Siti Mariah Ulfah

1147070071
Komunikasi Digital
1. a) What is the value in decibels of the free-space loss for a carrier frequency of 100 Mhz and a
range of 3 miles?
b) The transmitter output power is 10W. Assume that both the transmitting and receiving
antennas are isotropic and that there are no other losses. Calculate the received power in dBW.
c) If in part (b), the EIRP is equal to 20 W, calculate the received power in dBW,
d) If the diameter of a dish antenna is doubled, calculate the antenna gain increase in dB.
e) For the system in part (a), what must the diameter of a dish antenna be in order for the
antenna gain to be 10dB? Assume an antenna efficiency of 0.55

JAWABAN :

a)

c 3 x10 8
3meters
f 10 8
; 3 miles x 1609 m/mile = 4827 meters

4d 2 4x 4827
( ) ( ) 4.09 x10 8
3
FSL =

FSL(dB) = 10 log (4.09 x 108) = 86.1 dB

Pr Pt /(( 4d ) / ) 2
b) Pt(dB) = 10 log (10W/1W)

Pr (dB) = Pt(dB) - FSL(dB) Pt(dB) = 10dB

= 10 dbW 86.1 dB

= - 76.1 dB

c) Pr (dB) = Pt(dB) - FSL(dB)

= 13 dBW 86.1 dB

= - 73.1 dB

4Ae
( ) kd 2
2

d) G =
 where d = antenna diameter

if antenna diameter is doubled,

G = k(4d2) = 4kd2

Which means the G will increased by a factor of 4 or an increased of 6 dB.

4Ae 4Ap 2d 2
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
e) G =
G 2 (3) 2 (10)
d2 ( ) (
2 ) 2 (0.55)
= 16.58 m2
d = 4.07 m

2. A Transmitter has an output of 2 W at a carrier frequency of 2 Ghz. Assume

that the transmitting and receiving antennas are parabolic dishes each 3 ft
in diameter. Assume that the efficiency of each antenna is 0.55.

(a) evaluate the gain of each antenna.

(b) calculate the EIRP of the transmitted signal in units of dBW.

(c) if the receiving antenna is located 25 miles from the transmitting

antenna over a free-space path, find the available signal power out of the
receiving antenna in units of dBW.

JAWABAN :

a. G = 4Ae = 4 Ap
2 2
= 2 d2 x ( 2x109) 2 Ketika d=3
( 3x108) 2

d = 3ftx0,3048 m/ft = 0,9144m

G = 201,7 = 23 dB
b. EIRP = PtGt = 2 x 201,7 = 403,4
= 26 dBW
4 d 4 x 25 x 1609
2
c. Ls = ( ) = ( 3 x 10 8/2 x 109 )2

= 1,13 x 1013 = 130,5 dB

 Pr = EIRP Gr = EIRP (dBW) + Gr(dB) Ls
Ls
= 26 + 23 130,5 = -81,5 dBW

3. from table 5.1 we see that the proposal from satellite television corporation called for direct
broadcast satellite (DBS) EIRP of 57 dBW and downlink transmisiion frequency of 12.5 GHz.
Assume that the only loss is the downlink space loss shown . suppose that the downlink
information consists of a digital signal with a data rate of 5x107 bits/s. Assume that the
required Eb/N0 is 10 dB, the system temperature at your home receiver is 600K, and that your
rooftop dish has an efficiency of 0.55. what is the minimum dish diameter that you can use in
order to close the link ? Do you think the neighbors will object ?

JAWABAN :

EIRPG /T 0
M=
E0
( )N0
R K Ls L0 ; M=1

E0
Gr = [ ( )
N0
R . K . L s . L0 .T 0s ]/ EIRP

Gr(dB) = 10+76,99-228,6+206,1+27,78-57

=35,27 dB = 3365,12
8 9
Gr ( 3 x 10 /12,5 x 10 ) 2 x 3365
2

Ap =
4 b 4 x 0,55

= 0,28 m2; diameter = 0,598 meter

4. an amplifier has an input and output resistance of 50ohm, a 60-dB gain,

and a handwidth of 10kHz. When a 50ohm resistor at 290K is connected
to the input, the output rms noise voltage is 100microV. Determine the
effective noise temperature of the amplifier.

JAWABAN :

Pout = Vo2 = k (Too - ToR ) WG

 R
= 10-8 = 1,38x10-23(290+ ToR) 104 x 106
ToR +290 = 2x10-20 = 1159 K
1,38 x 10-23
5. An amplifier has a noise figure of 4 dB, a Bandwith of 500 kHz, and an
input resistance of 50 calculate the input signal voltage needed to yield
an output SNR = 1 when the amplifier is connected to a signal source of
50 at 290 K.

Jawaban :

Ni = kTW = 1.38x10-23 x 290 x 5 x 105 = 2 x10-5W

F = 4dB = 2.51 = (S/N);/(S/N).

