the sampling valve. The
fluid sampling bottle includes the parts that are
needed for obtaining oil samples. Instructions are
also provided.

If the engine is equipped with a drain valve, turn the

The amount of oil that has been added since the

last oil change

NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.
If the engine is not equipped with a sampling valve,
use the 1U-5718 Vacuum Pump. The pump is
designed to accept sampling bottles. Disposable
tubing must be attached to the pump for insertion
into the sump.

After the engine has been run at the normal operating

temperature, stop the engine. Use one of the
following methods to drain the engine crankcase oil:
drain valve knob counterclockwise in order to drain
the oil. After the oil has drained, turn the drain valve
knob clockwise in order to close the drain valve.

If the engine is not equipped with a drain valve,

remove the oil drain plug in order to allow the oil

to drain. If the engine is equipped with a shallow
sump, remove the bottom oil drain plugs from both
ends of the oil pan.

After the oil has drained, the oil drain plugs should
be cleaned and installed.

69
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil and Filter - Change

Replace the Oil Filter

NOTICE
Caterpillar oil filters are built to Caterpillar specifications. Use of an oil filter not recommended by
Caterpillar could result in severe engine damage to
the engine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of
the larger waste particles from unfiltered oil entering
the engine lubricating system. Only use oil filters
recommended by Caterpillar.
1. Remove the oil filter with a 1U-8760 Chain
Wrench.
2. Cut the oil filter open with a 175-7546 Oil Filter
Cutter Gp. Break apart the pleats and inspect the
oil filter for metal debris. An excessive amount
of metal debris in the oil filter may indicate early
wear or a pending failure.
Use a magnet to differentiate between the ferrous
metals and the nonferrous metals that are found in
the oil filter element. Ferrous metals may indicate
wear on the steel and cast iron parts of the engine.
Nonferrous metals may indicate wear on the
aluminum parts, brass parts or bronze parts of
the engine. Parts that may be affected include
the following items: main bearings, rod bearings,
turbocharger bearings, and cylinder heads.
Due to normal wear and friction, it is not
uncommon to find small amounts of debris in the
oil filter. Consult your Caterpillar dealer in order
to arrange for a further analysis if an excessive
amount of debris is found in the oil filter.

NOTICE
Do not fill the oil filters with oil before installing them.
This oil would not be filtered and could be contaminated. Contaminated oil can cause accelerated wear to
engine components.
5. Install the oil filter. Tighten the oil filter until the
oil filter gasket contacts the base. Tighten the oil
filter by hand according to the instructions that are
shown on the oil filter. Do not overtighten the oil
filter.

Fill the Engine Crankcase

1. Remove the oil filler cap. Refer to the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities and
Recommendations for more information.
NOTICE
If equipped with an auxiliary oil filter system or a remote oil filter system, follow the OEM or filter manufacturers recommendations. Under filling or overfilling
the crankcase with oil can cause engine damage.
NOTICE
To prevent crankshaft bearing damage, crank the engine with the fuel OFF. This will fill the oil filters before
starting the engine. Do not crank the engine for more
than 30 seconds.
2. Start the engine and run the engine at LOW
IDLE for two minutes. Perform this procedure in
order to ensure that the lubrication system has
oil and that the oil filters are filled. Inspect the oil
filter for oil leaks.
3. Stop the engine and allow the oil to drain back to
the sump for a minimum of ten minutes.
4. Remove the oil level gauge in order to check the
oil level. Maintain the oil level between the ADD
and FULL marks on the oil level gauge.

Illustration 43

g00103713

Typical filter mounting base and filter gasket

3. Clean the sealing surface of the filter mounting

base. Ensure that all of the old oil filter gasket is
removed.
4. Apply clean engine oil to the new oil filter gasket.

70
Maintenance Section
Engine Protective Devices - Check

i02074911

i01464654

Engine Protective Devices Check

Engine Speed/Timing Sensors

- Check/Clean/Calibrate

SMCS Code: 7400-535

SMCS Code: 1912-040; 1912-070; 1912-524

Visual Inspection
Visually check the condition of all gauges, sensors
and wiring. Look for wiring and components that
are loose, broken, or damaged. Damaged wiring
or components should be repaired or replaced
immediately.

Calibration Check
NOTICE
During testing, abnormal operating conditions must be
simulated.
The tests must be performed correctly in order to prevent possible damage to the engine.
Alarms and shutoffs must function properly. Alarms
provide timely warning to the operator. Shutoffs help
to prevent damage to the engine. It is impossible
to determine if the engine protective devices are
in good working order during normal operation.
Malfunctions must be simulated in order to test the
engine protective devices. To prevent damage to the
engine, only authorized service personnel or your
Caterpillar dealer should perform the tests.

For the calibration of temperature contactors, see

Special Instruction, SEHS9827, Calibration of
Temperature Contactors.

For the calibration of pressure contactors, see

Special Instruction, SEHS9828, Calibration of

Pressure Contactors.

Consult your Caterpillar dealer or refer to the Service

Manual for more information.

Illustration 44

g00765246

Left side view

(1) Secondary speed/timing sensor
(2) Primary speed/timing sensor

1. Remove the speed/timing sensors from the front

housing. Check the condition of the plastic end
of the speed/timing sensors for wear and/or
contaminants.
2. Clean the metal shavings and other debris from
the face of the speed/timing sensors. Use the
procedure in the Service Manual in order to
calibrate the speed/timing sensors.
Refer to the Service Manual for more information on
the speed/timing sensors.

71
Maintenance Section
Engine Storage Procedure - Check

i01458399

i01849001

Engine Storage Procedure Check

Engine Valve Lash Inspect/Adjust

SMCS Code: 1000-535

SMCS Code: 1102-025

The oil change interval may be extended to 12

months for a vehicle that is operated seasonally
and placed in storage for the remainder of the year
by using the required storage procedures and the
required start-up procedures. This extension is
permitted if the following categories for oil change
intervals in the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Maintenance Interval Schedule have not been
reached:

The initial valve lash adjustment on new engines,

rebuilt engines, or remanufactured engines is
recommended at the first scheduled oil change. The
adjustment is necessary due to the initial wear of
the valve train components and to the seating of the
valve train components.

Mileage
Operating hours
Fuel consumption
If an engine is out of operation and if use of the
engine is not planned, special precautions should
be made. If the engine will be stored for more than
three months, a complete protection procedure is
recommended. For more detailed information on
engine storage, see Special Instruction, SEHS9031,
Storage Procedure For Caterpillar Products.
If the engine will not be started for several weeks, the
lubricating oil will drain from the cylinder walls and
from the piston rings. Rust can form on the cylinder
liner surface. Rust on the cylinder liner surface will
cause increased engine wear and a reduction in
engine service life. Caterpillar recommends the
use of volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) oil in order
to prevent internal engine damage due to moisture
during storage. These inhibitors in the VCI oil act by
evaporating inside the engine. The inhibitors then
condense over the inside surfaces of the engine. The
evaporation process and the condensing process
offers full protection to surfaces that cannot be
reached with preservatives. 0.9 L (1.0 qt) of 4C-6792
VCI oil will treat 28.4 L (30.0 qt) of engine oil. This
will give a 3 percent concentration of VCI oil. The
engine must be completely sealed when the engine
is stored in order for the VCI oil to function properly.
The VCI oil is easily cleaned from the engine when
you remove the engine from storage. The volatile
vapors are removed by simply running the engine
to operating temperature. A mineral oil base is left
behind after the volatile vapors are removed.

This maintenance is recommended by Caterpillar

as part of a lubrication and preventive maintenance
schedule in order to help provide maximum engine
life.
NOTICE
Only qualified service personnel should perform this
maintenance. Refer to the Service Manual or your
Caterpillar dealer for the complete valve lash adjustment procedure.
Operation of Caterpillar engines with improper valve
adjustments can reduce engine efficiency. This reduced efficiency could result in excessive fuel usage
and/or shortened engine component life.

