CHAPTER I

Brief Description of the Set-Up and Activities of the

Power and Telecommunication Coordination Committee (PTCC)

1.0 Introduction

The importance of the co-ordination between power and telecommunication

lines in India was brought to the forefront by the increasing number of
situations of parallelism experienced immediately after independence. It was
felt that, with further progress in the development plans for electric power and
telecommunication, there would be a continually increasing number of such
cases.

Both the power and communication engineers gave considerable thought to

the subject and it was taken up for discussion in the All India Power Engineers
Conference held in New Delhi in February 1949. It was recognized that the
subject involved considerable amount of specialized study and that the task of
finding solutions to co-ordination problems that might arise from time to time
as well as to evolve general co-ordination methods is better dealt with by a
committee of Power and Telecommunication Engineers.

2.0 Formation of the PTCC

The All India Power Engineers Conference held in February 1949 discussed
the problems in considerable detail and recommended to the Central
Government the formation of a Central Standing Committee for co-ordination
of Power and Telecommunication Systems. The recommendation of the
conference was given effect to in resolution No.EL.II-151 (7) dated at New
Delhi, the 30th May 1949 from the Government of India, Ministry of Works,
Mines and Power, amended by corrigendum No.ELII-157 (7) dated 29 th
August 1949. The Resolution is reproduced as Appendix I to Chapter I.

3.0 Functions of the Committee

3.1 The terms of reference and the functions of the Committee are indicated in
detail in the circular letter dated 19 th September 1949, issued by the erstwhile
Ministry of Works, Mines and Power to the various State Governments etc.
separately at Appendix II to Chapter I.

3.2 The Rules of Business of the Central Standing Committee for co-ordination of
power and telecom lines adopted during the PTCC meeting on 24 th March
1972 are reproduced in Appendix III to Chapter I.

4.0 Membership of the Committee

PTCC Manual 2009

4.1 The Committee initially consisted of 10 members representing the Central
Electricity Commission, the then Post and Telegraph (P&T) Department, the
Electricity Branch of the Punjab, Public Works Department (PWD) and the
Civil Aviation Directorate (Technical Officers) and the Ministry of Finance, the
then Ministry of Works, Mines and Power and the Ministry of
Communications. Although the Power & Telecommunication Coordination
Committee (PTCC) was initially constituted for one year, the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Scientific Research vide their Letter No. EL.II-15 (9)
dated 15th February 1952 decided that it would continue to function until
further orders. There have been some changes in the membership of the
Committee from time to time. The co-option of members from the Railway
Board in the PTCC was recommended by the 11th Plenary Session of the
PTCC held in December 1965 in view of the large number of parallelism
cases arising from the electrification of Railways. The Deputy Director
(Telecom), Railway Board was then nominated to the Committee. A
representative of the Wireless Adviser to the Government started attending
the Committee meetings from 1961 onwards. Representatives of various
State Electricity Boards took part in meetings of the Committee from 1967
onwards. The meeting of the Committee held in April 1975 recommended
changes in the composition of the PTCC to make it more functional and the
present membership of the Central PTCC is based on the Government of
India, Ministry of Energys notification No. 3/1/2001 - Trans dated 11 th April
2001 reproduced in Appendix IV to Chapter I.

4.2 The meeting held on 10th August 1973 suggested that the PTCC should hold
meetings at the regional centers so as to ensure more effective participation
and involvement by the State Electricity Board and local Committees thus
enabling the members of the PTCC to have first-hand knowledge of the
problems faced at regional levels. This was unanimously agreed to.

4.3 In the Central PTCC meeting held in Hyderabad in February 1977, it was
decided to have these meetings on a quarterly basis covering all the four
regions in a year and including the concerned representatives in each region.
During discussions between Secretaries, Ministry of Energy and Ministry of
Communications and their concerned officers held in New Delhi in May 1977,
it was decided that a high level committee composed of Member, Telecom
Board; Member, Central Electricity Authority (CEA); and other officers would
be established to resolve important policy aspects and other pending matters
of Power Telecom Co-ordination. A few meetings of the Committee have since
taken place.

5.0 Meeting of the PTCC

5.1 The first meeting of the Committee was held on 28 th and 29th June 1949, when
certain decisions on the conduct of business of the PTCC were taken. It was
decided to have two kinds of meetings, viz. Plenary and Technical.

Plenary Meeting

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 This would deal with constitutional, administrative and financial aspects of co-
ordination work and ratify all resolutions of the Technical Meeting. All the
representatives of the Ministries and the technical members would be present
at these meetings.

Technical Meeting

This would deal with technical questions relating to co-ordination and

communicate decisions in specific cases to the parties concerned. Any
recommendations having repercussions on financial and legal matters would
be referred to the Plenary Meeting.

The procedure for modifying any existing technical standard and issuing new
technical directives was considered and it was decided that self-contained
Committee Papers will be prepared in each case and circulated in advance to
all members.

5.2 The Committee suggested that the principles in choosing a particular co-
ordination method should be:

(i) On the basis of the least cost to the Country consistent with the
proposed measures being technically sound and efficient.

(ii) That the least cost will take into account the first cost as well as the
capitalized value of recurring maintenance cost.

(iii) That whether the remedial measures are carried out on the power line
or communication line, the apportionment of costs as between the
participating parties and Governments will be worked out in each case
with due regard to the existing law and established practice.

5.2 Ever since its inception to the end of 1971, there have been 23
Technical Sessions and 24 Plenary Sessions of the PTCC. Subsequent
to 1971, combined meetings have been held and a total of 89 such
meetings have taken place during the period from March 1972 to
January 2009.

6.0 Activities of the PTCC

A summary of the main activities of the PTCC is given below along with
extracts of important decisions of the Committee topic wise for information.

6.1 Field Experiments, Studies and Reports

6.1.1 The first set of field experiments was carried out by the PTCC at Amritsar in
1949 on the 132 KV line between Jallandhar and Amritsar to determine the
effects on the neighbouring Delhi-Amritsar carrier telephone lines. The tests
were conducted with a view to determine the mutual coupling between the
power and communication lines and the extent of shielding from induction
afforded by the use of earth conductors. Tests were also conducted in Mumbai

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 in November 1949 to study the interference from the 22 KV Kalyan Vikhroli
line of the Tata Power Company on the Kalyan Mumbai trunk telephone
lines. The tests were aimed at determining the shielding exerted by the
electrified railway tracks paralleling the power and communication lines. The
shielding effects of earthed conductors on a transmission line were
experimentally studied in September 1950 on the 66 KV DC line from
Coimbatore to Tirupattur. This test formed a part of the survey undertaken by
the PTCC on the use of high conductivity wires for reduction of induction. The
Committee published reports of the above tests.
6.1.2 The Committee also published a report giving details of the methods of
measurement of earth resistivity for the use of power and communication
engineers in India, enabling them to choose, under given circumstances, the
most practicable method for assessing the earth resistivity in any given area
for purposes of interference calculations.

6.1.3 The Committee deputed the two Joint Secretaries, Shri V.R. Raghavan
(Power) and Shri B. Sivananda Rau (Telecom) to USA, Sweden, Canada,
Switzerland and England in 1951 to make a joint study of the status of the
problem of co-ordination between power and communication services in these
countries. The object of the deputation was to study the principles and
practices followed in those countries for mitigating the induction problem and
to examine how similar problems can be tackled in India. After hearing the
report of the Joint Secretaries, the PTCC passed a Resolution, at its meeting
held in February, 1952 that although practices in / of foreign countries cannot
be readily adopted in India, the Committee should make an intensive
investigation to improve co-ordination practices in India and for this purpose,
carry on systematic research work relating both to low frequency and noise
induction. The Committee recommended to the Government that funds should
be placed at its disposal as required for the purpose.

6.1.4 Regarding soil resistivity values, the Secretaries reported to the Committee, in
its meeting held in May 1953, that deduction of soil resistivity from induction
tests showed close agreement with measurements made with earth testing
meggar, provided the electrode spacing adopted for the latter were sufficiently
high (150 feet or above) and the measurements were made at frequent
intervals of the order of a mile.

6.1.5 The Committee at the meeting held on 25 th January 1974 adopted a

Resolution recommending that a study team comprising representatives from
the then Power Wing (PW) of Central Water & Power Commission (CW&PC)
and P&T Department be sent abroad to study the latest techniques in regard
to inductive co-ordination in other countries, since the last study team was
sent more than 24 years back and in view of the considerable advances in
other countries in the field. In the meeting held on 3 rd September 1974, it was
decided to include a representative from the Railways also in this Study Team.

6.1.6 During the year 1978, a joint team of four officers from the CEA, the then P&T
Department and Railway Board was deputed to Switzerland, France and
Sweden to study the practices relating to co-ordination in those countries. The
reports of the Study Team prepared separately by the Officers of the Central

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 Electricity Authority/Railway Board and the then P&T Department were
discussed so as to make suitable modifications where necessary in the
existing Indian practices relating to PTCC.

6.1.7 The PTCC at its meeting held in September 1978 appointed a sub-Committee
consisting of representatives from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), the
then P&T and the Railway Board to go into the problem of interference to
telegraph circuits from power lines. A copy of the recommendations of the
sub-Committee is given at Appendix V to Chapter I. The important finding was
that conversion of earth return telegraph circuits to metallic return is called for
only when the interference current as computed exceeds 1/10 th of the
telegraph current. This recommendation has been accepted by the PTCC and
clearances are being issued on this basis.

6.1.8 A Sub-Committee was formed to study the noise due to paralleling power
lines on telecom and railway communication circuits and in the meeting held
on 29th October 1987, it was informed that the report of the Sub-Committee be
circulated and in future noise problems should be sorted out directly by
discussion among Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Department of
Telecommunications (DOT) and Railways as required. The report of the Sub-
Committee is given at Appendix VI to Chapter I.

6.1.9 Effect of Single/Double phase power lines for railway traction purpose on
paralleling communication lines was under discussion in Central PTCC. A
Sub-Committee was formed to study the problem and suggest remedial
measures. In the meeting held on 5 th March 1992, it was informed by the Sub-
Committee that there will be no electro-magnetically induced voltage due to
normal working of these power lines but, however, each individual case would
be given to PTCC clearance based on its merits.

6.2 Codes of Practices

6.2.1 The Committee discussed the technical considerations involved in the

transposition of power lines and the procedure adopted in various foreign
countries and passed a Resolution to the effect (in its meeting in February
1952) that so far as interference to telecom lines is concerned, the
transposition on power lines are not necessary.

6.2.2 The Committee, at its meeting held in February 1952 considered the
regulations in regard to the structural arrangements to be provided at the
crossing between power and telecom lines vis--vis the practices in some
foreign countries and appointed a sub-committee to draft a suitable code. The
draft submitted by sub-committee was considered in the meeting held in
November 1953 and it was proposed that the draft suitably reworded be
submitted to the Committee members for approval. In the light of the
comments and information received regarding practices in other countries the
draft code was revised and presented to the session held in March 1955. The
Committee ratified the same for final printing and issue to all concerned.
Revisions to the Code of Practice were made in 1963 and 1974. A copy of the
present code is available in Chapter VI of this manual.

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6.2.3 In the meeting held in October 1963, the committee agreed to incorporation of
the clause regarding the crossing of telecom lines with power lines having a
pair of telecom lines on the same support in the PTCC Code of Practice.

6.2.4 In the meting held on 8th March 1976 at New Delhi the matter regarding power
line to be on one side of the road was discussed and it was agreed that in
open country, where there are power or telecom lines, the first entrant could
choose one side of the road. However, when next line is to be erected by the
same party on the same route, it should as far as possible, be erected on the
same side, where the first line existed. In case of difficulty, it may be sorted
out between the power and telecommunication authorities by mutual
consultation.

6.2.5 A sub-committee was formed to finalize the norms for PTCC clearance of
HVDC power lines. In the meeting held on 12 th February 1987, it was decided
that HVDC lines might be processed on the lines of norms finalized by the
sub-committee. Actual observations would be taken when +500 KV Delhi
Rihand power line is commissioned and if necessary modification to the
norms would be made. The norms for PTCC clearance of HVDC lines
circulated vide CEA, New Delhi letter No. 19/117/87-PTCC dated 3 rd February
1987 are at Appendix VII to Chapter I.

6.2.6 Finalization of Code of Practice for laying of underground Power Cable in

proximity of Telecom Cables was under discussion in Central PTCC and in the
meeting held on 29th October 1987, it was decided to follow the
recommendations based on the minutes of the meeting held between Delhi
Electric Supply Undertaking (DESU) and Department of Telecommunication
(DOT) on 23rd March 1987. These recommendations are given in Appendix
VIII to Chapter I.

6.2.7 In the meeting held on 14th June 1990, the draft Code of Practice on Earth
Potential Rise (EPR) near sub-stations was approved and it is now included in
Chapter VIII of this manual.

6.2.8 In the meeting held on 16th February 1995 at Bhopal, it was reiterated that in
principle the erection/ laying of lines by Power and Telecom authorities along
road should be restricted to either side of the road to avoid close proximity.

6.3 Protective Devices

6.3.1 The installation of Gas Discharge (GD) Tubes was first proposed by the
Committee on February1952 as a measure of protection of the telecom lines
affected by induction. In its meeting held in September 1952, the Committee
discussed the quotation received for GD tubes and the maintenance work
involved in the use of GD tubes and the reliability of their performance. It was
decided that

(i) The purchase of the tubes be expedited;

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 (ii) The routine testing equipment for maintenance of GD tubes be
purchased at the same time; and

(iii) That a careful record of the performance of the tubes over a period of
time be maintained.

6.3.2 In the meeting held in March 1955, the Committee was informed that a trial
consignment of NGC 3303 GD tubes had been received from M/s. Ericssons
and that a limited number of short-circuit relay protectors used in America had
also been obtained. These were to be tried in some known locations of severe
induction. In the meantime, it was suggested that tests on these devices be
conducted in co-operation with Indian Institute of Science. It was proposed
that GD tubes be installed on telephone lines exposed to the Ganga canal
grid lines and the SC relay protectors on the carrier alignment paralleling the
Bangalore-Davangere 66 KV line. A detailed log of the faults on the power
lines and the behavior of the protective devices on the telecom lines were
suggested.

6.3.3 The meeting held in January 1959 reviewed the investigations carried out at
the Indian Institute of Science on the suitability and operational characteristics
of various protective devices. The meeting held in February, 1960 considered
the report of tests on protective devices further and recommended the uses of
GD tubes in view of their suitability both as regard protective level as well as
life as established by the tests.

6.3.4 In the meeting held in February, 1961, the Chairman stated that it was very
essential for the Telecom Department to carry sufficient stock of GD tubes
since they were required in connection with cases of parallelism with power
lines on which large sums of money were spent and the commissioning of
which should not be delayed on account of lack of GD tubes for protecting the
affected telecom lines. In the same meeting, the question of shortage of
power contact protectors was also discussed and the Chairman wanted the
Telecom Department to always keep sufficient stock of these protectors. In
case of difficulty in finding adequate supplies of protectors, it should be
permissible to adopt double guarding in order not to delay the energization of
power lines.

6.3.5 In the meeting held in October 1963, the Committee decided that the earth
resistance for power contact protectors may be 10 ohms instead of 1 ohm or
lower as decided earlier.

6.3.6 The meeting held on 21st October 1972 expressed serious concern at the
increasingly high levels of induction on telecom lines and strongly
recommended that this problem should be studied in detail. Methods other
than the provision of GD tubes, such as installation of sectionalizing
transformers also deserved consideration.

6.3.7 High voltage limit for protection with GD tubes was under examination and in
the meeting held on 7th April 1983, it was intimated that instructions were
issued to DEs (T) (PTCC) to clear the cases on the basis of revised formula

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 for installation of GD tubes. This is as per the discussions held at the high
level meeting convened by Secretary (P) on 23 rd September 1982, wherein it
was decided that the revised formula of clearance with 20 GD tubes would be
used for the present. The 20 GD tubes formula was accepted by Department
of Telecom vide their letter No. 130-21/83-TPL (TX) dated 6 th August 1983 and
is illustrated in Appendix IX to Chapter I.

6.4 PTCC Route Approval

6.4.1 Instances where the then Mysore Electricity Department erected and
energized their HT lines without the approval of the PTCC were brought to the
notice of the Committee in 1955, which requested the Government of India to
draw the attention of the Mysore Government to the position which is in
contravention of Section 32 of the Indian Electricity Act, 1910. Similar action
was taken in the case of the Bareily Haldwani 66 KV line put up by the
Sharda Hydel authorities in Uttar Pradesh.

6.4.2 The meeting held in January 1959 suggested the preparation of a set of
directives and graphs which would enable Telecom field officers to tackle
cases of parallelism involving power lines upto 11 KV.

6.4.3 In the meeting in February 1961, the Chairman clarified that the approval of
the PTCC was only in regard to the route of the line and that any conditions
laid down by the PTCC had to be complied with before permitting the
energization of the line by the local telecom authorities. It was also pointed out
that as per Indian Electricity (I.E.) Rules, it was incumbent on the Power
authorities to give an advance notice prior to energization of the line which
should enable the local telecom authorities to take action to ensure that the
conditions, if any, stipulated by the PTCC have been complied with before
energizing the line.

6.4.4 In the meeting held on 21st October 1972, the representatives of the Telecom
Department pointed out that it would not be possible to give approval on the
basis of data furnished by Power authorities in regard to telecom lines with
application for power lines. Certain data might be overlooked when
information thereon is furnished by State Electricity Boards.

6.4.5 The meeting held on 25th January 1974 decided that the Joint Secretary
(Power) and Joint Secretary (Telecom) of Central PTCC should co-ordinate
and prepare a detailed procedure for reference of cases to the PTCC taking
into account the requirements of the Railways. A copy of the procedure was
prepared and circulated to all concerned in July 1974. In the meeting held on
3rd September 1974, the attention of State Electricity Boards and P&T was
drawn to the stipulation that the questionnaire and other data relating to power
parallelism should be furnished to the PTCC at the survey stage of the power
or telecom lines so as to provide adequate time for obtaining the required data
and processing the cases for approval. Procedure for clearance of power and
telecom cases is detailed in Chapter III of this manual.

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6.4.6 The meeting held on 21st October 1972 appointed a sub-committee to
recommend the stage at which cases for approval of the route of transmission
lines should be referred to the PTCC, the time-limit within which they should
be processed and the time that must elapse before energization of the route
after approval is given. Another sub-committee further reviewed the
recommendations of the sub-committee. The final recommendations were
accepted for implementation in the meeting held on 24 th February 1982. Time
Limits for various steps involved in PTCC clearance, circulated vide CGM,
T&D Circle, Jabalpur letter No. TD/LP-2091 dated 23 rd April 1982 are
reproduced in Appendix X to Chapter I.

6.4.7 The meeting held on 1st July 1977 ratified the proforma for PTCC route
approval. In the meeting held on 8 th May 1981, it was decided to add an
additional clause in the PTCC route approval certificate, to the effect that the
energization of Extra High Tension (EHT) power lines would not be held up for
want to installation of GD tubes on telecom lines when the induced voltage
are in the range of 430 to 650V. This is because GD tubes in this range are
recommended as additional protection at their own cost by DOT, although the
accepted PTCC safe limit is 650V for EHT power lines i.e. 66 KV and above.
Proforma of Route Approval is given in Appendix XI to Chapter I.

6.4.8 In the meeting held on 30 th October 1979, it was decided that for route
approval cases of power lines involving double circuits the induced voltage
calculations should be made considering the double circuit alignment even
when only one circuit is initially erected.

6.4.9 In the meeting held on 24th February 1979, it was decided that while referring
the tap lines, Power authorities should indicate the details of the PTCC
approval for the main line. Wherever route approval particulars are not
available full details of main line should be submitted along with the proposal
for approval of tap lines.

In the meeting held on 29 th September 1988, it was agreed that if the proposal
for main line is also received along with the tap lines, the clearance of tap
lines would be expeditiously done after examination without waiting for the
clearance of main line as far as possible. However, the clearance of the main
line will be decided subsequently, if it is possible to delink the main line case
with that of tap line and whatever protections would be needed on the telecom
line would be provided on the existing principles of later entrant etc.

In the meeting held on 11th November 1991, the State Electricity Board
representatives expressed their difficulties to furnish the details of the long
existing main lines while seeking clearance of Loop-In-Loop-Out (LILO) / Tap
lines. Relaxation in the matter was considered and it was said that only those
cases where induction effect appears dangerous on preliminary examination,
the complete main line details may be called for and the case examined in
detail.

6.4.10 It was decided in the meeting held on 29 th July 1983 that the route approval
for power cables would continue to be issued on lines similar to those for

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 overhead power lines taking into account the Screening Factors due to power
and telecom cables in computing the induced voltages.

6.4.11 In the meeting held on 16 th February 1995, it was reiterated that in principle all
the proposals for PTCC clearance should be submitted in advance at the
survey stage in order to give sufficient time for processing the cases for
approval.

6.5 Low Frequency (LF) Induction

6.5.1 The Committee considered the question of modifying the existing limits
relating to LF induction at the meeting held in May 1953 but was not inclined
to permit any general relaxation of the existing rules. It was felt that cases,
which prove to be extremely difficult, should be considered individually and
decided on their own merits.

6.5.2 At its meeting held in March 1955, the Committee noted that the CCIF had
agreed to raise the limit of maximum permissible low frequency induction to
650V in the case of high tension lines of high security. The Committee
decided that this recommendation be adopted in India and for this purpose all
EHT lines (66 KV and above) may be considered as belonging to the category
of high security lines subject to the following:

Notes:

(a) In addition to conforming to certain minimum requirements in respect of

mechanical strength, electrical insulation, geography of the region etc.,
lines of high security shall be equipped with protective devices and
circuit breakers so that the total duration of an earth fault current shall
be within 0.2 seconds in the majority of the cases and shall in no case
exceed 0.5 seconds.

(b) The CCIF recommendations raising the limit of longitudinal induction to

650 Volt do not in general apply to cases of signaling circuits of railway
systems and the value of 430 volts would be in force for such circuits.

(c) The 10th Plenary Session held on 15 th March 1955 decided to adopt the
CCIF recommendations regarding electrostatic induction also, i.e.,
there is a danger / risk if under normal operating conditions of an AC
traction line with earth return through Rail or as a result of an
accidental earth fault on one phase of an aerial power circuit of a single
phase line or of a three phase line with neutral point normally insulated,
the discharge current to earth of the two wires in parallel of an open
wire telephone line through an impedance of negligible value exceeds
15 milliamps (RMS).

6.5.3 The question was further discussed in the meeting held on 15 th June 1956
and the following recommendations were made.

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 (i) Except in the case of block signal and train wires and other similar
circuits on which line-clear signals are passed, the (revised) limit of 650
Volts may be applied for Railway circuits such as administrative control,
railway through, traffic control, deputy control etc.

(ii) For control and deputy control circuits on which operating personnel
would be working continuously, the operators telephone set should be
fitted with suitable acoustic shock absorbers in addition; proper
protective devices like gas and carbon arrestors may be fitted on the
circuits wherever they enter an office.

(iii) In all cases of parallelism involving railway circuits, the overall

parallelism may be examined keeping in view a maximum permissible
limit of 650 volts provided that in no block section within the total
stretch of parallelism, the low frequency induction in any circumstances
exceeds 430 volts.

(iv) For the purpose indicated in (iii), a reference will be made to the
concerned Railway authorities as also to the Deputy Director
(Telecom), Railway Board and their views obtained before the route of
the high security HT line is approved by the Committee.

6.5.4 The question of protection for telecom lines in cases of heavy induction was
discussed in Technical Session held on 2 nd December 1964. It was decided
that where the induced voltage is so high as to warrant provision of GD tubes,
at close intervals, other remedial measures such as cabling or adoption of
microwave etc. might be considered. Such individual cases should be put up
before the Committee. In the Technical Session held on 5 th January 1967, the
question of conducting LF tests for induction was considered and it was
decided that State Levels Units can be entrusted with this work when possible
and the results sent to the Central Committee.

6.5.5 In the meeting held on 24th February 1982, it was agreed to, that successive
infeed method on three phase lines will be adopted for LF test as it will enable
more number of readings to be taken. The detailed test procedure is given in
Chapter VII of this manual.

6.6 Co-ordination Measures

6.6.1 The March 1955 meeting considered the question of directives to field officers
to decide cases of parallelism involving HT lines below 11 KV. A sub-
committee was appointed to examine this question and suggest measures of
co-ordination in such cases. This question of joint use of poles for power and
telecom lines was also discussed and it was suggested that joint use may be
tried in some cases and based on experience gained, suitable directives could
be formulated.

6.6.2 In the meeting held in September 1957, the Chairman desired that in regard
to all the cases where the induced voltages on the communication lines are
found to be dangerous and where remedial measures are proposed to be

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 taken on the communication lines, the danger involved should be specifically
brought to the notice of the local communication authorities. Further, a list of
all such cases should be maintained with a view to checking the progress of
the remedial measures that are taken.

6.6.3 In the Technical Session held on 6 th May 1971, the question of

recommendations regarding statutory provision in respect of power and
telecom co-ordination was discussed at length. It was unanimously agreed
that before making mandatory provision, it was essential to take necessary
steps to make the working of the PTCC more efficient so that cases are
cleared quickly. The Plenary Session held on 7 th May 1971, decided that all
cases disposed off by the State Level Committees be presented before the
PTCC for formal approval.

6.6.4 In the meeting held on 3rd September 1974, at New Delhi, it was
recommended that in view of the large number of accidents to telecom
personnel due to deficiencies on LT leads and service loops, SDO of the P&T
Department and AE of Electricity Board should meet every month and besides
discussing the deficiencies and irregularities they should also have a joint
inspection of the concerned section for taking suitable remedial action.

6.6.5 The meeting held on 11th April 1975 considered the question of additional staff
to deal with PTCC work and passed a Resolution that an officer each of the
rank of AE may be attached to Member (Power) and Member (Telecom) of the
State Level PTCC for different items of work relating to the PTCC. The
Committee desired that Electricity Boards should provide in their line
estimates, necessary provision for protection of all power crossings and a
certificate to that effect should be endorsed on the estimate.

6.6.6 In the meeting held on 7th April 1983, it was intimated that the State Electricity
Boards would be advised by Central Electricity Authority to accede to requests
for power shut down from Telecom field units at appropriate levels, if danger
to human life was involved in connection with their maintenance work. This
issue has to be dealt on humanitarian grounds.

6.6.7 While discussing about construction of power/telecom lines without PTCC

approval and energization of power lines without energization certificate in the
meeting held on 6th November 1986, it was decided that Electrical Inspector of
the State has to ensure that the Indian Electricity Rules and Indian Electricity
Act, based on which these rules were made, are observed in practice. They
can grant permission for energization of lines only after satisfying that
provisions on rules are met. The comments of Secretary, Central Electricity
Board in this connection is given in Appendix XII to Chapter I.

6.6.8 In the meeting held on 11th November 1991, it was intimated that the work of
marking of power and telecom lines in maps of scale 1 Cm = 0.5 Km and
interchanging them is in progress on telecom side and some of the electricity
boards also confirmed of having taken up or are in process of starting the
work.

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6.7 Induced Voltage Calculations

6.7.1 In the meeting held in February 1961, the question of taking the value of fault
resistance in computations of fault current as recommended by CCITT was
considered. The Chairman suggested that the practice of not taking the
resistance erred on the conservative side and may be continued except where
the procedure led to serious difficulties. This was further discussed in January,
1967 meeting and it was decided that for parallelism which does not terminate
in a sub-station 20-ohms fault resistance can be taken. In respect of
parallelism terminating at substations, 20-ohms fault resistance may be taken
provisionally pending further investigations.

6.7.2 In view of the very large number of cases processed by the Central PTCC,
the question of further decentralization of PTCC cases was discussed in the
meeting of the Chairman of SEBs held in January, 1978 and it was
recommended that cases of power lines up to and including 132 KV would be
handled by the SEBs themselves and concerned Regional DET (PTCC).
Cases of power lines of 220 KV and above would be processed by the Central
PTCC. Accordingly, guidelines were prepared by the Central Electricity
Authority for computation of induced voltages and circulated to the SEBs. The
nominees of Electricity Boards have also been briefed where necessary about
the procedure for computation during their visits to the CEA office. Four
training courses on power telecom co-ordination have been arranged in
August 1977, May 1978, August 1978 and March 1979 by the Central
Electricity Authority at the Power System Training Institute at Bangalore at
which officers from various SEBs, Telecom and Railways have been offered
training on theoretical and practical aspects of co-ordination by Engineers
from the Central Electricity Authority/Telecom and Railway Boards. Similar
training courses are continued to be arranged once every year.

6.7.3 In the meeting held on 23rd October 1980, it was agreed that the cases of
inter-state lines of 132 KV and below would be handled by Central Electricity
Authority in view of procedural difficulties in dealing with different states.

6.7.4 In the meeting held on 26 th September 1984, members were informed about
the ready reckoner for computation of mutual coupling prepared by Rajasthan
State Electricity Board (RSEB) and duly checked by Central Electricity
Authority. It was decided that RSEB may go ahead with the printing of Ready
Reckoner to be supplied to the participants on demand on actual cost basis.

6.7.5 In the meeting held on 14 th June 1990, representative of Central Electricity

Authority intimated that the computation of induced voltage is already being
done by computer in CEA and the programs for computation of Mutual
Coupling (MC) and Fault Current (FC) calculations are available for supply to
the interested organizations on consultancy basis. Regarding computerization
of maps etc he assured to examine it in consultation with Department of
Telecommunications.

6.8 Licensing Very High Frequency (VHF) & Power Line Carrier
Communication (PLCC) Facilities

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6.8.1 The question of licensing VHF and PLCC facilities required by power systems
was discussed in Plenary Meeting held on 9 th December 1955 and the
Committee resolved that:

(i) The Ministry of Communication be requested to pursue a liberal policy

of granting licenses to power supply undertakings for providing
communication facilities required for operation and maintenance of
power systems.

(ii) The power supply undertakings, while forwarding applications to the

Telecom Department for obtaining licenses for their own
communication facilities, should endorse a copy to the PTCC for
examination of technical matters and recommendations to DG
Telecom.

(iii) The Ministry of Communication is requested to reconsider the

stipulation regarding taking over the communication network of the
power supply authority, while granting licenses to Power authorities for
operating their communication facilities.

(iv) The question of royalties and fees payable by the power supply
undertakings may be a matter of negotiation between the Ministry of
Communication and the party concerned.

The procedure for granting licenses for PLCC systems was further discussed
in the Plenary Meeting on 28 th January 1959 and it was decided that Power
authorities should refer all cases to the PTCC, who in consultation with the
Wireless Adviser, would forward it with their recommendations to the DG
Telecom.

6.8.1 The Committee felt that PLCC cases would not come strictly within the
purview of the PTCC and as such lists of PLCC cases need not be put up
before future Committees. The Committee ratified the instructions already
issued to state level committees.

6.8.3 In the meeting held on 8th May 1981, it was intimated that Telecom Directorate
had issued instructions and Central Electricity Authority concurred with them
according to which-

(i) In cases where detailed survey for the power line is to be completed
the PTCC should be intimated along with the PLCC application that a
power line is to be constructed between these places and details shall
be furnished after survey;

(ii) In cases, where PLCC is to be superimposed on a power line not

referred to the PTCC the same has to be referred to the PTCC before
applying for PLCC frequency allocation.

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 In cases of lines constructed prior to the formation of PTCC, it was decided in
the meeting that in such instances, the PTCC case would be regularized
through PTCC but the frequency allocation should not be held up on this
account.

