Designation: D 1176 98 (Reapproved 2002)

Standard Practice for

Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine
Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 3.2 This practice shall be followed when sampling and

1.1 This practice covers information on sampling and pre- preparing aqueous solutions of products for evaluation in
paring solutions of engine coolants and antirusts (Notes 1 and ASTM test methods.
2). 3.3 Care must be taken to ensure that a representative
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the sample of product is taken.
standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate 3.4 This practice describes several different test methods.
equivalents given for information only. The methods to be followed should be agreed to by the supplier
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the and the customer.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4. Sampling Concentrated Liquid Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4.1 When received, the material will preferably be in a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. sealed, marked container. Allow the container to stand at room
temperature (not below 20C) before attempting to obtain a
NOTE 1Antirust as referred to in this practice covers products sample. The container and its contents shall be shaken well
intended for use in automotive/light-duty and heavy-duty applications in
before sampling (see Note 3). Any signs of solution separation
which water is used as the cooling medium.
NOTE 2Antirust products are available in liquid and solid form. should be noted and appropriate samples obtained by using a
Solids should be handled as outlined in Annex A1. decanting or pipeting technique. Some samples that contain
multiple phases may require the use of a separatory funnel to
2. Referenced Documents isolate a particular liquid layer or solids.
2.1 ASTM Standards: NOTE 3In the case of larger containers such as those with a nominal
D 1122 Test Method for Relative Density of Engine Coolant volume of 20 or 200 L (5 or 55 gal), the contents should be mixed
Concentrates and Engine Coolants By the Hydrometer2 thoroughly with a stirrer for at least 5 min to ensure a homogeneous
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3 mixture. The stirrer should be capable of dispersing any separated solids
D 5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of and supernatant phases without drawing air into the mixture.
Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool- 4.2 Remove a representative sample by pipeting or siphon-
ants by Digital Density Meter2 ing.
3. Significance and Use 5. Separation of Multiphase Products
3.1 This practice is used commonly by vehicle service or 5.1 If the product contains separated solids or liquids, place
laboratory personnel for sampling and preparing aqueous a representative sample obtained as described in Section 4 in a
solutions of engine coolants or antirust for further evaluation separatory funnel. Stopper the funnel and allow to stand for at
and testing. least 16 h. Separate the various phases as follows:
5.1.1 Remove settled liquids or solids, if present, by allow-
ing them to drain out together with a minimum amount of the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine major liquid phase.
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on Glassware 5.1.2 Then drain the major liquid phase into a suitable
Performance Tests. container, taking care not to include any supernatant liquid
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
published as D 1176 51. Last previous edition D 1176 96.
phase.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. 5.1.3 Finally, drain the supernatant phase into a separate
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. container.

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 1176 98 (2002)
5.1.4 If the solids will not drain out from the separatory 6.3.1.1 Measure the required volume of engine coolant or
funnel, siphon off the various liquid phases in sequence from antirust into a graduated cylinder.
the top of the funnel. 6.3.1.2 Add water of the type to be used for the test to just
5.1.5 If the solid does not separate from the liquid phase but below the final volume. Mix the solution well. Add enough
remains in suspension, separate by passing a representative water of the type to be used for the test to bring the contents of
sample of the product through an appropriate filter paper, using the graduated cylinder to the final volume and mix well again.
suction, and transfer the liquid to a storage container. The test concentration shall be expressed as the ratio of the
initial volume of the product to the final volume of the mixture
6. Preparation of Aqueous Solutions of the product and water, both measured at 20C.
6.3.2 More accurate concentrations can be prepared by the
6.1 Concentration is generally expressed as the percentage
following procedure:
by volume of the product at a specified temperature, usually
6.3.2.1 Suspend the sample in a constant temperature water
20C (68F).
bath set at 20 6 0.1C. Allow 15 to 30 min for the sample to
6.2 Gravimetric Procedure (Weight/Volume %):
equilibrate to this temperature.
6.2.1 Determine the relative density of the product at 6.3.2.2 When the sample has reached bath temperature,
20/20C (68/68F) to the nearest 0.0005 in accordance with transfer the required volume by pipet (see Note 5) to a clean,
Test Method D 1122. dry volumetric flask calibrated at 20 6 0.1C.
6.2.2 Calculate the weight of the product required to give
NOTE 5The pipet should be calibrated using the test solution at 20 6
the volume at 20C (68F).
0.1C.
NOTE 4ExampleFor a 30 % solution and a final volume of 100 mL, 6.3.2.3 Bring the level in the flask almost to the graduated
a product that has a relative density of 1.0149 at 20/20C (68/68F) would mark with the type water to be used for the test. Mix the
require that the following amount be weighed:
contents of the flask by inverting several times, taking care to
0.30 3 100 3 ~1.0149 3 0.99715! 5 30.360 g of product (1) avoid loss of solution through the stopper. Proceed as directed
in 6.2.4.
where:
0.99715 = the density of water at 20C (68F). 7. Preparation of Test Solutions that Contain Solids or
6.2.3 Weigh the sample in a clean, dry container on a Liquid Mixtures, or Both, in the Sample to be Tested
balance at room temperature. The sample shall be weighed to 7.1 It is difficult to handle and obtain accurate specific
an accuracy of 60.02 %. Record the weight and transfer the gravity measurements on samples containing solids and sepa-
sample to a clean, dry volumetric flask. Care should be taken rated layers. They are generally handled best by following the
to ensure that all of the sample is transferred from the weight recommendation outlined in 4.1.
container by rinsing with Specification D 1193, Type IV water 8. Treatment of Mixtures Resulting from Separation of
(or ASTM corrosive water, if required by the test). Fill to just Secondary Phases on Dilution of Product with Water
below the mark.
8.1 If a representative portion of the mixture is desired,
6.2.4 Mix the contents of the volumetric flask and bring to
proceed as directed in 4.1 before a portion is removed by
20C (68F) by placing the flask in a constant temperature bath
pipeting or siphoning. Stirring should be continued during
set at 20 6 0.1C. Adjust the volume to the mark using the
removal of the sample.
specified water when the contents have had a chance to come
8.2 If secondary phases are to be separated, proceed as
to temperature. Transfer the solution to the test vessel or
directed in 5.1.
storage container.
6.3 Volumetric Procedure (Volume %): 9. Keywords
6.3.1 For many applications, sufficient accuracy can be 9.1 antirust; aqueous solutions; engine coolant; gravimetric
obtained by measuring the sample in a graduated cylinder. procedure; sampling; solutions; volumetric procedure

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 D 1176 98 (2002)
ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. HANDLING SOLID ANTIRUSTS

A1.1 Antirusts supplied as powder or granules shall be through the container.

sampled by taking portions from various points of the con-
tainer. In the case of solids or caked material, the entire A1.2 Dried samples shall be weighed without delay to an
package shall be broken up, mixed thoroughly, and quartered, accuracy of 60.02 %, placed in a volumetric flask, and diluted
if necessary. The sample shall be dried at 100C to a constant to the specified concentration with whatever water is required
weight and stored in a desiccator until used. Samples shall not for the given test according to the procedure for a liquid
be taken from those portions of the inhibitor in which caking product.
has been caused by absorption of moisture and carbon dioxide

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