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Week 1

Problem Solving

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127 views

Week 1

Problem Solving

Uploaded by

shaileshkhapre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

General Problem Solving Concepts


Problem Solving and Programming Concepts

9th Edition
By Maureen Sprankle and Jim Hubbard

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Overview

Problem Solving in Everyday Life


Types of Problems
Problem Solving with Computers
Difficulties with Problem Solving

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Objectives
1. Describe difference between heuristic,
algorithmic solutions.
2. List, describe problem-solving steps for
algorithmic solution.
3. Use problem-solving steps to solve
problem.

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Problem Solving in Everyday Life


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Identify the problem.


Understand the problem.
Identify alternative ways to solve problem.
Select best alternative.
List solution steps for alternative chosen.
Evaluate solution.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Types of Problems
Problems with
Algorithmic solutions
Heuristic solutions
Combination of algorithmic, heuristic
solutions

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Problem Solving with Computers


Definitions:
Solution instructions followed to
produce best result
Result outcome, computer-assisted
answer
Program instructions for solution using
computer language

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Difficulties with Problem Solving

Lack of problem solving experience


Inadequate solution steps
Incorrect problem definition
Alternatives chosen incorrectly
Invalid logic
Incorrect solution evaluation

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Chapter 1
General Problem Solving Concepts

End Chapter 9

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 2
Beginning Problem-Solving
Concepts for the Computer
Problem Solving and Programming Concepts

9th Edition
By Maureen Sprankle and Jim Hubbard

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Overview

Constants and Variables


Data Types
How the Computer Stores Data
Functions
Operators
Expressions and Equations

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Objectives

1. Differentiate between variables,


constants.
2. Differentiate between character, numeric,
and logical data types.
3. Identify operators, operands, resultants.

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Objectives
5. Identify, use functions
6. Identify, use operators according to
placement in hierarchy chart.
7. Set up, evaluate expressions and
equations using variables, constants,
operators, and the hierarchy of
operations.

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Figure 2.1 Important Concepts to


Learn

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Table 2.1 Constants and


Variables on the Computer

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Table 2.1 Constants and


Variables on the Computer

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Rules for Naming and Using


Variables
1. Name a variable according to what it
represents.
2. Do not use spaces.
3. Start a variable name with a letter.
4. Do not use a dash or any other symbol
that is used as a mathematical operator.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Rules for Naming and Using


Variables
5. Consistent usage of variable name.
6. Consistent use of upper, lowercase
characters in variable names

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Table 2.3 Data Types


and Their Data Sets

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Table 2.4 Examples of Data Types

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Table 2.4 Examples of Data Types

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Table 2.5 Functions

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Table 2.6 Operators and Their


Computer Symbols

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Table 2.6 Operators and Their


Computer Symbols

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Table 2.7 Definitions of the Logical


Operators

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Table 2.7 Definitions of the Logical


Operators

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Table 2.7 Definitions of the Logical


Operators

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Table 2.8 Hierarchy of Operations

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Table 2.8 Hierarchy of Operations

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Table 2.9 Expressions and Equations

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Evaluating a Mathematical
Expression

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Evaluating a Relational Expression

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Evaluating a Logical Expression

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Evaluating an Equation That Uses


Both Relational and Logical
Operators

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Chapter 2
Beginning Problem-Solving
Concepts for the Computer

End Chapter 2

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 3
Planning Your Solution
Problem Solving and Programming Concepts

9th Edition
By Maureen Sprankle and Jim Hubbard

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Overview

Communicating with the Computer


Organizing the Solution
Using the Tools
List and describe development tools
Use problem analysis chart
Use interactivity chart
Use IPO (Input-Process-Output) chart
Use algorithms and flowcharts

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Analyzing the Problem


Understand requirements:
1. The given data
2. The required results
3. The processing that is required in the
problem
4. A list of solution alternatives

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Figure 3.1 Problem Analysis Chart

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Figure 3.2 Problem Analysis Chart for


the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.3 The Interactivity Chart

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Figure 3.4 The Completed Interactivity


Chart

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Figure 3.5 The Interactivity Chart for


the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.6 The IPO Chart

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Figure 3.7 The IPO Chart for the


Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.8 The Form of an Algorithm

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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols

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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols

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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols

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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols

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Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and


Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and


Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and


Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and


Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Figure 3.11 Order of Execution of


Instructions

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Chapter 3
Planning Your Solution

End Chapter 3

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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