Let (S/N)o = 1 ; (S/N) = 2.51

Si = 2.51 Ni = 5.02 x 10-15 W

Xm2
=5.02 x 1015 W
R

Xm2 =2.51 x 10-3 Volt2

Xm = 0.5 mW

6. consider a communication system with the following specifications:

transmission frequency=3GHz, modulation format is BPSK, bit-error
probability=10-3, data rate=100 bits/s, link margin =3dB, EIRP=100w,
receiver antenna gain=10dB,distance between transmitter and
receiver=40.000km. assume that the line loss between the receiving
antenna and the receiver is negligible.
(a) calculate the maximum permissible noise power spectral density in
watts/hertz referenced to the receiver input.
(b)what the maximum permissible effective noise temperature in Kelvin
for the receiver if the antenna temperature is 290k?
(c) what is the maximum permissible noise figure in dB for the receiver?

JAWABAN :
a. PB = 10-3 = Q ( 2 E b )
No
2 E
Dari tabel B.1 , b ) = 3.09

No
Eb 4,77 = 6,8dB
No
4 d
Ls = ( )2 = ( 4 x 109 )2

( 3 x 108/ 3 x 109)
No = kTo = EIRP Gr =
M(Eb/No)regd RLs

kTo(dBW/Hg) = 20+10 ( 3+6.8+20+194)

kTo = - 193,8 dBW/Hg

= 4,17x 10-20 Watt/Hg

b. Tos = No/R = 4,17x 10-20 = 3022 K

1,38x10-23

ToR = Tos ToA = 3022-290 =2732 K

c. ToR = (F-1)290

F = ToR +1 = 2732 + 1 = 10,42 = 10,2 dB

290 290

7. A receiver preamplifier has a noise figure of 13dB , a gain of 60 dB, and

bandwith of 2 MHz. The Antenna temperature is 490 K. and the input
signal power is 10-12 W.
a) Find the effective temperature , in kelvin , of the preamplifier .
b) find the system temperature in kelvin.
c) find the output SNR decibels.

JAWABAN :
0
a T R= (F-1)290= (20-1)290= 5510K

b T 0s =T 0A +T 0R=490 +5510 = 6000K

c NewT = GR T s W =106 x 1,38 x 1023 x 6000 x 2 x 106

 7
= 1,66x 10 watt
6 12
Sout = G sin = 10 x 10
6
= 10 watt

106
(S/N)out = 1,66 x 10
7 = 6,02= 7,8 dB

8. Assume that a receiver has the following parameters: gain = 50 dB, noise
figure =10 dB, bandwidth = 500 MHz, input signal power = 50 x 10 -12 W.
Source temperature, TA = 10K, line loss =0dB. You are asked to insert a
preamplifier between the antenna and the receiver. The preamplfier is to
have a gain of 20dB and a bandwidth of 500 MHz. Find the preampliflier
noise figure that would be required to provider a 10-dB improvement in
overall system SNR.

JAWABAN :

TA = 10K Sout = 50 x 10-12

-12
Sin = 50 x 10 W x 105
= 5mW

WITHOUT PREAMP : TR = (F-1)290 = 2610 K

TR = TA + TR = 10 + 2610 = 2620 K

Nont = G/R TS W = 105 x 1.28x10 -23

x 2620 x 500 x 106

1.81 mW

(S/N)out = 5mW / 1.81mW = 2.76

Required imprement is 10dB, ;read

(S/N)out = 27.6

WITH PREAMP:

TA = 10K
 Sout = 50 x 10-12 x 102 x 105 = 500mW
500 mW
(S/N)out = 27.6 = Nout

{
permiseable
500 mW
Nout = = 18.12mW noise power
27.6
out

Nout = G - k TSW = 18.12 mW

18.12 x 106
TS = 10 2 x 10 5 x 1.38 x 1023 x 500 x 10 6 = 262.2K

T R 2
TCOMP = TR1 + G1 = 252.6 K

2610
TR1 = 252.6 - 100 = 226.5 K

F1 = 1.78 = 2.5 dB

9. find the maximum allowable effective system temperature. TS required to

just close a particular link parameters are asfollows: transmission
frequency = 12GHz, EIRP= 10dBW, receiver antenna gain = 0 dB,
modulation type is noncoherently detected BFSK, other losser = 0 dB, and
the distance between transmitter and receiver = 100 km.

JAWABAN :
1 Ep
1 2 No
PB = e = 10-5
2
E6
No = -2ln (2x10-5) = 21.64

= 13.4 dB

4 x 105 2

Ls =
4 d
( )
2

= ( )3 x 108
12 x 10
9
= 154 dB
 Eb
TS (dBK) = EIRP + Gr (M + No + R + k + Ls + Lo)

= 10 + 0 (0 + 13.4 + 40 228.6 +154)

= 31.2 dBK
= 1318 K

10. Consider a Receiver made up of the following three stages; the input
stage is a pre amplifier with a gain of 20dB and a noise figure of 6 dB. The
Second stage is a 3-dB lossy network. The output stage is an amplifier
with a gain of 60 dB and a noise figure of 16 dB.
(a) Find the composite noise figure for the receiver.
(b)Repeat part (a) with the preamplifier removed.
JAWABAN :

E1 = 20 3dB E3 = 60
dB Lossy dB
F1 = 6dB F3 = 16
dB

F 21 F 31
a ) F = F1 + G1 + G1 G2

21 3.981
F=4+ 100 + 100 x 1 /2

= 4.79 = 6.8 dB

3.981
b) F = 2 + 1/2

79.6 = 19 dB