6.9 Apportionment of Costs

6.9.1 In the 23rd Plenary Session of the PTCC held on 6 th January 1967, the
financial aspects of co-ordination measures were discussed at length. It was
decided that the later entrant in the field should pay the initial cost of
protective measures recommended by the PTCC + 15% towards spares.

6.9.2 The question of apportionment of costs for protection of railway block circuits
against induction from power lines under fault conditions has been under the
consideration of the PTCC from 1972 onwards. The following is a
chronological record of the case:

(i) PTCC meeting on 24th March 1972 sets up working group of Railways
and the then P&T to discuss the issue.

(ii) Meeting of Working Groups on 25th August 1972. No agreement

reached.

(iii) PTCC meeting of 21st October 1972 decided to revive the Working
Group.

(iv) Meeting of Working Group on 28 th March 1973. Agreement not

possible.

(v) PTCC meeting on 10th August 1973 discussed the issue again and
decided as follows with the Railway representative dissenting:

(a) The PTCC will concern itself to giving route approvals in all
cases (whether Telecom or Railway owned) by providing
protective measures to conform to the voltage limits specified by
CCITT.

(b) In case any using Department wants additional protective

measures to meet the special needs of its own, such
Departments would have to adopt suitable measures at their
own cost.

(c) In respect of block circuits leased from Telecom, the Telecom

authorities would indicate the required details in the route map.
In respect of Railway-owned circuits, however, such details
would be obtained from the local authorities. A reference will be
made to the Railways before route approvals only in cases
where even after adopting standard protective measures, it is
not possible to bring down the induced voltages to the levels
prescribed by the CCITT.

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 (vi) Matter reviewed in the PTCC meeting on 25 th January 1974, which
reiterates the decision as at (v), with the Railway representatives not
being in agreement with it.

6.9.3 The question of apportionment of costs between Power and Telecom

(Telecom/Railway) authorities for re-engineering of circuits affected by newly
laid power lines has been under discussion between the CEA and the
Telecom Board based on the report of the PTCC Study Team referred to in
Para 6.1.6. The Telecom Board then accepted the principle of cost
apportionment in such cases on the basis of 2/3 and 1/3 share between
Power and Telecom authorities. A copy of the Telecom Boards letter dated
18th July 1981 in this regard is at Item I in Appendix XIII to Chapter I.

6.9.4 In case, the interference current on Earth Return Telegraph Circuit exceeds
the prescribed limit of 1/10th of the working current on account of electrostatic
or electromagnetic induction due to the cumulative effect of various power
lines, then it was agreed in the Central PTCC meeting held on 29 th July 1983
that the later entrant contributing to making the limit being exceeded would be
liable to pay for the conversion of earth return to metallic return even though
the contribution due to that particular power line by itself may not exceed
1/10th of the working current.

6.9.5 After detailed discussion in the meeting held on 17 th November 1983 at

Ernakulam, it was decided that the old cases of power and telecom lines not
yet cleared by the PTCC should be regularized. The concerned field
authorities were requested to take action accordingly. As regards the question
of later entrant for the purpose of protection measures etc. the date of
reference of the case to the PTCC should be the deciding factor. Chairman
suggested that, wherever the records of clearance were not available in the
case of existing telecom/power line, the date of construction should be the
deciding factor. If the records were not available in spite of best efforts, LF
tests should be conducted and the cost of protection should be shared by
both the parties concerned on 50:50 basis.

6.9.6 A decision about the basis for deciding the later entrant was taken in the
meeting held on 20th February 1984 for the purpose of cost apportionment.
Accordingly-

(i) From 17th November 1983 onwards the date of reference to the
competent PTCC authority will be the basis for cost apportionment for
re-engineering and protective measures to telecom lines in respect of
new lines proposed or constructed and

(ii) In all old cases of DOT and power lines prior to 17 th November 1983,
actual date of construction/modification involving LF induction will be
the basis for the cost apportionment for re-engineering and protective
devices.

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6.9.7 A high level meeting was held on 4 th May 1992 in connection with
apportionment of costs of re-engineering with apportionment of costs of re-
engineering between representatives of DOT and DOP and the minutes
circulated vide DOT letter No.10-11/92-ML dated 25 th May 1992 were given at
Item-II in Appendix XIII to Chapter I.

6.9.8 In the meeting held on 16 th February 1995 at Bhopal, Director (ML) readout
the guidelines approved by DOT based on the recommendations of the high
level committee on methodology for obtaining payment of re-engineering
charges towards affected telecom circuits/lines from Power authorities. DOT,
New Delhi letter No. 10-11/94-ML dated 30 th January 1995, containing these
guidelines is included in Appendix XIV to Chapter I. It was decided to settle all
pending and future re-engineering cases based on these guidelines.

6.10State Level Power & Telecommunication Coordination Committee

(SLPTCC)

6.10.1 A proposal for the formation of Sub-Committee to deal with power lines of
voltage up to and including 33 KV was considered in the Technical Committee
meeting held on 5th January 1967. Considering that large lengths of 11, 22
and 33 KV power lines have to be constructed on top priority basis in the
context of the five year plans, the PTCC felt that creation of Sub-Committees
at State Level is warranted to handle problems of co-ordination in regard to
sub-transmission lines. The PTCC accordingly recommended to Government
the formation of State Level Committees in each of the States comprising
representative each from the office of the General Manager, Telecom and
Chief Engineer, State Electricity Board of the respective states. These
Committees will dispose of parallelism cases of power lines up to 33 KV in
their respective states in accordance with a simplified procedure drawn up
and furnish to the Central Committee a quarterly progress report about the co-
ordination cases processed by them. The PTCC felt that this active
association of power and telecom interests would remove the bottlenecks
existing at present.

6.10.2 The meeting of the Committee held on 25 th January 1974 agreed to the
proposal of the Railways for inclusion of their representatives in the various
State Level Committees. It was also decided in the meeting held on 3 rd
September 1974 that during the interval between two PTCC meetings, at least
one case may be taken up for detailed tests and investigation. The JS (P) and
JS (T) would submit the reports of such tests to the PTCC for further action.

6.10.3 In the meeting held on 21st March 1980 at Jabalpur, it was decided that the
completion of protection works for the cases for which Central PTCC issues
route approval might be discussed in the State Level PTCC meetings. It was
decided that the minutes of State Level PTCC meetings would also be
endorsed to Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi.

6.10.4 In the meeting held on 26th September 1984, it was decided that AE (PTCC)
of T&D Circle would continue to be the Secretary for State Level PTCC. In the
58th Central PTCC meeting held on 25 th February 1993 decisions were taken

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 about frequency of State Level PTCC meetings and additional functions to be
performed by State Level PTCC so as to make it more effective. The revised
present composition of State Level PTCC and its frequency and functions are
given in Appendix XV to Chapter I.

6.10.5 In the meeting held on 24th January 1990, it was clarified that the decisions of
Central PTCC are binding on State Level PTCC and since DETs (PTCC) are
attending all State Level PTCC meetings; they should ensure that no
adverse/contradictory decisions are taken at State Level PTCC meetings.

6.10.6 In the meeting held on 16 th February 1995 at Bhopal, the matter for up-
gradation of Chairmanship of State Level PTCC was discussed and it was felt
that there was no such necessity and the present system was found to be
working satisfactorily. However, Members were of the view that as at the
Central level, at the State level also a high level co-ordination body may be
constituted, wherever necessary, with the GM on telecom side and CE on
power side to settle those cases which remain unresolved even after two
State Level PTCC meetings.

6.11Co-ordination with Railways

6.11.1 The Railway Board has been writing to the PTCC ever since stating that the
decisions of the PTCC are not acceptable to it and that the Electricity Boards
pay for all protective measures which the Railways consider necessary for
ensuring that the block circuits are protected from induction. The matter has
been discussed again with the Railway Board by officers of the Central
Electricity Authority to ascertain the types of block circuits and the extent to
which they are affected by induction. It is seen that there are nearly 25 types
of block instruments of which a few can withstand induction up to 430V, a few
can be modified to withstand low levels of induction and a few cannot tolerate
any induction.

6.11.2 The above decisions have been modified at a High Level meeting at the level
of Members of P&T Board; Member of CEA, Director (Signals) of Railway
Board and other concerned officers, which was held in December 1976 and a
copy of the minutes indicating the decisions is in Appendix XVI to Chapter I.

6.11.3 Application of Screening Factor due to Rails in induced voltage calculations

for Railway telecom and block circuits was under discussion in several Central
PTCC meetings and finally a decision was taken in the meeting held on 12 th
February 1987 that unity screening factor due to rails will be applied only for
the Railway block circuits.

6.11.4 AC Immunity levels of Railway block instruments was circulated by Railways

vide Director Telecom (Railway Board) New Delhi letters, (i)
No.77/W3/TCM/2/Meeting dated 3rd April 1978 and (ii) No.
90/Telecom/PTCC/P/1 dated 25th May 1993, which are included in Appendix
XVII to Chapter I.

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6.12Guidelines For Laying Power Cables Greater Than 33 KV in Proximity With
Telecom Cables

6.12.1 A sub-committee comprising the members from CEA, T & D Circle, BSNL,
Jabalpur, AP Telecom Circle, TN Telecom Circle, TNEB and APTRANSCO
was set up by the Central PTCC during its 73 rd Central PTCC Meeting held on
5th August 1999 at Aurangabad to prepare interim guidelines for laying the
power cables greater than 33 KV in proximity with telecom cables. The
Committee framed the guidelines and submitted them to the Central PTCC for
its approval and acceptance for the use of Power and Telecom sectors. The
Central PTCC has approved and accepted the guidelines and they were
circulated with the Minutes of the 82 nd Central PTCC meeting held at Lucknow
on 26th February 2004. These guidelines have been given in Appendix XVIII
to Chapter I.

6.13 Summery of important points required to be followed for forwarding of

PTCC proposal.

6.13.1 This information is given as Appendix- XIX to chapter I

6.14 Formation of Protection/Re-engineering Supervisory Sub-committee.

6.14.1 In the 89th Central PTCC meeting held at Aurangabad held on 23 rd January
2009 the Central PTCC had accepted the proposal of CEA for formation of a
Sub-committee to scrutinize the re-engineering estimates. The Supervisory
committee should work to bring uniformity in the scope of equipment required
for re-engineering and cost aspects thereof. The Chairman, Central PTCC,
advised that in order to make this Supervisory Committee most effective it
should include the member from the affected power utility, he will also be the
convener of the meeting. He proposed that there should be three permanent
members of this Supervisory Committee

1. Director (PTCC), CEA,

2. AGM (PTCC) T&D Circle, Jabalpur.
3. Director (Telecom), Railway Board.

He further proposed that there shall be two/three floating members in the Sub-
committee which will be as follows:

1. Member from the affected power utility whose re-engineering proposal

is to be scrutinized by the Sub-Committee.
2. A Member from the agency who has given the re-engineering estimate.
It will be either BSNL or Railways.
3. Any other party which is directly affected by this re-engineering
estimate.

Chairman Central PTCC further said that whenever required the meeting of
the above committee has to be convened by the affected power utility.

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 Appendix I to Chapter I
(Refer Para 2.0)

No.EL.II-151 (7) dated 30th May 1949,

Amended by EL.II-141 (7) dated 29th August 1949

RESOLUTION

The Government of India have given careful consideration to the problems of

interference between power and telecommunication lines and installations
and are of the opinion that measures should now be taken to resolve the
conflict of interests in regard to the location and working of power and
telecommunication lines and installations, which, either exist at present or
may arise in the future, with the increasing development of electric power and
telecommunication facilities in India.

Both power and telecommunication services are essential to the life of the
community, and in the interest of satisfactory and economical service, the
Power and Communication authorities should jointly evolve agreed general
methods of co-ordination. In individual cases, where general coordination
methods are considered insufficient, special measures should be devised to
meet the situation in order to prevent or at least minimize the effects of
interference.

The Government of India have, therefore, decided to constitute a Central

Standing Committee of Co-ordination of power and telecommunication lines.

2. Composition of the Committee

The Committee will consist of the following:

(i) Shri N.N. Iyengar, Chairman, Central Electricity Commission

(ii) Shri H.R. Bhatia, Project Engineer East, Punjab Electricity Branch.

(iii) Shri V.R. Raghavan, Project Officer, Central Electricity Commission.

(iv) Shri H.N. Shrivastava, Additional Chief Engineer, P&T Directorate.

(v) Shri B.S. Rau, Director of Telegraphs (External Plants), P&T

Directorate.

(vi) Shri M.B. Sarwate, Director of Communications, Civil Aviation

Directorate.

(vii) Shri K.V. Venkatachalam, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of

Communication.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 (viii) Shri A.C. Bose, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Finance
(Communication).

(ix) Shri S. Neelakantam, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Works, Mines and

Power.

(x) Shri S. Venkataraman, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Finance.

The above committees may co-opt additional members as may be necessary

from time to time, nominate a Joint Secretary each from the Central Electricity
Commission and the Posts and Telegraphs Directorate. The headquarters of
the Committee shall be at Delhi and the Posts & Telegraphs Directorate will
provide secretariat assistance. The terms of office of the members will be one
year.

3. Functions of the Committee

The Committee shall:

(i) Study the existing rules and regulations issued on the subject by
competent authorities and suggest that modifications, if any, are called
for in the light of present day researches and developments and
international practices.

(ii) Initiate and undertake scientific and field studies associated with the
problem of co-ordination.

(iii) Examine and study all individual co-ordination cases and recommend
measures to be undertaken.

4. For carrying out the above functions, the Committee may seek the assistance
of the Engineering Branches of the Posts and Telegraphs Department, the
Engineering Departments of the Central and Provincial Governments and
other scientific organizations in India, such as, the Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, in
carrying out various field studies and experiments.

5. In order that field tests and investigations may be carried out by various
scientific bodies and the Posts and Telegraphs Department on behalf of the
Committee, it is recommended that the Central, Provincial and State
Governments whose co-ordination problems are to be considered, should
provide in their annual budgets necessary lump sum grants for the purpose.

ORDER

ORDERED that this Resolution be communicated to all provincial

Governments, all Chief Commissioners, the Ministries of the Government of India
(including Joint Secretaries, Ministry of Finance, Defence Division, I&C Division and

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Communications Division). The Cabinet Secretariat, the Prime Ministers Secretariat
and the Private and Military Secretaries to his Excellency the Governor General.

ORDERED so that the Resolution be published in the Gazette of India, for

general information.

Sd/-
(B.K. Gokhale)
Secretary

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 Appendix II to Chapter I
(Refer Para 3.1)

Government of India
Ministry of Works, Mines & Power

No.EL.II-151 (7) Dated, New Delhi, the 19 th September

1949

From : Shri S. Neelakantam,

Dy. Secretary to the Govt. of India.

To,
All Provincial Governments, Chief Commissioners and State
Governments.

Subject: Co-ordination between Power & Telecommunication

Systems.

Sir,

I am directed to invite the attention of all Provincial Governments etc to the

Resolution of the Government of India, in the Ministry of Works, Mines and
Power No. EL.II-151 (7) dated the 30 th May 1949, constituting a Central
Standing Committee on co-ordination of Power & Telecommunication
systems. This Committee has commenced its labours and in its first meeting
held in New Delhi on the 11th August, 1949 has formulated the general
procedure and principles which it will adopt. The Committee has already
begun the task of examining the problems of Co-ordination of Power and
Telecommunication systems and of carrying out detailed scientific
investigations with a view to evolve satisfactory solutions to them. In this work,
the Committee will generally be guided by the recommendations of the
Comite Consultatif Internationale Telephonique a grande distance. It is,
however, felt that situations may arise where rigid application of the
recommendation of the CCIF cannot be enforced without causing
considerable inconvenience either to Power or Communication authorities.
Such cases will be examined in the light of field experiments and recent data
available in the other countries. The Committee proposes to deal with these
individual problems as they arise and in this connection, has formulated the
following general points for its guidance.

(a) In any interference situation, the Committee will give careful

consideration to the various possible methods of reducing the
interference to the permissible limits and recommend to the parties
concerned that method which involves the least cost to the country
(irrespective of the system on which these measures are carried out)
consistent with the proposed measures being technically sound and
efficient.

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 (b) The least cost mentioned in Item (a) above will take into account the
first cost as well as the present value of the increase or decrease in the
recurring maintenance costs.

(c) Whether the remedial measures are carried out on the power line or on
the communication line, the apportionment of the cost as between the
participating parties and/or Governments will be worked out in each
case with the due regard to existing laws and established practice.
2. It is expected that the rapid development of power and communication
services in the country is likely to give rise to a large number of difficult
interference situations. In order not to hold up the progress of these important
projects, it is urgently necessary to find acceptable solutions to the problems.

3. Accordingly, in order to facilitate and expedite decisions in the case of any

new transmission lines or modifications to the existing lines, it is requested
that the co-ordination committees is apprised of the intentions of the
Provincial Governments, Licensees etc. in regard to schemes for the
construction of transmission and distribution lines together with all relevant
details required for the construction of the question. All Provincial
Governments, State Governments, etc, are therefore requested to advise the
heads of their respective Electricity Departments to forward to:

(a) The Joint Secretary (Power), Power Telecommunications Co-ordination

Committee, Central Electricity Commission, Simla and also to-

(b) The Joint Secretary (Telecommunications), Power Telecommunications

Co-ordination Committee, P&T Directorate (Development Branch),
Eastern Court, New Delhi.

Particulars asked for in the enclosed questionnaire of all transmission line

schemes, which are either under construction or have been projected.
Further, the Electrical Inspectors of the Provincial Governments may also be
requested to instruct the Electricity Supply Licensees to take similar action in
respect of transmission lines being constructed by them. In the case of those
states where there are no Electrical Inspectors, the State Governments may
directly advise the Electricity Supply Licensees in their jurisdiction in regard to
this matter.

4. The Provincial and State Electricity Departments or Electricity Licensees

desiring information regarding telegraph or telephone installations in their
areas may consult the local Divisional Engineers Telegraph or the Directors of
Telegraphs.

Yours faithfully,

Sd/-
(S. Neelakantam)
Deputy Secretary to the Government of India

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix III to Chapter I
(Refer Para 3.2)

Rules of Business of the Central Standing Committee for

Co-ordination of Power and Telecommunication Lines
(Adopted in the Central PTCC Meeting held on 24.03.72)

1. The Government of India has constituted a body called Central Standing

Committee of Co-ordination of Power and Telecommunication lines, hereafter
referred to as the Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee
(PTCC) under Resolution No. II-151 (7) dated 30.5.1949, generally to
exercise such functions and duties as assigned and in such manner as
prescribed by the Government and in particular to:

(i) Study the existing rules and regulations issued on the subject by
competent authorities and suggest what modifications, if any, are called
for in the light of present day researches and developments and
international practices.

(ii) Initiate and undertake scientific and field studies associated with the
problem of co-ordination.

(iii) Examine and study all individual co-ordination cases and recommend
measures to be undertaken.

(iv) To consider and make recommendations to Government on all matters

concerned affecting power and telecommunication systems.

2. The PTCC hereby makes the following Rules of Business in order to facilitate
its working and carrying out its functions and duties.

3. Short Title

(i) These may be called the Rules of Business of the Power and
Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee.

(ii) They shall come into force with immediate effect.

(iii) Any acts done by the PTCC hereafter would be considered to have
been done under these Rules.

Part I

4. Definitions

In these Rules unless the context otherwise requires:

(i) PTCC means the Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination

Committee.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 (ii) Chairman means the Chairman of the PTCC.

(iii) Vice- Chairman means the Vice-Chairman of the PTCC.

(iv) Member means Member of the PTCC nominated by Government of

India

(v) CWPC (PW) means Central Water & Power Commission (Power Wing)
while P&T means Posts and Telegraphs Department.

(vi) Joint Secretary (Power) means Joint Secretary of the PTCC and Joint
Secretary (Telecom) means Joint Secretary of the PTCC respectively
from CWPC (PW) and Post and Telegraph.

(vii) Meeting means meeting of the PTCC.

5. All other works and expressions used herein and not defined specifically shall
have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Indian Telegraphs Act
1885, the Indian Electricity Act 1910 and the Indian Electricity (Supply) Act
1948.

Part II

The PTCC and its Secretariat

6. Composition

(i) The PTCC shall comprise of all the members nominated to it by the
Government of India from time to time.

(ii) The PTCC has the option to co-opt additional members as may be
necessary from time to time.

(iii) The Deputy Director (PTCC) of the CWPC (PW) and the Divisional
Engineer (Telegraphs) of Posts and Telegraphs Department will be the
Joint Secretary (Power) and Joint Secretary (Telecom) respectively of
the PTCC.

7. Headquarters of the PTCC

(i) The PTCC shall have its headquarters at New Delhi provided that in
the interest of the work, the Central Government may shift the
headquarters in part or full to any other place within the Union of India.

(ii) The power side of the PTCC would be attached to the CWPC (PW)
and the telecommunications side to the P&T Department.

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PTCC Manual 2009
8. Tenure of the PTCC and election of its Chairman and Vice-Chairman

The tenure of the present PTCC will be two years commencing from 1 st April
1972. The nominees of CWPC (PW) and P&T in alternate years by rotation
will hold the offices of Chairman and Vice-Chairman for one financial year.
The PTCC can extend the term of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman, if they
otherwise continue to be members of the PTCC.

9. Functions of the Joint Secretaries

Joint Functions

(i) Obtaining data regarding specific proposed power parallelism cases in

the standard questionnaire from together with fault current calculations

(ii) Preparation of draft approval in specific cases after scrutiny and

submission to the PTCC for decision. (Normally, the concurrence of
the two Joint Secretaries should be sufficient to issue the clearance
based on approved practices)

(iii) Collaboration with foreign bodies and Indian Power Administrations for
collection of statistical and engineering data on the subject. In this
matter wherever and when necessary, the advice of Regional
Communication and Power Engineers will be availed of to assist in the
investigation of special problems and the collection of technical data.

(iv) Maintenance of the accounts for their respective divisions for each
financial year.

(v) Follow-up action on the decisions of the PTCC.

(vi) Issuing of instructions on behalf of the PTCC for research work and
field tests.

(vii) Arrangements for publication of Technical Reports.

Functions of Joint Secretary (Power)

(i) Arranging to get necessary and relevant data in regard to power lines
and systems together with values of earth resistivity measurements
from the field units.

(ii) Calculation of induction in individual cases and safe separating

distances in specific instances for cases of lines of 220 KV and above.

Functions of Joint Secretary (Telecom)

(i) Obtaining necessary and relevant data in regard to all

telecommunication lines involved in cases referred to the PTCC from
field units.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 (ii) Checking the calculations carried out by the Joint Secretary (Power)
and communication of route approvals in individual cases.

10. Meetings of the PTCC

(i) The PTCC shall hold its meetings as frequently as possible but not less
than once is six months.

(ii) The meetings of the PTCC may be convened at any place within the
Union of India. Generally the meetings are taking place once in a
quarter.

(iii) The meetings shall be convened by the Joint Secretary attached to the
wing to which the Chairman belongs, with the approval of the
Chairman.

(iv) The Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman, will preside over
the meetings of the Committee. In the absence of both the Chairman
and Vice-Chairman at a PTCC meeting, the members present shall
elect a Chairman from among the members present who will preside
over the same and conduct its business.

(v) Notice of not less than a month shall be given to members regarding
the meetings. A tentative agenda shall also be circulated along with this
notice. Extraordinary meetings can be convened at short notice, if
necessary.

(vi) The Agenda notes of the meeting shall be prepared by the Joint
Secretary convening the meeting and circulated at least a fortnight in
advance. The minutes of the meeting shall be drafted by the Joint
Secretary convening the meeting and approved by the Chairman of the
meeting before being circulated to all members.

Part III

11. Work of the PTCC

The PTCC shall carry out the functions already outlined in Para 1. For
carrying out these functions, the Committee may seek the assistance of the
Engineering Branches of the P&T Department, the Engineering Departments
of the Central and State Governments, State Electricity Boards and other
Scientific Organizations and Institutions in India like the IITs, IISc, Bangalore,
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, in carrying out field
tests and experiments.

12. Examination of line co-ordination cases

(i) Cases referred to the PTCC shall be got examined by the Joint
Secretary (Power) as outlines at 9 above [after getting such data as

28
PTCC Manual 2009
 necessary from the Joint Secretary (Telecom) and State Electricity
Boards etc] and he shall communicate the results of his examination
together with suggestions regarding any protective measures
necessary to the Joint Secretary (Telecom). The Joint Secretary
(Telecom) shall then issue the approval after considering these results.
The details of Railway owned alignments shall be communicated to the
Joint Secretary (Telecom) by GM (S&T) concerned.

(ii) A list of cases approved as in (i) above shall be put up for information
at the earliest meeting following.

(iii) If specific cases warrant the advice of the PTCC, the details of such
cases shall be put up to the PTCC for suitable decision, by circulation,
if necessary.

(iv) Where considered necessary, the Joint Secretary (Power) or (Telecom)

shall arrange for necessary field experiments to be conducted, after
getting the proposal approved by the Chairman or in his absence, the
Vice-Chairman.

(v) In the interest of expeditious disposal of cases, the PTCC may

delegate its functions, in respect of cases up to a specific level to State
Level Co-ordination Committee.

(vi) The procedure for incurring expenditure relating to the PTCC shall be
in accordance with the directives issued from time to time by the
Government of India (The existing directives are reproduced as
Annexure A).

(vii) The budget for PTCC for each year shall be subject to approval at the
meeting.

(viii) An Annual Report of the work of the PTCC may be prepared and put
up to Government of India every year.

29
PTCC Manual 2009
 Annexure A

I. Copy of letter No. EL.II-151 (26) dated the 18 th January 1954 from Shri
K.L. Saxena, Under Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of
I&P, New Delhi to the Chairman, Central Water and Power Commission
(Power Wing), New Delhi.

Subject: Sanction for incurring expenditure on Power and

Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee work.
Sir,

I am directed to convey the sanction of the President to the acceptance

by the Central Water & Power Commission (Power Wing) of the debit raised
by the Deputy Accountant General, Posts and Telegraphs for an amount equal
to 50% of the actual expenditure incurred by the Power and
Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee during the year 1954-55. The
expenditure will be adjusted against the head 47 Miscellaneous
Departments, A.2 CW&PC (PW). A.2 (4)-Other Charges.

The Sanction of the President is also accorded to the acceptance by

the Commission of similar debits for one half of the actual expenditure
incurred by the Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee during
1955-56 and to be incurred in future years.

The above sanction is subject to the condition that the expenditure

would not exceed the budget provision in any year of account.

II. Copy of letter no. EL-387 (1) dated the 28 th June 1956 from the Under
Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of I&P, New Delhi to the
Joint Secretary (Power), PTCC, CWPC (PW), New Delhi.

Subject: Delegation of enhanced financial powers to the Chairman,

Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee.

Sir,

I am directed to convey the sanction of the President to the delegation

of the following financial powers for incurring expenditure within the budget
provision, to the Chairman of the Power and Telecommunication Co-
ordination Committee.

(a) Cash Expenditure

Up to the limit of Rs. 10,000/- (Ten thousand only) for any single item.
For expenditure greater than the aforesaid amount, the normal Posts
and Telegraphs Departmental procedures for sanction for such
expenditure should be followed.

30
PTCC Manual 2009
 (b) Expenditure under stores to the extent of the amount sanctioned in
the budget.

(c) Salary of Staff employed carrying out experimental investigations

in connection with the Power and Telecommunication Co-
ordination Committee work subject to the following limitations.

(i) Staff for maximum period of one year, each individual drawing a
total salary of not more than Rs.300/- per mensem, and

(ii) The salary paid to any individual shall not exceed that
admissible to a Government servant of equivalent rank.

III. Copy of letter No.III-387 (8) dated the 9 th June 1952 from Shri G.D.
Kshetrapal, IAS, Deputy Secretary of the Government of India, Ministry
of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi to Chairman, CWPC (PW), New Delhi.

Subject: Procedure for incurring expenditure relating to the Power and

Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee.

Sir,

I am directed to say that the President has been pleased to decided

that from the year 1958-59 the actual estimated expenditure approved by the
Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee will be provided in the
Budget of the Central Water and Power Commission under a separate sub-
head, and the Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee will be
debited to the Posts and Telegraphs Department through the Accountant
General, Central Revenues.

2. It will also be necessary for the Additional Chief Engineer, Jabalpur

(Posts and Telegraphs Department) to incur certain small items of expenditure
such as printing of stationery, railway freight for transporting apparatus for
purposes of field tests etc. any such items of expenditure incurred in the Posts
and Telegraphs Department may be transferred monthly to the Accountant
General, Central Revenues, Nagpur for debit against Central Water and
Power Commission. As far as possible, no expenditure need be incurred by
the Posts and Telegraphs Department towards the end of the year, so that the
clearance of the remittance items with Accountant General, Central Revenues
in March Preliminary Account itself may be facilitated, leaving sufficient time
for the re-debit of 50% of the expenditure to the Posts and Telegraphs
Department in the March Final or Supplementary Accounts. The Additional
Chief Engineer (Posts and Telegraphs), Jabalpur will also intimate to the
Central Water and Power Commission to the particulars of expenditure as and
when incurred in advance of the usual monthly debits referred to above. He
will also furnish to the Central Water and Power Commission an estimate of
the expenditure to be incurred annually for inclusion in the budget of the
Central Water and Power Commission by the date specified by the latter.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix IV to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 4.1)

Notification for re-organization of Central PTCC

(To be published in the Gazette of India, PartI, SectionI)
Government of India
Ministry of Power

No.3/1/2001-Trans New Delhi, the 11th April 2001

Resolution

In partial modification of the Ministry of Powers Resolution No.7/5/82 Trans

dated 9th August 1982, it has been resolved to reconstitute the Central
Standing Committee of Co-ordination of Power and Telecommunication Co-
ordination Committee as detailed below:

Composition of the Committee

Chief Engineer (LD & T),

1.
Central Electricity Authority,New Delhi
Chairman
In Alternate
Chief General Manager, T&D Circle
Years
2. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL)
Jabalpur

Director (PTCC),
3.
Central Electricity Authority,New Delhi Secretary (Power)

Deputy General Manger, T&D Circle

4. Secretary (Telecom)
BSNL, Jabalpur

Director (Telecom), Railway Board

5.
New Delhi Member
Member
6. Jt. DDG (ML), Ministry of Communication

7. Chairman/ Co-Chairman of SLPTCC Member

8. Director (GP), Ministry of Communication Member

9. Representative of Dept. of Power Member

10 A representative from the Army

Member
. Headquarters

11. DDG(NE), TEC, BSNL, Hyderabad Member

12
DET (PTCC), T&D Circle, BSNL Member
.

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PTCC Manual 2009
2. The Headquarters of the Committee shall be at Delhi and the TEC,
Department of Telecom will provide Secretariat assistance.

3. Functions of the Committee

The Committee shall:

(i) Study the existing rules and regulations issued on the subject by
competent authorities and suggest modifications, if any, are called for
in the light of present day researches and developments and
international practices.

(ii) Initiate and undertake scientific and field studies associated with the
problem of co-ordination.
(iii) Examine and study all individual co-ordination cases and recommend
measures to be undertaken.

4. For carrying out the above functions, the Committee may seek the assistance
of the Engineering Branches of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (BSNL), the
Engineering Departments of the Central and State Governments and other
Scientific Organizations in India, such as the Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi in
carrying out various filed studies and experiments.

