This document discusses two methods for adjusting the pseudo-critical properties of natural gases to account for nonhydrocarbon components like CO2 and H2S:
1. The Wichert-Aziz correction method calculates a pseudo-critical temperature adjustment factor based on mole fractions of CO2 and H2S to adjust the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure.
2. The Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows correction method directly adjusts the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure based on mole fractions of CO2, H2S, and N2.
Three examples are provided to demonstrate calculating gas properties like density and viscosity using these correction methods.
This document discusses two methods for adjusting the pseudo-critical properties of natural gases to account for nonhydrocarbon components like CO2 and H2S:
1. The Wichert-Aziz correction method calculates a pseudo-critical temperature adjustment factor based on mole fractions of CO2 and H2S to adjust the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure.
2. The Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows correction method directly adjusts the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure based on mole fractions of CO2, H2S, and N2.
Three examples are provided to demonstrate calculating gas properties like density and viscosity using these correction methods.
This document discusses two methods for adjusting the pseudo-critical properties of natural gases to account for nonhydrocarbon components like CO2 and H2S:
1. The Wichert-Aziz correction method calculates a pseudo-critical temperature adjustment factor based on mole fractions of CO2 and H2S to adjust the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure.
2. The Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows correction method directly adjusts the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure based on mole fractions of CO2, H2S, and N2.
Three examples are provided to demonstrate calculating gas properties like density and viscosity using these correction methods.
This document discusses two methods for adjusting the pseudo-critical properties of natural gases to account for nonhydrocarbon components like CO2 and H2S:
1. The Wichert-Aziz correction method calculates a pseudo-critical temperature adjustment factor based on mole fractions of CO2 and H2S to adjust the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure.
2. The Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows correction method directly adjusts the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure based on mole fractions of CO2, H2S, and N2.
Three examples are provided to demonstrate calculating gas properties like density and viscosity using these correction methods.
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PE-310 Natural Gas Engineering
Nonhydrocarbon Adjustment Methods
There are two methods that were developed to adjust the pseudo-critical properties of the gases to account for the presence of the nonhydrocarbon components. These two methods are the: Wichert-Aziz correction method Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows correction method 1. The Wichert-Aziz Correction Method Natural gases that contain H2S and or CO2 frequently exhibit different compressibility- factors behavior than do sweet gases. Wichert and Aziz (1972) developed a simple, easy-to- use calculation procedure to account for these differences. This method permits the use of the Standing-Katz chart, by using a pseudo-critical temperature adjustment factor, which is a function of the concentration of CO2 and H2S in the sour gas. This correction factor is then used to adjust the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure according to the following expressions:
where Tpc = pseudo-critical temperature, R ppc = pseudo-critical pressure, psia Tpc = corrected pseudo-critical temperature, R ppc = corrected pseudo-critical pressure, psia B = mole fraction of H2S in the gas mixture = pseudo-critical temperature adjustment factor and is defined mathematically by the following expression
where the coefficient A is the sum of the mole fraction H2S and CO2 in the gas mixture, or:
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The computational steps of incorporating the adjustment factor into the z-factor calculations are summarized below: Step 1. Calculate the pseudo-critical properties of the whole gas mixture by applying Equations,
Step 2. Calculate the adjustment factor from Equation,
Step 3. Adjust the calculated ppc and Tpc (as computed in Step 1) by applying Equations,