Ensure that the engine can not be started while

this maintenance is being performed. To help prevent possible injury, do not use the starting motor
to turn the flywheel.
Hot engine components can cause burns. Allow
additional time for the engine to cool before measuring/adjusting valve lash clearance.
Ensure that the engine is stopped before measuring
the valve lash. To obtain an accurate measurement,
allow the valves to cool before this maintenance is
performed.
The following components should be inspected and
adjusted when the valves are inspected and adjusted.

Valve actuators
Injectors
Compression brakes
Refer to the Service Manual for more information.

72
Maintenance Section
Engine Valve Rotators - Inspect

i01597115

Engine Valve Rotators - Inspect

SMCS Code: 1109-040

When inspecting the valve rotators, protective

glasses or face shield and protective clothing
must be worn, to help prevent being burned by
hot oil or spray.
Engine valve rotators rotate the valves when the
engine runs. This helps to prevent deposits from
building up on the valves and the valve seats.

Illustration 45

Perform the following steps after the engine valve

lash is set, but before the valve covers are installed:

The pulley is shown with the belt guards that have been removed.

1. Start the engine according to Operation and

Maintenance Manual, Engine Starting (Operation
Section) for the procedure.
2. Operate the engine at low idle.
3. Observe the top surface of each valve rotator.
The valve rotators should turn slightly when the
valves close.
NOTICE
A valve rotator which does not operate properly will
accelerate valve face wear and valve seat wear and
shorten valve life. If a damaged rotator is not replaced,
valve face guttering could result and cause pieces of
the valve to fall into the cylinder. This can cause piston
and cylinder head damage.
If a valve fails to rotate, consult your Caterpillar
dealer.

g00746166

Typical location of the grease fitting (if equipped) that is for the fan
drive bearing

Lubricate the grease fitting that is on the fan drive

bearing with Bearing Lubricant or the equivalent.
Inspect the fan drive pulley assembly for wear or for
damage. If the shaft is loose, an inspection of the
internal components should be performed. Refer to
the Service Manual for additional information.
i02053753

Fan Drive Bearing - Replace

SMCS Code: 1359-510-BD
1. Remove Bearings. Refer to Disassembly and
Assembly, Bearing Removal.
2. Measure the bearing housings for roundness and
for proper size.
3. Replace the bearings.
i02075183

i01797139

Fan Drive Bearing - Lubricate

Fuel System - Prime

SMCS Code: 1359-086-BD

SMCS Code: 1258-548

Some of the fan drives have grease fittings and some

of the fan drives do not have grease fittings. If there is
no grease fitting, periodic lubrication is not required.

The Secondary Fuel Filter Has

Been Replaced

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire. To help prevent possible injury, turn the start switch off when
changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.

73
Maintenance Section
Fuel System - Prime

NOTICE
Use a suitable container to catch any fuel that might
spill. Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.
NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over disconnected fuel system component.
Note: Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace for
information on replacing the filter.
1. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.

Note: There may be a noticeable change in the

sound of the running engine when the air purge
screw is tightened. The change in the sound of the
engine is normal.
Note: Failure to tighten all fittings could result in
serious fuel leaks.
6. Clean any residual fuel from the engine
components.
7. After the engine has operated smoothly for 30
seconds, turn the priming valve (3) to the Open
(Run) position.
Note: Shortened injector life may occur if the priming
valve (3) is left in the Closed (Prime) position.

The Engine Has Been Run Out of

Fuel
NOTICE
Use a suitable container to catch any fuel that might
spill. Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.
NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over disconnected fuel system component.
Illustration 46

g00975199

(1) Fuel priming pump

(2) Air purge screw
(3) Priming valve (If Equipped)

1. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.

2. Fill the fuel tank(s) with clean diesel fuel.

2. Turn the priming valve (3) (If Equipped) to the

Closed (Prime) position in order to prime the fuel
system.
3. Open air purge screw (2) for the fuel filter by three
full turns. Do not remove the air purge screw.
NOTICE
Do not crank the engine continuously for more than
30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
minutes before cranking the engine again.
4. Start the engine. The engine should start and the
engine should run smoothly.
Note: You may use the fuel priming pump for the fuel
filter (IF EQUIPPED) instead of starting the engine
and running the engine.
5. While the engine is running, observe air purge
screw (2). When a small drop of fuel appears
at the threads of the air purge screw, close and
tighten air purge screw (2).

Illustration 47

g00975199

(1) Fuel priming pump

(2) Air purge screw
(3) Priming valve (If Equipped)

3. Turn the priming valve (3) (If Equipped) to the

Closed (Prime) position in order to prime the fuel
system.

74
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator - Drain

4. Open air purge screw (2) for the fuel filter by three
full turns. Do not remove the air purge screw.
NOTICE
Do not crank the engine continuously for more than
30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
minutes before cranking the engine again.

NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over disconnected fuel system component.

5. Crank the engine for 30 seconds. Use a suitable

container to catch the fuel while you crank the
engine. Allow the starter motor to cool for 2
minutes.
Note: You may use the fuel priming pump (1) (IF
EQUIPPED) for the fuel filter instead of cranking the
engine.
6. Crank the engine for 30 seconds. Allow the starter
motor to cool for 2 minutes.
7. Repeat Step 6 until the engine starts and the
engine runs.
Note: Failure to tighten all fittings could result in
serious fuel leaks.
8. After the engine has operated smoothly for 30
seconds, turn the priming valve (3) to the Open
(Run) position.
Note: Shortened injector life may occur if the priming
valve (3) is left in the Closed (Prime) position.

Illustration 48

g00709596

(1) Element
(2) Bowl
(3) Drain

Bowl (2) should be monitored daily for signs of water.

If water is present, drain the water from the bowl.
1. Open drain (3). The drain is a self-ventilated drain.
Catch the draining water in a suitable container.
Dispose of the water properly.
2. Close drain (3).

9. Clean any residual fuel from the engine

components.
i01341997

Fuel System Primary

Filter/Water Separator - Drain

NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal
engine operation. Ensure that the drain valve is tightened securely to help prevent air from entering the fuel
system.

SMCS Code: 1260-543; 1263-543

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire. To help prevent possible injury, turn the start switch off when
changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.
NOTICE
Use a suitable container to catch any fuel that might
spill. Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.

i02053433

Fuel System Primary Filter

(Water Separator) Element Replace
SMCS Code: 1260-510-FQ; 1263-510-FQ
Water in the fuel can cause the engine to run rough.
Water in the fuel may cause a electronic unit injector
to fail. If the fuel has been contaminated with water,
the element should be changed before the regularly
scheduled interval.

75
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace

The primary filter/water separator also provides

filtration in order to help extend the life of the
secondary fuel filter. The element should be changed
regularly. If a vacuum gauge is installed, the
primary filter/water separator should be changed at
50 to 70 kPa (15 to 20 inches Hg).

Replace the Element

NOTICE
The primary filter/water separator may be prefilled with
fuel to avoid rough running/stalling of the engine due
to air. Do not fill the secondary filter with fuel before
installation. The fuel would not be filtered and could
be contaminated. Contaminated fuel will cause accelerated wear to fuel system parts.

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire.

7. Lubricate the top seal of element (1) with clean

diesel fuel. The element may be filled with fuel at
this time. Install the new element on the mounting
base. Tighten the element by hand.
NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal
engine operation. Ensure that the vent plug is tightened securely to help prevent air from entering the fuel system.

1. Close the main fuel supply valve.

8. Open the main fuel supply valve.

9. Start the engine and check for leaks. Run the
engine for one minute. Stop the engine and check
for leaks again.

Illustration 49

g00104012

Element (1), Bowl (2), and Drain (3)

2. Remove element (1) from the element mounting

base while bowl (2) is attached.
3. Dispose of the contents of the filter. Remove bowl
(2) from element (1). The bowl is reusable. Do not
discard the bowl. Dispose of the used element.

Detecting leaks is difficult while the engine is

running. The primary filter/water separator is
under suction. A leak will allow air to enter the fuel.
The air in the fuel can cause low power due to
aeration of the fuel. If air enters the fuel, check the
components for overtightening or undertightening.
i01776046

Fuel System Secondary Filter Replace

SMCS Code: 1261-510-SE

4. Remove the O-ring from the gland of the bowl.

Clean the following components:

Bowl
O-ring
Mounting base
Inspect the O-ring for damage and for
deterioration. Replace the O-ring, if necessary.
5. Lubricate the O-ring with clean diesel fuel.
6. Install bowl (2) on a new element. Tighten the
bowl by hand. Do not use tools in order to tighten
the bowl.