5. In order that field tests and investigations may be carried out by various
scientific bodies and the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL)on behalf of the
Committee, it is recommended that the Central and State Governments,
whose co-ordination problems are to be considered, should continue to
provide in their budgets necessary lump sum grants for the purpose.
Sd/-
(J. Vasudevan)
Additional Secretary to the Government of India

ORDER

Ordered that this Resolution be communicated to all State Governments,

National Thermal Power Corporation, National Hydro Electric Power
Corporation, the PGCIL, the Central Electricity Authority, all Regional
Electricity Boards, all the Ministries of the Government of India, The Prime
Ministers Office, the Secretary to the President, the Planning Commission
and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India

Ordered also that the Resolution be published in the Gazette of India.

Sd/-
(P.I.Suvrathan)
Joint Secretary to the Government of India

33
PTCC Manual 2009
The Manager,
Government of India Press,
Faridabad

Copy to:

1. PS to Minister of Power/ PS to Minister of State for Power/PS to

Secretary(P)/ PS to SS(P) / PS to AS(P) / JS(FA) / JS(H) / JS(Th & A) /
JS(IPC) / JS(PP&EA) / US(Coord), Ministry of Power.
2 The Chairman, Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi (10 Copies)
3. The Member (PS), Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi.
4. The Chief Engineer, LD & T Division, Central Electricity Authority, New
Delhi
5. The CMD, NTPC, Scope Complex New Delhi.
6. The CMD, NHPC, Faridabad.
7. The CMD, POWERGRID, New Delhi.
8. The Member Secretary, WREB, Plot No. F-3, MIDC Area, Marol, Andheri
(E),
Mumbai 4000093.
9. The Member Secretary, NREB, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi.
10. The Member Secretary, NEREB, Nogrimbah Road, Laitumkhrah, Shillong
703003.
11. The Member Secretary, SREB, No. 29, Race Course Cross Road,
Bangalore 560029.
12. The Member Secretary, EREB, 14 Golf Club Road, Tollygunge, Calcutta

Sd/-
(Mrs. Renu Sarin)
Desk Officer (Trans)

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix V to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.1.7)

Record of Discussions of the Sub-Committee to Examine the Conversion of

Earth Return Telegraph Circuits to Metallic Return

A meeting of the above sub-committee was held on 25 th January 1979 and the
following were present:

(i) Shri A.K. Das, Joint Director, Telecom (G), Railway Board, Rail Bhavan,
New Delhi.

(ii) Shri S.C. Buch, Ex-Engineer (PLCC), Gujarat Electricity Board, Old
Padra Road, Vidyut Nagar, Baroda.

(iii) Shri C.S. Nehete, Ex-Engineer (PTCC), MSEB, Dr. Ambedkar Road,
Mumbai.

(iv) Shri N.C. Gupta, Director (Maintenance), Northern Telecom Region,

Kidwari Bhavan, New Delhi.

(v) Shri N.V. Krishnaswami, Deputy Director (PTCC), CEA, New Delhi.

Shri Arvind, ADG, DGP&T joined the discussions later.

1. The members of the Sub-Committee expressed the view that its report should
be based on CCITT Recommendations which are:

(i) For open-wire single wire earth return telegraph circuits 430V for
ordinary and 650V for high security power lines against danger during
SLG fault condition on the power line.

(ii) Interference is caused to the operation of the system (telegraph) when

the r.m.s. value of the current from the external sources due to
electrostatic or electromagnetic induction passing through one of the
receivers exceeds 1/10th of the telegraph current flowing under steady
state conditions of the power line.

2. The tripping times for different voltage categories of power lines indicated by
the Power side representatives are as follows:

11 KV, 22 KV, 33 KV, 66 KV, 110 / 132 KV : 0.20 to 0.50 Seconds

220 KV, 400 KV : 0.10 to 0.15 Seconds

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PTCC Manual 2009
3. The details of the telegraph instruments used by P&T and Railways in India
as per information furnished by Railways and P&T are as follows:

Type of
DC Resistance of Coils Working Current
Instrument
2 coils each of 250 ohms
Normally both the coils are
(i) Dubern
connected in series but in 12 to 15 mA
Sounder
case of fault one coil is also
used.
(ii) BPO
2 coils each of 250 ohms Both
Polarized 12 to 15 mA
connected in series.
Sounder
2 coils each of 100 ohms The
(iii) BPO Relay 5 mA
coils are wound differentially.
(i) 35 to 45 mA under
single current working
(iv) Teleprinter 2 coils each of 240 ohms.
(ii) 20 to 35 mA with
double current working

N.B.:
(a) The duration of one pulse is in the range of 13.3 to 20 ms. for teleprinter
telegraph circuit depending upon speed of operation.
(b) The width of the signal element for the instrument at (i), (ii) & (iii)
depends upon the speed of operation of the signaller.

4. The induction during SLG fault condition may constitute hazards to the
personnel as well as equipment. The clearance time for such faults on the
different categories of power lines have been indicated in Para 2. During the
time the fault persists on the power line, induction on the telegraph line would
continue. Apart from this, the working of the telegraph circuit will also be
disrupted in case the induced current in the circuit exceeds 1/10 th of the
normal operating current of the telegraph instruments during such faults.
Under this condition, the following are the likely effects:

(i) Hazards to the personnel.

(ii) Hazards to the equipment.

Against hazards to the personnel and equipment the normal protective

devices as applicable to the other affected telecom lines may suffice.

The P&T and Railway representatives stated that the telegraph circuit would
not be available during the pendency of the fault on the power line in case the
induced current in the circuit exceeds 1/10 th of the normal operating current of
the telegraph instrument. On a specific query from Shri S.C. Buch, it was
indicated by the P&T and Railway representatives that in case of circuit
having metallic return and arresters subjected to induction more than spark-
over voltage of the arresters, the circuit will be lost during the pendency and

36
PTCC Manual 2009
 the fault when the current through the telegraph circuit exceeds 1/10 th of the
telegraph current.

5. Interference

Due to their asymmetric nature, the earth return telegraph circuits are more
susceptible to interference. As per CCITT, interference is caused to the
operation of the system (telegraph) when the r.m.s. value of the current from
the external sources due to electrostatic or electromagnetic induction passing
through one of the receivers exceeds 1/10 th of the telegraph current flowing
under steady state condition of the power line. For consideration of this
aspect, induction (electrostatic and/or electromagnetic) during normal
operation of the power line will have to be computed. In case the induced
current exceeds 1/10th telegraph current as indicated above, the following
protective measures may have to be taken:

(i) Conversion of earth return, to metallic return symmetrical circuit.

(ii) In case, conversion of earth return to metallic return on overhead lines

does not bring down the level of induced current to less than the
prescribed limit, other methods such as use of shielded cables, change
of route etc may have to be considered.

Note: Procedure circulated with Agenda for Central PTCC Meeting No.
81-82/3 held at Chandigarh on 26th November 1981 by Central Electricity
Authority, New Delhi.

Conversion of Railway Train Wire Circuits into Metallic Return

1. Introduction

Train wire is a single wire earth return telegraph circuit used by Railway
Department. It is a non-continuous circuit working on station-to-station basis
(as contrast to railway control circuit which is a continuous circuit looped at
every station). Due to the short length of this circuit (the length depending
upon the distance between the two consecutive Railway Stations), the
Railway Department uses only 12 V operating battery.

2. Procedure adopted for conversion of SWER Telegraph circuits to

metallic return

As per the recommendations of the sub-committee for examining the

conversion of SWER telegraph circuits to metallic return, the conversion
should be done in the following cases.

If the interfering current from a power line under its normal working condition
exceeds 1/10th of the normal operating current of the telegraph circuit, the
telegraph circuit should be converted to metallic return. This should be
examined for electromagnetic and electrostatic inductions.

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PTCC Manual 2009
(i) Electrostatic Induction

If the weighted separation between the power and telecom line for the total
length of parallelism for the telegraph circuit under examination exceeds the
separation obtained from the formula,

1
Separation 'a ' E S for 50 c/s inducing frequency
12
Where,
E = Service voltage of the power line in volts and
S = Length of telecom line in kilometers involved in exposure,

the telegraph circuit is not required to be converted to metallic return.

In the case of railway train wire circuits generally the electrostatic induction is
within safe limits.

(ii) Electromagnetic Induction

The mutual coupling of the telegraph circuit under examination (for full length
of parallelism) is multiplied by the maximum residual unbalanced current of
the power line. This value should not exceed 1/10 th of the normal operating
voltage of the telegraph circuit. (The inducing current and the operating
current, if desired, can be obtained by dividing these voltages by the
impedance of the telegraph circuit).

In the case of train wire circuits, metallic conversion is often required on

account of electromagnetic induction.

(iii) Maximum residual unbalanced currents for different categories of

power lines are given as below:

Maximum Unbalance
Load Effective Line
Category of Residual Current
In Current
Power Line 1.5% of Effective Line
MW In Amperes
Current in Amps.
400 KV S/C 500 902 13.5
230/220 KV D/C 300 984 14.76
230/220 KV S/C 150 492 7.38
132 KV S/C 50 273 4.095
132 KV D/C 100 546 8.19
110 KV S/C 50 328 4.92
110 KV D/C 100 656 9.84
66 KV S/C 12.5 137 2.055
66 KV D/C 25 274 4.11
33 KV S/C 200 3.00
Note: In case of 33 KV S/C power line, line current in each phase is
being confirmed in each individual case.

38
PTCC Manual 2009
3. Some typical cases in which train wire circuits are required to be
converted to metallic return are given below:

Maximum
Length Disturbing
un-
of Mutual EM Volt
Sl. Name of Name of Train balance Permissib
Paralleli Coupli- on Train
No. Power Line Wire Section Residual le EM Volt
sm in ng Wire
Current in
Miles Current
Amps
1. Singrauli 1. Billi R/S 6.64 0.216 13.5 2.916 1.2
Kanpur -Phaprakund
400KV S/C 2. Phaprakund 3.75 0.658 13.5 8.883 1.2
-Mangardaha
3. Mangardaha 4.28 0.471 13.5 6.358 1.2
-Mirchandhri
4. Mirchandhri 9.2 0.793 13.5 10.705 1.2
-Churki
2. Ring Main 5. Jallandhar 24.2 0.448 4.11 1.841 1.2
line around -Pathankot
Jallandhar 66
KV D/C
3. Nakodar 6. Nakodr 11 Km 0.8 3.0 2.4 1.2
Nurmahal 33 -Nurmahal
KV D/C

4. Conclusion

It will be seen that in the above cases, the maximum electromagnetic voltage
is 10.7V. The cases range from 400 KV to 33 KV power lines (i.e. can occur
in every category of the power line). To avoid the conversion in majority of
cases, the only remedy is to increase the circuit impedance by adding a
resistance between the sounder and earth and increasing the battery voltage
to maintain the same operating current. The following table can illustrate the
case.

Initial Circuit
Permissible
Working Resistance 500
Electromagne
Current (15 ohms for Net Total
Operating Additional tic Induction
to 25 mA Sounder Plus Resistan
Battery Resistanc Volts for 10%
Mean 100 ohms for ce in
Voltage e in ohms of the
Value Line and Earth at ohms
Operating
20mA) Both Ends
Current.
In Ohms

Nil
12 V 20mA 600 600 1.2 V
600
24 V 20mA 600 1200 2.4 V
1200
36 V 20mA 600 1800 2.6 V
1800
48 V 20mA 600 2400 4.8 V
2400
60 V 20mA 600 3000 6.0 V

39
PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix VI to Chapter I
(Refer Para 6.1.8)

Copy of Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi Letter No. 19/109/89/PTCC

Dated 17th November 1989

Subject: Noise Sub-committee Report.

Dear Sir,

As you are all aware that the Central PTCC in its meeting held at
Bhubaneshwar on 29.7.1983 set up a Sub-committee to go into the problem
of noise interference due to power line on paralleling communication circuits
and suggest remedial measures. The Sub-committee carried out studies and
conducted a few tests during its period and submitted a report. The same is
enclosed herewith for your kind perusal. Based on the report Chairman,
Central PTCC, in the meeting held at Chennai on 29.10.1987 suggested that
this Committee may be wound up. He further suggested that in future such
problems should be sorted out directly by discussions among Central
Electricity Authority, Department of Telecom and Railways as and when
required.

Yours faithfully,
Sd/- (D.P. Sinha)
Director (Telecom & PTCC)

Enclosure to Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi

Letter No. 19/109/89-PTCC dated 17th September 1989

Report of the Noise Sub-Committee (1983-87)

Introduction

The problem of noise interference due to power lines on railway

communication circuits was first reported from Southern Region way back in
1981. This noise was related to the two-phase operation of 11 and 22 KV
power lines of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. A study team investigated the
problem and carried out tests on the affected circuits during 21 st and 23rd April
1981. It was observed that the noise on communication circuits increased
due to two-phase operation of the power lines. The Central PTCC, therefore,
requested Tamil Nadu Electricity Board to discontinue the two-phase
operation of the power lines wherever there were noise problems on
communication circuits. Since then, there were representations from the
Department of Telecommunication about noise interference in communication
circuits due to power lines/cables and they have been insisting that some
standards be laid for limiting noise due to power lines. The power side
requested Department of Telecom to cite specific examples where noise
interference was observed so that they could be studied, where the noise
problem arose due to power line operation in the vicinity. However, no
specific cases were referred for a long time even though there was increasing

40
PTCC Manual 2009
insistence from Department of Telecom for the study of the noise interference
problem. Taking cognizance of this demand from Department of Telecom, the
Central PTCC at its meeting held at Bhubaneswar on 29 th July 1983 set up a
Sub-Committee to go into the problem and suggest remedial measures. The
constitution and terms of reference of the Sub-committee are annexed.

Meetings of the Sub-Committee

The first meeting of the Sub-committee was convened on 10 th November 1983

at New Delhi to consider the cases referred by DET, PTCC, Northern Region,
even though there was no noise interference in these cases except that there
were some standing voltages on certain communication circuits as reported
by DOT. A detailed discussion on the methods of calculations of noise
interference based on the formulae enumerated in CCITT Directives was
carried out and it was decided that the calculations would not yield any
reliable and practicable results. However, the Committee felt that though
there are no reported cases of noise interference, some appear to exist.
Hence, it was decided to investigate specific cases, if any, reported to the
Sub-committee.

Field Test

The Noise Sub-committee in its second meeting held on 30 th July 1986

decided to carry out actual noise measurements on Janakpuri-Najafgarh
junction cable where interference due to noise was reported by DET, PTCC
Northern Region. Shut down from the Najafgarh Sub-station was to be
arranged with the help of DESU to carry out the tests.

After making required arrangements including arrangement of shut down of 11

KV feeders actual noise measurements were carried out on certain pairs of
the cable on 20th August 1987 at Najafgarh exchange. Representatives of
Central Electricity Authority, TRC & DOT participated in the measurements.

It was decided to take noise measurements on the same 11 numbers of pairs

on which noise was earlier noticed by DET, PTCC, Northern Region. These
11 numbers of pairs were identified by DOT for noise measurement and were
got opened from Janakpuri end. To simulate terminating impedance of 600
ohms, it was decided to connect to each pair a telephone set which has a
nominal impendance of 600 ohms. It was proposed to measure the
psophometric noise with a psophometer and both weighted and flat noise
observations were to be recorded.

Procedure

Before starting the measurement all the 11 KV feeders emanating from

Najafgarh S/S were shut-off and psophometric noise was measured on the
selected 11 numbers of pairs. On a pair 4/5/12, when the psophometer was
connected the needle started shaking violently and no steady measurement
was possible. The pair was later detected to be open. Each of the pair was
accordingly checked for continuity and it was found that in all 5 pairs were

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PTCC Manual 2009
open and therefore declared Faulty.Steady observations on the psophometer
were recorded for remaining 6 numbers of pairs. The psophometric noise was
recorded on each of the healthy pairs again after all the 11 KV feeders had
been switched ON from Najafgarh S/S.

Observations

The set of observations recorded, both weighted and flat are annexed. It may
be seen that the psophometric noise on different pairs vary from 0.2to 90 mV
when the 11 KV supply is OFF and 0.3 mV to 120 mV when the 11 KV supply
is ON. This large variation in the psophometric noise for different pairs of the
same cable indicates different characteristics of each pair of the cable under
measurement.

As can be seen from the observations, the psophometric noise on the

junction cable increased from 0.1 to 30 mV for different pairs and in one case
it actually decreased by 0.8 mV.

Conclusion

From the observations recorded for Janakpuri-Najafgarh junction cable it is

seen that the pairs under measurement are totally unbalanced. This is
brought out by widely differing psophometric noise on different pairs even
when the 11 KV feeders were OFF. The measurements on pair 4/6/27 are
highly revealing, as the psophometric noise is observed to be 2.5 mV when
the power lines were OFF and 1.7 mV when the power lines were ON. This
decrease appears possible only due to the high stray capacitive effect of the
pairs with respect to earth. It is suspected that water/moisture might have
creped in the cable, resulting in stray earth capacitances, thus unbalancing
the different pairs within the same cable. The most perfectly balanced pair
comes out to be 4/5/10 pair for which measured psophometric noise when
power lines are OFF is 0.2 mV and when power lines are ON is 0.3 mV, the
variation being well within the permissible limits. The noise being observed
appears purely due to fault in the cable pairs due to seepage of water or some
similar reasons creating unbalance. It may be significant to note that the
same pairs (which were tested now) were got tested for psophometric noise
by DET, PTCC in December 1984 and he detected Noise. In the meeting held
on 30thJuly 1986 he further stated that the Noise had disappeared after the
investigation but had reappeared. Since monsoon rains do set in around that
time of the year the rain water might have creped in the cable again,
unbalancing the pairs, thus, creating psophometric noise. There had been no
change as far as surrounding power lines are concerned to warrant any
variation in the noise levels. This clearly shows that the condition of this
junction cable is not good and the noise notified is only due to the faulty
cables and not due to induction from power lines.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Observations Recorded at Najafgarh Exchange on 20 th August 1987
from 1100 Hrs to 1500 Hrs.

AFTER SHUT DOWN

BEFORE SHUT DOWN
(only 11 KV feeder off)
Psophometer Psophometer
Cable Cable
Sl.N Reading Sl. Reading
Pair Pair
o. Weighte No. Weight
No. Flat No. Flat
d ed
(i) 4/5/10 0.3 mV 0.3mV (i) 4/5/10 0.2 mV 0.5 mV
(ii) 4/5/12 -faulty- - (ii) 4/5/10 - --
(iii) 4/5/17 3.5 mV 3.5 mV (iii) 4/5/17 2 mV 2.25 mV
(iv) 4/5/39 6 mV 6 mV (iv) 4/5/39 5 mV 5 mV
(v) 4/6/2 -faulty- - (v) 4/6/2 - -
(vi) 4/6/3 10 mV 10 mV (vi) 4/6/3 6 mV 6 mV
(vii) 4/6/19 -faulty- - (vii) 4/6/19 - -
(viii) 4/6/21 -faulty- - (viii) 4/6/21 - -
(ix) 4/7/7 1.7 mV 2.5 mV (ix) 4/6/27 2.5 mV 2.5 mV
(x) 4/7/7 0.12 V 0.12V (x) 4/7/7 0.09 V 0.09 V
(xi) 4/7/12 -faulty- - (xi) 4/7/12 - -

43
PTCC Manual 2009
 Annexure

Terms of Reference of the Noise Sub-Committee.

1. The levels of Noise under conditions of normal operation from power lines of
the open wire type on telecommunication lines and cables. The Sub-
committee would study the existing international regulations in this regard
particularly the CCITT directives and examine limits, which could be laid down
under Indian conditions.

2. Similar study in respect of underground power cables. The immediate

problem is in regard to the limits to be tolerated from such cables.

3. The protective measures that can be adopted on the power lines as well as
telecommunication lines to bring down the existing level of noise to the
specified limits.

4. Aspects of cost sharing in regard to protective measures.

44
PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix VII to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.2.5)

Minutes of the Sub-Committee Meeting For Information of Norms For

PTCC Clearance of HVDC Lines
(Circulated vide C.E.A., New Delhi Letter No. 19/117/87-PTCC dated 3 rd February
1987)

The meeting of the Sub-committee for formation of norms for PTCC clearance
of HVDC lines was held on 2 nd February 1987 in the office of the undersigned. The
list of the participants is enclosed.

1. Details of the smoothing Reactors provided on each pole of the DC line

(already furnished by NTPC) were discussed. It was shown from the
calculations that the fault currents are limited to within 1.4 KA/m Sec. It was
further clarified that the above value is much lower than the transient currents
occurring during ground faults on AC transmission lines. Hence, it was
logically concluded that there is no possibility of any hazard due to induced
voltage during ground fault conditions.

2. The maximum allowable levels for the longitudinal induced noise voltage due
to DC line harmonics on a parallel telecom line at a lateral distance of 1
kilometer from the DC line, based on stringent requirements, was tentatively
agreed as:

For Bipolar Operation 10 mV/km

Monopolar Metallic Return 20 mV/km
Monopolar Earth Return 30 mV/km

The above values were as suggested by the consultants M/s Hydro Quebec.

The above values for the bipolar and monopolar modes have also been used
as a criterion in several cases as mentioned clearly in Reference (1) and have
been taken as guiding values and design criteria for other HVDC lines.

3. It was decided that the actual values of induced voltage would be measured
after construction of the Rihand Delhi HVDC line and the need for relaxation
of the above norms could be examined at that stage.

4. As regards the transverse voltages on the telecom line, it was decided that
the same could be examined separately at a later date depending on
requirements.

Sd/- (D.M. Rao)

Deputy Director (PTCC)

45
PTCC Manual 2009
 Reference (1): DC Filter Design Methods for HVDC Systems-R.H. Lasseter
etc. at IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems Vol. PAS-96 No.
2 March/April 1977.

Members present at the meeting of the Sub Committee to evolve norms for
PTCC clearance of HVDC lines.

(i) Telecommunication Research Center

(a) Shri Tej Singh, Asstt. Director (SE)

(ii) NTPC
(a) Shri M.Barat, Engineer (T)
(b) Shri R.S. Moni, Engineer (PS-HVDC)
(c) Shri Rebati Dass, Engineer (PS-HVDC)

(iii) Central Electricity Authority

(a) Shri D.M. Rao, Dy. Director (PTCC)
(b) Shri Ram Swarup, Dy. Director (PTCC)
(c) Shri D.K. Malik, Asstt. Director (PTCC)

46
PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix VIII to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.2.6)

Recommendations Based On the Minutes of the Meeting Held between Delhi

Electric Supply Undertaking (DESU) and Department Of Telecommunications
Held on 23rd March 1987

1. (i) Para 6.3.2, Page 16 of IS: 1255/1983

Due to various practical difficulties, particularly the aspect of pushing

up the cost of laying of cables in case of increased depths, depths as
proposed by Telecommunication Department, are not accepted. The
existing depths as provided on Page 16 of IS: 1255 may stay.

(ii) For Road crossing of all Cables.

The cable shall be laid through the adequate size of pipes crossing the
road.

Along the roadside concrete covers with marking on all cables of 11 KV

and above shall be provided. (The present practice is that for 11 KV
cables bricks are provided to cover the cable, which is considered not
an efficient and durable arrangement).

2. (i) Para 6.3.3 Clearance

In Delhi it may be difficult to obtain proposed clearance of 0.6 meters

between Power Cable and Telecommunication Cable due to pressure
on space allocated for routes to provide various underground services,
hence it may not be possible to achieve. However, in other places in
India wherever it could be achieved should be provided. Accordingly, it
was agreed that Para on Clearances should be reworded as under:

- Power Cable to Preferably 0.6 meters but not less than 0.3
communication cable meters at any point.

- For identification of the underground cable provision for route markers

should be made suitably to read as under

- Route Markers Suitable route markers/indicators indicating

disposition of the cable be provided.

Note: Para 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 of IS: 1255/1983 is reproduced below for ready
reference.

6.3.2 Depth

The desired minimum depth of laying from ground surface to the top of cable
is as follows:

47
PTCC Manual 2009
 High voltage cables, 3.3 KV to 11 KV rating : 0.90 m
High voltage cables, 22 KV, 33 KV rating : 1.05 m
Low voltage and control cables : 0.75 m
Cables at road crossings : 1.00 m
Cables at railway level crossings (measured
from bottom of sleepers to the top of pipe) : 1.00 m

6.3.3 Clearance

The desired minimum clearances are as follows:

Power Cable to power cables : Clearance not necessary; however,

Larger the clearance better would be
current carrying capacity.

Power cables to control cables : 0.20 m

Power cable to communication cable : 0.30 m

Power cable to gas/water main : 0.30 m

Inductive influence on sensitive control cable on account of nearby power

cables should be checked.

48
PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix IX to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.3.7)

Protection of Telecommunication Line from

High Induced Voltage with Gas Discharge (GD) Tubes
by using 20 GD Tubes Formula

1.0 Introduction

Owing to vast expansion in Power & Telecommunication sectors number of

power lines happen to run parallel to telecommunication lines.
Telecommunication lines, therefore, need to be protected from low frequency
induction in the event of single line to ground fault on paralleling power lines
when the induced voltage exceeds the prescribed safe limit of 430 volts.
Telecom personnel working on these circuits and the equipment installed
need also to be protected from the influence of hazardous potentials.

One of the measures commonly adopted is the installation of Gas Discharge

(GD) Tubes on telecom lines in paralleling section. Under the normal
conditions, the telecom line is kept insulated from earth by it. When the
induced voltage exceeds the striking voltage of the GD tube, it conducts and
offers low resistance path to earth, bringing down the induced voltage to safe
limits.

Dividing the induced voltage by 300 volt and rounding them off to next higher
number generally arrive at the number of GD tubes installed. One GD tube
each is installed at both ends and the remaining are placed at equidistance
intermediate points on telecom line in the paralleling section. This procedure
is adopted where the induced voltages are in the range of 430 to 2000 Volts.
When the induced voltage is 2000 Volt or more then the number of GD tubes
is to be arrived at by using 20 GD tubes formula.

2.0 Formula

As per 20 GD tubes formula, the number of Gas Discharge Tubes required to

be installed on telecom line for protection against induced voltage can be
calculated as under:

(a) For high reliability power line (more than 33 KV) :

E 10N
650 1
N Z
E 10N
(b) For low reliability power line (up to 33 KV) : 430 1
N Z
Where E = Induced Voltage in volts.
N = Number of Gas Discharge Tubes required
Z = Total Impedance of effected portion of telecom line in ohms.

Again Z Z0 L

49
PTCC Manual 2009
 where Z0 is Impedance per kilometer of telecom line in ohms per km.
L is Length of parallelism in km.
Z0 is in ohms per km. for different wires:

5 AWG ACSR 0.65 ohms/km

7 AWG ACSR 0.704 ohm/km
300 lbs/mile copper 0.66545 ohms/km
242 lbs/mile copper weld 0.89 ohms/km
300 lbs/mile iron wire 1.522 ohms/km
100-lbs/mile-iron wire 4.27 ohms/km

The above cited formula was accepted by Department of

Telecommunications vide DG P&T letter No. 130-21/83-TPL (TX) dated
6th August 1983.

III.0 Limitations

III.1 This formula should be applied only in such cases where the induced voltage
is 2000 V or above.

III.2 By applying this formula, the maximum number of Gas Discharge Tubes,
which could be permitted to be installed on a telecom line for protection
against induced voltage, is restricted to 20 (Twenty) only. Provision of more
than 20 GD tubes on a telecom line leads to degradation of Quality of
Speech including increase in Cross-talk.

If the number of GD tubes exceeds 20, it becomes a case of re-engineering in

which either the affected telecom lines are to be shifted to a safer distance to
bring induced voltage within permissible limit or media of communication is to
be changed.

3.3 Since increase of Noise and Cross-talk up to installation of 20 GD tubes is

within permissible limits as tested by TRC, New Delhi, Department of
Telecommunications, Government of India, has permitted the use of 20 GD
tubes for protection because power sector were vehemently pressing for
increase of induced voltage limit from 2000 to 6000 V.

4.0 Example

DANTEWALA - SUKMA LINE

1 pair - 5 AWG

Length of parallelism with high reliability power wire = 35.18 miles

Induced voltage on telecom line due to

high reliability power line = 2430 volts

Calculation for ascertaining requirement of GD tubes to bring induced voltage

within permissible limits.

50
PTCC Manual 2009
 E 10N
650 1
N Z

Z Z0 L
Line Impedance Z0 = 0.65 ohm/km.

L = 35.18 x 1.6 Kms.

Z = 35.18 x 1.6 x 0.65

2430 10N
650 1
N 35.18 1.6 0.65

65 1 10N
1
243 N 56.288 0.65

1 10N
0.2674 1
N 36.5872
10N
0.2674 1
2

36.5872

0.071556N 1 0.535N 0.2733196N

0.0716N 0.8083N 1 0

0.8083 0.6533 0.2864

N
0.1432

0.8083 0.3699
N `
0.1432

1.4140
N 9.8747
0.1432

Say, 10

Substituting for N

2430 10 10
1
10 35.18 1.6 0.65

100
243 1
36.5872

51
PTCC Manual 2009
=243 9(1+ 1.6532)

= 644.73685

Say, 645 Volts

Thus number of GD tubes required to be fitted on telecom line to bring

induced voltage within permissible limits = 10 (Ten) only.

52
PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix X to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.4.6)

Chief General Manager, T&D Circle, Jabalpur Letter No.TD/LP-2091 Dated

23.4.1982

Subject: Time Limit for Various Steps Involved in PTCC Clearance

Reference: Para 3.13 of the Minutes of the Central PTCC Meeting

No.4/81-82/Ranchi dated 31.3.1982 Circulated vide TD/LP-
2015 dated 8th April 1982.

The Central Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee meeting

held at Ranchi on 24th February 1982 has approved for adoption the
Recommendation No. PTCC/BY/Sub-committee/Misc dated 23 rd November
1981 of the Sub-committee in respect of Time Limits to be observed by
different agencies for completion of various steps involved in the clearance of
cases referred to PTCC.

These recommendations are given in the Annexure to this letter. It is

requested that the concerned field units of your Circle District may kindly be
apprised of these and directed to adhere strictly to these time limits forthwith
and thereby ensure speedy clearance of cases referred to Power and
Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee.

Sd/-
DET(P)
For General Manager

Annexure to TD/LP-2901 Dated 23rd April 1982 Time Limits

A. For obtaining PTCC route approval

(i) For Approval of 11 KV Lines Approval by the respective DEs

(Telecom)
(a) 8 weeks if the power line proposal pertains to single case.
(b) 12 weeks if the cases are referred in-group.

(ii) For 22 KV/33 KV Power Lines Approval by the State Level

(a) Furnishing the telecom details by P&T/ 10 weeks

Railway/Army etc.

(b) Examining cases and computing the 3 weeks

Induced Voltage (IV) calculations and
forwarding the same to Railways, if required.

(c) Forwarding recommendations by Railways 4 weeks

53
PTCC Manual 2009
 (d) Final examination and issue of certificate 3 weeks

(iii) For 33 KV D/C and above up to 132 KV Power Lines (Central

Cases)

(a) Furnishing telecom details by P&T/ 12 weeks

Railway/Army

(b) Scrutinizing the details, preparing copies 2 weeks

& forwarding to concerned Electricity
Board by DET PTCC.

(c) Furnishing I.V. calculations by Electricity 10 weeks

Board and endorsing copies to all concerned

(d) Furnishing recommendations by Railway /Army 4 weeks

(e) Final examination & Issue of certificate 4 weeks

(iv) For Approval of Power Lines above 132 KV (Central Cases)

(a) For furnishing telecom details by 12 weeks

P&T/Railway/Army.

(b) Scrutinizing the details, preparing 2 weeks

additional copies and forwarding to
Joint Secretary Power.

(c) Furnishing Induced Voltage 10 weeks

calculation by Joint Secretary Power &
endorsing copies to all concerned.

