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The extensive range of paving products available from Kilsaran will provide a full range
of solutions for any project whether commercial, civic, industrial or a residential scheme.

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appraisal purposes

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Generally &RQFUHWH)ODJ3DYLQJ (large element) paving units &RQFUHWH%ORFNSDYLQJ is suitable for a wide range of
are used for pedestrian, civic, amenity and street footpath schemes from light pedestrian areas, domestic driveways,
JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKHYLUV[Z\P[HISLMVY]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJRPUN [VJVTTLYJPHSHUK/.=[YHMJRLKHYLHZ\[PSP[`HYLHZHUK
unless a suitable sub base design has been prepared and HKHW[LKYVHK^H`Z)SVJRWH]PUNJHUILHKHW[LKMVYHM\SS
guidance to this effect has been given on the individual and versatile range of visual and functional uses.
product page.

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The full range of Kilsaran products are manufactured to fully meet all requirements of all current British and European Standards.

To ensure the best application and performance of all products it is the responsibility of the client to ensure that during the
design and installation process the relevant complimentary standards for design, installation, construction and maintenance
are followed.

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7H]PUN)SVJRZ BS EN 1338:2003 BS 7533 Part 1 or 2 BS 7533-3

Paving Flags BS EN 1339:2003 BS 7533 Part 8 or 12 BS 7533-4

Permeable Paving BS EN 1338:2003 BS 7533-13 BS 7533-13

Kerbing BS EN 1340 BS 7533-6 BS 7533-6

Tactile Paving BS 7997, DD CEN/TS 15209:2008 DETR Tactile Paving Guidance Document BS 7533-4

90
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JVUZPKLYH[PVUZ0UHSSJHZLZ[OL\ZLYPZHK]PZLK[VYL]PL^[OPZN\PKHUJLHNHPUZ[[OLKL[HPSLKYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OL):Z\P[LVM
Z[HUKHYKZ^OPJOWYV]PKLPUKLW[OKL[HPSVUKLZPNUPUZ[HSSH[PVUJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKTHPU[LUHUJLVMJVUJYL[LISVJRWH]LTLU[Z

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BS EN 1338:2003 *VUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ9LX\PYLTLU[ZHUK[LZ[TL[OVKZ

Guide for the structural design of heavy duty pavements constructed

BS 7533-1
VMJSH`WH]LYZVYWYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ
.\PKLMVY[OLZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUVMSPNO[S`[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[ZJVUZ[Y\J[LK
BS 7533-2
VMJSH`WH]LYZVYWYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ
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BS 7533-3
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Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and
BS 7533-11
reinstatement of pavements of concrete, clay and natural stone

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For this is reason no cement based materials are PU[LYSVJR[VOVSK[OLTPUWSHJLP[PZHULZZLU[PHSWHY[VM
permitted for use as a sub base layer and especially in [OLISVJRWH]LTLU[KLZPNU[OH[[OLYLPZHYPNPKLKNL
the laying course material. The pavement must maintain restraint on all sides of the pavement, this can consist
P[ZL_PISLJVUZ[Y\J[PVU[VWLYMVYTLMMLJ[P]LS` VMHUHWWYVWYPH[LRLYIOH\UJOLKPUJVUJYL[LHUL_PZ[PUN
Z[Y\J[\YLVYHYPNPKS`_LKWLYPTL[LYJV\YZL0[PZHSZV
;OPZL_PISLUH[\YLVM[OLWH]LTLU[JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHSSV^Z LZZLU[PHS[OH[K\YPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHSSQVPU[ZHYLM\SS`SSLK
JVUJYL[LISVJRWH]LTLU[Z[VJHYY`MYVT]LY`SPNO[[V with the correct grade of jointing sand and the joints are
L_[YLTLS`OPNOSVHKPUNZMYVT[Y\JRZHUKJVTTLYJPHS inspected and topped up as required immediately after
]LOPJSLZ[VHPYJYHM[HUKOHUKSPUNHUKZ[HJRPUNTHJOPULY` construction and for the future life of the pavement.
This is not always possible with in situ concrete or ;OLQVPU[PUNTH[LYPHSHZZPZ[Z^P[O[OLPU[LYSVJRVM[OL
bituminous macadam surfaces which may suffer WH]LTLU[HUKPTWYVWLYS`SSLKQVPU[ZPZSPRLS`YLZ\S[PU
pavement fatigue under the same loading stresses. deterioration of the surfacing layer and the sub base
layers underneath.
;OLPUKP]PK\HSJVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZHYLSVJRLK
[VNL[OLYPU[OLPYSH`PUNWH[[LYUHUKHZVULISVJRPZSVHKLK
P[ZWYLHKZP[ZSVHK[VP[ZULPNOIV\YPUNISVJRHUK[OLSVHK
is spread outwards in a radial pattern, effectively
dissipating the load over a larger area.