Step 4. Calculate the pseudo-reduced properties, i.e., ppr and Tpr, from Equations,
Step 5. Read the compressibility factor from Figure,
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Example 1 A sour natural gas has a specific gravity of 0.7. The compositional analysis of the gas shows that it contains 5 percent CO2 and 10 percent H2S. Calculate the density of the gas at 3500 psia and 160F. Solution Step 1. Calculate the uncorrected pseudo-critical properties of the gas from Equations, Tpc = 168 + 325 (0.7) 12.5 (0.7)2 = 389.38R ppc = 677 + 15 (0.7) 37.5 (0.7)2 = 669.1 psia Step 2. Calculate the pseudo-critical temperature adjustment factor from Equation, = 120 (0.150.9 0.151.6) + 15 (0.10.5 0.14) = 20.735 Step 3. Calculate the corrected pseudo-critical temperature by applying Equation, Tpc = 389.38 20.735 = 368.64 Step 4. Adjust the pseudo-critical pressure ppc by applying Equation
Step 5. Calculate ppr and Tpr:
Step 6. Determine the z-factor from Figure,
z = 0.89 Step 7. Calculate the apparent molecular weight of the gas from Equation Ma = (28.96) (0.7) = 20.27 Step 8. Solve for gas density:
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2. The Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows Correction Method
Carr, Kobayashi, and Burrows (1954) proposed a simplified procedure to adjust the pseudo- critical properties of natural gases when nonhydrocarbon components are present. The method can be used when the composition of the natural gas is not available. The proposed procedure is summarized in the following steps: Step 1. Knowing the specific gravity of the natural gas, calculate the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure by applying Equations,
Step 2. Adjust the estimated pseudo-critical properties by using the following two expressions: Tpc = Tpc 80 yCO2 + 130 yH2S 250 yN2 ppc = ppc + 440 yCO2 + 600 yH2S 170 yN2 where Tpc = the adjusted pseudo-critical temperature, R Tpc = the unadjusted pseudo-critical temperature, R yCO2 = mole fraction of CO2 yH2S = mole fraction of H2S in the gas mixture yN2= mole fraction of Nitrogen ppc = the adjusted pseudo-critical pressure, psia ppc = the unadjusted pseudo-critical pressure, psia Step 3. Use the adjusted pseudo-critical temperature and pressure to calculate the pseudo- reduced properties. Step 4. Calculate the z-factor from Figure,
Example 2 Using the data in above Example, calculate the density by employing the above correction procedure. Solution Step 1. Determine the corrected pseudo-critical properties from Equations, Tpc = 389.38 80 (0.05) + 130 (0.10) 250 (0) = 398.38R ppc = 669.1 + 440 (0.05) + 600 (0.10) 170 (0) = 751.1 psia
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Step 2. Calculate ppr and Tpr:
Step 3. Determine the gas compressibility factor from Figure:
z = 0.820 Step 4. Calculate the gas density:
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Example Problem 3 A 0.65 specific gravity natural gas contains 10% nitrogen, 8% carbon dioxide, and 2% hydrogen sulfide. Estimate viscosity of the gas at 10,000 psia and 180 F.
Solution: Step 1. Calculate the pseudo-critical pressure, pseudo-critical temperature, and apparent molecular weight from the specific gravity or the composition of the natural gas. Corrections to these pseudocritical properties for the presence of the nonhydrocarbon gases (CO2, N2, and H2S) should be made if they are present in concentrations greater than 5 mole percent.
Tpc = 168 + 325 (0.65) 12.5 (0.65)2 = 373.97R
ppc = 677 + 15 (0.65) 37.5 (0.65)2 = 660.9 psia Adjust the estimated pseudo-critical properties by using the following two expressions: Tpc = Tpc 80 (0.08) + 130 (0.02) 250 (0.1) = 345.17R ppc = ppc + 440 (0.08) + 600 (0.02) 170 (0.1) = 691 psia Now, calculate apparent molecular weight from the specific gravity of natural gas Ma = (28.96) (0.65) = 18.824 lb/ft3 Step 2. Obtain the viscosity of the natural gas at one atmosphere and the temperature of interest. This viscosity, as denoted by 1, must be corrected for the presence of nonhydrocarbon components: 1 = 0.0122 + 0.0008 + 0.0003 + 0.0004 1 = 0.0133 cp Step 3. Calculate the pseudo-reduced pressure and temperature. Ppr = 10000/691 = 14.47 Tpr = (180+460)/345 = 1.86 Step 4. From the pseudo-reduced temperature and pressure, obtain the viscosity ratio (g/1) (g/1) = 2.5 Step 5. The gas viscosity, g, at the pressure and temperature of interest is calculated by multiplying the viscosity at one atmosphere and system temperature, 1, by the viscosity ratio. g = (g/1)*1 = 2.5*0.0133 = 0.033 cp