(d) Furnishing recommendations by Railway/ 4 weeks

Army.

(e) Final examination and issue of certificate 4 weeks

(iii) For approval of Cases from P&T/Railway/Army for the

construction of Telecom Lines, laying Coaxial Cables etc.

(a) For marking and furnishing power line

details of various categories of power
lines separately to the AE (PTCC)
(up to 33 KV) to the concerned Electricity
Board authority (for cases of 33 KV D/C
and above up to 132 KV) and to the Joint
Secretary (Power), C.E.A. (for cases
above 132 KV) 12 weeks

54
PTCC Manual 2009
 (b) Computing Induced Voltage calculation
by AE (PTCC)/Electricity Board/Joint
Secretary (P). 10 weeks

(c) Furnishing recommendations by Railways/ Army 4 weeks

(d) Final examination and issue of certificate 4 weeks.

B. For protective works after the PTCC approval

(a) For quoting the charges and furnishing

Estimate 8 weeks
(b) Arrangement for payment 8 weeks
(c) Execution of protective works by P&T 10 weeks
(d) Execution of protective works by Railways 10 weeks

Notes:

1. In general, the time schedule recommended for the various functions

shall not apply to cases where re-engineering is involved. Even for
such cases the appropriate authorities may quote the reasonable time
required for the re-engineering.

2. The period for implementing the protective works has been

recommended assuming the essential materials for those works would
be available in reasonable time.

3. If the protective works are to be undertaken by the Department or

Agencies other than the Unit submitting the proposal, every attempt
should be made for speedy completion of the protective works.
However, energization shall not take place if the protections are not
completed.

4. The time prescribed may be taken as maximum.

C. For watch and monitoring

- Cases below 33 KV: - Necessary monitoring and watching would be

done by the respective State Level PTCC Committees.

- The Standing Sub-committee will examine badly delayed cases of

33 KV D/C and above.

- Information pertaining to such cases would be called for in the

prescribed form from the various DETs (PTCC) for review by the
Sub-committee.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 PROFORMA
Appendix XI to Chapter I
(Refer Para 6.4.7)

Government of India
Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee

No Date

Certificate of Approval to the Route of Extra High Tension (EHT) Power Line /
Telecommunication Line

Approval of the Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee is

hereby conveyed to the route of .EHT
Line/Telecommunication Line/Cable particulars of which are given in Annexure
I.

The approval is for the route only and is subject to the following conditions.

1. The approval is based on the Power system/Telecom system conditions

details as reported by the Power supply authority/Telecom authority at
present. Any changes either to Transmission line or the Power system or the
paralleling telecommunication lines which are likely to alter the low frequency
induction from the estimated at present should be reported to PTCC for its
prior approval.

2 The Power and Telecommunication authorities shall be required to adopt such

measures as may be recommended by PTCC for counteracting any
interference that might arise when the EHT line is in normal operation.

3. Each crossing should satisfy the condition as laid down in Para 6 -10 of PTCC
Code of Practice for crossings.

4. The angle of crossing shall be 90 degree but in no case less than 60 degree.

5. The power line shall be equipped with protective switchgear such that the
duration of earth current shall be as short as possible but never exceeding 0.5
seconds.

6. The power line shall be energized within a mutually acceptable time limit after
obtaining a Certificate from concerned Telecom and/or Railway authority
regarding completion of provision of all protective measures as recommended
by PTCC and also under specific clearance from the Telecom and/or Railway
authority maintaining the Telecom system.

7. The energization of Extra High Tension power lines would not be held up for
want of installation of GD tubes on telecom lines when the induced voltages
are in the range of 430 to 650 V.

56
PTCC Manual 2009
8. The telecom line shall be commissioned within a mutually acceptable time
after completing provision of all protective measures as recommended by
PTCC and also after obtaining a specific clearance from Power authority, if
certain measures as recommended by PTCC are to be carried out on power
system.

9. The later entrant in the field shall bear entire cost of providing GD tubes and
their fitting as recommended by PTCC including 15% spares and/or any other
protective measures as recommended by PTCC.

10. The route approval shall be subject to special condition as laid down under
Annexure II.

Joint Secretary (Telecom)

Power & Telecommunication Coordination Committee.

Note:

(i). Proforma for Annexure I, separate for Power Lines and Telecommunication
lines is given in the following pages. For Cables, the same proforma may be
used with suitable modifications, where necessary.

(ii). Special conditions, if any, may be separately listed and enclosed as Annexure
II.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Annexure I
(For Power Lines)

1. (a) Name of the Power Supply authority seeking approval

(b) Reference number & date:
(c) Probable date of energization:

2. (a) Name of the power line:

(b) Route map number & date:
(c) Operating voltage:
(d) Length of HT line:
(e) Number of circuits:

3. (a) Names of paralleling telecom lines:

(b) Length of parallelism:

4. Average value of earth resistivity in the region:

5. Whether LF test necessary:

6. Fault Current & induced voltages etc:

Safe
Maximu Mutual Net
Name of the Length of Separatin
Sl. m Fault Couplin Induced
Telecom Parallelis g
No Current g in Voltage
Line/Circuit m in Kms Distance
in Amps Ohms in Volts
in Metres

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Annexure I
(For Telecom Lines)

1. (a) Name of the Telecom authority seeking approval:

(b) Reference number & date:
(c) Probable date of energization:

2. (a) Name of the telecom line:

(b) Route map number & date:
(c) Length of telecom line:

3. (a) Names of paralleling power lines:

(b) Length of parallelism:

4. Average value of earth resistivity in the region:

5. Whether LF test necessary:

6. Fault current & induced voltages:

Estimate Likely
Name of the Length of Mutual
d Fault Inductio
Sl.No. Telecom Parallelism Coupling
Current n in
Line/Circuits in Kms. in Ohms
in Amps Volts.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix XII to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.6.7)

Comments of Secretary, Central Electricity Board

(Circulated as Annexure VII to Agenda for Central PTCC Meeting
Held at Jaipur on 6th November 1986)

1. Section 32 of the Indian Electricity Act 1910, stipulates that every person
generating, transmitting, supplying or using energy shall take all reasonable
precautions in constructing, laying down and placing his electric supply lines
and other works and in working the system so as not to injuriously affect
whether by induction or otherwise the working of any wire or line used for the
purpose of telegraphic, telephonic or electric signaling communications or the
currents in such wire or line.

The disputes arising out of contravention of the above mentioned provisions

contained in Section 32(1) are required to be referred to the Central
Government who may direct the owners of the power line to make such
alterations and additions which may be necessary for the compliance of these
provisions, provided that the telecommunication lines were already in
existence prior to the coming of the power lines.

In cases of default in complying with the provisions of this Section, the owners
of the power lines shall make full compensation for any loss or damage
incurred by reason thereof.

2 Rule 87 of the IE Rules 1956 provides for compliance with the Code of
Practice or the guidelines prepared by Power and Telecommunication Co-
ordination Committee. It has been further stated that all works to be done by
or under Rule 87 shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the Inspector.

Section 47 of the IE Act 1813 provides for punishment for non-compliance

with the provisions of Section 32 except where the Court is of the opinion that
the case was one of emergency and that the offender complied with the
provisions of the Section as far as was reasonable in the circumstances.
Similarly, penalty for breach of Rule 87 pertaining to compliance with the
regulations of PTCC has been stipulated in Rule 141 of the IE Rules. It may,
however, be pointed out that the provisions of Rule 87 of the IE Rules can be
relaxed by the State Government or the Central Government as the case may
be to such an extent and subject to such conditions as it may think fit.

The above-referred list of power lines erected/energized without PTCC

approval includes cases, which are more than 10 years old. No information is
available in respect of the following points:

(i) Whether the concerned Electrical Inspector has given approval without
ensuring compliance with the provisions of Rule 87;

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PTCC Manual 2009
(ii) Whether in any particular case the State Government/Central
Government had granted relaxation from the enforcement of the
provisions contained in Rule 87;

(iii) Whether in each of the cases under reference the telecommunication

lines were in existence prior to the coming up of the power lines and
the dates of erection of both the power lines as well as
telecommunication lines.

After ascertaining in each of the cases that the provisions of Section 32 had
not been complied with and for which a reference had not been received from
the Telecommunication Department, the Central Government may direct the
owner of the power lines to comply with the provisions of Section 32 of the IE
Act read with Rule 87 of the Indian Electricity Rules.

Launching of prosecution against the defaulting persons can also be taken

recourse to, if considered necessary.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix XIII to Chapter 1
(Refer Paras 6.9.3 and 6.9.7)

I. Copy of Director (RD), Department of Telecommunications, New Delhi

Letter No. 131-13/81-tpl (tx) dated 18.7.1981.

To
Shri V.V. Rao
Chief Engineer (PS)
Ministry of Energy
Department of Power
West Block No.2, R.K. Puram
New Delhi 110022.

Subject: Sharing of cost for re-engineering scheme between State Electricity

Boards/ C.E.A./ other Undertakings dealing with construction and / or
operation of power lines and P&T Department.

With reference to your letter No. 19/96086-PTCC dated 17 th April 1980, on the
subject, conveying your concurrence to our proposals, I am to intimate you
that the P&T Board, in meeting no. 3 of 1981-82 held on 15 th June 1981, has
approved the following proposals:

(i) In cases in which the telecommunication circuits are required to be protected

by installation of GD tubes, shifting/re-routing of open wire lines, substitution
in part with underground cable pairs, the cost of protective measures may be
borne by the later entrant in the field as per the practice being following at
present.

(ii) In cases where it becomes necessary to remove the open wire lines
altogether and provide circuits on other media like underground symmetrical
cable, coaxial cables/microwave, UHF or other radio systems, the Electricity
authority shall pay the 2/3rd portion of costs of such protective measures, and
P&T shall bear 1/3rd portion of the cost.

(iii) Past cases will not be re-opened.

(iv) This is for your information and further necessary action.

Sd/-
(K.Radhakrishnan)
Director (RD)

Copy to:

1. Shri N. V. Krishnaswami, Director Telecom, C.E.A., B6-7/19, DDA Shopping

Center, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110016.

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PTCC Manual 2009
II. Copy of ADG (ML), Department of Telecommunications, New Delhi Letter
No.10-11/92-ML dated 25th May 1992

Subject: Minutes of the meeting held between Department of Telecommunications

and Department of Power on re-engineering on 4th May 1992 at 14.30 Hours in
Committee Room, Sanchar Bhavan.

Kindly find enclosed herewith minutes of the above meeting for your kind information
and necessary action.
Sd/-
ADG (ML)

\Enclosures

Minutes of the meeting held in the Committee Room in Sanchar Bhavan, New Delhi
at 14.30 hours on 4th May 1992 between Department of Telecommunications and
Department of Power (Central Electricity Authority) on re-engineering cost towards
affected telecom circuits/lines.

A meeting was held between the representatives of Central Electricity Authority, New
Delhi and Department of Telecommunications, New Delhi on the representation of
the Power sector for reviewing the sharing formula for the re-engineering cost of the
affected Telecom circuits/lines. The following participated in the meeting:

DOT Side C.E.A Side

S/Shri S/Shri
(1) D.B. Sehgal, DDG (ML) (1) D.P. Sinha, CE (LD&T), C.E.A
(2) N.C. Gupta, DDG (RN) (2) D.M.Rao, Director PTCC
(3) D.Swaminathan, Director (ML) (3) Harish C.Arora, Dy. Director
(4) Ms. Rune Ghosh, Director (FAI) (4) Neeraja Mathur, Dy. Dir.
(5) B.C. Bhat, ADG (F-I) (5) Ram Swarup, Dy. Dir.
(6) D.K. Malik, Asstt. Dir.

Shri D.B. Sehgal, DDG (ML) welcomed all the participants and requested Shri D.P.
Sinha, Chief Engineer, Central Electricity Authority to give brief on the need for re-
examination of the sharing of re-engineering costs, Shri Sinha, CE, Central
Electricity Authority outlined how the sharing formula between the Power sector and
the Telecom sector towards re-engineering charges was evolved. In earlier times,
the technology available for replacement was generally by like by like systems;
therefore, the entire cost of re-engineering was borne by the later entrant due to
whom re-engineering was necessitated. Subsequently, as technology improvement
resulted in induction of new types of equipments in place of the existing open wire
lines, a steady increase in the re-engineering cost was observed. On the
representation of the Power sector, the issue was examined in detail by DOT and the
Power sector authorities in 1981 and a decision was taken that the total cost of re-
engineering will be borne in the ratio of 2:1 by the Power Sector and DOT. Further,
due to induction of the latest technologies like digital microwave systems and optical
fibre systems, the Power sector feels that the re-engineering cost has shot-up
tremendously and in certain cases even exceeded the cost of the new power line. It

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PTCC Manual 2009
has also been observed by the Power Sector that while re-engineering DOT is
providing large capacity systems in place of open wire lines having 3/8/12 channel
systems. The additional capacity is being used by DOT for meeting its future growth
requirements and thus, the Power sector is being made to bear the developmental
cost of DOT plans. He requested DOT to reconsider the whole issue on the lines
suggested by the Power sector i.e. Power sector may pay prorata cost in the ratio of
the system capacity of the old system vis--vis the total capacity of the new system.

DDG (ML) while appreciating the concern of the Power sector made it amply
clear to them that they should not just look at the re-engineering estimate presented
by DOT in isolation. They should appreciate that had the Power sector erected the
alignment in a different route thereby avoiding the necessity for re-engineering the
extra cost that would have been involved should also form a factor in deciding the
cost of the re-engineering estimate presented by DOT. He emphasized that it was
not always possible to replace by open wire line by a radio/cable system of exactly
the same capacity. We should find out the best and the most economical technical
solution and having capacity as close to the system to be replaced as possible. The
cost of this system should be born fully (100%) by concerned Electricity Authority.
However, if DOT combines its future requirements and wants to install a system of
much higher capacity, Power sector may pay the notional cost of replacement by the
nearest possible technically suitable system. He in fact drew the attention of the
Power sector to the railway electrification work wherein also large scale re-
engineering was involved. He pointed out that the Railways bear 100% re-
engineering charges and in addition permit DOT to make use of the excess capacity
on the medium wherever available for which no compensation need to be paid to the
Railways.

DDG (RN) pointed out that the present sharing formula was arrived at after
detailed consideration by both the Telecom and Power sectors including drawing
parallels from other telecom administrations. There may be a few exceptional cases
where the opinion of the two organizations may differ with regard to the best solution.
Such cases can be considered by Standing Committee consisting of officers from
both DOT and Power sector for which already instructions exist. Instead of resorting
to the above mechanism to solve the problem it should not be our endeavor to re-
open the issue of the sharing formula for the re-engineering cost, which was arrived
at after careful consideration by both the parties.

The Chief Engineer, CEA agreed with the above suggestions and proposed
that the Central Standing Committee should be revived immediately so that it could
look into such estimates, which have resulted in this situation. He once again
reiterated that this issue is to be resolved expeditiously before the next Central
PTCC meeting, which is likely to be held in the month of June/July, 1992. It was
decided that the Central standing Committee will consist of two representatives from
DOT and Two from CEA, Director (ML), DOT will be convener of the Committee.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix XIV to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.9.8)

Government of India
Ministry of Communication
Telecom Commission
(ML Section)

No. 10-11/94-ML New Delhi the 30th January 1995.

To
(1) All Chief General Managers, Telecom Circles
(2) The Chief General Manager Maintenance, New Delhi/Mumbai/Kolkata/Chennai
(3) The Chief General Manager, T&D Circle, Jabalpur
(4) All Chief General Managers, Telecom Projects
(5) The Chief General Manager, Task Force, Guwahati/Shimla.

Subject: Methodology for obtaining payment of re-engineering charges from

Department of Power towards affected telecom circuits/lines.

The question of obtaining the re-engineering charges from Department of

Power has been under consideration for sometime in this office. It has now
been decided, in consultation with the CEA that the following criteria will have
to be adopted while claiming re-engineering charges from the Department of
Power.

2. To protect affected DOT systems working on overhead alignment due to

induction from power lines, the following procedures are adopted:

(i). Protection through GD tubes without shifting alignment;

(ii). Shifting/re-routing of existing alignment with or without GD tubes;
(iii). Substitution in part with underground cable pairs; and
(iv). In case where it becomes necessary to remove the open wire lines
altogether, the existing system may be replaced by other viable
system.

In the first, instance, efforts should be made strictly in the order given above.
If none of them are viable, then action may be initiated for replacement by
nearest technically feasible small capacity system.

(i) In case from 2 (i) to 2 (iii) above the existing procedure for re-
engineering charges will be continued between DOT & Department of
Power (as is being followed presently)

(ii) In case of 2 (iv) above if the nearest equivalent capacity system is

installed in place of the existing system, the following least cost
technically viable options will be adopted.

(a) In case of replacement by narrow band radio system (VHF/UHF)

limited to 6/10 channels as the nearest technically feasible small

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PTCC Manual 2009
 capacity systems, 100% of the cost of Equipment+100% of the cost of
the Tower or Mast as the case may be +25% enhanced charges on the
cost of Equipment & Tower or Mast as the case may be (to cover
transportation, installation, establishment, land, building, A/C plant,
motor vehicles, testing etc) will have to be charged from Power Utility.

(b) In case of narrow band radio systems (UHF) limited to 30 channels as

the nearest technically feasible small capacity systems, 66% (2/3 rd) of
the cost of the Equipment, +66% (2/3rd) of the cost of the Tower or Mast
as the case may +25% enhanced charges on the cost of Equipment &
Tower or Mast as the case may be (to cover transportation, installation,
establishment, land, building, A/C plant, motor vehicles, testing etc) will
have to be charged from Power Utility.

(c) In case of replacement by PCM cable system under re-engineering

work, 66% (2/3rd) of the cost of the equipment and cable + 50%
enhanced charges (to cover transportation, cable laying, tools, testing
etc) will have to be charged from Power Utility.

(d) In case, if DOT wants to utilize the higher capacity system for future
development in telecom networks, such as optical fibre cable systems,
2 GHz M/W system etc, the notional cost of the technically feasible
system as mentioned in Para 3 (ii) (a) (b) and (c) above, whichever will
be lower, will be charged from Power Utility and DOT will be free to
plan any higher system as per its requirement.

(e) Estimates once accepted and paid for, will not be revised.

(f) When the amount of payment towards re-engineering charges is equal

to or less then Rs. 50 lakhs, the mode of payment will be as per Para 1
(I to iv) of the enclosed Annexure as applicable and the entire amount
to be paid in one installment only.

(g) When the amount involved is more than Rs. 50 lakhs the mode of
payment will be as per separate notification modifying the previous
reference no. 130-12/86-TPL(TX) dated7.7.1987 (as per Annexure).

This issues with the concurrence of Internal Finance vide their Diary
No. 178/95-FA-I dated 20.1.1995. This supersedes all the orders
issued in this regard earlier. This will be effective from the date of
issues of orders.

Sd/-
(D. Swaminathan)
Director (ML)
Copy to:
(i). All DDGs, Telecom Commission, New Delhi.
(ii). Shri D.P.Sinha, CE (LD&T), CEA, Sewa Bhawan, RK Puram, New Delhi.
(iii). Director (FA-I), Telecom Commission, New Delhi.
(iv). Guard File.

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 Annexure

No. 10-11/94-ML Dated at New Delhi, 30th January 1995.

To
(1) All Chief General Manager, Telecom Circles
(2) All Chief General Managers, Maintenance
(3) The Chief General Manager, T&D Circle, Jabalpur
(4) All Chief General Manager, Telecom Projects
(5) The Chief General Manager, Task Force, Guwahati/Shimla

Previous Reference: 130-12/86-TPL (TX) dated 7.7.1987 amended as below:

1. In partial modification to the order already issued on the above subject, the
following alternatives are suggested by which the payment can be made to
DOT in all such re-engineering cases.

(i) Cash payment

(ii) By Demand draft.
(iii) By Cheque if the payment is made by Government agency like
Department of Power, Public Sector Undertaking like NTPC etc.
(iv) In case of Electricity authorities/State Electricity Boards, the payment
mode can be either as per (i) and (ii) above or through a nationalized
bank under irrevocable letter of credit in favor of Department of Telecom
for relevant installment.

2. The authorization in such case to pay the amount in four phases as

suggested in the earlier circular mentioned above holds good namely.

(i) 25% of the estimated cost to be released initially as first installment.

(ii) Next 35% should be released as second installment as soon as the

equipment is ordered.

(iii) Next 30% should be released as third installment after the supplies are
affected and erection starts.

(iv) Balance 10% should be released during erection, commissioning.

3. It is requested that all the pending cases may also be reviewed in the light of
the above-mentioned decisions and settled expeditiously, where the Electricity
Department wants to make payment in installments. The cases already
settled are not to be re-opened.

Sd/-
(D.Swaminathan)
Director (ML)

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix XV to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.10.4)

State Level Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee

Government of India
Central Electricity Authority
Power Communication Engineering Division
NREB Complex, Katwaria Sarai
New Delhi 110016.

No. PCE/1/2001-PTCC/334 66 Dated: 20th March, 2001

To,
CEs (Transmission), SEBs

Sub: Membership of the Re-constituted State Level PTCC

Sir,
In pursuance of the decision taken in the 75 th Central PTCC meeting held at
Bangalore on 9th November, 2000 the membership of the SLPTCC has been
modified. The Ministry of Power have conveyed their approval vide letter No.
3/1/2001-Trans. Dt. 14th March, 2001 for the revision of the membership of the
newly constituted SLPTCC as detailed below:

(i). GM (Telecom) of concerned Telecom Circle, BSNL Chairman in alternate

years
(ii). Chief Engineer (Transmission) of the concerned
SEBs/ State Power Transmission Corporations

(iii). DGM (Telecom) who deals with PTCC Secretary (SLPTCC)

matters of the T elecom Circle Telecom Sector

(iv). SE/DGM, who deals with PTCC matters of Secretary (SLPTCC

the State Power Utility) Power Sector
.

(v). EE of Power Utility / SDE (PTCC), T & D Circle BSNL - Co-ordination

Secretary

(vi). Other members from Power Sector:

(i). Zonal SE/ EE in-charge of PTCC

(ii). Representative from any other Central/ State Power Trans. Corporation
(iii). Chief Electrical Inspector or his authorized representative from state

(vii). Other Members from BSNL

(i). AGM (Plg) in charge of PTCC, BSNL

(ii). DET (PTCC), BSNL of the concerned region

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PTCC Manual 2009
 (iii). Any other representative of BSNL as special invitee, as required.

(viii). DSTE of Zonal Railway

(ix). Army representative of the Area

You are therefore requested to revise the nominations of your officers to

SLPTCC in accordance with the above constitution and communicate the same
to all concerned.

The brief functions of the SLPTCC are annexed.

Yours faithfully,
Sd/-
(Ram Swarup)
Director (PTCC)
Tel. No. 6565183
Copy forwarded for information to:

Chief General manager, T & D Circle, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Sanchar Vikas
Bhawan, Residency Road, Jabalpur, 482001 with a request that a similar notification
may please be issued at your end to all the CGM of Telecom Circle of BSNL.
Sd/-
(Ram Swarup)
Director (PTCC)
Tel. No. 6565183

II. Frequency

As per the decision taken in 58 th Central PTCC meeting held at Darjeeling on

25.2.1992 the State Level PTCC meetings should be held as frequently as possible
but not later than a quarter/3 months. In Telecom Circles where large number of
unguarded power crossings are pending and more electrocution accidents occurred,
the meetings in those circles should be convened more frequently In order to
decide any emergency cases, special State Level PTCC meetings can also be
requisitioned and the power of requisition of such meetings is vested with Chairman
State Level PTCC.

III. Functions

As per decision taken in 58 th Central PTCC meeting held at Darjeeling on 25 th

February 1993 in addition to the present business or transaction, following
items must be deliberated on regular basis in State Level PTCC meetings,
with all participants participating at desired level.

(a) Position of unguarded power crossings, including LT crossings and non-

standard electric service leads should be discussed in every meeting as to
how many were added, how many rectified and a continuous monitoring is
done and further targets fixed for rectification.

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PTCC Manual 2009
(b) All the PTCC cases both at State and Central level, which are delayed beyond
the fixed time limits specified in PTCC manual must be discussed, reasons for
delay analyzed and targets fixed case by case.

(c) All re-engineering cases must be discussed deliberating on all possible

reasonable schemes based on existing guidelines and decisions taken. In
case of any disagreement by any party, same should be recorded and in the
form of any agenda item the case should be sent to Central PTCC with all
details of enabling Central PTCC to take further decision in the mater.

(d) All cases of payment of costs, completion of protection works and

energization approval must be discussed and targets fixed and continuous
monitoring is done.

(e) Matters concerning Railways should be recorded and intimated to Railways

with a copy to Director (Telecom), Railway Board, New Delhi.

(f) All fatal and non-fatal accident cases should be discussed in the meetings
and based on reports the responsibility should be fixed and the
implementation of remedial measures monitored to avoid recurrence of
accidents.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix XVI to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.11.2)

MINUTES OF THE MEETING HELD ON 10-12-1976 TO DISCUSS PROBLEM S

RELATING TO PROTECTION OF RAILWAY TELECOM AND BLOCK CIRCUITS

A meeting was held in the P&T Board room on 10-12-1976 to discuss

problems relating to protection of Railway Telecom and Block Circuits consequent to
induction from power lines. The following were present

P&T Board
Shri S.N. Ranganathan Member (TD)
Shri H.J. Mirchandani Member (TO)
Shri P.A. Sankarnarayan GM, T&D Circle, Jabalpur
Shri T.S. Subramanian Director (TRC)
Shri M.N. Mathur DDG (ML)
Shri T.V. Srirangan Addl. Director (TRC)
Shri B.N. Iyenagar Dy. Director (TRC)
Shri B.R. Baliga Asstt Director (TRC)

CEA
Shri S.S. Murthy Member (Power Systems)
Shri N.V. Krishnaswamy Jt. Secretary (Power), PTCC

Railway Board
Shri Laljee Singh Director (Signal)
Shri A.K. Das Jt. Director (Telecom)

2. Opening the discussion Shri Laljee Singh of Railway Board mentioned that
Railways presently are having circuits leased from P&T as well as owned by
the Railways themselves. He mentioned that though in 1955-56 the PTCC
had decided on a limit of 430 V induction in respect of railway block circuits
and a representative from Railways was also present when the decision was
taken, considerably further development has taken place and it is now found
that the railway block circuits are getting affected by such induced voltages. In
this connection, he gave details about the different types of block instruments
being used by the Railways. While some of these instruments do not get
affected by induced voltages up to 430V other types are not so. These
instruments are still capable of giving further service. Shri Laljee Singh stated
that Railways are going in for standardization of the block instruments and will
be providing as far as possible only those, which are capable of withstanding
430V AC induction for the future installations. However, in respect of existing
block circuits conversion of earth return circuits and replacement/modification
of instruments have become necessary as a result of these induced voltages.

He gave instance of 19 cases in which the Railways had computed additional

expenditure, recurring as well as non-recurring for the extra protection
required in the block circuits over and above the stipulation given in PTCC
approval. While in most of these cases the cost ranges from about Rs. 170 to
about Rs. 69,000, there was one case where the expenditure was estimated

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PTCC Manual 2009
 at Rs. 1.53 lakhs non-recurring and Rs. 322 recurring. Shri Laljee Singh
mentioned that the PTCC should take note of these and incorporate adequate
protective measures in respect of railway block circuits while giving route
approvals.

3. Shri Laljee Singh had a doubt whether the PTCC before giving clearance gets
all the information regarding the railway alignments specially those operated
by Railways. It was clarified by Joint Secretary (Power) that this information is
obtained by the PTCC Secretaries and the line drawings also go to Railways
directly. This arrangement was considered satisfactory.

As far as the telecom circuits used by Railways on alignments either rented

out from the P&T or owned by them the present protective measures as
recommended in PTCC clearance is satisfactory, only the cost of such
measures are to be borne by the later entrant. It was also clarified that the
Joint Secretary Telecom of the PTCC is at present looking after all the
telecom circuits, which are disturbed as a result of power induction. The main
problem was that the block circuits are presently being considered as
equivalent to telecom lines and only the protective measures for the telecom
lines are prescribed for the block circuits also. However, the block circuits in
many cases cannot withstand the voltages, which are being prescribed for the
telecom lines. While the PTCC gives clearance for block circuits, it is
necessary to ensure that the protective measures to be additionally provided
on the block circuits are also specified, in consultation with Railway Board. It
is not clear in the clearance given by the PTCC as to who will fit in the
additional protective measures and who will bear the cost. The additional cost
which the Railways will have to bear on a number of routes already cleared by
the PTCC was also submitted during the discussion and it was found that in
most cases it was a few thousands of rupees. Taking all these facts into
consideration the following principles were decided for future clearance in
respect of railway circuits.

4. (i) For new railway lines, Railways will provide, as far as possible block
instruments, which can stand the voltages permissible for telecom lines.
Initially from considerations of economy, they provide only earth return circuits
which have to be changed to metallic return circuits if and when power
parallelism problem arises.

(ii) The present practice in regard to issue of PTCC clearance for

communication circuits may be continued and the protective measures for the
railway communication circuits may be similar to those prescribed by the P&T
for their own communication circuits. Cost of such measures is to be borne by
later entrant.

(iii) Wherever the railway electrification has been carried out, the
paralleling railway circuits (including block circuits) can be cleared as for
telecom lines without additional protective measures being prescribed for the
block circuits subject to the condition that the induced voltage does not
exceed 430V. In case the induced voltage exceeds 430V, case has to be
coordinated and discussed with Railway Board for a decision.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 (iv) For existing alignments which are also carrying block circuits, the PTCC
clearance will be given along with the additional protective measures as
recommended by the Railway Board required for the block circuits and the
cost for the same is to be borne by the later entrant i.e. the Electricity
authorities. Approximately one time capital cost to be borne by the later
entrant will be intimated to PTCC later if required.

(v) Shri Krishnaswamy of the CEA pointed out that this procedure of
incorporating the additional protective measures prepared for block
circuits might increase the time delay in giving route approvals. Shri
A.K. Das promised that a time limit can be given for obtaining
information and Railways would adhere to this time limit.

5. Of late many cases are arising wherein the normal protective measures like
re-routing the telecom or power lines or mitigating induction by GD tubes are
not sufficient. In such cases re-engineering of the telecom circuits by media
other than open wire lines has to be resorted to. There is no clear procedure
uptil now as to how the re-engineering proposal will be framed and finally
accepted by the Telecom and Power authorities. DDG (ML) stated that this
has been discussed internally in the Telecom Directorate and the proposed
new procedure is as follows.

As soon as it is established that re-engineering is required, the PTCC will call

for a meeting of the concerned GMsP, GMsM and Circle GM and GM T&D
Circle and a representative from the Power authorities. Whenever railway
circuits are involved concerned Railway representatives will also be called for
attending the meeting. In this meeting the probable solution will be discussed
and the GMsP/Railway representative will be asked to prepare the re-
engineering proposals with alternatives and approximate cost. The proposal
would be framed within a specified time frame and would be sent to DDG
(ML) in P&T Directorate and also to power authorities and to Railway Board.
The time frame for framing the proposal will be decided in this meeting itself
depending upon the urgency and other factors. This will be examined in the
Directorate and Railway Board along with the time frame for implementation
of the proposals and forwarded to the Power authorities for acceptance. This
procedure should be tried out henceforth. After the appropriate re-engineering
proposals are finalized, the formal clearance will be given by the PTCC.