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire. To help prevent possible injury, turn the start switch off when
changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.
NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over any disconnected fuel system components.

76
Maintenance Section
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain

i01877350

NOTICE
Use a suitable container to catch any fuel that might
spill. Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.
1. Stop the engine. Turn the ignition switch to the
OFF position or disconnect the battery. Refer to
the Operation and Maintenance Manual, Battery
or Battery Cable - Disconnect topic (Maintenance
Section) for more information. Shut off the fuel
supply valve (if equipped).
2. It may be necessary to relieve residual fuel
pressure from the fuel system before the fuel
filter is removed. Wait for one to five minutes until
the fuel pressure has lowered. Use a suitable
container in order to catch any fuel that may spill.
3. Remove the used fuel filter and discard the used
fuel filter.
4. Clean the gasket sealing surface of the fuel filter
base. Ensure that all of the old gasket is removed.
5. Apply clean diesel fuel to the new fuel filter gasket.
NOTICE
Do not fill the secondary fuel filter with fuel before installing. The fuel would not be filtered and could be
contaminated. Contaminated fuel will cause accelerated wear to fuel system parts.
NOTICE
In order to maximize fuel system life and prevent premature wear out from abrasive particles in the fuel, a
two micron high efficiency fuel filter is required for all
Caterpillar Electronic Unit Injectors. Caterpillar High
Efficiency Fuel Filters meet these requirements. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for the proper part numbers.
6. Install the new fuel filter. Spin the fuel filter onto
the fuel filter base until the gasket contacts the
base. Use the rotation index marks on the filters
as a guide for proper tightening. Tighten the filter
according to the instructions that are on the fuel
filter. Do not overtighten the filter.
7. Open the fuel supply valve. The engine will need
to be purged of air. Refer to the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, Fuel System - Prime topic
(Maintenance Section) for more information.

Fuel Tank Water and Sediment

- Drain
SMCS Code: 1273-543-M&S
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Tools and Shop Products Guide for tools and supplies
suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar
products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.

Fuel Tank
Fuel quality is critical to the performance and to the
service life of the engine. Water in the fuel can cause
excessive wear to the fuel system. Condensation
occurs during the heating and cooling of fuel. The
condensation occurs as the fuel passes through the
fuel system and the fuel returns to the fuel tank. This
causes water to accumulate in fuel tanks. Draining
the fuel tank regularly and obtaining fuel from reliable
sources can help to eliminate water in the fuel.

Drain the Water and the Sediment

Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining
water and draining sediment from the bottom of the
fuel tanks.
Open the drain valve on the bottom of the fuel tank
in order to drain the water and the sediment. Close
the drain valve.
Check the fuel daily. Drain the water and sediment
from the fuel tank after operating the engine or drain
the water and sediment from the fuel tank after the
fuel tank has been filled. Allow five to ten minutes
before performing this procedure.
Fill the fuel tank after operating the engine in
order to drive out moist air. This will help prevent
condensation. Do not fill the tank to the top. The
fuel expands as the fuel gets warm. The tank may
overflow.

77
Maintenance Section
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace

Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water

and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel
supply pipe. Some fuel tanks use supply lines that
take fuel directly from the bottom of the tank. If
the engine is equipped with this system, regular
maintenance of the fuel system filter is important.

Fuel Storage Tanks

End fittings that are damaged or leaking

Outer covering that is chafed or cut
Exposed wire that is used for reinforcement
Outer covering that is ballooning locally
Flexible part of the hose that is kinked or crushed

Drain the water and the sediment from the fuel

storage tank during the following conditions:

Armoring that is embedded in the outer covering

A constant torque hose clamp can be used in place
of any standard hose clamp. Ensure that the constant
torque hose clamp is the same size as the standard
clamp.

Weekly
Oil change
Refill of the tank
This will help prevent water or sediment from being
pumped from the storage tank into the engine fuel
tank.
If a bulk storage tank has been refilled or moved
recently, allow adequate time for the sediment to
settle before filling the engine fuel tank. Internal
baffles in the bulk storage tank will also help trap
sediment. Filtering fuel that is pumped from the
storage tank helps to ensure the quality of the fuel.
When possible, water separators should be used.
i02104322

Hoses and Clamps Inspect/Replace

Due to extreme temperature changes, the hose will

heat set. Heat setting causes hose clamps to loosen.
This can result in leaks. A constant torque hose
clamp will help to prevent loose hose clamps.
Each installation application can be different. The
differences depend on the following factors:

Type of hose
Type of fitting material
Anticipated expansion and contraction of the hose
Anticipated expansion and contraction of the
fittings

Replace the Hoses and the Clamps

SMCS Code: 7554-040; 7554-510

Inspect all hoses for leaks that are caused by the
following conditions:

Cracking
Softness

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.

Loose clamps
Replace hoses that are cracked or soft. Tighten any
loose clamps.
NOTICE
Do not bend or strike high pressure lines. Do not install bent or damaged lines, tubes or hoses. Repair
any loose or damaged fuel and oil lines, tubes and
hoses. Leaks can cause fires. Inspect all lines, tubes
and hoses carefully. Tighten all connections to the recommended torque.
Check for the following conditions:

1. Stop the engine. Allow the engine to cool.

2. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap.
Note: Drain the coolant into a suitable, clean
container. The coolant can be reused.
3. Drain the coolant from the cooling system to a
level that is below the hose that is being replaced.
4. Remove the hose clamps.
5. Disconnect the old hose.

78
Maintenance Section
Overhaul Considerations

6. Replace the old hose with a new hose.

Note: Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130 in
order to locate the proper torques.
7. Install the hose clamps with a torque wrench.
Note: Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130,
Torque Specifications in order to locate the proper
torques.
8. Refill the cooling system.
9. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
cooling system filler caps gaskets. Replace
the cooling system filler cap if the gaskets are
damaged. Install the cooling system filler cap.
10. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks.

Oil consumption is in proportion to the percentage

of the rated engine load. As the percentage of the
engine load is increased, the amount of oil that is
consumed per hour also increases.
The oil consumption rate (brake specific oil
consumption) is measured in grams per kW/h (lb per
bhp). The brake specific oil consumption (BSOC)
depends on the engine load. Consult your Caterpillar
dealer for assistance in determining the typical oil
consumption rate for your engine.
When an engines oil consumption has risen to three
times the original oil consumption rate due to normal
wear, an engine overhaul should be scheduled.
There may be a corresponding increase in blowby
and a slight increase in fuel consumption.

Overhaul Options
Before Failure Overhaul

i01848653

Overhaul Considerations

A planned overhaul before failure may be the best

value for the following reasons:

SMCS Code: 7595-043

Costly unplanned downtime can be avoided.

Reduced hours of operation at full load will result in a

lower average power demand. A decreased average
power demand should increase both the engine
service life and the overhaul interval.

Many original parts can be reused according to the

standards for reusable parts.

The engine service life can be extended without the

risk of a major catastrophe due to engine failure.

The need for an overhaul is generally indicated by

increased fuel consumption and by reduced power.

The best cost/value relationship per hour of

The following factors are important when a decision

is being made on the proper time for an engine
overhaul:

After Failure Overhaul

The need for preventive maintenance

The quality of the fuel that is being used
The operating conditions
The results of the SOS analysis

Oil Consumption as an Overhaul

Indicator
Oil consumption, fuel consumption, and maintenance
information can be used to estimate the total
operating cost for your Caterpillar engine. Oil
consumption can also be used to estimate the
required capacity of a makeup oil tank that is suitable
for the maintenance intervals.

extended life can be attained.