91
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;OLSH`LYVMTH[LYPHSVU^OPJO[OLISVJRWH]PUN\UP[ZHYLILKKLK0[PZLZZLU[PHS[OH[[OPZTH[LYPHSJVTWSPLZ^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM):
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The material placed above the sub-base and beneath the laying course layers. A roadbase layer will typically only be required in pavements
[OH[^PSSILYLX\PYLK[VHJJVTTVKH[LTLKP\T[VOLH]PLYK\[`JVTTLYJPHS[YHMJSVHKPUNZVY^OLYL[OLZ\INYHKLNYV\UKJVUKP[PVUZHYL
WVVYHUKYLX\PYLPTWYV]LTLU[MVY[OLKLZPYLK[YHMJSVHKPUNZ;OLYVHKIHZLSH`LY^PSSHJ[HZHZ[PMMLUPUNSH`LYPU[OLWH]LTLU[JVUZ[Y\J[PVU
and may be a cement bound granular material (CBM) or a bituminous macadam material. Note that conventional lean mix concrete or mass
JVUJYL[LPZUV[Z\P[HISLMVY\ZLPUISVJRWH]LTLU[Z[OH[HYL[VYLJLP]L]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJ

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HUKJVTWHJ[LKPUSH`LYZ5VYTHSS`[OPZTH[LYPHS^PSSILH;`WL0TH[LYPHSPUHJJVYKHUJL^P[OJSH\ZLVM[OL+LWHY[TLU[MVY;YHUZWVY[
:WLJPJH[PVUMVY/PNO^H`>VYRZVYJSH\ZL[`WL)PUHJJVYKHUJL^P[O[OL5H[PVUHS9VHKZ(\[OVYP[`:WLJPJH[PVUMVY9VHK>VYRZ;OL
\ZLVMSV^LYX\HSP[`SSTH[LYPHSZHUKYLJ`JSLKY\IISLSSZOV\SKILH]VPKLK\USLZZ[OLTH[LYPHSOHZILLUPUKLWLUKLU[S`[LZ[LK[VKLTVUZ[YH[L
P[TLL[ZVYL_JLLKZ[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OLZWLJPLKZ\IIHZLTH[LYPHSHIV]L

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4VZ[VM[OL2PSZHYHUYHUNLVMISVJRWH]PUNPZH]HPSHISLPUH]HYPL[`VM[OPJRULZZLZ[VZ\P[KPMMLYLU[LUK\ZLYLX\PYLTLU[Z>OPSL[OLKLW[OVM
WH]PUNISVJRZLSLJ[LKT\Z[ILHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OLLUK\ZL[OLTH_PT\TSVHKPUNJHWHJP[`[OH[HJVUZ[Y\J[LKWH]LTLU[JHU^P[OZ[HUK^PSS
also be heavily dependent on the pavement build up and construction being appropriate to that end use.

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Domestic & pedestrian footpaths 40mm

+VTLZ[PJKYP]L^H`ZSPNO[[YHMJ WLKLZ[YPHUMVV[WH[OZ 50mm

5VYTHSK\[`[YHMJRLKHYLHZJHYWHYRPUNYL[HPSW\ISPJHYLHZ 60mm
^P[OSV^LY]VS\TLJVTTLYJPHS[YHMJ

Service roads in retail, commercial and civic public areas. 80mm

Adapted public roadways and commercially and heavier
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Note details in this table are intended as a quick reference guide only. For more detailed description of loading
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TL[OVKRUV^UHZ[OL*)9[LZ[*HSPMVYUPH)LHYPUN9H[PVPZ\ZLK[VKL[LYTPULZ\INYHKLILHYPUNJHWHJP[`;OPZPZHZPTWSL[LZ[^OLYLHWS\UNLYVM
standard size and mass is forced into the sub-grade and the force at which the plunger stops at is recorded.