6. The present cases of re-engineering are often becoming quite difficult to

decide and implement because the cases are generally referred to DG P&T at
an advanced stage. Member (D) requested all concerned that proposal
should come to PTCC at the survey stage itself so as to provide adequate
time for examination, re-engineering and implementation.
NO.10-23/72-ML Vol. II (Part I) dated at New Delhi April 1977, Copy forwarded
to all concerned.

Sd/-
(N.C. Gupta)
Asstt. Director General (ML)

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PTCC Manual 2009
NOTE: With reference to the procedure for finalizing the re-engineering schemes in
Para 5 above Director (RD), DOT, New Delhi vide his DO 130-12-85-TPL (TX) dated
10th October 1985 addressed to DGM, T&D Circle, Jabalpur clarified that in order to
curtail the delay, the new re-engineering schemes may also be finalized by telecom
Circles in consultation with Telecom Projects and concerned Power authorities and
on the basis of estimated cost, re-engineering charges may be claimed from
concerned Power authorities

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Appendix XVII to Chapter 1
(Refer Para 6.11.4)

Government of India (Bharat Sarkar)

Ministry of Railway (Rail Mantralaya)
(Railway Board)

No.77/W3/TCM/2/Meeting New Delhi, dated 3 rd April

1978

The General Manager (S&T)

All Indian Railways

Subject: PTCC route approval for Power Lines up to and including 132 KV
lines.

At present the power lines up to 33 KV are being dealt with at the State Level
PTCC but it has been decided now that henceforth all cases of route approval
right up to 132 KV (inclusive) will be decentralized with effect from 1 st June
1978. In other words, General Manager (S&T), Railways, will have to deal
with these cases up to and inclusive 132 KV instead of Railway Board. The
procedure will be as follows (to be effective from 1 st June 1978).

The route map in 4 copies will be sent from the State Electricity Board
authorities to the concerned Railways who will have to furnish the telecom
details to the State Level Power Member. The later will calculate the induced
voltage on the affected block and telecom circuits and send the same to the
Railway authorities. The Railways authorities in turn will have to examine and
furnish the recommendations for protective measures on railway block circuits
(in the same way as the Railway Board furnishes the same with a copy to the
Railways) to the following:

(1) For cases up to 33 KV to AE PTCC of the State;

(2) For cases beyond 33 KV up to 132 KV (inclusive) to:

(a) Joint Secretary (Telecom), PTCC, Room No.478 Khurshid Lal Bhawan,
New Delhi-110001 for Northern Region cases;

(b) Divisional Engineer Telegraphs, PTCC, O/o General Manager Telecom

Maharashtra Circle, GPO Building, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Fort,
Mumbai-400001 for Western Region cases;

(c) Division Engineer Telegraphs, PTCC, O/o General Manager Telecom,

Eastern Region, Taher Mansion, 5 th Floor, B-Bentick Street, Kolkata-
700001 for Eastern Region cases; and

(d) Division Engineer, Telegraphs, PTCC, Southern Region, 100/101, Walajah

Road, Chennai-600002 for Southern Region cases.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 who will issue route clearance incorporating the Railways recommendations
of protective measures to be provided by Railway/P&T. As for the protective
measures on railway communication circuits whether owned or maintained by
Railways or P&T, the standards followed by P&T will be adopted for railway,
telecom circuits as well. Protective measures on railway telecom circuits on
that basis will be incorporated by Joint Secretary (Telecom)/DET PTCCs in the
route approval. The cost of all the protective measures will be borne by the
later entrant in the field.

A copy of the recommendations for protective measures on railway block

circuits is also enclosed herewith for the guidance of Railways.

For re-engineering and any other complicated cases, the matter may be
referred to or discussed with Joint Director, Telecom (G), Railway Board. The
target for furnishing the telecom details etc. should continue to be the same
as is prevalent at present i.e.

(a) The telecom details should be furnished to Member (Power) State Level
PTCC within one month from the date of receipt of route maps from State
Electricity Board.

(b) The recommendations for protective measures should be furnished within

10 days from the date of receipt of calculated induced voltage from the
Member (Power), State Level PTCC;

(c) The estimate for the cost (to be paid by the State Electricity Board
authorities) should be sent to State Electricity Board within one month from
the date the route clearance from PTCC, is received; and

(d) The work of provision of protective measures on receipt of the estimated

cost should be completed as early as possible and thereafter clearance for
the energization of power line should be issued to State Electricity Board
authorities.

For cases above 132 KV the procedure at present being followed will
continue.
This letter may please be acknowledged.
Encl: as above.
Sd/-
(A.K Das)
Joint Director, Telecom (G)

Copy to:

1. The Joint Secretary (Power), PTCC, West Block No. II, R.K. Puram, New
Delhi 110022. He is requested to advise all the State Electricity Board
authorities to ensure 4 copies of the route maps with railway tracks and
principal stations to be sent to the concerned Railways and advice Power
Members to furnish the induced voltage on railway block and communication
circuits to the concerned Railways.

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PTCC Manual 2009
2. (a) The Joint Secretary (Telecom), PTCC, Room No. 478 Khurshid Lal
Bhavan, New Delhi 110001.

(b)The Divisional Engineer Telegraphs, PTCC, O/o The G.M. Telecom, Taher
Mansion, Eastern Region, 5th Floor, B-Bentick Street, Kolkata-1.

(c) The Divisional Engineer Telegraphs, PTCC, O/o GM Telecom

Maharashtra Circle, GPO Building, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Fort, Mumbai
-400001.

(d) The Divisional Engineer Telegraphs, PTCC, Southern Region, 100/101,

Walajah Road, Chennai- 600002.

for information. They are requested to ensure that no route clearance to the
cases is issued without Railways approval has been received or Railways
recommendations have been incorporated.

Sd/-
(A.K. Das)
Joint Director, Telecom (G)

NOTE:

(i). Address at Sl. No. 1 above may now be read as given 2.2(i) of Section-A of
Chapter III.
(ii). Addresses of regional DETs (PTCC) given at Sl. No. 2(a), (b), (c) and (d) above
and in the main body of the letter may now be read as given in 2.2 (ii) of
Section-A of Chapter III.

Recommendations

For Protective Measures against Induced Voltages on Different Types of Block

Instruments in Use in Indian Railways

1. Neales Token Instrument and Neales Tablet instruments with the

characteristics similar to Neales Token in respect of 3-position Relay
and Tock Magnet & Neales DType.

(a) For induced voltage not exceeding 430 V no special precaution is

necessary.

(b) For induced voltages exceeding 430 V metallic return and appropriate Gas
Discharge tubes are to be provided.

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PTCC Manual 2009
2. Western Railway Type Single Line Tablet Instrument

This instrument is immune up to 75V AC induced voltages and cannot be

used where it is expected to have more than 75 V AC induced voltages.

3. Carson Double Line Block Instruments.

Induced AC voltages exceeding 125 V result in unsafe condition and hence

cannot be used where induced voltages are likely to exceed 125V.

4. Siemens Tokenless Block Instruments.

This instrument can stand induced AC voltages up to 210 AC r.m.s with the
following modification:
(a) Condenser C2 of the frequency converter card disconnected and
(b) All the lightning dischargers provided within the instrument must be
removed and lightning dischargers having voltage rating not less than 350
V provided externally between each line and earth. This provision of limit
of 350 V will also apply to lightning dischargers if any provided by P&T
Department on the line.

This instrument is not considered suitable for use in AC electrified section.

5. SGE Double Line Block Instrument

As in Sl. No. 1.

6. Kyosan Tokenless Block Instrument

Since the induced voltage of the order of 38 V Single Phase AC causes

distortion and mutilation of the codes and can cause unsafe condition, this
type of block instrument is not considered to be immunized against AC
induced voltage beyond 30V.

(Note: Immunity level was modified subsequently vide Railway Board letter
No. 90/Telecom/PTCC/P/1 dated 25.5.1993, given on next page).

7. Diado Double Line Block Instruments.

This block instrument is safe for installation on circuits where AC induced

voltage does not exceed 24 V r.m.s.

8. Diado Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments

Without modification this instrument can safely stand induction up to 74V 50

cycles AC induced voltages. For induced voltages up to 650V AC the
following modification is to be made:

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PTCC Manual 2009
 A-3 position polarized relay of the type used in Neales token or SGE
double line block instrument is to be interposed in the line circuit and the
existing line relay (NR Relay) fed from local battery through the contacts of
polarized relay. Also the line condensers C1 & C2 each of the microfarad
capacity with a voltage rating of 160V are to be replaced by condensers of
equal capacitance but with a voltage rating of 1000V Standard gas
dischargers will also have to be provided for the lines.

9. Podanur Make Single Line Tokenless Block Instrument (Push Button

Type)

This instrument is only suitable for use in non-AC electrified sections. This
instrument is safe for use in block circuits subjected to maximum induction
650V r.m.s. 50 cycles AC from neighboring power line provided the existing
DC blocking condenser in the telephone circuits is replaced by a one rated for
1000V DC for non AC section only (non AC electrified).
10. Tyres Tablet Token Instrument No. 7

Tests indicate that the instrument is not safe for induced voltages higher than
150V AC

11. Neales Voucher Block Instrument

This instrument is safe for induced AC voltages up to 430V. This instrument is

not suitable beyond 430V.

12. Thcobald Token Instrument

It has been found that the instruments can withstand induced AC voltage up to
430V without any unsafe failure.

13. Sykos Lock and Block Instruments

It is considered that the Sykos lock and block instrument is safe with induced
voltage up to 15V only. In view of this low value of the induced voltage, which
the instrument can withstand, it is desirable not to use this instrument on
sections where any induced voltage may be expected.

14. Rest of the types of single line and double line block instruments are not safe
for use in sections having AC induced voltages.

15. Maximum acceptable limit of induced voltage due to power parallelism is up to

2000V on railway block and communication circuits subject to the specific
limitations mentioned above.

The cases of induced voltages above these limits should be treated as re-
engineering cases and each such case should be treated separately in
consultation with the Railway Board.

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II. Copy of Director Telecom (Railway Board) New Delhi Letter No. 90/ Telecom/
PTCC/ P1 dated 25th May 1993.

To
General Manager (S&T)
All India Railways
Director General (Telecom)
RDSO, Lucknow.

Subject: AC Immunity Level of Block Instrument.

Reference: This office letter No. 77/W3/TCM/2/Meeting dated 3 rd April 1978.

Railway Board vides above referred letter circulated the AC Immunity levels of
various block instruments. Please add the following in the list already circulated vide
above referred letter.

Block Instrument : Kyosan Tokenless Push Button.

Immunization Level : 650 V AC with modification similar to Podanurs

Tokenless Single line block instrument as mentioned in
Item 9 of the above referred letter.

Sd/-
(S.C. Sharma)
Director (Telecom)

Copy to :

1. Director (PTCC), PTCC Directorate, Central Electricity Authority, West Block-

2,Wing-1, Ground Floor, RK Puram New Delhi 110066.
2. The Chief General Manager, T&D Circle, Department of Telecommunications,
Sanchar Vikas Bhavan, ResidencyRoad, Jabalpur 482001.
With enclosure of Railway Boards letter No. 77/W3/TCM/2/Meeting dated
3.4.1978 (in 4 pages) for information and necessary action.

Sd/-
Director (Telecom)

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 Appendix XVIII to Chapter I
(Refer Para 6.12.1)

Guidelines for Laying Underground Power Cables Greater Than 33 KV in

Proximity With Telecom Cables

Para 2.11 of Minutes of 82 nd Central PTCC Meeting held at Lucknow regarding

power cables of more than 33 KV.

The guidelines for laying of underground power cables greater than 33 KV in

proximity with the telecommunication cables framed by the Central PTCC has
been accepted by the Central Electricity Board in its 39 th Meeting held in
December 2002. The same are reproduced below for information and
reference.

Sl.No.16
Agenda Item No. :3.39.2002
Name and address of the
Proposer :Shri G. Kesava Rao
Chief Engineer (LD & T) Division, CEA
Existing Rule No. :87-relating to PTCC

and

Sl. No. 22
Agenda Item No. :9.39.2002
Name and address of the
Proposer :Shri P.K. Khindri
Chief General Manager
Department of Telecommunications
Training & Development Circle, Jabalpur
Existing Rule No. :87- A (New Rule)

The above two proposals were clubbed for discussion. The proposers
explained the reasons for the amendments and stated that the existing
specification of the Bureau of Indian Standards covers cables only up to 33
KV rating. The PTCC (All India) was constituted in 1949 with joint participation
of the Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Communication, Ministry of
Railways, Ministry of Defence, BSNL & SEBs and meets regularly at intervals
of six months. It has constituted a sub-committee in which CEA is also a
member. The sub-committee had approached the Bureau of Indian Standards
for inclusion of PTCC Guidelines in the existing specification of BIS.
However the BIS has not accepted.
Shri Mukherjee, BIS, Shri Ram Swarup, Director, Central Electricity Authority,
Shri Panigrahi, DDG, Dept. of Telecommunications, Shri Subramanian, CEI to
Government of Tamil Nadu, Shri Jain, Director(Technical), HVPNL, Shri
Durairaj, Chief Engineer (Planning), TNEB, Shri Vaishnav, CEI to Government
of Gujarat, and Shri Aggarwal, Chief Engineer(EI), CEA, participated in the
detailed discussions and gave their view points. Shri Jain, Director
(Technical), HVPNL has stated that clearance of 0.3m up to 33 KV rating shall

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be retained as per existing BIS. He also opined that 0.6 m clearance between
power cables greater than 33 KV and telecom cables may be adopted and
proposed amendment 87(b) can be covered under rule 87A. Subsequent to
the discussions the following modifications to the proposed amendments are
accepted;

(i) Suitable coverage to underground power cables in the form of changed

heading in the form of Rule 87A to be made.

(ii) The value of minimum clearance for underground power cables to be

kept as 0.3 meters for 33 KV and less and 0.6 meters for 33 KV and
above.

(iii) Power cables greater than 33 KV to be laid at a minimum depth of 1.2

meters.

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 Appendix XIX to Chapter I
(Refer Para 6.13.1)

I. Separate Questionnaire for referring HT and EHT power line to be

included in the revised Edition as HT line requires Form-A and Form-B
which is enclosed herewith. (Enclosure-I)

II. Marking of Telecom Details for power line proposal:

Capacity of Power Line Telecom assets to be

marked
HT (High Tension power
line)
11 KV 3 Kms on either side of
proposed power line
22 KV 5 Kms on either side of
proposed power line
33 KV SC (Single Circuit) 5 Kms on either side of
proposed power line
EHT (Extra High Tension
power line)
33 KV DC (Double Circuit 8 Kms on either side of
proposed power line
66 KV SC and above 8 Kms on either side of
proposed power line

Power cable should have the shortest length of parallelism with BSNL cables.
When high voltage cables 11 KV and above, has a parallelism exceeding
0.8 Km with BSNL cable should be marked in the topo map for suitable
recommendation, which implies power cables of length less than 0.8 Km need
not be marked in the topo map. Hence for many power proposals of length
less than 0.8 Km, Telecom details need not be called for, which considerably
eases the work of both BSNL and EB authorities

III. Various Level of PTCC meeting:

Sl.No. PTCC meeting Frequency/Periodicity

1 Central level Once in six months
2 State level Once in three months
3 SSA/Telecom Once in three months
District
4 Divisional Leve Once in two months
5 Sub divisional level Once in a month

IV. Precedure for clearance of Power and Telecom circuits by PTCC

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 1. Submission of Quesstionaire in the standard proforma with Topo Map
supplied by Survey map of India to the concerned authority.
2. Processing by compenent authority and calculation of Induced voltage on
paralleling telecom circuits.
3. Issue of Route Approval Certificate (RAC)
4. Issue of Crossing Approval
5. Submission of Form F by concerned GM BSNL
6. Issue of Energisation approval

IV.2. Processing by compenent authority and calculation of Induced

voltage on paralleling telecom circuits etc .

2.1. The power proposal from Chief Engineer , SEB for erection of 33 KV DC
and above with topo map (2 copies) to be submitted to DE PTCC,
Respective SSA Head, Rspective Railways and STRC/NTRC This
proposal should contain Soil Resistivity data and Earth potential Rise
Report(EPR). In case the proposed power line comes under two
states, proposal to be submitted to both the states of concerned
authority.
2.2 The concerned field units mark all the Exges, cables as per the check
list enclosed and sent to DE PTCC. (Enclosure-II)
2.3 After scruitinising the telecom details sent by the SSAs and forwarded to
the concerned SEB a thorities for Low frequency Induction.
2.4 Similarly the concerned railway will also mark their railway telecom details
and sent it for the concerned SEB for Low frequency Induction.
2.5 DE PTCC and Railway authority get back induced voltage report from
the SEB.
2.6 DEPTCC will issue Route Approval Certificate (RAC) on receipt of NOC
from Railway and STR with due recommendations.
2.7 When the route approval certificate is received from the DET, PTCC, T&D
Circle, the following points may be checked up by the concerned authority
(a) Whether GD tube protection is recommended to any telecom assets and if
so at whose cost it is to be carried i.e., BSNL or SEB.
(b) Whether any EPR zone limits are specified.
2.8 Submission of inspection report (Form F)

Form F is enclosed. (Enclosure-III)

Ensure the following points in the Inspection Report:

a) The items which are not applicable may be struck off.

b) GD Tube protection work, wherever done, is to be indicated in the concerned
Annexure.
c) The number of crossings mentioned in the Inspection Report may be
reconciled with that in the SEB proposal.
d) The form F is to be countersigned by GM/DGM as the case may be.
e) Even if there is no telecom crossing involved with a powerline, the Inspection
form is to be submitted by the SSA to confirm it.

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 2.9 Wherever defects/deficiencies are noted, appropriate action may be taken.
Fulfilling all the points the energisation approval will be issued by the

The given below Flow Chart gives the idea of processing the power
proposals

Enclosed (Enclosure-IV)

IV. 3. Issue of Route Approval Certificate (RAC) , Crossing Approval (CA) and
Energisation Approval (EA)

3.1 Table on issue of RAC, CA,EA

Sl Type of 11 KV 22/33KVSC 33KV 220KV/ Telecom

N Work DC / 400KV
o 66KV/
110KV/
132 KV
1. Proposal DET SLPTCC DET, PTCC T&D DET, PTCC
to be Concerned Circle T&D Circle
submitted
to
2. Processin DET SLPTCC DET, PTCC T&D DET PTCC
g and Concerne Circle T&D Circle
issue of d
RAC by
3. Calculation DET SLPTCC SEB Central SSA(11KV)
of I.V done Concerned Electricity SLPTCC
by Authority, (22/33KV)
New Delhi SEB(>33KV
(CEA,ND) DC)
CEA(220KV
& above)
4. Crossing DET Head of CGMT,concerned

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Approval Concerne SSA Circle
issued by d
5. Energisati DET Head of CGMT,concerned
on Concerne SSA Circle
Approval d
issued by

Time Limits For Issue of RAC

SI Type of line Total weeks Time(weeks)allowed for

NO Allowed for RAC marking Telecom/power
details
1. 11KV 8 All steps to be done in 8
weeks
2. 22/33KV 20 10
3. 66 to 400 KV 32 12
4. Telecom 30 12

Crossing Details

In addition to the Crossing details given in the PTCC manual through

light on the following points.
Angle of crossing of Power Overhead line with Railway Overhead line.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. In chaperter VIII in 1995 PTCC Manual, explanations given for Earth potential
rise.
There is a difference between protection recommended for GD tubes in Annexure
II of RAC and the EPR contours. But field people are thinking that both are the
same. This should be clearly indicated that
the GD tube protection recommended is for the cables/OH lines running
parallel to the proposed power line and the EPR contours are for protection against
the telecom assets falling within the EPR zone of the Sub Station.
For explanation the following Annexure-II of one RAC has been taken.
Annexure-II of RAC
Name of the Power Line: 220 KV DC/SC Line from 400 KV SS Gajwel to 220
KV SS Kamareddy.

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PTCC Manual 2009
1. No GD tube protection is recommended as the IV is within limits.
2. South Central Railway has given its clearance vide Lr No.
SG.85/4/3/PTCC/APTRANSCO
Vol 27/8 dated 09/02/2009.

3. Telecom Authorities may ensure protection against EPR at the cost of

later entrant to telecom assets and personnel within the EPR zone of the 400
KV SS at Gajwel& 220 KV SS at Kamareddy.The theoretical value of EPR zone
in metres from the edge of the earth mat as intimated by APTRANSCO,
Hyderabad is as follows.
Gajwel Kamareddy

For 430 Volts : 185.83 Mts. 261.50 Mts

For 650 Volts : 69.30 Mts. 156.74 Mts
For 7K Volts : --- ve. --- ve.
For 10 K Volts : --- ve. --- ve.
4 The EPR contours which define hazard zone for the telecom plants are as
given below.

No Type of telecom plant Type of Power

system
High reliability
lines
1 Terminal Apparatus, joints, cabinets, pillars, manholes, 650 V
pits, poles.
2 Telephone Exchanges 430 V
3 Cables : Plastic insulated and plastic sheathed & PIJF 7 KV
4 Solid Polythene insulated fully filled UG PCM Cable 10 KV

Here No GD tube protection is recommended as IV is within limits, which

means the induced voltage calculated for all paralleling circuits in this particular case
is less than 430 volts.

Whereas for Gajwel SS for 430 volts the EPR zone is given as 185.83 mts
which implies if any Telephone Exchange falls within 185.83 mts from the earthmat
of the Sub Station, protection recommended in the PTCC Manual 1995 edition may
be followed.
Similarly Sl.No.1 of EPR contours table ie. Terminal Apparatus, joints,
cabinets, pillars, manholes, pits, poles are coming under 650 volts zone. It there is
any item of this is available within 156.74 mts from the earth mat of the sub station at
Kamareddy protection should be given for that item as per manual.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VI. Induced voltage calculation of HT power line

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 For Induced voltage calculation of HT power line graph method is given in
manual which is very cumbersome . Instead of that MILK formula can be adopted
for which the M.C. Chart is to be incorporated in the manual.
MILK formula
Induced Voltage = M.C.* F.C.* Screening factor of power and
telecom circuits
Where M=M.C. (Mutual coupling)
I = F.C. (Fault Current)
K = Screening factor
Note: Worst Fault Current for 11 KV -345 Amps
22 KV- 2*345 Amps
33 KV- 3*345 Amps
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VII. Safety measures:
Reporting of Electrocution accidents:

The course of action to be taken on electrocution accident cases and

procedure for submission of various PTCC reports etc for speedy disposal of
electrocution cases is given hereunder.

Any accident either Fatal or Non fatal occurred in the SSAs

should be reported to the circle office as well as Electrical Inspector by

Telegram / FAX (within 24/48 hours) by the Head of the SSA after confirming

that the accident has occurred due to power lines only.

Processing Cases of Electrocution Accidents

As soon as the information is received about the occurrence of an

electrocution accident the controlling officers have rush to the spot. Preliminary
welfare measures in the victim are to be arranged most expeditiously.

Then following step by step action is to be taken.

1. Telegraphic intimation is to be given to the concerned Electrical

Inspector of the District and Chief Electrical Inspector to the

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PTCC Manual 2009
 respective State Govt. within 24 hours in case of a Fatal
Accident / 48 hours in case of Non Fatal Accident along with 44
A Proforma & Written report. Also a telephonic message should be
given to the Electrical Inspector, SDE PTCC, Circle office, DE
PTCC, T&D Circle and concerned ADE, SEB.

2. The accident spot and surrounding areas are to be surveyed and all
evidences are to be recorded by SDE concerned . A preliminary
report and Part-1 report are then to be submitted to circle through of
Head of SSA within one Week of occurrence of accident. Part-I
contains

a. Name and Designation of the person involved

b. Date of occurrence of accident
c. Nature of injury (extent of disablement) and medical report
on the cause of the injury.
d. Welfare measures taken

1. Whether the injured person was visited in the Hospital

2. Whether any financial or other help was given to injured
or his family.

3. A joint inspection has to be carried out by SDE and ADE of SEB

and the report signed by both and should be submitted to circle
office within four weeks along with Part-II report, Medical / Post-
Mortem and Police report (FIR).

4. Electrical Inspector will conduct an enquiry on the accident. SDE

should pursue with the Electrical Inspector for sending his report
early.

5. Departmental Enquiry will be conducted by circle office and SDE

PTCC of T&D circle may be co-opted.

6. Complete settlement of welfare measures such as (a) Compensation

under W.C. Act (b) DCRG (c) Pension and (d) Employment should
be completed within eight weeks of occurrence of the accident.

All reports submitted to the circle office should be personally signed by

concerned GM of the SSA who should satisfy that action on all points
has been completed as per the instructions.

Procedure for reporting cases of electrocution accidents and formats are enclosed
herewith (Enclosure-V)

6.5 Reasons for Accidents:

1. Unguarded power crossings:

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PTCC Manual 2009
 Providing proper guarding at unguarded power crossing with telecom lines
to avoid accidental contact and to prevent consequent hazards to telecom personnel
and equipment. Field units should hold periodical meetings with EB at different
levels and should have time bound programme for deduction of all UGPCs and
providing proper guardings. No new lines should be commissioned without
completing the guarding work wherever the telecom line crosses the electric wire.

2. Non using protective Devices:

The second line of defence is by way of providing personal protective devices

to the staff for their use while handling telecom installations. These protective
devices are classified under two categories.

a. Basic safety devices

i. Neon Tester
ii. Rubber Gloves (Type-I) IS 4770
iii. Safety Belt (DOT Spec) S/QP-104A, DT/6.10.77
iv. Insulated Tools
v. Rubber Shoes IS 3755
vi. Helmet (Yellow colour) IS 2925

are to be provided.

b. Additional safety devices:

i. High voltage Tester RL No: 170110

ii. Artificial Resuscitator.

3. Improper supervision & working on the line without Power shut down:

Power shut down should be taken while handling the telecom installations in
the vicinity of exposed power installations and work is to be carried out with proper
supervision.

4. Other General Protective measures:

i. Periodical patrolling of lines is to be ensured so that all PTCC violations

such as UGPCs, worn out electric service leads etc are noticed and
immediate follow up action is taken to get them rectified.
ii. Sub Divisional and Divisional and State level PTCC meetings are to
used to record PTCC violations and monitor the progress of their
rectification.
iii. Handling of telecom installations in stormy weather conditions should
be avoided.
iv. All new power and telecom lines should be referred to PTCC at the
survey stage to ensure necessary protection to telecom installations.
v. If noise or induction is noticed on any existing telecom circuit, the
matter has to be immediately reported to PTCC for examination and
suggestion on necessary protection.

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PTCC Manual 2009
Training and Education:

The efficiency of safety orientation not only lies in provision of safety devices
but also in educating and training the personnel about their utility, usage and
maintenance. Demonstration, lectures, training courses and workshops in PTCC
aspects have to be arranged to make safe working a habit for telecom personnel.

Administration have issued rulings and regulation from time to time, which
have to be implemented by the staff. Stringent measures have to be adopted to
avoid lapse on the part of the staff in implementing the safety programme.

Development of Safety programme:

Statistics of electrocution accidents are collected every year and reviewed. It

helps in deciding the remedial measures to avoid recurrence of accidents. It also
helps in finalizing guidelines for future safety programmes. Development of safety
engineering measures based on the feed back from the field is, thus, a continuous
process for betterment of safety.

Conclusion:

The safety measures described above are largely preventive in nature and seek
reasonable protection to telecom installations and personnel. The cooperation of the
power authorities is equally essential in ensuring the overall safety of telecom
installations and personnel.

VIII. GD tube specification for BSNL UG cable:

GD tube specification for BSNL UG cable is to be included in the revised

edition which will be very helpful while procuring GD tubes in the field unit.

Also Guidelines for installing the GD tubes on BSNL cable as protection in

RAC in case of more than 2 locations recommended and no pillar is available in
between.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 CHAPTER II

Various Committees Connected With

Power & Telecommunication Coordination
1.0 After its inception in 1949 all cases for PTCC clearance were being referred to
the Central PTCC. The work at the Central level increased enormously due to
the enormous spurt in both the Power and Communication sectors. The
clearance of 11 KV lines was entrusted to DEs (T) of the Telecom Department
on the basis of guidelines prepared by the Central PTCC. It was necessary
to further decentralize the work relating to lines up to 33 KV. Accordingly,
State Level Committees were set up in 1968 with representation from the
Power and Telecom sides. A Simplified Procedure for issue of clearance in
such cases was prepared by the Central PTCC.

2.0 With the increasing complexities in matters connected with PTCC clearance
and the problems posed by large financial outlays incurred in re-engineering
of telecom lines, it was decided in 1977 to have an informal High Level
Committee of the Members from the CEA and the then P&T Board to go into
cases not settled by the PTCC.

3.0 In view of the increasing tempo of transmission line construction, it became

difficult for the CEA to process all cases of lines beyond 66 KV. As decided by
the conference of Chairman of State Electricity Boards in January 1978, the
work relating to computation of induction from power lines of 66 KV, 110 KV
and 132 KV was decentralized w.e.f. June 1978. Officers nominated by SEBs
specifically for the purpose started dealing with these cases in conjunction
with the Regional DEs (T) PTCC who issue route approvals on behalf of
Central PTCC. In February 1979 the Central PTCC decided that State Level
PTCCs would discuss all cases of lines up to 132 KV.

4.0 Summing up, the various Committees involved in PTCC matters are as
follow:

(i) The informal High Level Committee comprised of the Member (G&O) of
CEA and Member (TD) of Telecom Board meeting at intervals by
mutual consent.

(ii) Central PTCC with nominees at present as indicated in Appendix IV to

Chapter I, meeting 4 times a year. The CE (LD&T), CEA/CGM, T&D
Circle, DOT chair the meetings in alternate years.

(ii) State Level PTCCs with nominees at present as indicated in Appendix

XV to Chapter I. The SE from State Electricity Board and Director
(Telecom) from DOT chair the meetings in alternate years. Meetings
are held generally every month but not later than a quarter. The
Chairmanship is fixed by mutual consent.

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5.0 High Level Committee

5.1 Composition

In a few cases like upper limit of voltage for GD tubes, cost apportionment etc.
where no consensus could be arrived at in the Central PTCC, such cases are
discussed at the level of Secretary (Power) or Chairman/Member, CEA
assisted by other officers from Ministry of Energy/ CEA and Secretary
(Communication) or Members from the Telecom Board assisted by other
officers from the Telecom side. Officers of appropriate level from the Railways
are also invited when there are issues involving them.

5.2 Central Standing Committee

In the high level meeting between representatives of Department of Telecom

and Department of Power on re-engineering held on 4.5.1992 at New Delhi, it
was decided that the Central Standing Committee should be revived so that it
could look into such estimates which have resulted in delay in settling re-
engineering cases. It will consist of two representatives from DOT and Two
from CEA, Director (ML), DOT will be the convener of the committee. Minutes
of the said meeting are available at Sl.No. II in Appendix XIII to Chapter I.

6.0 Central PTCC

6.1 Composition

As per Appendix IV to Chapter I.

6.2 Functions

As already indicated in Chapter I, Basic function could be summarized as:

(i) To consider all matters relating to the adverse effect of power lines on
telecom lines.

(ii) To consider specific cases of route approval of power lines exceeding

33 KV and telecom lines. Computations of induced voltages for lines
over 33 KV and up to 132 KV are done by SEBs and for lines of 220
KV and above by the Central Electricity Authority.

(iii) To consider and adopt new protective measures to minimize the cost of
protection.

6.3 Frequency of Meetings

Generally once in three months.

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PTCC Manual 2009
7.0 State Level PTCC

7.1 Composition
The present membership of the State Level PTCC consists of officers of
Junior Administrative Grade from the concerned SEB, Telecom Circle,
Railways and Defence. It is as per Appendix XV to Chapter I.