If a major engine failure occurs and the engine

must be removed, many options are available. An
overhaul should be performed if the engine block or
the crankshaft needs to be repaired.
If the engine block is repairable and/or the crankshaft
is repairable, the overhaul cost should be between 40
percent and 50 percent of the cost of a new engine
with a similar exchange core.
This lower cost can be attributed to three aspects:

Specially designed Caterpillar engine features

Caterpillar dealer exchange components
Caterpillar Inc. remanufactured exchange
components

79
Maintenance Section
Overhaul Considerations

Overhaul Recommendation

Reduced engine efficiency

To minimize downtime, a scheduled engine overhaul

by your Caterpillar dealer is recommended. This will
provide you with the best cost/value relationship.

Increased fuel consumption

Note: Overhaul programs vary according to the

engine application and according to the dealer that
performs the overhaul. Consult your Caterpillar
dealer for specific information about the available
overhaul programs and about overhaul services for
extending the engine life.
If an overhaul is performed without overhaul service
from your Caterpillar dealer, be aware of the following
maintenance recommendations.

Reduced engine efficiency and increased fuel

consumption translates into higher operating costs.
Therefore, Caterpillar Inc. recommends repairing
out-of-spec parts or replacing out-of-spec parts.

Inspection and/or Replacement

Piston Rings, Crankshaft Bearings, Valve
Rotators, and Crankshaft Seals
The following components may not last until the
second overhaul.

Unit Fuel Injector

Thrust bearings

Clean the fuel injector body and replace the O-rings.

Replace the O-rings and the gasket on the injector
sleeve. Clean the area around the injector seating
in the injector sleeve. Refer to the Service Manual
for the complete procedure, or consult with your
Caterpillar dealer for assistance.

Main bearings

Rebuild or Exchange
Cylinder Head Assembly, Connecting Rods,
Pistons, Cylinder Liners, Turbocharger, Cylinder
Packs, Oil Pump, and Fuel Transfer Pump
These components should be inspected according to
the instructions that are found in various Caterpillar
reusability publications. The Special Publication,
SEBF8029 lists the reusability publications that are
needed for inspecting the engine parts.

Rod bearings
Valve rotators
Crankshaft seals
Caterpillar Inc. recommends the installation of new
parts at each overhaul period.
Inspect these parts while the engine is disassembled
for an overhaul.
Inspect the crankshaft for any of the following
conditions:

Deflection

If the parts comply with the established inspection

specifications that are expressed in the reusable
parts guideline, the parts should be reused.

Damage to the journals

Parts that are not within the established inspection

specifications should be dealt with in one of the
following manners:

Check the journal taper and the profile of the

crankshaft journals. Check these components by
interpreting the wear patterns on the following
components:

Salvaging
Repairing
Replacing
Parts that do not comply with the established
inspection specifications can result in the following
problems:

Unscheduled downtime
Costly repairs
Damage to other engine parts

Bearing material that has seized to the journals

Rod bearing
Main bearings
Note: If the crankshaft is removed for any reason,
use the magnetic particle inspection process to check
for cracks in the crankshaft.
Inspect the camshaft for damage to the journals and
to the lobes.
Note: If the camshaft is removed for any reason, use
the magnetic particle inspection process to check for
cracks in the camshaft.

80
Maintenance Section
Radiator - Clean

Inspect the following components for signs of wear or

for signs of scuffing:

Camshaft bearings
Camshaft followers
Caterpillar Inc. recommends replacing the crankshaft
vibration damper.
Oil Cooler Core and Aftercooler Core
During an overhaul, the removal of the oil cooler
core and the aftercooler core is recommended. The
oil cooler core and the aftercooler core should be
cleaned and pressure tested.
NOTICE
Do not use caustic cleaners to clean the core.

SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2) provides a report of

the results of both the analysis and the maintenance
recommendations.
For more information about coolant analysis, consult
your Caterpillar dealer.
i01604510

Radiator - Clean
SMCS Code: 1353-070
Note: Adjust the frequency of cleaning according to
the effects of the operating environment.
Inspect the radiator for these items: damaged fins,
corrosion, dirt, grease, insects, leaves, oil, and other
debris. Clean the radiator, if necessary.

Caustic cleaners can attack the internal metals of the

core and cause leakage.
Personal injury can result from air pressure.

Obtain Coolant Analysis

The concentration of supplemental coolant additive
(SCA) should be checked regularly with test kits
or with SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 1). Further
coolant analysis is recommended when the engine
is overhauled.

Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.
Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less
than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.

A coolant analysis can be conducted in order to verify

the condition of the water that is being used in the
cooling system. A full water analysis can be obtained
by consulting your local water utility company or
an agricultural agent. Private laboratories are also
available for water analysis.

Pressurized air is the preferred method for removing

loose debris. Direct the air in the opposite direction
of the fans air flow. Hold the nozzle approximately
6 mm (0.25 inch) away from the fins. Slowly move the
air nozzle in a direction that is parallel with the tubes.
This will remove debris that is between the tubes.

Caterpillar Inc. recommends an SOS Coolant

Analysis (Level 2).

Pressurized water may also be used for cleaning.

The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes
must be less than 275 kPa (40 psi). Use pressurized
water in order to soften mud. Clean the core from
both sides.

SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2)

An SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2) is a
comprehensive coolant analysis which completely
analyzes the coolant and the effects on the cooling
system. An SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2) provides
the following information:

Complete SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2)

Visual inspection of properties
Identification of metal corrosion
Identification of contaminants
Identification of built up impurities (corrosion and
scale)

Use a degreaser and steam for removal of oil and

grease. Clean both sides of the core. Wash the core
with detergent and hot water. Thoroughly rinse the
core with clean water.
After cleaning, start the engine and accelerate the
engine to high idle rpm. This will help in the removal
of debris and drying of the core. Stop the engine.
Use a light bulb behind the core in order to inspect
the core for cleanliness. Repeat the cleaning, if
necessary.
Inspect the fins for damage. Bent fins may be opened
with a comb. Inspect these items for good condition:
welds, mounting brackets, air lines, connections,
clamps, and seals. Make repairs, if necessary.

81
Maintenance Section
Severe Service Application - Check

For more detailed information on cleaning and

inspection, refer to Special Publication, SEBD0518,
Know Your Cooling System.
i00151038

Severe Service Application Check

SMCS Code: 1000-535
Severe service is an application of an engine that
exceeds current published standards for that engine.
Caterpillar maintains standards for the following
engine parameters:

Environmental Factors
Ambient temperatures The engine may be
exposed to extended operation in extremely
cold environments or hot environments. Valve
components can be damaged by carbon buildup if
the engine is frequently started and stopped in very
cold temperatures. Extremely hot inlet air reduces
engine performance.
Air Quality The engine may be exposed to
extended operation in an environment that is dirty
or dusty, unless the equipment is cleaned regularly.
Mud, dirt and dust can encase components.
Maintenance can be very difficult. The buildup can
contain corrosive chemicals.

Performance (power range, speed range, and fuel

Buildup Compounds, elements, corrosive

chemicals and salt can damage some components.

Fuel quality

Altitude Problems can arise when the engine is

operated at altitudes that are higher than the intended
settings for that application. Necessary adjustments
should be made.

consumption)

Altitude range
Maintenance intervals
Oil selection and maintenance

Improper Operating Procedures

Coolant selection and maintenance

Extended operation at low idle

Environmental qualities

Frequent hot shutdowns

Installation

Operating at excessive loads

Refer to the standards for the engine or consult with

your Caterpillar dealer in order to determine if the
engine is operating within the defined parameters.
Severe service operation can accelerate component
wear. Engines that operate under severe conditions
may need more frequent maintenance intervals in
order to ensure maximum reliability and retention of
full service life.
Due to individual applications, it is not possible to
identify all of the factors which can contribute to
severe service operation. Consult your Caterpillar
dealer for the unique maintenance that is necessary
for the engine.
The operating environment, improper operating
procedures and improper maintenance procedures
can be factors which contribute to severe service
conditions.

Operating at excessive speeds

Operating outside the intended application

Improper Maintenance Procedures

Extending the maintenance intervals
Failure to use recommended fuel, lubricants and
coolant/antifreeze

i00651416

Starting Motor - Inspect

SMCS Code: 1451-040; 1453-040
Caterpillar Inc. recommends a scheduled inspection
of the starting motor. If the starting motor fails, the
engine may not start in an emergency situation.
Check the starting motor for proper operation. Check
the electrical connections and clean the electrical
connections. Refer to the Service Manual for more
information on the checking procedure and for
specifications or consult your Caterpillar dealer for
assistance.