The CBR value is calculated from this. Typical values are in the range of 3-5% for normal clay sub-grades.
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/ pavement build-up will be required as per WDEOH 

On most schemes the pavement designer will already have site CBR values to hand as this testing would
have been carried out at site investigation stage prior to designing other buildings or structures on site.
The Structural Engineer would have required this for the foundation design of the building and you are
SPRLS`[VUK*)9]HS\LZPU[OPZYLWVY[5V[L[OLSV^LZ[H]LYHNL*)9]HS\LZ^PSSIL[HRLUMVY[OLZP[L

For smaller schemes and residential schemes where it is not economically feasible to carry out site
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MVY[OLWH]LTLU[HUKZLSLJ[HSVHKPUNJH[LNVY`HZKL[HPSLKPU[OL[HISLILSV^0[PZLZZLU[PHSH[[OPZKLZPNUZ[HNL[OH[HSSJVTTLYJPHS[YHMJPUJS\KPUN
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KLZPNULK[VHJJVTTVKH[L/.=[YHMJZOV\SKUL]LYYLJLP]LZLY]PJL]LOPJSLZVYLTLYNLUJ`]LOPJSLZ0[PZHSZVULJLZZHY`[VMHJ[VYPUPUJYLHZPUN
[YHMJ]VS\TLZV]LY[OLKLZPNUSPMLVM[OLWH]LTLU[;OL):KLZPNUZ[HUKHYKZWYV]PKLM\Y[OLYN\PKHUJLPU[OPZHYLH

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>OLUKL[HPSZMYVTZ[HNL*)9HZZLZZTLU[HUKZ[HNL[YHMJHZZLZZTLU[OH]LILLUHZJLY[HPULKP[PZWVZZPISL[VKL[LYTPUL[OLYLX\PYLK
[OPJRULZZLZVMISVJRWH]PUNSH`PUNJV\YZLHUKZ\IIHZL[OH[HYLSPRLS`[VILYLX\PYLKMVY[OLZJOLTL;HISLILSV^PZIHZLKVU;HISLVM):
^OPJONP]LZN\PKHUJLVUJVUZ[Y\J[PVU[OPJRULZZVMISVJRWH]LTLU[Z5V[L]LY`OLH]PS`[YHMJRLKZP[LZ^PSSOH]L[VILKLZPNULKZLWHYH[LS`[V[OL
requirements of BS 7533-1.
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FRPPHUFLDODUHDV For commerJPHSS`OLH]`[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[Z[OLKLZPNUN\PKHUJLPU[OPZ[HISLHUK):PZUV[HWWYopriate
DGRSWHGPDMRUURDGZD\V Category 0 and a morLKL[HPSLKZP[LZWLJPc design will be required to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of
DQGVWUHHWVIUHLJKW BS 7533-1 with the assistance of an appropriate Consulting Engineer with detailed experience of Pavement Design.
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All materials used and installation and construction methodology should fully comply with the requirements of BS 7533-3. Maintenance and
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93
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ZJOLTLZ^OPJOOH]LILLUKLZPNULK[VHJJVTTVKH[LOLH]PLY[YHMJSVHKZHUKJVTTLYJPHSHUKZLY]PJL]LOPJSLZHYLUVYTHSS`
completed in herringbone pattern (either 45 or 90 degree) as this has been time proven to be the most effective laying pattern for
dissipating heavy loads and resisting spread from continual turning movements. Patterns such as stretcher bond will also be effective
MVYTLKP\T[YHMJSVHKPUN^OPSLWH[[LYUZZ\JOHZWHYX\L[VYZ[HJRIVUK^PSSUV[ILZ\P[HISLMVY]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJRPUN

+LNYLL/LYYPUNIVUL +LNYLL/LYYPUNIVUL :[YL[JOLY)VUK

Suitable for all loading categories up to Suitable for all loading categories up to Suitable for all loading categories up to medium
and including heavier duty commercially and including heavier duty commercially [YHMJJVTTLYJPHSWH]LTLU[ZOH]PUNVUJL[V
[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[Z [YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[Z [^PJL^LLRS`NVVKZ]LOPJSL[YHMJ:OV\SKILSHPK
with longitudinal joints at 90 degrees to the
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Slane 200 x 100mm Slane 200 x 100mm Slane 200x100mm
 Mellifont Large size only (240 x 160mm) Mellifont Large size only (240 x 160mm) Mellifont Large size only (240x160mm)
 Lismore Large size only (240 x 160mm) Lismore Large size only (240 x 160mm) Lismore Large size only (240x160mm)
 Newgrange Large size only (240 x 160mm) Newgrange Large size only (240 x 160mm) Newgrange Large size only (240x160mm)
Boyne