7.2 Functions

The main functions of the Committee are as under:

(i) To review the progress of route approval cases of 11 KV lines dealt

with by Telecom District Engineers.

(ii) To consider route approval cases up to service voltages of 33 KV.

(iii) To consider re-engineering schemes for cases where induction

exceeds the protection limit for GD tubes.

(iv) To co-ordinate and watch the progress of installation of protective

measures and re-engineering works and issue of energization
certificates on completion of protective works.

(v) To consider violation of PTCC regulations and take suitable corrective

measures.

(vi) To discuss cases of power lines of 66KV and above held up for PTCC
clearance.

(vii) Other additional functions detailed in Appendix XV to Chapter I.

7.3 Frequency

The meeting is generally to be convened once a month but not later then once
in 3 months in any case and the Chairmanship is mostly by rotation between
the SEB/DOT representatives.

8.0 Formation of Protection/Re-engineering Supervisory Sub-committee.

In the 89th Central PTCC meeting held at Aurangabad held on 23 rd January

2009 the Central PTCC had accepted the proposal of CEA for formation of a
Sub-committee to scrutinize the re-engineering estimates. The Supervisory
committee should work to bring uniformity in the scope of equipment required
for re-engineering and cost aspects thereof. The Chairman, Central PTCC,
advised that in order to make this Supervisory Committee most effective it
should include the member from the affected power utility, he will also be the
convener of the meeting. He proposed that there should be three permanent
members of this Supervisory Committee

1. Director (PTCC), CEA,

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PTCC Manual 2009
2. AGM (PTCC) T&D Circle, Jabalpur.
3. Director (Telecom), Railway Board.

He further proposed that there shall be two/three floating members in the Sub-
committee which will be as follows:

1. Member from the affected power utility whose re-engineering proposal

is to be scrutinized by the Sub-Committee.
2. A Member from the agency who has given the re-engineering estimate.
It will be either BSNL or Railways.
3. Any other party which is directly affected by this re-engineering
estimate.

Chairman Central PTCC further said that whenever required the meeting of
the above committee has to be convened by the affected power utility.

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PTCC Manual 2009
 CHAPTER III

Procedure for Clearance of PTCC Cases of

Power and Telecommunication Lines with Effect from 1st June 1978

SECTION A

POWER TRANSMISSION LINES (INCLUDING) POWER CABLES

1.0 Important

1.1 Each power line is to be examined with respect to all the telecom lines
inclusive of long distance cables, coaxial cables, railway circuits etc.

1.2 The cases of 11 KV lines are processed and approved by the respective
divisional Engineer Telegraphs/Telephones. Induced voltage calculations are
done by the DEs Telegraphs/Telephones as the case may be.

1.3 The cases above 11KV and up to 33KV lines are processed by the SDE
(PTCC) of T&D Circle whose office is located at the office of Chief General
Manager Telecom Induced Voltage calculations are made by the said SDE
(PTCC)

1.4 Induced voltage calculations of lines of 33KV DC and above and up to 132KV
are done by the nominated officers of the respective Electricity Boards.
Induced voltage calculations above 132 KV are done by the Central Electricity
Authority. Cases are processed by the DET (PTCC) concerned. In case of
DC lines, strung initially as Single Circuit, PTCC clearance is not required
again in case the computation is done on Double Circuit basis initially itself.
In such cases only the DOT is to be informed.

1.5 The recommendations of the Railways are incorporated in respect of the

railway block circuits in the Route Approval Certificate irrespective of the
induced voltage.

1.6 Maximum safe limits of LF induction are 430V and 650V from ordinary and high
reliability power lines respectively as per CCITT. The Indian PTCC has
adopted these limits for power lines up to 33 KV and for 66 KV and beyond
respectively.

1.7 Single Wire Earth Return Telegraph Circuits affected will be converted as per
the relevant decision of the PTCC.

1.8 The PTCC Route Approval itself is not a clearance for energization and
separate clearance will have to be obtained from the Railways/Telecom
Authority maintaining the same.

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2.0 Power Lines Exceeding 132 KV

2.1 In the case of power lines of 220 KV and above the application for clearance
of the route is processed by the Central PTCC. The application for PTCC
clearance is to be accompanied by the following documents:

(i) Questionnaire Number 1 as per proforma at Appendix 1 to Chapter III

duly filled in with all relevant details.

(ii) A route map of the proposed power line (with terminal stations
prominently marked) drawn to a scale of 1=1 mile or 1 cm =0.5 km.
The route map should depict all topographical details including railway
lines, rivers, canals and important road and other landmarks like towns,
villages with names etc. on either side of the proposed power line up to
8 kms.

(iii) Where there is close parallelism, the scale of the route map should be
larger in order to compute the mutual coupling between the two lines
accurately.

(iv) Statement showing the soil resistivity in the area covered by the line
measured by the four electrode method with an inter-electrodes
spacing of 50 meters, measurements being taken at every 2 or 3 kms.
along the length of the line.

(v) Single-line diagram of the electrical layout of the relevant portion of the
power system with details as in the questionnaire.

(vi) In the case of tap or spur lines, distances of the tap point from either of
the end sub-stations should be clearly marked.

2.2 Copies of all the documents are to be sent to:

(i) Director (PTCC), PTCC Directorate, LD & T Division, Central Electricity

Authority, NREB Complex, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi110016.

(ii) Concerned DET (PTCC) of DOT as per addresses given below (with
two additional copies of route map).

For Northern Region

(UP, Uttaranchal, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, HP, J&K, Delhi
etc.)

Divisional Engineer (T),PTCC, Northern Region, T&D Circle,

Bharat Sanchar Nigam limited,469, 4th Floor, kidwai Bhawan,
Janpath, New Delhi-110001.

For Eastern Region

(Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, West Bengal and states in
the NE Region)

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 DET (PTCC), Eastern Region, BSNL, 83/1A, Vivekananda
Road, 7th Floor, Kolkata 700006.

For Western Region

(Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Diu & Daman)

DET (PTCC), Western Region, BSNL, D Wing, 3 rd floor,

Administrative Building, Telecom Complex, Juhu-Tara Road,
Santa Cruz (W), Mumbai 400054.

For Southern Region

(Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh)

The Divisional Engineer (T),PTCC, T&D Circle, Southern Region,

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.,1st Floor, Raj Bhavan Telephone Exchange
No.26, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600 032.

2.3 Copies of route map are also to be sent to:

(i) The local DET of the Telecom Department (two copies) with a request
to mark the telecom lines involved and forward the same to the DET
(PTCC) concerned; if more than one DE (T) is involved, additional
copies to be sent to other DEs (T) concerned.

(ii) The SDE (PTCC), O/o CGM (Telecom), of the Circle concerned-One
copy.

(iii) GM (S&T) of the Railways concerned (four copies) with a request to mark
their telecom lines involved and forward one copy thereof to the Director
(PTCC), Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi and one copy to the
concerned DET (PTCC).
(The address of all the zones of the Railways along with their
jurisdiction is given in Appendix III of this chapter)

(iv) GM (Projects) and GM (Maintenance)-Two copies each.

(vii) Army Signals in case of border areas-Two copies.

2.4 The final PTCC clearance would be issued by the DET (PTCC) concerned
after receipt of the induced voltage computations and Railways
recommendations.

2.5 The State Electricity Boards will keep a liaison with the DOT/Railways to
ensure that the protective measures are provided in time.

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3.0 POWER LINES OF 33KV DC AND ABOVE UPTO 132 KV DC

3.1 In these cases the application for clearance of the route is to be processed by
the State Electricity Board concerned, which is to designate a suitable officer
and the DET (PTCC) as per 2.2(ii) above. The application for PTCC clearance
is to be accompanied by the documents mentioned in 2.1 above. The route
map is to cover 8 kms. on either side of power line for 66KV and above and 5
km. for 33KV lines.

3.2 Copies are to be sent to the officers as in 2.2 above except that instead of
Director (PTCC), CEA mentioned therein, the officer designate in the
Electricity Board is to be contacted.

3.3 Copies of the route map are to be sent to the officers mentioned at 2.3 above.

3.4 The final PTCC clearance would be issued by the DET (PTCC), concerned.

4.0 POWER LINES OF ABOVE 11KV UPTO 33 KV S/C

Detailed instructions are available in the booklet Simplified Procedure for Co-
ordination of Power lines up to and including 33 KV with Telecom lines
detailed in Chapter IV of the Manual. The route map to cover 5 kms. on either
side of power line for 33 KV and 22 KV. The route approval of all these cases
is issued by the State Level PTCC.

5.0 POWER LINES OF 11 KV

The clearance is to be obtained from the local DET of the Telecom

Department as per procedure given in the Simplified Procedure mentioned in
4.0 above. This does not cover SWER power lines, regarding which separate
guidelines are issued. The route map to cover 3 kms. on either side of power
line for 11 KV.

SECTION B

FOR THE USE OF DOT/ RAILWAY/ DEFENCE OFFICER

1.0 IMPORTANT

1.1 All telecom lines in the vicinity of the proposed power route would be marked
distinctly to scale on the route map received from the power authorities. It is
not enough to indicate a portion of the line only.

1.2 Not only the crossings but also the complete alignment of the telecom line, as
actually in existence or planned, should be marked on the line route map to
same scale. The stations, which the telecom line connects, should be clearly
indicated and the entire portion falling on the route map should be shown.

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1.3 L-14 diagrams should accompany the route map. No abbreviations or code
words should be used but full name of stations shown.

1.4 Along with the route amp on which the telecom lines have been marked as
indicated above, the details in full of all the circuits working on the telecom
alignments giving the discontinuity points and route lengths, should be
furnished.

1.5 The DET should furnish the telecom details, L-14 index etc. through the
respective SDE (PTCC) to the DET (PTCC) concerned.

Note: The telecom details should be supplied to:

(i) The DET (PTCC) concerned within 2 months of receipt of the route
map and should be complete.

(ii) The information regarding telecom particulars should be given in the

proforma complying with all the points in the check sheets.

1.6 After receipt of the route approval, the Telecom/Railway authorities concerned
shall arrange for the necessary protection expeditiously and intimate
compliance to the Member (P) and Member (Telecom) of State Level PTCC
and the Organization issuing the route approval. Member (Telecom) of
concerned Telecom authority would then issue the energization approval for
the power line. For computing the interference current on the earth return
telegraph circuits, the following details are to be supplied in case of single-
wire earth return telegram circuits.

(i) Average height of telecom wire above ground in meters.

(ii) Number of line conductors excluding the telegraph wire under

consideration, which are not insulated from earth.

(iii) Whether phantom has been employed for the telegraph circuit.

(iv) Length of telegraph section and separation from power line.

(v) Details of telegraph apparatus including normal operating current and

voltages.

SECTION C

TELECOM LINES

For the use of officers of Department of Telecommunications and Railway

Board while submitting the applications for Route Approval
in case of new Telecommunication Lines

1.0 Important

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1.1 The route of all the Trunk lines, Junction lines, Long Distance PCO lines,
Telegraph Circuits, Railway Circuits and Coaxial Cables should be referred to
PTCC for Route Approval.

1.2 Each Circuit is to be studied for the effect of induced voltages from all the
paralleling power lines, in the vicinity (for 11 KV lines up to 3 kms. 33 KV lines
up to 5 kms. and above 33 KV lines up to 8 kms.)

1.3 All power line crossings should be as per the PTCC Code of Practice.

1.4 PTCC Route Approval itself is not a clearance. Provision of all protection is
a MUST for energization. The protective measures should be carried out
during construction.

2.0 Procedure

2.1. The application for PTCC clearance is to be made at the survey stage itself.
As the effect of the induced voltage is to be calculated with respect to all the
power transmission lines, running parallel to the proposed telecom/railway
lines, the case should be submitted to the respective DET (PTCC) and others
concerned, i.e. Executive Engineer of the concerned Electricity Board and to
the Director (PTCC), CEA, New Delhi. The approval will be issued by DET
(PTCC) after the receipt of all induced voltage calculations.

2.2 The route of the proposed telecom line should be marked on a topographical
map to the scale of 1=1 mile or 1 cm=0.5 kms. The route map should show
topographical details including all railway lines, rivers, canals and important
roads and other landmarks like towns, villages, with names etc. on either side
of the proposed telecom line up to 8 kms. The route of all the power lines
also should be marked on the map.

(i) All Railway Stations falling on the map portion of the line should be
physically located on the map and marked with names.

(ii) Care should always be taken to be as far away from the power lines as
possible while fixing the telecom line route. Where, however, there is
close parallelism in certain sections, the scales of the route map should
be larger than 1=1 mile in order to compute the mutual impedance
between the two lines accurately for that particular section.

2.3 The application for PTCC approval is to be accompanied by the following

documents:

(i) A Questionnaire Number 2 as per proforma at Appendix II to Chapter

III, duly filled in with all relevant details.

(ii) Statements showing the soil resistivity in the area covered by the line
measured by four electrode method with an inter electrode spacing of
50 meters, measurements being made at every 2 or 3 kms. along with
the length of the line.

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 (iv) The L-14 diagram of the proposed telecom alignment.

(iv) The details of the circuit likely to work on the telecom lines (use of
codes and abbreviation should not be made).

(v) The number of crossings and the angle of crossings with power line
with location details.

2.4 Copies of all the documents as above (plus four additional copies of the route
map) to Member (Power) of State Level PTCC for marking the power details.
The later will get the power lines marked and send to SDE (PTCC) for lines of
33 KV S/C and below and to Director (PTCC) CEA, New Delhi, for lines of 220
KV and above. For the power lines of other voltages, the computations are
done by the SEB. The results in all cases are sent to the DET (PTCC)
concerned for necessary action to examine and issue the PTCC Route
Approval.

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 Appendix I to Chapter III
(Refer Para 2.1 (I) of Section A)

QUESTIONNAIRE 1

Government of India
Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee
(To be answered by the Authorities In-charge of Power System
while Applying for PTCC Route Approvals.)

1.0 Please supply data of the power system as per details below:

1.1 Key diagram (single line) of the electrical layout of the relevant portions of the
power system, indicating the number, voltage ratings, capacities, etc. of the
various power apparatus. Indicate also by dotted lines the extension
proposed ultimately or through the current Five Year Plan.

Note: By relevant is meant all the power stations, which under normal
operating conditions will feed into a fault occurring within or outside the
parallelism section as well as all lines on which such fault current would flow.

1.2 Data on the characteristics of equipment, viz. generators, transformers,

reactors, synchronous condensers, earthing transformers, etc. installed in the
system as per enclosed annexure (transient reactance figures should be
given for all rotating machines).

1.3 Please state if the neutral points of the power system are (i) insulated, or (ii)
earthed. If the latter, please indicate the type of earthing, e.g. solidly earthed,
earthed through Peterson coils, earthed through resistance or reactance.
Give also full particulars.

2.0 Please supply the following data in respect of the particular power line for
which approval is sought.

2.1 Name.

2.2 Operating voltage and number of circuits.

(i) Length.

(ii) Conductor/Earth wire size and material.

2.4 If it is a top or spur line, the length of the tap and the distance of the tapping
point from the end sub-stations should be clearly indicated.

2.5 Is the power line bussed at any intermediate sub-stations? If so, please give
details.

2.6 Will the power line initially be charged at some lower voltage?

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2.7 Probable date of commencing the construction.

2.8 Probable date of commissioning.

2.9 Date by which approval is desired.

3.0 Please supply a route map showing the proposed alignment of the power line
and the paralleling telecommunication lines in the area, drawn to a scale of
1 cm = 0.5 kms. or 1 = 1 mile. All topographical details including all railway
lines, rivers, canals and important roads up to 8 kms. on either side of the
proposed power line may also be drawn to the scale. The railway stations
should be located on the map and named.

Note 1: If the proposed line is an extension of the existing line, which

had not been referred to the Committee previously a similar
route map of the existing line, should also be supplied along with
the route map of the proposed line.

Note 2: A copy of the route map with telecom circuits marked be also
sent to local DOT authorities and Railway authorities, requesting
them to confirm the telecom circuit and also indicate the points
of discontinuity in the telecom circuits to both the Joint
Secretaries of the committee.

3.1 Number and date of the route map showing the proposed alignment.

4.0 Sketch or sketches or supports showing the conductor and group wire
arrangements of the transmission line together with an indication of the sizes
and materials of the various wires.

5.0 Please indicate the protective device adopted for the line. In respect of lines
protected by circuit breakers, please furnish also the type of the lines and
relaying proposed and the total time (Breaker and Relay) for clearance of
ground faults on the line with normal relay settings.

6.0 Please indicate the soil resistivity in the area covered by the line. The soil
resistivity should be measured by the four electrode method using an inter
electrode spacing of 50 meters (150 feet). The measurements may be made
at every 2 or 3 kms. along the length of the line.

7.0 Please indicate the number of crossings between the proposed alignment and
the telecommunication lines involved and state if the crossing arrangements
will be provided in accordance with the code of Practice for Crossings issued
by the Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee.

8.0 EPR details of End substations-

Name of Substation :
New / Existing :
Diagonal distance of earth mat in meters :

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 Maximum fault current of Substation in Amps :
Earth mat resistance in Ohms :

9.0 Main line particulars in the case of LILO/ tapline :

9a Whether any Railway lines are existing within 8 kms. on either side of the
power line:

10.0 While applying for route approvals of the Committee, the above particulars
should be furnished to:

(i) Director (PTCC), Central Electricity Authority, Load Despatch &

Telecommunication Division, PTCC Directorate, NREB Building,
Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi 110016.

(ii) DET (PTCC) concerned.

Place: Signature:
Date: Name:
Designation:

N.B.: For computing the interference current from the power line on the single wire
earth return telegraph circuits, indicate the maximum load current for which
the power line has been designed.

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 Annexure to Appendix I

Please furnish the characteristics of the various power apparatus as under:

1. Synchronous Machines (Generators, Synchronous Condensers)

Transient Reactance
S.No Name of the Power Station Rating in
(Percentage Reactance
. or Sub-station KVA
on its own Base)
1.
2.
3.

2. TRANSFORMERS

High Medium Low or

Name of Voltage Voltage Tertiary Percentage Reactance**
Sl. Power Winding Winding Winding
No Station or
KV KV KV HV/ MV/LV HV/LV
. Sub
Connec Connec- Connec V or or
station
-tions tions -tions Tertiary Tertiary

1.
2.
3.

*(1) In the case of star connections, please state clearly whether the neutral is
effectively grounded.
(2) In the case of windings connected delta, please indicate whether it would
be operated with isolated neutral or grounded through earthing transformers.
**(3) The MVA base to which these values relate should be clearly specified.

3, REACTORS

S.No Name of the Power House Percentage Reactance

Rating
. or Sub-station (on its own Base)
1.
2.
etc.

3. EARTHING TRANSFORMERS

Current
Name of the Time Percentage
Rating Voltag
S.No. Power House or Ratin Reactance (on the
(Short- e
Sub-station g short-time Rating)
time)
1.
2.
etc.

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 Appendix II to Chapter III
(Refer Para 2.3(I) of Section C)

QUESTIONNAIRE 2

Government of India
Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee

(To be answered by the Authorities in-charge of Telecommunication Line

while Applying for PTCC Route Approval)

Section a (1)

1.0 Please supply the following data in respect of the particular telecom line for
which approval is sought:

1.1 Name

1.2 Route-length

1.3 Probable date of commencing the construction.

1.4 Probable date of commissioning

1.5 Date by which approval is desired.

1.6 Please supply a route map showing the proposed route of the telecom line
and also the existing/proposed power lines in the area drawn to a scale of
1=1 mile or 1 cm=0.5 kms. Topographical details including railway lines,
rivers, canals and important roads up to 8 kms. on either side of the proposed
telecom line should also be drawn on the map.

1.7 Number and date of the route map.

1.8 Sketch or sketches of L-14 diagram of the proposed alignment.

1.9 Details of the circuits likely to work on the proposed line with discontinuity
points and route lengths.

1.10 Please indicate the soil resistivity in the area covered by the proposed line.
The soil resistivity should be measured by the four electrode method using an
inter electrode spacing of 50 meters. The measurements may be made at
every 2 or 3 kms. along with the length of the line.

1.11 Please indicate the number of crossings and angle of crossings between the
proposed telecom alignment and the power lines and give a certificate that the
crossing arrangement will be made in accordance with the Code of Practice
for Crossings issued by PTCC.

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1.12 Additional information as per Para 1.6 item (i) to (v) of Section B in Chapter III,
for telegraph circuits.

Date: Signature and Designation of Telecom/Railway

Authority
Place:

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(To be furnished by the SEB)
Section a (2)

2.0 Please supply the following data in respect of the power lines existing or
proposed on either side of proposed telecom line (up to 8 kms. for 66 KV and
above, 5 kms. for lines above 11 KV and up to 33KV and 3 kms. for lines up
to 11KV).

2.1 Name of the power line/lines.

2.2 Operating voltage and number of circuits of power line/lines.

2.3 Length of power line/lines.

2.4 Whether the route(s) of power line/ lines has/ have been approved by PTCC?
If yes, please indicate approval certificate number and date.

2.5 The designation and address of the officer in-charge of the power line/lines.

Date: Signature and Designation of Officer of SEB/

Deptt
Place:

Section b (1)
(Applicable to Coaxial Cables)

1.1 Name of the coaxial cable route.

1.2 Route length

1.3 (a) Number of coaxial tubes.

(b) Size of the coaxial tubes.
(c) Maximum frequency used on the coaxial conductors.
(d) Details of interstice pairs.
(e) The characteristic curves of screening factor for the proposed coaxial
cable.

1.4 Probable date of commencing the construction.

1.5 Probable date of commissioning.

1.6 Date by which approval is desired.

1.7 Please supply the route map showing the proposed route of the coaxial cable
to enable the Power authorities to mark the existing/proposed power lines in
the area, drawn to the scale of 1 = 1 mile or 1 cm = 0.5 kms. Topographical
details including railway lines, rivers, canals and important roads up to 8 kms.
on either side of the proposed coaxial cable route should also be drawn up on
the map.

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1.8 Number and date of the route map.

1.9 Please indicate the soil resistivity of the area covered by the proposed coaxial
cable route. Soil resistivity should be measured by the four electrode method
using the inter electrode spacing of 50 meters. The measurement may be
made at every 2 or 3 kms. along with length of the route.

1.10 Please indicate the screening factor characteristics for the coaxial cable.

Date: Signature and Designation of Telecom/ Railway

Authority
Place:

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(To be furnished by the SEB)
Section b (2)

2.0 Please supply the following data of the power lines existing or proposed on
either side of the proposed coaxial cable route (up to 8 kms. for 33 KV DC
and above, 5 kms. for lines above 11KV and up to 33 KV SC and 3 kms. for
lines up to 11KV.)

2.1 Name of the power line/lines.

2.2 Operating voltage and number of circuits of power line/line.

2.3 Length of the power line/lines.

2.4 Whether the route of power line/lines has been approved for the PTCC. If
yes, please indicate the approval certificate number and date.

Date: Signature and Designation of Officers of SEB/

Department
Place:

(Applicable for Armored OF Cables)

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ARMORED OFCABLE

1. Name of OFC route :

2. Route length :

3. Probable date of commencement of construction :

4. Probable date of commissioning :

5. Date by which approval is desired :

6. Please supply route map showing the proposed

armored OFC route indicating all jointing locations
in the map. The scale of the map should be 1 = 1
mile or 1cm = 0.5 km and should be written in the
map. Topographical details including Railway lines,
rivers, canals, and important roads, upto 8 kms. on
either side of the proposed cable should also be
drawn. There should be a 8 km. spacing on either
side of the OFC in the map.

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7. Please indicate the soil resistivity in the area
covered by the proposed OFC. The soil resistivity
should be measured by the four electrode method
using an inter electrode spacing of 50 meters. The
measurements may be made at every 2 or 3 kms.
along the length of the line.
:

Date Signature and Designation of

Place Telecom Authority

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To be submitted to DET PTCC

1. Questionnaire 1 copy

2. Route map with the following details 3 copies

a) Mark the OF cable route in the map so as to have 8 km spacing on either
side of the cable.
b) Indicate the joint locations in the map.
c) Write the names of the terminals of the OFC route. In case of spur
routes, name
of the tapping point location should be given.
d) Write the scale of the map in the map itself.

3. Value of induced voltage on the OFC due to 11 KV power lines.

4. Soil resistivity data

To be submitted to SDE PTCC, T & D Circle, o/o CGM Telecom

1. Questionnaire 1 copy

2. Route map with the following details 1 copy

a) Mark the OF cable route in the map.
b) Indicate the joint locations in the map.
c) Write the names of the terminals of the OFC route. In case of spur
routes, name of the tapping point location should be given.
d) Write the scale of the map in the map itself.
e) Get all 33 KV SC/ 22 KV power lines, existing as well as proposed,
within 8 kms. on either side of the power line marked in the map by
Electricity authorities.
f) Indicate transformer capacities and type/ gauge of the conductor and
name of the terminals for each power line route on the map.
g) Following certificate in the map signed by Electricity authorities:
Certified that all 22 KV / 33 KV SC power lines, existing as well as
proposed, within 8 kms. on either side of the power line have been
marked in the map.

3. Soil resistivity data.

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 Appendix III to Chapter III
(Refer Para 2.3(I) of Section C)

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 115
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 116
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 CHAPTER IV
Simplified Procedure for Co-ordination of Power Lines
Up to and including 33 KV with Telecommunication Lines

1. Introduction

Power and telecommunication lines constitute essential lifelines of any

community. Very often they will have to follow the same road or railway
alignment and thus will have to exist close to each other. Any high voltage
power line sets up in its vicinity electric and magnetic fields. Communication
circuits coming under the influence of these fields will experience extraneous
induction. The extraneous induction under certain conditions may introduce
noise in communication circuits and/or cause danger to communication
equipment or personnel. Therefore it is very essential that whenever power
and telecommunication lines have to take rights of way close to each other,
suitable co-ordination measures are effected to derive maximum benefits from
both the systems. The specific co-ordination principle to be adopted, depends
on the operating conditions of the two systems. In this country, the power
systems are operated with their neutrals effectively grounded. The
communication lines are generally of the overhead open wire type. With such
systems, earth return currents on power circuits caused during asymmetrical
faults on power lines can induce dangerously high voltages on the
communication circuits. Therefore, the Power & Telecommunication Co-
ordination Committee (PTCC) has based the Power and Telecommunication
Co-ordination in this country on the principle of low frequency induction. It
may be mentioned that with the co-ordination based on low frequency
induction and the limits given in Para 2 being adhered to, the requirements in
respect of noise interference are taken care of.

2. Principle of low frequency inductive coordination

The principle of low frequency inductive co-ordination essentially involves the

determination of the induced voltage on the communication circuits under
single line to ground fault conditions on the power line and limiting the induced
voltages in the different sections to be prescribed limits. The prescribed limit
for parallelism with power lines up to and including 33 KV is 430 volts.

3. This simple graphical method for examination of power and

telecommunication lines; parallelisms for purposes of co-ordination is divided
into five parts as under:

Part I Gives graphs for determining separation necessary between

power and telecommunication lines, to keep the induction within
the prescribed limit (430V). This separation is referred to as
minimum safe separation.

Part II Gives graphs showing S/Sm Vs Induced Voltages (in units of

430V), for estimating induced voltages where the minimum safe

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 separations prescribed in Part I cannot be achieved in practice.
This will enable provision of necessary protection on
telecommunication circuits.

Part III Gives details about use of protection measures to be adopted in

cases of voltages exceeding the prescribed limits.

Part IV Gives method of estimation of induced voltage where tap lines,

more than one power line and extensions to existing power lines
are involved.

Part V Explains the step-by-step procedure for examination of

individual cases of parallelism.

4. In the preparation of this procedure, it has been assumed that the power lines
would be essentially radial ones i.e. the sources of supply would be only at
one end. This assumption is justified, as the bulk of the power lines in this
voltage category would be operated in this manner. Infinite bus has been
assumed at nearest extra high voltage grid sub-station at which the voltage
level of 11, 22 or 33 KV is created. This assumption is also justified as the
error creeping in by neglecting the system impedances behind the extra high
voltage bus is insignificant. Further, the error, if any, would be on the safe
side. In the preparation of the graphs for estimation of fault currents a fault
resistance of 20 ohms in conformity with the recommendation of the latest
CCITT directives has been taken into account. For estimating mutual coupling
between power and telecommunication lines, Carson curves have been used.

Part I

To Determine Minimum Safe Separation Necessary Between

Power and Telecommunication Lines to Keep the Low Frequency
Induction within the Prescribed Limit of 430 Volts

1. Plate 1 (a and b) in Appendix III to Chapter IV gives a set of graphs for

determining minimum safe separation i.e. the separation necessary to keep
the low frequency induction within the prescribed limit of 430 volts. For these
curves the abscissa represents the product of fault current in amps causing
the induction and length of parallelism in Kms, while the ordinate represents
the minimum safe separation in meters. The soil resistivity is a parameter and
separate curves have been given for soil resistivity of:

(i) 1,000 Ohms-cm. (ii) 3,000 Ohms-cm

(iii) 5,000 Ohms-cm (iv) 7,500 Ohms-cm
(v) 10,000 Ohms-cm (vi) 15,000 Ohms-cm
(vii) 20,000 Ohms-cm (viii) 50,000 Ohms-cm
(ix) 1,00,000 Ohms-cm

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2. For using the curves in Plate 1, knowledge of fault current on the power circuit
causing the induction is necessary. This can be determined for any situation
from the graphs given in Plates 2(a) to 2(c) in Appendix III to Chapter IV. For
using the graphs given in Plates 2 (a) to 2(c), the following basic information
of the power circuit is necessary:

(a) Voltage class of the power line - 11, 22, or 33 KV.

(b) Size of conductor used for the power line.

(c) Total capacity of the step-down transformer in MVA at the main

grid sub-station creating the voltage of the power line.

(d) Distance of the point of fault (end of parallelism) from the main
grid sub-station in Kms.

3. For 11 KV lines the effect of the capacity of the main step-down transformer is
insignificant and hence only the conductor size is the parameter in the graphs
given in Plate 2(c). Conductor size of 0.03 sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR, 0.04
sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR and 0.06 sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR only have been covered, being
popular sizes.

The capacity of the main step-down transformer has some effect in the case
of 22 KV and 33 KV lines. Hence, in Plates 2 (a) & 2 (b) graphs have been
drawn for the capacities of step-down transformer, viz.5 MVA and 30 MVA for
each of the sizes of conductor. The curve for

K = 30 MVA

can be used for all cases where the capacity of the step-down transformer
exceeds 30 MVA. Similarly the curve for

K = 5 MVA

can be used for transformer capacities of 5 MVA and below. For values of
transformer capacities between 5 MVA and 30 MVA, suitable interpolation
should be made.

4. In practice in any parallelism section the separating distance between the

power line and the telecommunication line will not be same throughout. In
such cases it is necessary to determine the average separation. The method
to be adopted for determining the average separation is given in Appendix I to
Chapter IV.

5. A knowledge of the soil resistivity for determining safe separation in any

situation is very essential. The soil resistivity at any place can be measured by
means of the Evershed Earth Tester. The method of determining soil resistivity
by means of Ever shed Earth Tester is explained in Appendix II to Chapter IV.

6. Examples

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The method of determining safe separation for any situation has been
demonstrated by means of the following examples:

Example I

Figures 1 shows the schematic of a 33 KV S/C line using 0.06 sq.in.cu.eq.