82
Maintenance Section
Turbocharger - Inspect

i01539769

Turbocharger - Inspect
SMCS Code: 1052-040; 1052
Periodic inspection and cleaning is recommended
for the turbocharger compressor housing (inlet side).
Any fumes from the crankcase are filtered through
the air inlet system. Therefore, by-products from oil
and from combustion can collect in the turbocharger
compressor housing. Over time, this buildup can
contribute to loss of engine power, increased black
smoke and overall loss of engine efficiency.
If the turbocharger fails during engine operation,
damage to the turbocharger compressor wheel
and/or to the engine may occur. Damage to the
turbocharger compressor wheel can cause additional
damage to the pistons, the valves, and the cylinder
head.
NOTICE
Turbocharger bearing failures can cause large quantities of oil to enter the air inlet and exhaust systems.
Loss of engine lubricant can result in serious engine
damage.
Minor leakage of a turbocharger housing under extended low idle operation should not cause problems
as long as a turbocharger bearing failure has not occurred.
When a turbocharger bearing failure is accompanied
by a significant engine performance loss (exhaust
smoke or engine rpm up at no load), do not continue
engine operation until the turbocharger is repaired or
replaced.
An inspection of the turbocharger can minimize
unscheduled downtime. An inspection of the
turbocharger can also reduce the chance for potential
damage to other engine parts.
Note: Turbocharger components require precision
clearances. The turbocharger cartridge must
be balanced due to high rpm. Severe Service
Applications can accelerate component wear.
Severe Service Applications require more frequent
inspections of the cartridge.

Removal and Installation

For options regarding the removal, installation, repair
and replacement, consult your Caterpillar dealer.
Refer to the Service Manual for this engine for the
procedure and specifications.

Cleaning and Inspecting

1. Remove the exhaust outlet piping and remove
the air inlet piping from the turbocharger. Visually
inspect the piping for the presence of oil. Clean
the interior of the pipes in order to prevent dirt
from entering during reassembly.
2. Turn the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel
by hand. The assembly should turn freely. Inspect
the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel for
contact with the turbocharger housing. There
should not be any visible signs of contact between
the turbine wheel or compressor wheel and the
turbocharger housing. If there is any indication of
contact between the rotating turbine wheel or the
compressor wheel and the turbocharger housing,
the turbocharger must be reconditioned.
3. Check the compressor wheel for cleanliness.
If only the blade side of the wheel is dirty, dirt
and/or moisture is passing through the air filtering
system. If oil is found only on the back side of the
wheel, there is a possibility of a failed turbocharger
oil seal.
The presence of oil may be the result of extended
engine operation at low idle. The presence of oil
may also be the result of a restriction of the line
for the inlet air (plugged air filters), which causes
the turbocharger to slobber.
4. Use a dial indicator to check the end clearance
on the shaft. If the measured end play is greater
than the Service Manual specifications, the
turbocharger should be repaired or replaced.
An end play measurement that is less than the
minimum Service Manual specifications could
indicate carbon buildup on the turbine wheel. The
turbocharger should be disassembled for cleaning
and for inspection if the measured end play is less
than the minimum Service Manual specifications.
5. Inspect the bore of the turbine housing for
corrosion.
6. Clean the turbocharger housing with standard
shop solvents and a soft bristle brush.
7. Fasten the air inlet piping and the exhaust outlet
piping to the turbocharger housing.

83
Maintenance Section
Walk-Around Inspection

i01185304

Walk-Around Inspection
SMCS Code: 1000-040

Inspect the Engine for Leaks and

for Loose Connections
A walk-around inspection should only take a few
minutes. When the time is taken to perform these
checks, costly repairs and accidents can be avoided.
For maximum engine service life, make a thorough
inspection of the engine compartment before starting
the engine. Look for items such as oil leaks or coolant
leaks, loose bolts, worn belts, loose connections and
trash buildup. Make repairs, as needed:

The guards must be in the proper place. Repair

damaged guards or replace missing guards.

Wipe all caps and plugs before the engine is

serviced in order to reduce the chance of system

contamination.

NOTICE
For any type of leak (coolant, lube, or fuel) clean up the
fluid. If leaking is observed, find the source and correct
the leak. If leaking is suspected, check the fluid levels
more often than recommended until the leak is found
or fixed, or until the suspicion of a leak is proved to be
unwarranted.
NOTICE
Accumulated grease and/or oil on an engine or deck is
a fire hazard. Remove this debris with steam cleaning
or high pressure water.

Inspect the fuel system for leaks. Look for loose

fuel line clamps or for loose fuel line tie-wraps.

Inspect the piping for the air inlet system and the
elbows for cracks and for loose clamps. Ensure
that hoses and tubes are not contacting other
hoses, tubes, wiring harnesses, etc.

Inspect the alternator belt and the accessory drive

belts for cracks, breaks or other damage.

Belts for multiple groove pulleys must be replaced as

matched sets. If only one belt is replaced, the belt will
carry more load than the belts that are not replaced.
The older belts are stretched. The additional load on
the new belt could cause the belt to break.

Drain the water and the sediment from fuel tanks

on a daily basis in order to ensure that only clean

fuel enters the fuel system.

Inspect the wiring and the wiring harnesses for

loose connections and for worn wires or frayed

wires.

Inspect the ground strap for a good connection and

for good condition.

Inspect the ECM to the cylinder head ground strap

for a good connection and for good condition.

Disconnect any battery chargers that are not

protected against the current drain of the starting

motor. Check the condition and the electrolyte level
of the batteries, unless the engine is equipped with
a maintenance free battery.

Check the condition of the gauges. Replace any

gauges that are cracked. Replace any gauge that

can not be calibrated.

Ensure that the cooling lines are properly clamped

and that the cooling lines are tight. Check for leaks.
Check the condition of all pipes.

i01057943

Water Pump - Inspect

Inspect the water pumps for coolant leaks.

SMCS Code: 1361-040; 1361

Note: The water pump seal is lubricated by coolant

in the cooling system. It is normal for a small amount
of leakage to occur as the engine cools down and
the parts contract.

A failed water pump might cause severe engine

overheating problems that could result in the following
conditions:

Excessive coolant leakage may indicate the need

to replace the water pump seal. For the removal of
water pumps and the installation of water pumps
and/or seals, refer to the Service Manual for the
engine or consult your Caterpillar dealer.

Inspect the lubrication system for leaks at the front

crankshaft seal, the rear crankshaft seal, the oil
pan, the oil filters and the valve cover.

Cracks in the cylinder head

A piston seizure
Other potential damage to the engine
Visually inspect the water pump for leaks. If any
leaking is observed, replace the water pump seal
or the water pump assembly. Refer to the Service
Manual for the disassembly and assembly procedure.

84
Maintenance Section
Water Pump - Inspect

Note: Refer to the Service Manual or consult your

Caterpillar dealer if any repair is needed or any
replacement is needed.

85
Warranty Section
Warranty Information

Warranty Section

The following information is an explanation of

maintenance items for emission related components.
See the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Maintenance Interval Schedule (Maintenance
Section) for the specific interval for the following
items.

Warranty Information
i02075293

Emissions Warranty
Information
SMCS Code: 1000

Maintenance Recommendations
Caterpillar Inc. engines are certified by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in
order to comply with exhaust emission standards and
gaseous emission standards that are prescribed by
Federal laws at the time of manufacture.
Efficiency of the emission control and the engine
performance depends on adherence to proper
operation and maintenance recommendations and
use of recommended fuels and lubricating oils.
According to recommendations, major adjustments
and repairs should be made by your authorized
Caterpillar dealer.
Various chemical fuel additives which claim to reduce
visible smoke are available commercially. Although
additives have been used to solve some isolated
smoke problems in the field, additives are not
recommended for general use. The engines should
be certified without smoke depressants according to
federal smoke regulations.
Take corrective steps immediately after worn parts
which may affect emission levels are discovered in
order to ensure the proper operation of the emission
control systems. The use of genuine Caterpillar parts
is recommended. Suppliers of non-Caterpillar parts
must ensure the owner that the use of such parts will
not adversely affect emission levels.
Regular maintenance intervals with a special
emphasis on the following items are necessary in
order to keep exhaust emissions within acceptable
limits for the useful life of the engine. Refer to the
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Severe Service
Application - Check topic (Maintenance Section).
If the engine is operating under severe conditions,
adjust the maintenance schedule accordingly.
See your authorized Caterpillar dealer in order to
help analyze your specific application, operating
environment and maintenance schedule adjustments.