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Suitable for all loading categories up to 7HYX\L[VY)HZRL[^LH]L
Generally suitable for pedestrian areas only. Generally suitable for pedestrian areas only. Not
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Not recommended for areas which are to recommended for areas which are to receive
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Should be laid with longitudinal joints at 90
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Mellifont 3 size mix Slane 200x100mm Slane 100x100 size
Lismore 3 size mix Mellifont Medium size only (160x160mm)
Newgrange 3 size mix Lismore Medium size only (160x160mm)
Newgrange Medium size only (160x160mm)

94
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HNWH]PUNHYLZX\HYLPUZOHWLHUKJVTTVUS`LP[OLYHZ[HJRIVUKVY]HYPH[PVUZVUHZ[YL[JOLYIVUKPZHKHW[LKVU
many schemes

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that often for public schemes and local authority utility schemes that transverse bond laying patterns are often
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JVUZPKLYH[PVUZ0UHSSJHZLZ[OL\ZLYPZHK]PZLK[VYL]PL^[OPZN\PKHUJLHNHPUZ[[OLKL[HPSLKYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OL):Z\P[LVM
Z[HUKHYKZ^OPJOWYV]PKLPUKLW[OKL[HPSVUKLZPNUPUZ[HSSH[PVUJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKTHPU[LUHUJLVMJVUJYL[LHNWH]LTLU[Z

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BS EN 1339:2003 *VUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ9LX\PYLTLU[ZHUK[LZ[TL[OVKZ

Code of practice for the construction of pavements of

BS 7533-1
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.\PKLMVY[OLZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUVMSPNO[S`[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[ZJVUZ[Y\J[LK
BS 7533-2
VMJSH`WH]LYZVYWYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ
.\PKL[V[OLZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUVM[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[ZJVUZ[Y\J[LKVUHIV\UK
BS 7533-3
IHZL\ZPUNJVUJYL[LWH]PUNHNZHUKUH[\YHSZ[VULZSHIZ
Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and reinstatement of pavements
BS 7533-11
of concrete, clay and natural stone

3ULQFLSOHVRI&RQFUHWH)ODJ3DYHPHQWV
-SHNWH]LTLU[ZHYLNLULYHSS`JVUZ[Y\J[LKMVYWLKLZ[YPHU\ZLVYVJJHZPVUHSS`MVYLTLYNLUJ`VYZLY]PJL]LOPJSLHJJLZZ:PUJLHNWH]PUNPZ
UV[MYLX\LU[S`KLZPNULKHUKPUZ[HSSLK[VIL[YHMJRLKVM[LUP[^PSSILPUZ[HSSLKHZHYPNPKILKKPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKZV\USPRLISVJRWH]PUN^PSS
UV[ILL_PISLPUJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKHJJVTTVKH[L]LOPJSL[YHMJ,_WLYPLUJLOHZZOV^UOV^L]LY[OH[YPNPKS`JVUZ[Y\J[LKHNWH]LTLU[ZHYL
HSVUN[LYTSV^THPU[LUHUJLZVS\[PVUHUKVM[LUHKHW[LKI`SVJHSH\[OVYP[PLZMVYZ[YLL[^VYRZHUKYLWHPYZ

3PRLISVJRWH]PUNP[PZHK]PZLKMVYHNWH]LTLU[Z[OH[[OLYLPZHYPNPKLKNLYLZ[YHPU[VUHSSZPKLZVM[OLWH]LTLU[[OPZJHUJVUZPZ[VMHU
HWWYVWYPH[LRLYIOH\UJOLKPUJVUJYL[LHUL_PZ[PUNZ[Y\J[\YLVYHYPNPKS`_LKWLYPTL[LYJV\YZL0[PZHSZVLZZLU[PHS[OH[K\YPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVU
HSSQVPU[ZHYLM\SS`SSLK^P[O[OLJVYYLJ[NYHKLVMQVPU[PUNZHUKHUK[OLQVPU[ZHYLPUZWLJ[LKHUK[VWWLK\WHZYLX\PYLKPTTLKPH[LS`HM[LY
JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKMVY[OLM\[\YLSPMLVM[OLWH]LTLU[;OLQVPU[PUNTH[LYPHSPUHNWH]LTLU[ZWYL]LU[^H[LYPUNYLZZPU[V[OLWH]LTLU[SH`LYZ
and potential deterioration of the sub base layers underneath.