ACSR. At the main grid sub-station, at A, there are two numbers 4 MVA,
132/33 KV transformers. In the route of this power line, parallelism with
communication circuits occurs in the section BC. Determine the safe
separation. The soil resistivity of the place is of the order of 10,000 ohms/cm.

132KV 33KV

18.9KM 40KM 13KM 10KM

A B C D E

2 x 4 MVA
Figure 1

Voltage class of the power line = 33 KV

Size of conductor =0.06 sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR
Step-down transformer capacity = 2x4 = 8 MVA
Distance of Point C (end of parallelism) from
main step-down A = 58.9 kms

Referring to Plate 2(a), corresponding to the above conditions on the

power circuit,
Fault current causing induction = 230 Amps
Length of Parallelism = 40 Kms

Product of fault current and length Of parallelism = 230 x 40

= 9200 Amp Kms

Referring to Plate 1 (a), the minimum safe separation, corresponding to

soil resistivity of 10,000 ohm/cm for Amp Km of 9200, S m = 720
meters

Example II

Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of an 11 KV S/C line using 0.04

sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR. At the main grid sub-station there are two numbers 7.5
MVA, 132 / 11 KV transformers. In the route of this 11 KV power line,
parallelism with communication circuits occurs in the section CD. Determine
safe separation, if the soil resistivity of the region is of the order of 5,000
ohms/cm.

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 132KV 11KV 15KM

5 KM 10KM 18KM

A B C E

2.75 MVA
Figure 2

Voltage class of the power line = 11 KV

Size of conductor = 0.04 sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR
Step-down transformer capacity = 2x7.5 = 15 MVA

Distance of point of fault (end of parallelism)

from main step-down transformer = 30 kms

Referring to Plate 2(c), corresponding to the above,

Fault current causing induction = 122 Amps
Length of Parallelism = 15 Kms

Product of fault current and length of

parallelism = 122x15
= 1830 Amp Kms

From Plate 1(b), the minimum safe separation,

corresponding to 1830 Amps Kms and soil
resistivity of 5000 ohms/Cm, Sm = 21.5 meters

NOTE: When separations required are very small, it is necessary

to ensure that it is more than 1 and times the height of the
power supports.

Example III

Figure 3 shows the schematic diagram of an electrical system. For the 11 KV

S/C line, 0.03 sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR is used. At the grid sub-station creating 11
KV there are two numbers 1 MVA, 33/11 KV transformers. For power
parallelism in section CE, determine safe separation. The soil resistivity in the
region is about 20,000 ohms/cm.

132KV 33KV 11KV

20 KM

A B C E

2 x 4 MVA 2 x 1 MVA

Figure 3

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 Voltage class of the power line = 11 KV
Size of conductor = 0.03 sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR
Step-down transformer capacity = 2x1 = 2 MVA

Distance of point of fault (end of parallelism)

from main grid sub-station = 20 kms

Referring to Plate 2(c), corresponding to the above,

Fault current causing induction = 142 Amps

Product of fault current and length of parallelism= 142x20
= 2840 Amp Kms

From Plate 1(a), the minimum safe separation,

corresponding to 2840 Amps Kms and soil
resistivity of 20,000 ohms/Cm, Sm = 130 meters

Part II

To estimate induced voltage on Telecommunication Circuits in situation

where the average separation that can be maintained under field
conditions, is less than minimum safe separation obtain from Plate1

Very often situations arise where the minimum safe separation as determined
by Plate-1, cannot be maintained due to difficult terrain conditions or problems
of maintenance. In such situations, the power and telecommunication
engineers should investigate the maximum possible separation that can be
maintained under the field conditions and determine the possible induction on
the telecommunication circuit under that condition. This is required to
determine the protective measures necessary for the telecommunication
circuits. Plates 3 (a) to 3 (i) in Appendix III to Chapter IV; give graphs for
determining induction on telecommunication circuits for the separations other
than the minimum values. In these graphs the abscissa of X-axis represents
the ratio of the actual average separation that can be maintained under field
conditions (S) to minimum safe separation (Sm) determined from Plate 1,
while the ordinate or Y-axis represents the actual induced voltage in units of
430 volts. The Plates 3 (a) to 3 (i) cover graphs for various values of soil
resistivity. In each of these graphs, the minimum safe separation (Sm), is a
parameter.

The use of these graphs has been demonstrated by the following examples:

Example IV

In the case of Example I, if the field conditions limit the actual separation to
450 meters, determine the induction on the paralleling telecommunication
circuit.

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 From Example I

Sm = Minimum safe separation

= 720 meters

S = Average separation that can be actually maintained

= 450 meters

S 450
0.625
Sm 720

From Plate 3 (e), (for soil resistivity = 10,000ohms/cm) corresponding

to Sm = 720 meters and S Sm 0.625 ,

We get,
Induced Voltage = 1.53 x 430
= 656 Volts.

Example V

Sm = Minimum safe separation

= 130 meters

S = Actual separation that can be maintained

= 95 meters

S 95
0.73
Sm 130

From Plate 3 (g), (for soil resistivity of 20,000ohms/cm) corresponding

to Sm =130 meters and S Sm = 0.73,

We get,
Induced Voltage = 1.11 x 430
= 477 Volts.

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 PART III
Protection of Telecommunication Circuits in Cases of
Voltages Exceeding the Prescribed Limits

In cases where the induced voltage on the telecom circuits, as determined

from Plates 3(a) to 3(i) exceeds the prescribed safe limit of 430 volts, it is
necessary to consider various protection measures so that the equipment
installed and the personnel working on these circuits are not subjected to the
influence of hazardous potentials.

One of the measures commonly adopted for protection is the use of three
electrode Gas Discharge (GD) tubes. Two electrodes of the tube are
connected to the wires of a telephone pair and the third electrode to the earth,
through the earth cap. Under normal conditions, the telecom line is kept
insulated. The gap breaks-down and the telecom line is virtually earthed,
when induced voltage excess the pre-determined value (250V). Through the
discharge path, the earth connection to the tube should be of very low
resistance so that the voltage across the tube is restricted to safer values.

The following example illustrates the use of GD tubes to restrict the induction
to safe values.

Example VI

In order to reduce the induced voltage of 656 volts to safe value in Example
IV, determine the number of GD tubes to be installed on telecom line. The
number of GD tubes is calculated as below:

Induced Voltage 656

Constant 300

` = 2.2

= 3 (rounded off to the next higher digit).

Two GD tubes should be installed at the ends of telecom lines in the

paralleling section and one in the middle of these two.

In case the number of GD tubes worked out are more than three, two
of these should be fitted at each end of the paralleling section of the
telecom lines and the rest of the GD tubes be fitted in between space
at equal intervals.

GD tubes worked out by the above method should be fitted on all the
telecom wires in the paralleling section.

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 PART IV
Estimation of Induced Voltage where

(a) Tap lines are involved;

(b) More than one power line in parallelism with DOT line;
and
(c) Extensions arise to existing lines.

(a) Tap lines

The procedure for estimation of induced voltages on telecom lines paralleling

tap lines is illustrated by Example II given under part I. Here, CD can be
considered as a tap line branching off from the main line AE at C (Figure 2).
Parallelism occurs in section CD and estimation of the induced voltage in this
case is clarified by Example-II.

(b) More than one Power Line in Parallelism with DOT line

In all calculations of induced voltage, it is assumed that the faults on all the
paralleling power lines do not occur simultaneously. With this assumption, it is
possible to estimate the induction on a given section of telecom line due to
different paralleling power lines individually. The final value of induced voltage
to be considered is the severest of the estimated value of induced voltage due
to the different power lines.

(c) Extension Arise to Existing Lines

The estimation of induced voltage in cases where extensions arise to an

existing line is illustrated by Example VII below.

Example VII

Let us consider that in Example I, in Part I, the line is extended to E for a

distance of 10 Kms using the same conductor and that parallelism occurs in
the section DE (Figure 1).

Distance of Point E
From step-down station A = 81.9 Kms

From Plate 2 (a), fault current = 176 Amps

Length of parallelism = 10 Kms

Product of fault current and

length of parallelism = 1760 Amp Kms

From Plate 1(b), for soil resistivity of 10,000 ohms/cm

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 Safe separating distance Sm = 24 meters

Average separation = S (say)

Average separation S can be calculated with the help of Appendix I to Chapter

IV. After calculating average separation the ratio of average separation to safe
separation S Sm should be calculated and from this ratio induced voltage can
be found out from the Plate 3(e) (for soil resistivity of 10,000 ohms/cm).

PART V

Step by Step Procedure for Examination of Individual Cases

A. Procedure to be followed for New Power Line Constructions

The Executive Engineer or the SDO in-charge of the power line construction
should carry out the following:

(a) Survey the route for investigating the maximum separations that field
conditions permit. Once knowledge of separations that can be
maintained in different portions is available, the average separation for
the entire parallelism stretch can be estimated as per the procedure
given in Appendix I to Chapter IV.

(b) Measure soil resistivity at a few places by means of Evershed Earth

Tester. The method has been explained in Appendix II to Chapter IV. As
many measurements as possible along the route should be taken for
soil resistivity. In any case, it should not be less than three. There will
be variation in the value of soil resistivity from point to point. The value
to be chosen depends on the general trend. This has been
demonstrated by means of an example below. It is important to
measure the soil resistivity during the dry season.

Example VIII

The soil resistivity survey based on 160 feet or 50 meters inter

electrode spacing, reveals the following information.

Location of Soil Resistivity

Meggar Reading
Measurem (2aR)
(R)
ent Ohms/cm
1 1.50 47,144
2 1.30 40,858
3 1.30 40,858
4 2.00 62,858
5 1.35 42,429
6 2.60 81,715

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 From the above survey, it can be concluded that this region is of a soil
resistivity of 50,000 ohms/cm.

(c) Calculate the value of fault current for a single line to ground fault on
the power line at a point corresponding to the end of parallelism. For
this purpose, use Plate 2(c) for 11 KV, Plate 2(b) for 22 KV and Plate
2(a) for 33 KV lines. The basic data of the power system required for
calculation of fault current are:

(i) Operating voltage of the power line.

(ii) Conductor size of the power line.
(iii) Capacity of main step-down transformer.
(iv) The distance of the point of fault (end of parallelism) from the
main step-down station.

(d) Determine the minimum safe separation necessary corresponding to:

(i) Soil resistivity

(ii) Product of fault current and length of parallelism.

(e) If the minimum safe separation obtained in (d) above is less than the
average separation determined in (a) above, the route as surveyed can
be adopted.

(f) If the minimum safe separation in (d) above is more than the average
separation in (a) above, then estimate the induced voltage on
telecommunication circuits from Plates 3 (a) to 3(i) corresponding to:

(i) Soil resistivity.

(ii) Safe separation.
(iii) Ratio S Sm .

(g) Refer the proposals for the approval of the route of the power line to
the State Level Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee
(SLPTCC). While referring the case, forward:

(i) A route map of the power line, drawn to a scale 1 = 1 mile or 1

cm = 0.5 Kms, showing separations between the power line and
telecommunication line also to the same scale.

(ii) Results of the calculations in (a) to (f) above.

B. Procedure for New Constructions in respect of Telecommunication

Lines

The construction officer in-charge of telecommunication line construction

should do the following:

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(a) Survey the route for investigating the maximum separations that
field conditions permit and prepare a route map showing the
separations.

(b) Measure soil resistivity at new places by means of Evershed

Earth Tester.

(c) Refer to Section C of Chapter III for further detailed procedure in

respect of telecom lines.

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 Appendix I to Chapter IV
(Refer Para 4 in Part I)

Procedure for Estimating Average Separation Between

Power and Telecommunication Lines in Any Parallelism Section

In practice the routes of the power line and the paralleling telecommunication
line will be such that the exposure in the entire stretch of parallelism will not be
uniform. Consider any parallelism section, as for instance, the one shown in Figure
4. The power line can be deemed to be made up of a large number of small sub-
sections. Let d1, d2.. dn be the lengths of the various sub-sections. With respect to
these small sub-sections, the exposure between power and communication circuits
can be reasonably assumed to be uniform. In other words, the separating distance
between the two systems can be assumed to be uniform with respect to this sub-
section. Let S1, S2.. Sn be the separating distances corresponding to the sub-
section d1, d2.. dn respectively.

S = Equipment weighted average separation for the entire parallelism

section.

D d1 d 2 d3
dn
= Total length of parallelism.

Then we can write

d d d d
1 2 ........................... n
S S1 S2 Sn

The method of determining equivalent average separation for any parallelism

section is explained in Example IX. In Figure 5 values of 1 Sn for various
values of Sn have been given to facilitate quick calculation.

Example IX

In the case of Example I, survey of route reveals that separations, as given in

the adjacent Table, can be maintained in the different stretches of the
parallelism. Determine the induced voltage on the telecommunication circuits
if the soil resistivity of the region is 10,000 ohms/cm 3.

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 Length of Separating Distance
Sl. no. of
the between the Power
the
Section and Telecom Line Sn dn/Sn
Section
(dn) in Km (Sn) in Km
1 First 0.611 0.52 0.721 0.847
2 Next 0.644 1.003 1.001 0.643
3 Next 0.620 1.167 1.081 0.574
4 Next 0.828 1.370 1.170 0.707
5 Next 0.909 1.405 1.186 0.765
6 Next 0.885 1.222 1.106 0.800
7 Next 0.740 1.062 1.031 0.717
8 Next 0.724 0.921 0.961 0.753
9 Next 6.800 0.796 0.892 7.623
10 Next 3.830 0.776 0.881 4.347
11 Next 1.400 0.865 0.930 1.505
12 Next 1.167 0.986 0.994 1.174
13 Next 1.367 0.974 0.988 1.384
14 Next 1.407 0.883 0.941 1.495
15 Next 0.885 0.725 0.852 1.039
16 Next 5.510 0.684 0.827 6.660
17 Next 0.885 0.632 0.796 1.110
18 Next 0.885 0.532 0.730 1.211
19 Next 0.644 0.442 0.665 0.968
20 Next 2.350 0.442 0.665 3.534
21 Next 0.418 0.684 0.828 0.505
22 Next 0.442 0.958 0.980 0.451
23 Next 1.207 1.282 1.132 1.065
24 Next 0.644 1.679 1.295 0.497
25 Next 0.941 2.140 1.463 0.643
26 Next 1.167 2.770 1.665 0.700
27 Next 2.090 2.870 1.695 1.232
40.000 42.949

d = 40 Kms

d1 d
2 ........................... 42.429
S1 S2
40
Let S = Average separation, then 42.949
S

Therefore Average Separation, S = 0.866 Kms or 866 meters.

As the actual average separation is more than minimum safe separation (720
meters) vide example I, the induction is less than 430 volts.

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 Appendix II to Chapter IV
(Refer Para 5 in Part I)

MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISTIVITY

The soil resistivity at any place can be measured by means of Evershed Earth
Tester.

The earth tester has four terminals marked P1, P2, C1 & C2 and four similar
electrodes are driven into the ground at equal distances of 50 meters, in the region
where the soil resistivity is to be determined (should be driven at least 3 to 4 feet).
Let us designate these four electrodes as A, B, C and D. A and D (extreme
electrodes) should be connected to C1 and C2 of the meggar. The electrodes B and
C (the middle ones) should be connected to P1 and P2. By operating the meggar
handle continuously at a uniform speed, we can read the electrode resistance R on
the meggar scale. The soil resistivity is given by the equation

2aR
Where
= Soil resistivity in ohm/Cm.
R = Meggar reading in ohms.
A = Distance between two electrodes in Cms.

Note: (1) Generally, in Evershed earth meggars, the reading as obtained

on the meggar will have to be divided by 10 or 100, depending upon
the setting on the meggar.

(2) For further details Appendix II to Chapter VII may also be

referred.

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 Appendix III to Chapter IV

(Refer Paras 1 and 2 of Part 1 and First Para of Part II)

PLATES 1(a), 1(b), 2(a), 2(c) and 3(a) to 3(i)

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 CHAPTER V

Guidelines for Processing PTCC Cases of Power Lines

Up to and Including 132 KV

1.0 The Simplified Procedure for Co-ordination of Power lines up to and including
33 KV with Telecommunication lines detailed in Chapter IV is based on the
following assumptions:

(i). That the power lines would be essentially radial i.e., the source of
supply would be only at one end and

(ii). That an infinite bus could be considered at the nearest EHV sub-station
where the voltage level up to 33 KV is created, thus neglecting the
system impedance behind the EHV bus.

2.0 It will be clear that the above assumptions are not applicable in all cases.
Even now, instances of 33 KV DC lines, which are not covered by the
Simplified Procedure, are being referred to the Central PTCC. The following
paragraphs, therefore, deal with the methods which are to be adopted in order
to estimate the low frequency induced voltages from power lines up to and
including 132 KV, whether SC or DC, under Single-Line-to-Ground (SLG) fault
conditions, on the neighboring telecommunication lines.

3.0 Three aspects are involved in the estimation of the induction:

(i). Determination of the mutual coupling between the power and

telecommunication lines.

(ii). Determination of the effective fault current.

(iii). Determination of the induced voltage in the affected telecommunication

section.

4.0 The detailed procedure in respect of each of the items in Para 3.0 is given
below

4.1 Determination of the Mutual Coupling (MC) between the Power &
Telecommunication Lines

4.1.1 Appendix I to Chapter IV of the Simplified Procedure referred to in Para 1.0

above, has detailed a method for estimating the average separation between
the power and telecom lines in any section of parallelism, where actual
separation between them is not uniform. The method is applicable in any
general case. Once the average separation has been arrived at, the mutual
coupling between the two lines could be worked out on the basis of curves
showing the Separation Versus Mutual Impedance as in Plates 1 (A) to 1 (F)
given in Appendix IV to Chapter V.

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4.1.2 An illustration would explain the procedure. In Example IX of the Simplified
Procedure in Chapter IV, the average separation between the power and
telecom lines has been worked out as 866 meters. For a soil resistivity of
10,000 ohms/cm, the corresponding mutual impedance from Plate 1 (A)
would be 0.034 ohms/Km. The MC for a parallelism of 10 kms would then be
0.34 ohms.

4.1.3 Apart from the above, a graphical method is also available for the
determination of the mutual coupling. The parallelism, in this case, is
assumed to be made up of a large number of small sub-sections, in each of
which the separation between the power and telecom circuits could be
considered to be reasonably uniform.

4.1.4 At the beginning and end of each sub-section on the power line, vertical
ordinates are erected from which the separation distance to the telecom line
can be measured (Figure 1). The mutual impedance corresponding to these
points for the relevant soil resistivity value is obtained from the curves in
Plates 1 (A) to 1 (F). A curve is then drawn connecting the horizontal
distances along the power line and the MC at each point to suitable scale.
The mutual coupling for the section of parallelism involved is obtained by
measuring the area bounded by the curves with the help of a planimeter. The
actual coupling is calculated as follows:

MC = Area of the curve x Scale for distances along the horizontal axis
x Scale for mutual coupling at each point x Planimeter Constant.

N.B. = If the scale along the horizontal axis is 1=1 mile, the
factor of 1760/1000 should be used to multiply the MC. If the
scale is 1 cm = 0.5 kms, the factor is 500/1000 and so on).

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 Example

For a given case, if the scale (a) along the horizontal axis is 1 = 1 mile (b)
along the vertical axis is 1 = 0.02 and (c) the planimeter constant is 20, then
the

Mutual Coupling = Area of Curve x 1.76 x 0.02 x 20

= Area x 0.704

4.1.5 In the estimation of the mutual coupling between the power and telecom lines,
certain general factors as given in the following paragraph may be kept in
mind:
Consider a Telecommunication line AH; and a Power line XY as shown
in Figure 2. We shall consider only that part of the telecommunication line,
which lies inside the zone in question i.e. the length BH. The
telecommunication line, when approximated by a series of straight-line
section, may present a parallel section (DE), oblique approaches (BC, CD,
GH) or crossings (EFG). Each of the straight-line elements BC, CD, DE.. is
then projected on the power line at bc, cd, de. The electromotive force
induced in each of the lengths BC, CD, DE by the corresponding lengths, bc,
cd, de of the power line is calculated. The induced electromotive force is the
sum of all these partial electromotive forces.

A B D E
C

Power
h g Line
X a b c d e F Y

G
Figure 2 Telecom
H
Line

4.1.6 Method Proposed in CCITT Guide

Where the exposure between power and telecommunication lines is oblique, it

can be considered as a parallel section having a distance between lines
d d1d 2

Provided that 1/3 < d1/d2 < 3. If d1/d2 is outside these limits, the section MN is
divided into two sections MP and PN so that d1/d2 lie between 1/3 and 3.

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4.1.7 Crossings

For an approximate calculation, crossings can be disregarded when the angle

exceeds 450. When the crossing angle is less than 45 the crossing is treated
as a parallel section with a distance between lines of 6 meters. This empirical
method introduces a maximum error of 10 to 15 % in the mutual coupling.

An example for treating the crossing is illustrated in Figure 3. On the Section

MN of the telecom line, which crosses the power line, points M and N
situated 10 meters from the power line are defined.

N
N
10M
m
X n Y
10M

M
M Figure - 3

The section MM and NN are treated as oblique exposures. Section MN is

ignored if 450 section MN is treated as a parallel section with a distance
between lines as 6 meter if < 450.

Note: If the telecom line has a bend inside the zone 10 meters around the
electricity line, the crossing is considered as terminating at the level bend.

Notes:

(i) When the telecommunication line reverses its direction with respect to the
power line (section GH in Figure 2), the electromotive forces induced in such
sections are subtracted and must therefore be given a negative sign.

(ii) When the power line and the telecommunication lines converge as shown in
Figure 4, the projection must be made as shown in this figure. The length NM
is subjected both to the induction from the line XZ and that from the line ZY.
The electromotive forces induced in MM (by mZ) and in NN (by Zn) must
therefore be added.

(iii) When the power line and the telecommunication line diverge as shown in
Figure 5, the projection must be made as shown in that figure. It is seen that
the length PQ is not subjected to any induction and it is merely necessary to
add the electromotive forces induced in PP (by pZ) and in QQ (by Zq).

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 ZZ POWER LINE
m n
Y
X

M N M N
TELECOM
LINE

Note: The section NM is induced twice i.e. by XZ and ZY. The induced emf in MM & NN
are added.
Figure - 4

X Y
p q POWER LINE

P P Q Q TELECOM
LINE

Note: The section PQ is not counted. The induced emf PP & QQ are added

Figure - 5

4.2 Determination of the Effective SLG Fault Current

4.2.1 It is presumed that power engineers are generally familiar with the procedure
for the estimation of fault current at any required point on a transmission line.
The current is to be considered at the most unfavorable point in the exposure
as regard induction. The following paragraphs cover some of the important
points in regard to the determination of these currents.

4.2.2 The procedure outlined in the Simplified Procedure would be applicable for
radial or Single Circuit 33 KV lines, where an infinite bus could be considered
at the nearest EHV sub-station. For power lines, which do not, fall in the
above category the procedure is indicated in the subsequent paragraphs.

4.2.3 Consider that the line AB (Figure 6) is to be constructed and a telecom line is
paralleling it in the section CD. The line AB is such that there is feed at both
the ends A & B. The points C and D on the power line, through which
ordinates to the telecom line would pass, are to be considered for evaluation
of the SLG fault current. After these currents are estimated, it is necessary to
work out the contribution at C from B and D from A. The more severe of
these currents is to be considered for computation of the induced voltage.

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4.2.4 For the evaluation of the fault current, an SLG fault study of the system on the
digital computer or otherwise, considering the power system conditions which
give the maximum current at the fault, taking into account lines and power
stations, the construction of which has been approved, is required. From this
study, it would be possible to obtain the SLG fault current at any required
point. In this evaluation, a fault resistance of 20 ohms as permissible in the
CCITT directives can be considered for intermediate points on the line.

A B
C D
GRID GRID

C
Figure - 6

4.2.5 In case a complete study of the system as mentioned above is not available,
the necessary calculations have to be carried out by one of the following
alternatives:

(i) If the fault levels at the end buses are obtained from the fault study and
only the fault current at the intermediate points are not available
therein, it would be possible to work out the same by the method given
in Appendix I to Chapter V.

(ii) A judicious examination of the system will reveal the extent up to which
the same is to be considered in the estimation of fault levels in the
required line. This becomes necessary when the power system
network in itself is complex and manual reduction of the same is time
consuming and laborious. An infinite bus would then have to be
considered at one or two suitable points in the network and thereafter
the balance portion is reduced by star delta transformation. In some
cases, it would be evident that the power flow would only be (in one
direction) from a nearby source of generation and a radial line from the
same could be easily assumed. Illustrative examples are given in
Appendix II to Chapter V.

(iii) By way of facilitating the manual calculations of fault current, the main
principles are given in Appendix III to Chapter V.

4.2.6 After the estimation of the fault currents, curves showing the fault currents
flowing in from both sides of the fault are drawn. Figure 7 gives an example of
such a curve.

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 It can be seen from this figure that, in the case of the exposure AB, the least
favorable point will be B with the inducing current coming from end x and in
the case of exposure CD, the most unfavorable point will be C with the
inducing current being from end Y.

4.2.7 Evaluation of Screening Factor

The Screening factor (k) takes into account the screening action of all earthed
conductors in the immediate vicinity of both the inducing line and the affected
telecommunication circuits (earth wire, rails etc) and in the case of power and/
or telecom cables, of the screening action of the sheath.

In regard to nearby conductors, their screening action is effective only if their

resistance is low; and are well earthed at least at both their ends and if they
are close to the inducing circuit or the circuit affected by induction (generally
less than 10 meters). Soil resistivity has also some effect on the screening
factor. Although the exact screening factor could be evaluated by detailed
calculations or by field tests, the order of magnitude is given in Table-1.

Magnetic armoring over the Lead or Aluminum sheaths can greatly improve
the screening efficiency although the effectiveness is reduced at both high
and low values of flux density. The overall screening factor is obtained as a
product of the individual values for the power and telecom lines.

4.3 Determination of the Induced Voltages in the Affected Telecom Section

After having determined the mutual coupling between the power and telecom
lines, the effective SLG fault current and knowing the screening factor, the
induced voltage in any telecom section is obtained as a product of these
figures.
Table 1
Earth-wires on Power Lines

GS Earth wire 0.95

ACSR Conductor 0.70

Power Cables
With Lead Sheath With Aluminum Sheath
30 to 70 KV Cable 240 mm2 0.20 to 0.40 0.100 to 0.200
110 to 150 KV Cable 240 mm2 0.15 to 0.30 0.075 to 0.160

Telecom Cables
With Lead Sheath With Aluminum Sheath
Diameter 20 mm 0.85 to 0.95 0.20 to 0.60
Diameter 40 mm 0.60 to 0.85 0.10 to 0.40

Other Screening Factors

Railway Lines: One or two tracks 0.80

Railway Lines: Three or more tracks 0.70
Large Stations 0.60

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 Appendix I to Chapter V
[Refer Para 4.2.5 (i)]

Procedure to Calculate Fault Currents At

Intermediate Points between Buses from Level Studies

Positive and zero sequence impedances of the line A-B under examination can be
calculated from the data supplied with the case referred. By successive reduction of
the network, it reduces to the form shown in Figure 8. The values of the impedances
X1, X2 and X3 are to be determined. The fault study will give fault levels at buses A
& B and the contribution of current through the line under examination.

Figure 8

For fault at bus A, the following data is available for the study,

IA = Total fault current

Ia = Fault current through the line A-B.
I1 = IA Ia = Fault current through other lines and transformers etc., connected to the
bus A.
A = Impedance of the line A-B

The fault impedance ZA at bus A, which includes the impedance of the line A-B also
could then be determined.

Similarly, for fault at bus B,

IB = Total fault current.

Ib = Fault current through A-B.

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I2 = IB-Ib = Fault current through other lines and transformers etc, connected to the
bus B.

ZB = Fault impedance at bus B including that of line A-B.

Then,
X1 X 2 a
(i) ZA X3 [As X1 & (X2+a) are in parallel for fault at A].
X1 X 2 a

X 2 X1 a
(ii) ZB X 3 [As X2 & (X1+a) are in parallel for fault at B].
X1 X 2 a

X1
(iii) Ia for fault at A
X1 X 2 a

X2
(iv) I b for fault at B
X1 X 2 a

By solving equation (iii) & (iv)

Ia IB
X1 a
I1I2 Ia Ib
IA Ib
X2 a
I1I2 Ia Ib
Substituting the values of X1 and X2 in (i) or (ii)

I1Ia I B
X 3 ZA a
I A I1I2 Ia I b

I1
ZA X1
IA
I2 Ib IA
or X 3 ZB a
I B I1I 2 Ia I b

I2
ZB X2
IB

From the single line-to-ground fault study, it is possible to determine the total
impedance 2Z1+Zo at each bus. By deducting 2Z1 obtained from the three-phase
short circuit study, the zero sequence impedance at each bus could be obtained.
Proceeding on the same lines, it is possible to find out the zero sequence values for
the arms X1, X2 and X3.

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Once these values are obtained, it is possible to work out the required values at any
required point, taking the fault resistances also into account.

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 Appendix III to Chapter V
[Refer Para 4.2.5 (iii)]

Computation of Fault Currents

1.0 Following procedure for computation of fault currents is adopted:

(i) The single line diagram of the system for the relevant portion of the power
system network is drawn assuming infinite generation at a convenient bus, if
necessary.

(ii) The positive and zero sequence impedances are calculated for all the
generators, transformers and transmission lines to a base of 100 MVA (for
generators, transient reactance is taken).

(iii) The positive and zero sequence networks are drawn including the positive
and zero sequence impendence.

(iv) Each network is reduced to a form most convenient to work out the fault
currents by star delta conversions and finally reducing the network to the form
shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11

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1.1 For Single Circuit Lines

When, considering the fault at point (a), the impedance will be given by

X1 nx X 2 l n x
X a X3
X1 X 2 lx

Where X is impedance/mile or impedance/Km of the line

l is length of the line in miles or Kms.
n is distance of the fault from bus A in miles or Kms.

The network is reduced to the form shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12

The fault at all the intermediate points of the line is assumed to have a
resistance of 20 ohms as per CCITT recommendations.

20
PU value of fault resistance R F
Base Ohms

20 100
Percentage value R F
Base Ohms

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 Base Voltage in KV
2

Where Base ohm

Base MVA

To account for this resistance in zero sequences network, it is

necessary to add 3RF to the zero sequence networks. Therefore, the
total zero sequences impedance will be:

3 20 100
Z0 3R F Z0
Base ohms
uuuuuuuuuuur
uur uuuuuuuuuuuuuuur 6000
Total fault impedance ZT Z1 Z2 Z0
Base ohms
uuuuuuuuuuuuuur
ur uuuuuuuuuuur 6000
Since Z1 Z2 , Z 2Z1 Z0
Base ohms

2
6000
2Z1 Z0
2
ZT
Base ohms

3 Base Amps 100

Fault current I F
ZT

1.2 For Double circuit Lines

This study requires knowledge of effective positive sequence and zero

sequence impedance of the grid corresponding to the point of fault on
one of the circuits of the DC line including the mutual impedance of the
two circuits. This can be obtained by suitably representing the
concerned double circuit line and the positive or zero sequence
network of the grid.

1.2.1 Positive Sequence Network

The representation of a double circuit line in positive sequence network is as

shown in Figure 13

Figure 13

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1.2.2 Zero Sequence Network

The effective impedance of any double circuit line comprises two components
viz self-impedance per circuit plus mutual impedance due to the second
circuit. The mutual impedance is represented by Zm and can be known from
standard tables. Another factor required is K which is the difference of self-
impedance and mutual impedance and can also be obtained from standard
tables. The representation of the line in zero sequence networks is given in
Figure 14.