EXHAUST AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM

Aftertreatment devices are sensitive to the type of
fuel that is used and the operating schedule. Low
quality fuel may cause increases in exhaust back
pressure or clogging resulting in loss of power. An
authorized Caterpillar dealer can determine if the
aftertreatment device needs service.
UNIT INJECTORS Unit injectors are subject to tip
wear as a result of fuel contamination. This damage
can cause the following conditions: an increase in
fuel consumption, black smoke, misfire, and rough
running engine. The unit injector should be inspected,
tested and replaced, if necessary. Unit injectors can
be tested by an authorized Caterpillar dealer.
TURBOCHARGER Check for any unusual sound
or vibration in the turbocharger. Inspect the inlet
piping and connections and inspect the exhaust
piping and connections. Check the condition of
the bearing. Perform the maintenance that is
described in the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Maintenance Interval Schedule (Maintenance
Section).
ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL This
component is a device that is designed to control
engine operation with respect to the amount of fuel
injected, the injection timing as well as controlling
the black smoke emission of the engine during the
engines operation when low inlet manifold pressure
exists.
Any erratic engine behavior may indicate a need
for replacement or repair. Your Caterpillar dealer is
equipped with the necessary tools, personnel and
procedures in order to perform this service.
The owner is encouraged to keep adequate
maintenance records. However, the absence of such
records will not invalidate the warranty. Refer to the
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Maintenance
Log (Reference Materials Section).
The owner may perform routine maintenance, repairs
and other work that is outside of the warranty. The
work may be done at any repair facility. Such work
does not need to be performed at a designated
station that is determined by the warranty in order for
the warranty to remain in force.

86
Warranty Section
Warranty Information

Customer Assistance (Emission

Control Systems Warranty)
Caterpillar Inc. intends to ensure that the Emission
Control Systems warranty is properly administered. If
you do not receive adequate warranty service under
the Emission Control Systems Warranty, call or write
to the following address:
Caterpillar Inc.
Manager, Engine Business
P.O. Box 0600 Mossville, IL 61552
Phone 309-578-6288
Authorized dealers are recommended for major
maintenance and for repair work. Authorized dealers
are staffed with trained personnel and proper
tools. Authorized dealers are aware of the latest
maintenance methods and procedures. If owners or
other persons desire to perform the work, a Service
Manual should be purchased and current service
information should be obtained from a Caterpillar
dealer.

87
Reference Information Section
Engine Ratings

Reference Information
Section

IND A (Continuous) This rating allows operation

at the engines rated load and speed for 100 percent
of the time without interruption or load cycling. The
engine may be operated at full load for 100 percent of
the duty cycle. The following applications are typical:
pipeline pumping, ventilation, and applications that
are specified by the customer.

Engine Ratings
i01097462

Engine Rating Conditions

SMCS Code: 1000
All engine ratings are based onSAE J1349.
Ratings relate to the standard conditions of AS1501,
of ISO3046/1, of DIN6271, and of BS5514.
The engine ratings are gross output ratings.
Gross Output Ratings The total output capability
of the engine that is equipped with standard
accessories.
Standard accessories include the following
components:

Oil pumps
Fuel pumps
Water pumps
Subtract the power that is required to drive auxiliary
components from the gross output. This will produce
the net power that is available for the external load
(flywheel).
i01257714

Engine Rating Definitions

SMCS Code: 1000
The ratings must be reduced in order to accommodate
changes in the altitude. The ratings must be reduced
according to the data for derating that is obtained
from the test specification for the engine.
All of the ratings that are defined have a
manufacturing tolerance of three percent.
Use the following guidelines in order to determine the
applicable engine rating.
NOTICE
Operating an engine at a greater power output than
the engine is rated for will reduce the service life of
the engine before overhaul.

IND B This rating is for service with power and/or

speed that is cyclic. Full load operation must not
exceed 80 percent of the duty cycle. The following
applications are typical: irrigation with a normal pump
demand that is 85 percent of the engine rating,
mechanical pumping and/or drilling in an oil field, and
stationary plant air compressors.
IND C (Intermittent) This rating is for service
with power and/or speed that is cyclic. The engine
can be operated continuously for one hour at
the C rating. This is followed by one hour of
operation at the A rating or below the A rating.
Continuous power may be supplied by engines
with the C rating. However, operation at full load
must not exceed 50 percent of the duty cycle. The
following applications are typical: agricultural tractors,
harvesters, combines, off-highway trucks, power for
fire pumps, drilling for blast holes, rock crushers with
high torque rise, wood chippers with high torque rise,
and oil field hoisting.

88
Reference Information Section
Customer Service

Customer Service
i02097871

Customer Assistance
SMCS Code: 1000

USA and Canada

When a problem arises concerning the operation of
an engine or concerning the service of an engine,
the problem will normally be managed by the dealer
in your area.
Your satisfaction is a primary concern to Caterpillar
and to Caterpillar dealers. If you have a problem that
has not been handled to your complete satisfaction,
follow these steps:
1. Discuss your problem with a manager from the
dealership.
2. If your problem cannot be resolved at the dealer
level without additional assistance, use the phone
number that is listed below to talk with a Field
Service Coordinator:
1-800-447-4986
The normal hours are from 8:00 to 4:30 Monday
through Friday Central Standard Time.
3. If your needs have not been met still, submit the
matter in writing to the following address:
Caterpillar Inc.
Manager, Customer Service, Engine Division
Mossville Bldg AC
P.O. Box 610
Mossville, Illinois 61552-0610
Please keep in mind: probably, your problem will
ultimately be solved at the dealership, using the
dealerships facilities, equipment, and personnel.
Therefore, follow the steps in sequence when a
problem is experienced.

Outside of the USA and of Canada

If a problem arises outside the USA and outside
Canada, and if the problem cannot be resolved at the
dealer level, consult the appropriate Caterpillar office.

Latin America, Mexico, Carribean

Caterpillar Americas Co.
701 Waterford Way, Suite 200
Miami, FL 33126-4670
USA
Phone: 305-476-6800
Fax: 305-476-6801
Europe, Africa, and Middle East
Caterpillar Overseas S.A.
76 Route de Frontenex
P.O. Box 6000
CH-1211 Geneva 6
Switzerland
Phone: 22-849-4444
Fax: 22-849-4544
Far East
Caterpillar Asia Pte. Ltd.
7 Tractor Road
Jurong, Singapore 627968
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 65-662-8333
Fax: 65-662-8302
China
Caterpillar China Ltd.
37/F., The Lee Gardens
33 Hysan Avenue
Causeway Bay
G.P.O. Box 3069
Hong Kong
Phone: 852-2848-0333
Fax: 852-2848-0440
Japan
Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd.
SBS Tower
10-1, Yoga 4-Chome
Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8530
Japan
Phone: 81-3-5717-1150
Fax: 81-3-5717-1177
Japan
Caterpillar Power Systems, Inc.
SBS Tower (14th floor)
4-10-1, Yoga
Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-0097
Phone: 81-3-5797-4300
Fax: 81-3-5797-4359
Australia and New Zealand
Caterpillar of Australia Ltd.
1 Caterpillar Drive
Private Mail Bag 4
Tullamarine, Victoria 3043
Australia
Phone: 03-9953-9333
Fax: 03-9335-3366

89
Reference Information Section
Customer Service

i01028392

Ordering Replacement Parts

SMCS Code: 7567

When replacement parts are required for this

product Caterpillar recommends using Caterpillar
replacement parts or parts with equivalent specifications including, but not limited to, physical
dimensions, type, strength and material.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to premature failures, product damage, personal injury or
death.
Quality Caterpillar replacement parts are available
from Caterpillar dealers throughout the world.
Caterpillar dealers parts inventories are up-to-date.
The parts stocks include all of the parts that are
normally needed to protect your Caterpillar engine
investment.
When you order parts, please specify the following
information:

Part number
Part name
Quantity
If there is a question concerning the part number,
please provide your dealer with a complete
description of the needed item.
When a Caterpillar engine requires maintenance
and/or repair, provide the dealer with all the
information that is stamped on the Information Plate.
This information is described in this Operation and
Maintenance Manual (Product Information Section).
Discuss the problem with the dealer. Inform the
dealer about the conditions of the problem and the
nature of the problem. Inform the dealer about when
the problem occurs. This will help the dealer in
troubleshooting the problem and solving the problem
faster.