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GHWDLOHGLQWKHFURVVVHFWLRQEHORZ

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DJDSSURSULDWHWRWKHHQGXVH

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IRUDJSDYLQJ
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VXUIDFH
6XEEDVH

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96
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/D\LQJ&RXUVH
;OLSH`LYVMTH[LYPHSVU^OPJO[OLISVJRWH]PUN\UP[ZHYLILKKLK0[PZLZZLU[PHS[OH[[OPZTH[LYPHSJVTWSPLZ^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM
):[HISLZ++HUK+HUKPZHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OLLUK\ZLVM[OLWH]LTLU[0[PZUV[WLYTP[[LK[VHKKJLTLU[VYSPTL[V
[OLSH`PUNJV\YZLTH[LYPHS[VHJ[HZHIPUKLY5V[L[OH[MVYTVYLOLH]PS`[YHMJRLKZP[LZ[OLUVTPUHSKLW[OVM[OLSH`PUNJV\YZLTH[LYPHS
PZYLK\JLKHUK[OLHSSV^HISLULZJVU[LU[PZHSZVYLK\JLK[VTPUPTPZL[OLWV[LU[PHSMVYZL[[SLTLU[HUKKL[LYPVYH[PVUPU\ZL

Sand laying course shV\SKJVTWS`^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM):ZLJ[PVUHUK[HISL>OLYLHZHUKSH`PUNJV\YZLPZ

adapted it is not permitted to add cement or lime to the laying course material to act as a binder. For bound construction a cement
IHZLKTVY[HYJVTWS`PUN^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVMZLJ[PVUVM):ZOV\SKIL\ZLK5V[L[OH[UVYTHSS`[OLUPZOLK
JVTWHJ[LKKLW[OVMSH`PUNJV\YZLTH[LYPHSMVYHNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUZOV\SKILTTMVYIV[OZHUKHUKTVY[HYIHZLKSH`PUNJV\YZL
TH[LYPHSZ*VUJYL[LHNWH]PUNSHPKVUHIV\UKJLTLU[IHZLKSH`PUNJV\YZLTVY[HYILKZOV\SKOH]LTTQVPU[ZSSLK^P[OH
cement based mortar class M6 to BS EN 998-2.

5RDGEDVH1RWXVXDOO\UHTXLUHG
;OLTH[LYPHSWSHJLKHIV]L[OLZ\IIHZLHUKILULH[O[OLSH`PUNJV\YZLSH`LYZ(YVHKIHZLSH`LY^PSS[`WPJHSS`VUS`ILYLX\PYLKPUHN
WH]LTLU[Z[OH[^PSSILYLX\PYLK[VHJJVTTVKH[L]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJSVHKPUNZVY^OLYLLTLYNLUJ`]LOPJSLHJJLZZT\Z[ILHSSV^LKMVY
VY^OLYL[OLZ\INYHKLNYV\UKJVUKP[PVUZHYLWVVYHUKYLX\PYLPTWYV]LTLU[MVY[OLKLZPYLK[YHMJSVHKPUNZ;OLYVHKIHZLSH`LY^PSS
HJ[HZHZ[PMMLUPUNSH`LYPU[OLWH]LTLU[JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKTH`ILHJLTLU[IV\UKNYHU\SHYTH[LYPHS*)4VYHIP[\TPUV\Z
macadam material

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(SSJVUJYL[LHNWH]LTLU[Z^PSSYLX\PYLHZ\IIHZLSH`LY;OPZPZ\Z\HSS`HOPNOX\HSP[`NYHU\SHYHSSPUHNNYLNH[LTH[LYPHS^OPJOPZ
PUZ[HSSLKHUKJVTWHJ[LKPUSH`LYZ5VYTHSS`[OPZTH[LYPHS^PSSILH;`WL0TH[LYPHSPUHJJVYKHUJL^P[OJSH\ZLVM[OL+LWHY[TLU[
MVY;YHUZWVY[:WLJPJH[PVUMVY/PNO^H`>VYRZVYJSH\ZL[`WL)PUHJJVYKHUJL^P[O[OL5H[PVUHS9VHKZ(\[OVYP[`:WLJPJH[PVUMVY
9VHK>VYRZ;OL\ZLVMSV^LYX\HSP[`SSTH[LYPHSZHUKYLJ`JSLKY\IISLSSZOV\SKILH]VPKLK\USLZZ[OLTH[LYPHSOHZILLU
PUKLWLUKLU[S`[LZ[LK[VKLTVUZ[YH[LP[TLL[ZVYL_JLLKZ[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OLZWLJPLKZ\IIHZLTH[LYPHSHIV]L