90
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials

Reference Materials

Coolants
i02094180

Reference Material
SMCS Code: 1000
The following literature can be obtained through any
Caterpillar dealer.

Lubricants
Special Publication, PEHP8038, Data Sheet -

Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oils (DEO) (CH-4, CG-4,

CF-4) (North America and Australia)

Special Publication, PEHP7041, Product Data

Sheet for Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oils (DEO)

CG-4 engine oils (International markets)

Special Publication, PEWP3014, Cat Fluids

Selector Dial (International)

Special Publication, PEWP9733, Cat Fluids

Selector Dial (North America)

Special Publication, NEHP5621, How To Select

The Right Grease For Any Job

Special Publication, NEDG6022, Data Sheet Multipurpose Lithium Complex Grease (MPG)

Special Publication, PEHP0002, Data Sheet

- Multipurpose Lithium Complex Grease with
Molybdenum (MPGM)

Special Publication, PEHP0017, Data Sheet -

Special Purpose Grease (SPG) Bearing Lubricant

Special Publications, PEDP7036, SOS Fluids

Analysis Cornerstone

Special Publication, PEHP6001, How To Take A

Good Oil Sample

Special Publication, SEBD0640, Oil and Your

Engine

Special Publication, PEDP7035, Optimizing Oil

Change Intervals

Fuels
Special Publication, SEBD0717, Diesel Fuels and
Your Engine

Special Publication, SENR9620, Improving Fuel

System Durability

Special Publication, SEBD0970, Coolant and Your

Engine

Special Publication, PEHP4036, Data Sheet Extended Life Coolant

Special Publication, SEBD0518, Know Your

Cooling System

Special Publication, PEHP7057, Data Sheet SOS Coolant Analysis

Special Publication, PEEP5027, Label - ELC

Radiator Label

Miscellaneous
Service Manual, SENR9850, C11 and C13
Industrial Engines

Special Instruction, SMHS7001, Assembly of Fan

Drive Pulley Assemblies

Special Instruction, SEHS7633, Battery Test

Procedure

Special Publication, PEDP0026, Power Analysis

Report

Special Publication, SEBU6251, Caterpillar

Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids
Recommendations

Special Publication, SEBF8062, Guideline for

Reusable Parts - Procedure to Inspect and Clean

Air Filters

Special Publication, SEBF8029, Index to

Guidelines for Reusable Parts and Salvage

Operations

Special Publication, NEHS0526, Service

Technology Application Guide

Special Instruction, SEHS9031, Storage

Procedure for Caterpillar Products

Specifications, SENR3130, Torque Specifications

Module

Special Instruction, SEHS8742, Using the

8T-8697 Electronic Control Analyzer Programmer

(ECAP)

Special Instruction, SEHS8622, Using the

FT-1984 Aftercooler Testing Group

Special Instruction, SEHS7332, Warning Tag Danger Do Not Operate

91
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials

Special Instruction, REHS0871, Electronic

Installation Guide.

Special Publication, PECP9067, One Safe

Source English Language for use in NACD,

CACO, and APD

Special Publication, PECP9068, One Safe

Source English Language for use in EAME

Additional Reference Material

The Engine Fluids Data Book can be obtained from
the following locations: local technological society,
local library, and local college. If necessary, consult
EMA at the following address:
Engine Manufacturers Associaton
Two North LaSalle Street, Suite 2200
Chicago, IL, USA 60602
E-mail: [email protected]
Telephone: (312) 827-8700
Facsimile: (312) 827-8737
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
Specifications can be found in your SAE handbook.
This publication can also be obtained from the
following locations: local technological society, local
library, and local college. If necessary, consult SAE
at the following address:
SAE International
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale, PA, USA 15096-0001
Telephone: (724) 776-4841
The American Petroleum Institute Publication No.
1509 can be obtained from the following locations:
local technological society, local library, and local
college. If necessary, consult API at the following
address:
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L St. N.W.
Washington, DC, USA 20005
Telephone: (202) 682-8000
The International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) offers information and customer service
regarding international standards and standardizing
activities. ISO can also supply information on the
following subjects that are not controlled by ISO:
national standards, local standards, regulations,
certification, and related activities. Consult the
member of ISO in your country.

International Organization for Standardization

(ISO)
1, rue de Varemb
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Genve 20
Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 749 01 11
Facsimile: +41 22 733 34 30
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.iso.ch
European classifications are established by the
Counseil International Des Machines a Combustion
(CIMAC) (International Council on Combustion
Engines).
CIMAC Central Secretariat
Lyoner Strasse 18
60528 Frankfurt
Germany
Telephone: +49 69 6603 1567
Facsimile: +49 69 6603 1566
i00912149

Maintenance Records
SMCS Code: 1000
Caterpillar Inc. recommends the retention of accurate
maintenance records. Accurate maintenance records
can be used for the following purposes:

Determine operating costs.

Establish maintenance schedules for other engines
that are operated in the same environment.

Show compliance with the required maintenance

practices and maintenance intervals.

Maintenance records can be used for a variety of

other business decisions that are related to engine
maintenance.
Maintenance records are a key element of a
maintenance program that is well managed. Accurate
maintenance records can help your Caterpillar dealer
to fine tune the recommended maintenance intervals
in order to meet the specific operating situation. This
should result in a lower engine operating cost.
Records should be kept for the following items:
Fuel Consumption A record of fuel consumption
is essential in order to determine when the load
sensitive components should be inspected or
repaired. Fuel consumption also determines overhaul
intervals.

92
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials

Service Hours A record of service hours is

essential to determine when the speed sensitive
components should be inspected or repaired.
Documents These items should be easy to
obtain, and these items should be kept in the engine
history file. All of the documents should show this
information: date, service hours, fuel consumption,
unit number, and engine serial number. The following
types of documents should be kept as proof of
maintenance or repair for warranty:
Keep the following types of documents as proof of
maintenance for warranty. Also, keep these types of
documents as proof of repair for warranty:

Dealer work orders and itemized bills

Owners repair costs
Owners receipts
Maintenance log

93
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials

i01176304

Maintenance Log
SMCS Code: 1000
Table 11

Engine Model

Customer Identifier

Serial Number

Arrangement Number

Service
Hours

Quantity
Of Fuel

Service Item

Date

Authorization

94
Index Section

Index
A
After Starting Engine ............................................. 38
After Stopping Engine............................................ 41
Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test (Air-To-Air
Aftercooler) .......................................................... 49
B
Battery - Replace................................................... 49
Battery Electrolyte Level - Check .......................... 50
Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect ................... 50
Before Starting Engine .................................... 12, 36
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace............................... 51
Adjustment of the Fan Drive Belt ....................... 51
Alternator Belt Adjustment ................................. 51
Inspection........................................................... 51
Replacement...................................................... 51
Burn Prevention....................................................... 9
Batteries............................................................. 10
Coolant................................................................. 9
Oils..................................................................... 10
C
Cold Weather Operation........................................
Cold Weather Starting ...........................................
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change...........
Cooling Systems with Heavy Deposits or
Plugging ...........................................................
Drain ..................................................................
Fill ......................................................................
Flush ..................................................................
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change..............
Drain ..................................................................
Fill ......................................................................
Flush ..................................................................
Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add.....
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check .................
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) Obtain ..................................................................
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) Obtain ..................................................................
Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive
(SCA) - Test/Add..................................................
Add the SCA, If Necessary ................................
Test the Concentration of the SCA.....................
Cooling System Water Temperature Regulator Replace................................................................
Crankshaft Vibration Damper - Inspect .................
Visconic Damper................................................
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention ........
Customer Assistance.............................................
Outside of the USA and of Canada....................
USA and Canada ...............................................
Customer Service ..................................................