3DYLQJ)ODJ7KLFNQHVVHV
4VZ[VM[OL2PSZHYHUYHUNLVMHNWH]PUNPZH]HPSHISLPUH]HYPL[`VM[OPJRULZZLZ[VZ\P[KPMMLYLU[LUK\ZLYLX\PYLTLU[Z4VZ[VM[OL
WH]PUNHNYHUNLPZZ\WWSPLKPUTTKLW[OHZZ[HUKHYK>OPSL[OLKLW[OVMWH]PUNHNZLSLJ[LKT\Z[ILHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OLLUK
use, the maximum loading capacity that a constructed pavement can withstand will be substantially more dependent on the
WH]LTLU[I\PSK\WHUKJVUZ[Y\J[PVUILPUNHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OH[LUK\ZL[OHU[OLWH]PUNHN\UP[P[ZLSM

-SHNZOH]LILLU[YHKP[PVUHSS`ZWLJPLKMVYTHU``LHYZPU[OLJVTTVU)YP[PZO:[HUKHYKZPaLZKL[HPSLKPU):HUK[OLUH[PVUHS
annex of BS EN 1339:2003

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%UHDNLQJ/RDG %UHDNLQJ/RDG
B50 600 x 600 50 9.1 7.3
B63 600 x 600 63 14.4 11.6
E70 400 x 400 70 18.4 14.7
F40 400 x 400 40 9.5 7.6
F5 400 x 400 50 9.5 7.6
F63 400 x 400 63 16.1 12.9
F80 400 x 400 80 16.1 12.9

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YLSL]HU[2PSZHYHUJVUJYL[LWH]PUNHNWYVK\J[Z

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3DYHPHQW7\SH(QG8VH
DQG)ODJ7\SH
5V]LOPJSL[YHMJH[HU`[PTLWH[PVZWH[OZHUKWLKLZ[YPHUVUS`HYLHZ All unit sizes, 40mm in domestic and 50mm in public areas

Very occasional use by cars and cleaning equipment All unit sizes in 50mm depth or greater with appropriately
robust sub base design

Pavements with light vehicular (car only) crossings All unit sizes in minimum 63mm depth with appropriately
robust sub base design

7H]LTLU[Z^P[OSPNO[]LOPJ\SHYJHYVUS`[YHMJVY^OLYL F80 minimum with appropriately robust sub base design

emergency vehicle access may be required

0UMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZ[HISLPZIHZLKVUN\PKHUJL^P[OPU[OL5H[PVUHS(UUL_VM):,5 !HUKPZPU[LYWYL[LKHZP[ILZ[HWWSPLZ[V
[OLYLSL]HU[2PSZHYHUJVUJYL[LWH]PUNHNWYVK\J[Z

97
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6LWH$VVHVVPHQWIRU'HVLJQ3XUSRVHV
:PTPSHY[VISVJRWH]PUNZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUMVYJVTTLYJPHSHN -VYHNWH]PUNZJOLTLZ^OLYLUV]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJPZ[V
paving schemes the ground conditions (drainage and CBR \ZL[OLZ\YMHJLHZPTWSPLKHWWYVHJOPZVM[LU\ZLK
]HS\LZHUKJ\YYLU[HUKWYLKPJ[LK[YHMJ]VS\TLZVUS`MVY where the sub base depth will be in the region of
[YHMJRLKHNWH]LTLU[ZULLK[VILKL[LYTPULK[VZLSLJ[[OL TTHUKHUL_WLYPLUJLKWH]PUNNYV\UK^VYRZ
TVZ[Z\P[HISLWH]PUNHN\UP[ZPaLHUKKLW[OHUKHSZV[VHSSV^ contractor will be able to advise at appraisal stage if this
a suitable sub base design to be carried out. ZOV\SKILZ\MJPLU[

<USPRLISVJRWH]PUNZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNU[OLKLW[OVMZ\IIHZL
and roadbase (when required) construction is determined
\ZPUNNYHWOZMVY[OLWH]PUNHN\UP[Z[YLZZSPTP[HUKZLWHYH[LS`
for sub base material stress limit. These graphs are detailed in
section 6.4 of BS 7533-8 and the higher value obtained from
the two graph interpretations should be used.

*VUZ[Y\J[PVU
All materials used and installation and construction methodology should fully comply with the
YLX\PYLTLU[ZVM):4HPU[LUHUJLHUKYLPUZ[H[LTLU[^VYR^OLYLYLX\PYLKZOV\SKHSZV
meet the requirements of this standard and BS 7533-11.

2PSZHYHUZ[YVUNS`HK]PZL[OH[HSSWH]PUN^VYRZZOV\SKILJHYYPLKV\[I`HUL_WLYPLUJLKWH]PUN
JVU[YHJ[VY0[PZHZWLJPHSPZ[ZRPSSHUK[OLPU[LNYP[`HUKK\YHIPSP[`VM[OLJVTWSL[LKWH]PUNPZOPNOS`
KLWLUKLU[VUL_WLY[ZRPSSJHYLHUKH[[LU[PVUK\YPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKPUZ[HSSH[PVU

98
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PP PP PP

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manufactured. Spacer nibs are designed to give an even distance between each unit and allow for even and consistent
Z[YHPNO[SPULZ^OLUSH`PUNWH]PUN;OLZWHJLYUPIPUJVUQ\UJ[PVU^P[O[OLJOHTMLYKL[HPSP[WYV]PKLZHUL]LUQVPU[WYVSLHUK
WYV[LJ[Z[OL\UP[ZMYVTKHTHNLK\YPUNSH`PUNHUK[YHMJRPUN^OLUPU\ZL

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TVZ[HWWYVWYPH[LQVPU[WYVSLMVY[OLZJOLTL

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LNPUKVVYHYLHZHUKZOVWWPUN[YVSSL`HYLHZ7YVK\J[Z^P[OUHYYV^QVPU[Z^PSS\Z\HSS`
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SPNO[S`[YHMJRLKHYLHZK\L[VWV[LU[PHSJOPWWPUNVMLKNLZVM\UP[Z

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THPU[LUHUJL^PSSILSV^LY1VPU[PUN^PSSYLX\PYLPUZWLJ[PVUL]LY`TVU[OZ
UVYTHSS`HUKYLQVPU[WVZZPIS`L]LY``LHYZPUUVYTHS\ZL

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^P[O^PKLQVPU[ZHYLNLULYHSS`\ZLK^OLYLHUVSKLUSVVRHUKMLLSVMJVIISL[`WL
WH]PUNPZKLZPYLK5VYTHSS`[YHKP[PVUHSRPSUKYPLKQVPU[PUNZHUKPZUV[Z\P[LK[V^PKL
QVPU[ZHZL_WLYPLUJLOHZZOV^U[OH[^PUKHUKYHPUUH[\YHSS`YLTV]LZ[OLZHUKHSVUN
^P[OYV\[PUL^HZOPUNHUKJSLHUPUNVM[OLHYLH<Z\HSS`^PKLQVPU[WH]PUN^PSSYLX\PYLH
WVS`TLYPJZLSMOHYKLUPUNQVPU[PUNZHUKJVTWV\UKZ\JOHZ2PSZHYHU7LYTH1VPU[

1VPU[4HPU[LUHUJL
(SSQVPU[WYVSL\UP[Z^PSSYLX\PYLYV\[PULPUZWLJ[PVUHUKTHPU[LUHUJL^OLYLYLX\PYLKIV[OHM[LYPUP[PHSPUZ[HSSH[PVUHUKVUHU
VUNVPUNIHZPZ0[PZLZZLU[PHSMVYHSS[`WLZVMISVJRHUKHNWH]PUN[OH[QVPU[ZHYLTHPU[HPULKM\SSPUHSSHYLHZMVY[OLSPML[PTL
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water entering the laying course and sub base layers and causing more serious damage.