42
37
51
52
52
53
52
54
54
55
54
56
56
57
57
57
58
58
59
59
59
12
88
88
88
88

Customer Specified Parameters...................... 21, 35

Programmable Monitoring System (PMS) ......... 21
D
Diagnostic Flash Code Retrieval ........................... 29
Diagnostic Lamp.............................................. 29
Event Codes ...................................................... 33
Possible Performance Effect of Active Diagnostic
Codes............................................................... 30
Diagnostic Lamp.................................................... 29
Driven Equipment - Check..................................... 60
Check the Alignment.......................................... 60
Inspect the Drive Coupling................................. 60
Inspect the Rear Gear Train .............................. 60
E
Electrical System ................................................... 13
Grounding Practices .......................................... 14
Electronic Unit Injector - Inspect/Adjust................. 60
Electronics Grounding Stud - Inspect/Clean/
Tighten................................................................. 61
Emissions Certification Film .................................. 21
Emissions Warranty Information............................ 85
Customer Assistance (Emission Control Systems
Warranty) ......................................................... 86
Maintenance Recommendations ....................... 85
Engaging the Driven Equipment............................ 39
Industrial Engines .............................................. 39
Engine - Clean....................................................... 61
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) Clean/Replace ..................................................... 62
Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner Elements ...... 63
Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements ................... 62
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect (If
Equipped) ............................................................ 64
Test the Service Indicator................................... 65
Engine Air Precleaner - Check/Clean.................... 65
Engine Crankcase Breather - Clean...................... 65
Engine Description ................................................ 18
Aftermarket Products and Caterpillar Engines... 19
Welding and Caterpillar Electronic Engines....... 19
Engine Diagnostics................................................ 29
Engine Electronics................................................. 15
Engine Mounts - Inspect........................................ 66
Engine Oil and Filter - Change .............................. 68
Drain the Engine Oil........................................... 68
Fill the Engine Crankcase .................................. 69
Replace the Oil Filter ......................................... 69
Engine Oil Level - Check ....................................... 66
Engine Oil Sample - Obtain ................................... 67
Obtain the Sample and the Analysis.................. 68
Engine Operation................................................... 39
Engine Operation with Active Diagnostic Codes ... 34

95
Index Section

Engine Operation with Intermittent Diagnostic

Codes .................................................................. 35
Engine Protective Devices - Check ....................... 70
Calibration Check............................................... 70
Visual Inspection................................................ 70
Engine Rating Conditions ...................................... 87
Engine Rating Definitions ...................................... 87
Engine Ratings ...................................................... 87
Engine Speed/Timing Sensors - Check/Clean/
Calibrate .............................................................. 70
Engine Starting ................................................ 13, 36
Engine Stopping .............................................. 13, 41
Engine Storage Procedure - Check....................... 71
Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust ....................... 71
Engine Valve Rotators - Inspect ............................ 72
Engine Warm-up.................................................... 39
F
Fan Drive Bearing - Lubricate................................ 72
Fan Drive Bearing - Replace ................................. 72
Fault Logging......................................................... 34
Features and Controls ........................................... 24
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention ............ 10
Ether ................................................................... 11
Fire Extinguisher ................................................. 11
Lines, Tubes and Hoses ..................................... 11
Foreword ................................................................. 5
California Proposition 65 Warning ....................... 5
Literature Information........................................... 4
Maintenance ........................................................ 4
Maintenance Intervals.......................................... 4
Operation ............................................................. 4
Overhaul .............................................................. 4
Safety................................................................... 4
Fuel and the Effect from Cold Weather ................. 42
Fuel Conservation Practices.................................. 39
Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather .......... 43
Fuel Filters ......................................................... 43
Fuel Heaters ...................................................... 43
Fuel Tanks.......................................................... 43
Fuel System - Prime .............................................. 72
The Engine Has Been Run Out of Fuel ............. 73
The Secondary Fuel Filter Has Been Replaced.. 72
Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator)
Element - Replace ............................................... 74
Replace the Element.......................................... 75
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator Drain .................................................................... 74
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace ............... 75
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain ................. 76
Drain the Water and the Sediment..................... 76
Fuel Storage Tanks ............................................ 77
Fuel Tank ........................................................... 76

G
General Hazard Information .................................... 7
Asbestos Information ........................................... 9
Containing Fluid Spillage ..................................... 8
Dispose of Waste Properly .................................. 9
Fluid Penetration.................................................. 8
Pressure Air and Water........................................ 8
General Information............................................... 16
H
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace ................... 77
Replace the Hoses and the Clamps .................. 77
I
Important Safety Information ................................... 2
L
Lifting and Storage ................................................ 23
M
Maintenance Interval Schedule .............................
Maintenance Log ...................................................
Maintenance Records............................................
Maintenance Section .............................................
Manual Stop Procedure.........................................
Model View Illustrations.........................................
Model Views ..........................................................
Monitoring System.................................................
Caterpillar Messenger Display ...........................
Indicators and Gauges.......................................
Mounting and Dismounting....................................

47
93
91
44
41
17
17
24
25
24
12

O
Operation Section..................................................
Ordering Replacement Parts .................................
Overhaul Considerations .......................................
Oil Consumption as an Overhaul Indicator ........
Overhaul Recommendation ...............................

23
89
78
78
79

P
Plate Locations and Film Locations.......................
Information Plate (2) ..........................................
Serial Number Plate (1) .....................................
Product Identification Information ..........................
Product Information Section ..................................
Product Lifting........................................................
Product Storage.....................................................

20
20
20
20
16
23
23

96
Index Section

R
Radiator - Clean ....................................................
Radiator Restrictions .............................................
Reference Information Section ..............................
Reference Material ................................................
Additional Reference Material............................
Coolants.............................................................
Fuels ..................................................................
Lubricants ..........................................................
Miscellaneous ....................................................
Reference Materials ..............................................
Reference Numbers ..............................................
Record for Reference.........................................
Refill Capacities.....................................................
Refill Capacities and Recommendations...............
Cooling System..................................................
Fuel ....................................................................
Lubrication System ............................................

80
42
87
90
91
90
90
90
90
90
20
20
44
44
45
45
44

S
Safety Messages ..................................................... 6
Universal Warning (1) .......................................... 7
Safety Section ......................................................... 6
Self-Diagnostics..................................................... 29
Severe Service Application - Check ...................... 81
Environmental Factors ....................................... 81
Improper Maintenance Procedures.................... 81
Improper Operating Procedures ........................ 81
Starting Motor - Inspect ......................................... 81
Starting the Engine ................................................ 36
Starting a Cold Engine ....................................... 36
Starting a Warm Engine..................................... 37
Starting with Jump Start Cables ............................ 38
T
Table of Contents..................................................... 3
Turbocharger - Inspect .......................................... 82
Cleaning and Inspecting .................................... 82
Removal and Installation.................................... 82
W
Walk-Around Inspection ........................................
Inspect the Engine for Leaks and for Loose
Connections .....................................................
Warranty Information .............................................
Warranty Section ...................................................
Water Pump - Inspect............................................
Welding on Engines with Electronic Controls ........

83
83
85
85
83
16

Product and Dealer Information

Note: For product identification plate locations, see the section Product Identification Information in the Operation
and Maintenance Manual.
Delivery Date:

Product Information
Model:
Product Identification Number:
Engine Serial Number:
Transmission Serial Number:
Generator Serial Number:
Attachment Serial Numbers:
Attachment Information:
Customer Equipment Number:
Dealer Equipment Number:

Dealer Information
Name:

Branch:

Address:

Dealer Contact
Sales:
Parts:
Service:

Phone Number

Hours

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All Rights Reserved

Printed in U.S.A.