Newly jointed areas or areas which have had jointing material recently replaced will need to be inspected shortly after
jointing and topped up as some initial settlement of jointing materials will inevitably occur. After pressure washing or
JSLHUPUNWH]PUNP[PZSPRLS`[OH[QVPU[Z^PSSHSZVYLX\PYL[VWWPUN\W

99
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0[ZOV\SKILUV[LK[OH[IYPNO[LYJVSV\YZZ\JOHZZPS]LY All Kilsaran paving products are produced to the highest

I\MMYLKL[JHSVUN^P[O[L_[\YLKUPZOLZ^PSSYLX\PYL quality standards however it must be accepted by the
additional routine cleaning to maintain the colour and customer that all paving products are subject to slight
UPZOVM[OLWH]LKZ\YMHJL5H[\YHSHUKJOHYJVHSJVSV\YZ variations in colour tone and shade due to minor
lend themselves more to commercial projects where it is variations in naturally occurring raw materials and
desired to have reduced cleaning and maintenance manufacturing. The full and accurate quantity required for
routines. Silver and buff colours can be susceptible to a project must be advised in advance to Kilsaran to
KPZJVSV\YH[PVUPM^LLKRPSSLYJOLTPJHS[YLH[TLU[ZVYY\Z[ include an allowance for any waste or extra material that
inadvertently come into contact with the surface. may be required to allow us to supply from one
production batch. On site it is essential to lay from three
+\YPUNPUZ[HSSH[PVUNYLH[JHYLT\Z[IL[HRLULZWLJPHSS` [VZP_WHJRZ^VYRPUNHS[LYUH[LS`[OYV\NOLHJOWHJRHUK
with brighter / lighter colours not to get dirt, laying course layer to achieve an even blend on site. This is especially
materials or soil on the surface of paving. The correct important for blended colour products.
colour of jointing material must also be selected for the
paving unit. See jointing section of this guide.

100
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;OLJ\YYLU[WYVK\J[Z[HUKHYKZMVYISVJRWH]PUNHUKHN (SS2PSZHYHUWH]PUNWYVK\J[ZOH]L[OLPYZWLJPJZSPWZRPK
paving are BS EN 1338 / 1339 respectively. Section 5.3.5 test value quoted in the product technical & performance
VMIV[OZ[HUKHYKZKLHSZ^P[OZSPWZRPKYLZPZ[HUJLZ[H[LZ[OH[ data section on each product page. This is quoted as the
*VUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZOH]LZH[PZMHJ[VY`ZSPWZRPK wet tested USRV (unpolished slip resistance value) rating
resistance provided that their whole upper surface has not MVY[OLWYVK\J[4VZ[WYVK\J[Z^P[OHZ[HUKHYKUPZO^PSS
been ground and/or polished to produce a very smooth have a minimum value of 60 or greater with the exception
Z\YMHJL,ZZLU[PHSS`[OPZTLHUZ[OLYLPZUV[HJ\YYLU[JSLHYS` VMWYVK\J[Z^P[OHNYV\UKUPZO^OPJO^PSSOH]LH[`WPJHS
KLULKZ[HUKHYKMVY^OH[PZKLLTLKZSPWYLZPZ[HU[VYUV[ value in the range of 50 55.

-VYN\PKHUJLW\YWVZLZVUWYL]PV\ZZ[HUKHYKZWLJPJH[PVU 0MHZWLJPJZSPWZRPK]HS\LPZYLX\PYLKMVYHWYVQLJ[[OPZ
MVYZSPWZRPK]HS\LZ[OL[HISLILSV^MYVT[OLUV^ should can be discussed with a member of the Kilsaran
superceded BS product standards below illustrates the technical team.
previous BS standard guidance in this area. A minimum
guidance value of 35 in pedestrian areas and 45 in
]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJRLKHYLHZPZHK]PZLK

6OLS6NLG3HQGXOXP
7HVWLQJ$SSDUDWXV

Table below based on BS 6717: 2001 (Table 5) and BS 7263-1:2001 (Table 9)

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S1 No performance determined

S2 

S3 

S4 4HU\MHJ[\YLYZKLJSHYLK]HS\L

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MVY\ZLPUWLKLZ[YPHUHYLHZHUKWH]PUNISVJRZVMJSHZZ:HYLZ\P[HISLMVY\ZLPU]LOPJ\SHYHYLHZ

56;,-VYZWLJPHSHWWSPJH[PVUZLNHWWYVHJOLZ[V[YHMJSPNO[ZHOPNOLY]HS\LTH`ILHWWYVWYPH[L

101