Figure 14

For knowing the total fault current, it is preferable to reduce the delta formed
by impedance (X2 + nZm), IK and X 3 + (l n) Zm into equivalent star as
shown in Figure 15.

X1y, X2y, X3y are the impedance of the equivalent star

Now Z0 X1 X1y
X 2y nK X 3y l n K
X 2 y X 3y IK

Now Z = Z1 + Z2 + Z0

= 2Z1 + Z0

Z ZFR
2 2
ZT

3 Base Amps 100

IF
ZT

IA IF
X 3y l n K
X 2y X 3y IK

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 and I B IF
X 2y nK
X 2 y X 3y IK

For knowing the effective fault current for the section PQ of the line involved in
parallelism with the telecommunication line shown in Figure 16, it is necessary
to know the current contributions from buses A and B under fault conditions at
points P and Q. For the fault at point P, only the current from bus B flows
through the section PQ and for the fault at Q current from bus A flows through
PQ. The effective current will be higher of these currents flowing through PQ

Figure 15 (a)

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.

Figure 15 (b)

Figure 15 (c)

P Q
A B

Figure 16

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 Annexure I to Appendix III of Chapter V

A Summary of Important Formulae and Values Used in

Fault Current Calculations

BASE: 100 MVA

Base
Base Base
Voltage
Amps Ohms
in KV
400 144.3 1600.00
230 251.0 529.00
220 262.4 484.00
132 437.4 174.20
110 524.9 121.00
66 874.8 43.56
33 1750.0 10.89
22 2624.0 4.84
11 5249.0 1.21

Per Unit Quantities

Base KVA
(i) Base current in Amps. =
3 Base Voltage in KV

Base voltage in KV 3
2
1000
(ii) Base impedance
Base KVA 3

Base voltage in KV
2
1000

Base KVA

Base voltage in KV
2

Base MVA

Actual impedance in ohms

(iii) Per unit impedance
Base impedance in ohms

Actual impedance in ohms Base KVA

Base voltage in KV
2
1000

(iv) For changing per unit impedance on a given base to per unit impedance on a
new base, the following equation is used.

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 2
Base KV given Base KVA new
Per unit Z new Per unit Z given Base KVA given
Base KV new

(v) Short circuit MVA 3 nominal KV ISC 10

3

(vi) Impedance Z
nominal KV / 3 1000 ohm
ISC

nominal KV
2

Z ohm
Short circuit MVA

Converting to per unit value:

nominal KV
2
Base MVA
Z per unit
Base KV
2
Short circuit MVA
Base MVA
per unit
Short circuit MVA
I
base per unit
ISC
I
base 100%
ISC

I base
(vii) ISC 100
Z%

(viii) For single line to ground faults, the neutral current is 3 times the phase
current.

3 I base 100
Isc for SLG faults Amps
Z%

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 Annexure II to Appendix III (Chapter V)

STAR DELTA TRANSFORMATION

Figure 17

Star Delta Conversion Delta Star Conversion

Za Z b Zb Zc Zc Za Zab Zca
Zab Za
Zc Zab Zbc Zca

Za Z b Z b Zc Zc Z a Zab Zbc
Zbc Zb
Za Zab Zbc Zca

Za Z b Z b Zc Zc Z a Zca Zbc
Zca Zc
Zb Zab Zbc Zca

Appendix IV to Chapter V

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 (Refer Para 4.1/1)
PLATES 1(A) to 1(F)

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 CHAPTER VI
Code of Practice for the Protection of Telecommunication Lines at
Crossings with Overhead Power Lines Other than Electric Traction Circuits

1.0 Introduction

1.1 The possibility of damage to telecommunication apparatus and injury to

personnel due to accidental contacts between electric supply lines and
telecommunication lines is an important consideration necessitating proper
protective arrangements. Such contacts between power and
telecommunication lines may result from falling tree limbs, improper sag of
conductors, damaging acts by the public, structural failures, poor
maintenance, wind storms and conductor failures due to lightning stroke, etc.
Therefore, crossing of the power and telecommunication lines requires some
consideration as they would be in the close proximity in such situations. The
objective of this Code is to set out measures to be adopted at crossings to
avoid or reduce danger to personnel and telecommunication lines.

Rule 87 of the Indian Electricity Rules should be observed in respect of

crossing of power and telecommunication lines.

1.2 While the arrangements described in this Code are expected to offer a high
degree of protection at reasonable cost, it is always advisable to route all
future power and telecommunication lines so as to keep the number of
crossings to the minimum possible under the circumstances.

1.3 All new constructions at crossing locations shall conform to the practices laid
down in this Code. The existing arrangements at crossing need not be
dismantled but should continue to be maintained till due for replacement.

1.4 Crossing situation no specifically covered by this Code should be referred to

the PTCC for decision.

1.5 The principle that is followed by the PTCC in regard to the liability towards the
cost of structural arrangements and the installation of necessary protective
apparatus, etc has been that it should fall on the party who enters the field at
a late date, irrespective of whether such work is carried out on the power or
communication line. This is in conformity with the Indian Electricity Rules.

2.0 Classification of Power Lines

For the purposes of this Code, power lines are classified as below:

(i) Low and medium voltage distribution and service lines (voltage not
exceeding 650 volts between phases).

(ii) High voltage lines, Category I (voltage exceeding 650 volts, but not
exceeding 12 KV between phases).

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 (iii) High voltage lines, Category II (voltage exceeding 12 KV but not
exceeding 36 KV between phases).

(iv) Extra high voltage lines (voltage exceeding 36 KV between phases)

Note: Lines with voltages of 36 KV (between phases) and below also come
within Category (iv) provided they comply with the usual standards of
construction and operation adopted for lines with voltage of 72.5 KV
(between phases) and above. Such cases shall be referred to PTCC.

3.0 Crossings between Power and Telecommunication Lines

3.1 Disposition of Power and Telecommunication Wires

Except in the case of electric traction circuits, which are not covered by this
Code, the power lines shall crossover the telecommunication lines.

Note 1: This arrangement is advantageous as power wires are generally of a

heavier gauge than telecommunication wires and hence have a lesser
possibility of breakage. Further, as telecommunication lines generally
required more frequent attention for maintenance operation and are
subjected to frequent reconstructions, it would be convenient and
would afford greater safety in working, if they are taken below the
power lines.

Note 2: In unusual situation where it is considered that the most appropriate

method will be to take the telecommunication line above the power
line, the specific approval for each case shall be obtained from the
competent authority responsible for the telecommunication system.

3.2 Angle of Crossing

The angle of crossing shall be as nearly a right angle as possible.

Note 1: If the angle of crossing were small, it would increase the context of
dangerous proximity of the telecommunication lines with the power
lines, as a result of the possible whipping action of the broken power
conductors.

Note 2: In exceptionally difficult situations, when the angle has to be below 60

degree, the matter should be reported to the competent authority in-
charge of the telecommunication system, which shall, if considered
necessary, refer it to the PTCC for technical advice.

3.3 Clearance

Specific clearances to be provided between power lines, telecommunication

lines, earth wire and earthed structures are indicated for each type of crossing
under Paragraphs 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 9.0.

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3.4 Crossings over Telecommunication Lines

Joints and other mechanical discontinuities should, as far as practicable, be

avoided in the crossing and adjacent spans and at associated supports. If it is
impracticable to avoid such joints, etc they should be of such a type and so
made as to have strength substantially equal to that of the conductor in which
they are placed.

Note: Clearances between telecommunication and power wires have an

important bearing on the safety of persons working on the
telecommunication lines and on the prevention of accidental contacts
between telecommunication and power wires. It is essential therefore,
to provide clearances as specified in this Code.

4.0 Joint Use of Poles at Crossing Locations

4.1 In all new constructions, whether of power lines or telecommunication lines,

the possibility (except in cases of unusual difficulty) of joint use of poles for
crossings between telecommunication lines and (a) low and medium voltage
distribution and service lines and (b) high voltage lines, Category I, should be
investigated and adopted.

Note 1: From the point of view of safety and structural considerations, the
use of a common pole to support both the power lines and
telecommunication lines for the crossings is an advantageous
proposition.

Note 2: Where it becomes impracticable to adopt joint use of pole, the

arrangements given in Para 6.0 or 7.0 shall be adopted, as the case
may be.

4.2 The design strength and other mechanical features of the common support
and fittings shall be in accordance with the standards and requirements of the
Power supply authority or the Telecommunication authority whichever is more
rigorous.

4.3 Adequate clearance shall be provided on the common pole to enable

employees of either party to carry out maintenance work on their respective
lines. The clearance provided on the jointly used pole shall not be less than
the figures given in Table 1.

Note: Neutral wires on the power alignment shall be treated as power

conductors for the purpose of this rule, in the case of multiple
earthed neutrals that are not carried on insulators.

4.4 When the power lines carried on the jointly used pole are high voltage lines of
voltage to earth 3,000 volts and over, power contact protectors (See Appendix
I) shall be installed at the crossing on all the exposed wires generally
occupying the top bracket of the telecommunication line.

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4.5 In order to minimize the maintenance work a jointly used pole shall be used
only for supporting the two crossing alignments. No apparatus or equipment
such as switches, fuses, junctions boxes etc shall be mounted on such a pole
and no lines shall tee-off from it. There is however, no objection to the
installation on the pole of protectors or arrestors for the protection of
telecommunication wires.

5.0 Guards

5.1 Guarding arrangements shall always be provided as and where prescribed in

this Code.

5.2 Guarding arrangements will, ordinarily, be carried out by the owner of the pole
on which they are to be made. The owner will also be responsible for their
efficient maintenance, the cost being met as indicated in Para 1.5.

5.3 Every guard shall be properly earthed at the terminal supports.

5.4 Guard wires shall have a breaking load of not less than 635 Kg (1400 lbs) and
if made of iron or steel shall be galvanized. Every guard wire or cross-
connected system of guard wires shall have sufficient current carrying
capacity to avoid the risk of their fusing on coming into contact with any live
power wire.

5.5 For the purpose of ensuring that any live wire coming in contact with the
guard wires is rendered dead the net resistance to earth of the guard shall be
low enough to give rise to an earth fault current of a magnitude which is at
least twice the minimum required to operate the protective system on the
power circuit.

Table-1
Ref. para 4.0 (joint use of poles at crossings) Subpara 4.3

High
voltage
Lines
Low and High Voltage
above
Medium lines up to and
Location 7.2 KV
Voltage including 7.2
and up to
Lines KV
and
including
12 KV
Minimum vertical
clearance between the 1220mm 1380mm 1980mm
bottom most power cross- (40 ) (46) (66)
arm and fittings and the
topmost communication
cross-arm and fittings.

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 Minimum vertical
clearance between power 1380mm 1525mm 2130mm
and communication wires (46) (50) (70)
at the pole.
Minimum vertical
clearance between 1070mm 1070mm 1070mm
communication wires and (36) (36) (36)
ground wire on the power
line.

6.0 Crossings With Low And Medium Voltage Distribution and Service Lines

6.1 Where joint use of poles as laid down in Para 4.0 is not feasible, either of the
two methods of crossing recommended below shall be adopted:

(a) Insulated weatherproof wires carried on effectively earthed steel bearer

wires may be used for the power lines. The minimum factor of safety
for the bearer wires shall be 2.5 based on the ultimate strength of the
wire. The vertical clearance from the insulated wires to the telephone
wires shall not be less than 760 mm (26). Where this clearance
cannot be maintained, PVC sleeving shall be provided on the
telecommunication wires. In such cases the vertical clearance between
the two lines shall not be less than 30 cms.

(b) Where bare wire is used for the power line, a guard shall be provided
between the telecom line and power line as indicated in Figure 1 & 2,
as the case may be. The guard shall be fixed either to the power line
supports or to the telecom line supports.

6.2 Guards on Power Line Supports

The minimum vertical clearance between the guard wires and the
telecommunication wires shall be 915 mm (3 ft). The guard shall be so
arranged that lines drawn upwards from its outermost wires towards the
center, at an angle of 45 degree to the vertical, will totally enclose the power
wires as shown in Figure 1 (b). Cross lacing shall also be provided so as to
cover a distance of at least 1830 mm (6 feet) on either side beyond the outer
most crossing points of the wires of the telecommunication lines as shown in
Figure 1 (a).

6.3 Guards on Telecommunication Line Supports

The minimum clearance between the power wires (including neutral wires of
the power circuit) and the telecom wires shall be 1220 mm (4 feet) as shown
in Figure 2 (a). In case the lowest wire on the power line is a ground wire, the
minimum separation between the ground wire and the guard shall be 610 mm
(2 feet). The minimum clearance between the guard wires and the

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 telecommunication wires shall be 610 mm (2 feet). Cross lacings shall be
provided as shown in Figure 2 (b).

7.0 Crossing With High Voltage Lines, Category-I

Where joint use of poles as laid down under Para 4.0 is not feasible, the
arrangement in Para 8.0 shall be adopted.

8.0 Crossings With High Voltage Lines, Category-II

8.1 For the crossing span, the telecommunication alignment shall be taken close
to the power pole to obtain increased vertical clearance between wires.

8.2 A light cantilever framework shall be fixed to the power support as indicated in
Figure 3 (a) and 3 (b). The framework will be designed for each case
depending upon the type of support used for the power line and the type of
brackets on the telecommunication line.

8.3 In deciding the structural details for these crossing, provisions should be
made for the possible erection of additional wires on the telecommunication
line to meet future requirements. The clearances both horizontal and vertical,
and between wires and supports shall conform to the standards shown in
Figure 3 (a) and 3 (b).

8.4 In those cases where the poles of either of the lines cannot be or are not
located near the crossing location cradle guards on the power line shall be
provided, the arrangement being similar to that in Para 6.2, but with
clearances indicated in Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b).

8.5 Power contact protectors shall be installed on all the exposed wires generally
carried on the topmost bracket by the telecommunication supports.

Note: The technical details of power contact protectors are described in the
Appendix I to Chapter VI.

9.0 Crossing With Extra High Voltage Lines

9.1 No guarding arrangements are considered necessary in such cases.

9.2 The telecommunication line shall cross the power line as close to the power
line supports as practicable.

9.3 The minimum clearances between the power wires and telecommunication
wires shall be:

For lines of voltage above 36 KV

up to and including 72.5 KV: 2440 mm (80)

For lines of voltage above 72.5 KV

up to and including 145 KV: 2740 mm (90)

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 For lines of voltage above 145 KV
up to and including 245 KV: 3050 mm (100)

For lines of voltage above 245 KV: 3050 mm (10 feet)

Plus 305 mm
(1 foot) for every additional
33 KV or part thereof

10.0 Crossing With Power Lines Having Telecommunication Wires On The

Line Supports Below The Power Line

10.1 Crossing should be so arranged that the telecommunication line passes close
to a power pole to obtain increased vertical clearance between the wires of
the two alignments.

10.2 A guard shall be provided both on the power supports as well as on

telecommunication line, as per arrangements indicated in Figures 4 (a) and 4
(b).

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 Appendix I to Chapter VI
(Refer Paras 4.4. and 8.5)

Power Contact Protectors

1. Operation

Power contact protectors (see Figure 5) are air gap arrestors connected
between overhead telecommunication wires and ground. The arrester gaps
are designed to breakdown at a voltage of 3,000 volts to possess a high
current carrying capacity.

When wires of a telecommunication line on which these protectors are

installed come in contact with a power wire of voltage to ground exceeding
3,000 volts, the protector gaps breakdown and provide a low impedance path
to the power system fault current. Rapid de-energization of the power supply
circuit, in the event of a power contact with the wires of the telecommunication
line is thus rendered possible.

2. Installation

Power contact protectors shall be provided on exposed telecommunication

lines involved in crossing with HT power lines referred to in Paras 4.4. and 8.5
of the Code. These protectors should be installed at the pole nearest to the
crossing point on the exposed wires (i.e. all the wires carried on the top most
bracket) of the telecommunication line.

3. Earthing of Power Contact Protectors

To ensure maximum possible protection to the telecommunication line, the

protector earth resistance shall be as possible a figure of ten ohms or lower,
as recommended for this purpose and it is very essential that the protector
earth resistance should be periodically checked and maintained within this
value, as far as possible.

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 LINE

Carbon blocks or
Mettalic Electrodes

POWER CONTACT PROTECTOR

Figure 5

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 CHAPTER VII
Low Frequency Induction Test

1.0 Introduction

The induced voltage on a telecommunication line during an earth fault on the

power line is given by the expression:

V=MxI

Where V is induced voltage in Volts,

I is Earth Fault Current in Amps and
M is Mutual Coupling in Ohms between Power line and telecom line

The value of Mutual Coupling (MC) depends upon the distance between the
power and telecom lines, the length of parallelism, the fundamental frequency
of the power supply and the soil resistivity of that area. The mutual coupling
between paralleling power and telecom lines is theoretically calculated or
computed with the help of Carsons Curves. There is always an amount of
uncertainly in the theoretically computed values of MC on account of
unreliability in soil resistivity data collected and unawareness of possible
effective screening offered by various metallic conductors in the vicinity.

In order to arrive at a more accurate value of MC, Low Frequency (LF)

Induction test may be conducted by injecting 50 Hz low value earth currents in
the power line and measuring the corresponding values of induced voltages
on the paralleling telecom line. However, owing to the huge costs involved in
making arrangements and conducting such test, it may be considered when
there is any ambiguity in either the soil resistivity values or effective screening
factors considered in theoretical calculations or variance in actual positions of
telecom or power lines from the marking on the maps and the induced
voltages calculated on paralleling telecom lines happen to be very high
necessitating re-engineering of either power or telecom lines.

2.0 Procedure

The Low frequency Induction test procedure may be divided into three parts
as under.

(i) Preparation for the test.

(ii) Conduction of the test.

(iii) Interpretation of test results

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2.1 Preparation for the Test

2.1.1 General

DET (PTCC) of the region and the SDE (PTCC) of T&D Circle at the Telecom
Circle Headquarters may do overall co-ordination with different agencies
involved such as Power, Telecom, Railways, Defense etc in preparation for
the test. Either a meeting among the representatives of the different agencies
should be separately convened or in any State Level PTCC meeting the

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 tentative date/period for the LF Induction test should be decided and intimated
to all concerned.

2.1.2 Telecom Lines

The telecom lines involved in parallelism with the power lines on which testing
is proposed should be got tested thoroughly and if there is any high resistance
or low insulation fault, the same should be got removed by the Telecom
authority in-charge of these lines. A certificate to the effect that the involved
telecom lines are in good condition and the line resistances are within
prescribed limits should be given by the Telecom Authority accordingly to the
concerned SDE (PTCC)/ DET (PTCC) before the due date of testing.

2.1.3 Power Lines

The Power authority in-charge of the involved power line should also get the
power line tested so as to ensure that it is free from low insulation and other
faults and a certificate to that effect accordingly should be given to SDE
(PTCC)/ DET (PTCC) before the due date of testing.

2.1.4 Soil Resistivity

SDE (PTCC)/ DET (PTCC) should arrange for a joint measurement of soil
resistivity along the proposed power line at three or four test location so as to
verify the data considered in theoretical calculations. In case of large
variations in practically measured values from theoretically considered values,
the soil resistivity should be got re-measured for every 2 to 3 kms to arrive at
the actual value of soil resistivity. Procedure for measurement of soil resistivity
is detailed in Appendix II to Chapter VII.

The soil resistivity data, thus obtained would be useful in analyzing the large
variations, if any, in the induced voltage values arrived at by LF induction test
from those calculated theoretically.

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2.1.5 Instruments

Following is the list of important instruments to be checked and kept ready for
testing by the concerned Power and Telecom authorities.

(i) Suitable transformers for injecting current in power line.

Autotransformer is preferred.

(ii) Ammeters along with current transformer, if required, to cover the

range for the experiment.

(iii) Voltmeters preferably digital type along with suitable rotary switch and
connecting wires for connecting to telecom lines and earth.

(iv) Suitable connecting wires for connecting power lines to the transformer
and through rotary switch and ammeter to earth.

2.1.6 Other Arrangements

Effective earthing for the power and telecom lines should be got prepared and
kept ready before the testing. The testing locations should be identified and
arrangements for inter-communication facility between testing parties and
transportation of men & material should be arranged by the concerned Power
& Telecom authorities.

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3.0 Conduction of the L.F Test

3.1 Theory

For conduction of LF test the test set-up as shown in Figure 1 may be used.
The arrangement enables injection of currents up to 25 Amps, 400 V on the
power line, the far end of which is earthed after bunching all the three
conductors together. The isolating transformer is to segregate the earthing
current on the line under test from affecting the power supply.

In case, with the above test set-up it is not possible to drive even 8 Amps of
current over and above the minimum current required to overcome the stray
voltage, the test set-up as shown in Figure 2 may be used. Here a special
transformer, with 415 V winding on primary side and the secondary side
having various tapings from 50 to 800 V in steps of 50V with a current driving
capacity of 40 Amps, is used. The secondary voltage is impressed on the
particular power line under test after bunching all the three phases. At the
other end the three phases are bunched and earthed.

3.1.1 For earthing either the grid mat of the sub-station is used or a separate earth
is prepared by driving a set of 3 numbers of 2.6M standard earth electrodes
forming an equilateral triangle of 8 ft into the earth. Tower earth should not be
used for this purpose. A similar earthing arrangement is made for the
communication line under test. Measurements either limb to earth, on
paralleling telecom line, whose remote end is also earthed, are made by a
voltmeter as shown in Figure 3.

3.1.2 The mutual coupling can be derived from the relation V= M x I where M is
constant for a given telecom circuit, the relationship between V and I has to
be a straight line. The slope of the straight line, i.e. V/ I gives the value of M.

3.2 Detailed Procedure

3.2.1 One end of the power line with one or more phases bunched is to be
connected to the earth and the other end may be connected in series with an
ammeter to a suitable transformer for injecting the current.

3.2.2 Each wire of the telecom line should be isolated and one end may be
connected to the earth. The other end is the testing end, where each limb may
be connected through a suitable rotary switch to the voltmeter and earthed.

3.2.3 To overcome the effect of stray voltages due to other power lines in the
vicinity, Central PTCC has recommended successive in feed from 3 phase
line in its meeting held on 24.2.1982. It will enable more number of readings
to be taken. Current may, therefore, be injected in the power line successively
from three different phases RY, YB and BR and the corresponding induced
voltages in each limb of the telecom lines may be measured by means of
rotary switch and voltmeter. It is preferable to have 10 to 12 reading in
between the minimum and maximum current which it may be possible to
inject. No test will be valid if the number of readings taken is less than 8

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 (including Zero current reading). The amount of current injected in the power
line should be sufficient to overcome the static voltages already existing on
the telecom line due to the presence of any other power lines in the vicinity.
Feeding current should be 0 to 30A but in no case it is less than 8A over and
above the minimum current required to overcome the stray voltages. If
necessary, the length of power line under test may be suitably restricted to the
extent of length of parallelism for this purpose. If the static voltages on
paralleling telecom line continue to be high and there happens to be limitation
as regards the current being fed on power line, shutting down of the other
effecting power lines in the vicinity may be considered.

3.2.4 Induced voltage should generally increase with the increase in injecting
current. In case where the induced voltage decreases with the increase in the
injecting current, which may be due to the effect of other sources in the
vicinity, it is suggested that the observation in such cases should be repeated.

3.0 Interpretation of Test Results

4.1 The respective current and corresponding induced voltage readings on each
limb of telecom line for each phase are noted and tabulated. Average of
induced voltage readings of both limbs is calculated for each telecom line.
Actual Induced Voltage is arrived at as follows:

V12 V22 V32

Actual Induced Voltage Y V02
3

Where V0 is induced voltage measured without injecting any current in

power line.

V1,V2 & V3 are induced voltages measured with current injected

successively in power line from RY,YB and BR phases.

Alternatively the direction of current flow may be reversed (Reversal of

Current
Flow method) to overcome the stray voltages in which case the Actual
Induced Voltage is given by:

V12 V22
Actual Induced Voltage Y V02
2

Where V0 is induced voltage measured without injecting any current in

power line

V1 is the induced voltage measured with current injected

successively
in one direction and

V2 the induced voltage measured with injected current reversed by

180 degree.

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4.2 Theoretically, the relationship between the inducing current & the induced
voltage should be a straight line as explained in 3.1.2 above. However, due to
possible experimental errors such as inaccuracies in the meters, imperfect
earthing etc, such an ideal curve is hardly achieved in practice. Recourse is,
therefore, taken to the best curve fitting method, whereby the nearest ideal
straight line of the form y = mx + c is evolved. In this equation m would give
the slope of the straight line, which in this case would be the mutual coupling
value.

The term best fit is interpreted in accordance with Legenders Principle of

Least Square which consists in minimizing the sum of the Squares of the
deviations of the actual values given by the line of best fit.
Considering the fitting of a straight line

y = mx + c . (1)

to a set of n points (xi, yi), where i = 1,2..n, the equation (1)

represents a family of straight lines for different values of the arbitrary
constants m and c. The value of m and c should be determined so that
the equation (1) can be the line of best fit.

Let Pi (Xi, Yi) be any general point in the scatter diagram shown in
Figure 4. PiA is drawn perpendicular to X-axis meeting the line (1) in H i.
Abscessa of Hi is xi and since HI lies on (1) its ordinate is (mxi+c).
Hence the co-ordinates of Hi are (xi, mxi+c).

PiHi = PiA HiA

= yi (mxi+c)

is called the error of estimate or the residual for yi. According to the
principle of least square the values of m and c are to be determined so
that

n n 2

E Pi H i yi mx i c is minimum
2

i 1 i 1

From the principle of maxima and minima the partial derivation of E

with reference to m and c should vanish separately, i.e.,

n
dE
0 2 yi mx i c and
dc i 1

n
dE
0 2 yi mx i c
dm i 1

n n

y
i 1
i nc m x i
i 1

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 or y nc m x ...
(2)

n n n

x i yi c x i m x i2
i 1 i 1 i 1

or xy c x m x
2

. ( 3 )

From equation (2)

c
y m x ..
n
. ( 4 )

Substituting value of c in equation (3):

xy n x m x
y m x 2

x y m x mn x 2
2

n
Thus,
n xy x y
m . ( 5 )
n x2 x
2

From n number of observations for current injected in the power line xi Amps
and corresponding induced voltages observed on the telecom line yi Volts all
the quantities x, x, y and xy can be obtained and hence the value m
can be calculated.

4.3 Due to the random nature of the actual curve obtained in practice, it has also
been agreed in the PTCC that a statistical analysis of the results should be
undertaken to establish the variation of the actual value of the result assuming
student t distribution and 90% confidence level. The later means that the
result then obtained would be the correct value 90% of the time. Statistical
table showing student t distribution is given at Appendix I to Chapter VII. For
a number of readings, degree of freedom to be considered is n-2 and the
value of t for 90% confidence is given in Table at Appendix I to Chapter VII.
The mutual coupling arrived at should be corrected for 90% confidence as
shown below:

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 From Equation 5:

Mutual Coupling (MC) m t n 2

y 2
c y m xy

n
n2 n x 2 x
2

(for 90% confidence )

5.0 Example

Name of power line: 132 KV D/C Jassore to Dehra

Name of telecom line: Narpur Rehan
LF induction test was conducted and the readings as shown in Table 1 have
been recorded.

From Table 1 various quantities are calculated as given in Table 2.

Average of induced voltage readings with 0 Amps current

2.6 1.15 1.1 1.1

V0 1.48V
4

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 Table 1

Induced Voltage
Average
Feeding in Volts
Induced
Phase Sl. No. Current
Voltage
In Amps. Limb-1 Limb-2
in Volts
YB 1 0 2.5 2.7 2.6
2 4 2.6 2.7 2.65
3 8 3.6 3.7 3.65
4 9.6 4.5 4.6 4.55
5 11.2 5.4 5.4 5.4
6 12.8 6.2 6.2 6.2
7 14.4 6.7 6.7 6.7
8 15.2 6.8 6.8 6.8
9 16.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
RY 1 0 1.2 1.1 1.15
2 4 3.6 3.6 3.6
3 8 3.9 3.9 3.9
4 9.6 5.0 5.0 5.0
5 11.2 5.9 5.9 5.9
6 12.8 6.6 6.6 6.6
7 14.4 7.2 7.2 7.2
8 15.2 7.6 7.6 7.6
9 16.0 7.6 7.6 7.6
B 1 0 1.1 1.1 1.1
R 2 4 4.1 4.1 4.1
3 8 5.1 5.1 5.1
4 9.6 5.9 5.9 5.9
5 11.2 6.7 6.7 6.7
6 12.8 7.6 7.6 7.6
7 14.4 8.1 8.2 8.15
8 15.2 8.2 8.3 8.25
9 16.0 8.5 8.5 8.5
1 0 1.1 1.1 1.1

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 Table 2

Injecting Induced Voltage V12 V22 V32

Current In Volts Y V02 xy x y
2
in
Amps. YB RY BR
(x) (V1) (V2) (V3)
0 - - - 1.48 0.00 0.00 2.19
2.6 4.1
4 5 3.6 0 3.17 12.68 16.0 10.05
3.6 5.1
8 5 3.9 0 3.99 31.92 64.0 15.92
4.5 5.9
9.6 5 5.0 0 4.96 47.62 92.2 24.60
5.4 6.7
11.2 0 5.9 0 5.84 65.41 125.4 34.11
6.2 7.6
12.8 0 6.6 0 6.66 85.25 163.8 44.35
6.7 8.1
14.4 0 7.2 5 7.22 104.0 207.4 52.13
6.8 8.2
15.2 0 7.6 5 7.43 112.9 231.0 55.21
7.0 8.5
16.0 0 7.6 0 7.58 121.3 256.0 57.46

From Table 2 Column 1 x = 91.2

From Table 2 Column 5 y = 48.33
From Table 2 Column 6 xy = 581.07
From Table 2 Column 7 x = 1155.84
From Table 2 Column 8 y = 296.03
n xy x y
From Para 4.2, equation 5: m
n x 2 n x
2

9 581.07 91.2 48.33

9 1155.84 91.2
2

= 0.394
From Para 4.2, equation 4: c y m xy
n
48.33 0.394 91.2

9
= 1.378

Applying correction as per Para 4.3 above

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 Number of readings n = 9
Degree of freedom = 9-2=7

Value of t for 90% confidence from Table at Appendix 1 to Chapter VII, i.e. t n-2
=1.89

Thus,

Mutual Coupling MC) m t n 2

y 2
c y m xy

n
n2 n x2 x
2

296.03 1.378 48.33 0.394 581.07 9

0.394 1.895
9 1155.84 91.2
2
7

0.394 1.895 0.06995 0.004316

= 0.394 1.895 0.0174
= 0.394 0.033
= 0.427 or 0.361

In case the theoretically computed value of MC is greater than 0.427 then

higher of the values, i.e., 0.427 should be taken as final value for mutual
coupling. If the theoretically computed value is between 0.427 and 0.361 then
that may be taken as final value for mutual coupling.

6.0 Precautions

While conducting the LF induction test following precautions may be taken for
ensuring accuracy in test results.

(i) It may be ensured that the distance between the power line earth point
and telecom line earth points are atleast at 3 kms.

(ii) Length of conductors connecting the telecom line from earth up to the
paralleling length should run perpendicular to the direction of
parallelism.

(iii) The voltmeter used for measurement of induced voltages should have
Zin= 10 Mega Ohm or more.

(iv) The test should be arranged only during the dry season.

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 Appendix I to Chapter VII
(Refer Para 4.3)

Statistical Tables Value of t

Degree
of Value of t in Percentage for the Confidence Interval
Freedo
m
70 80 90 95 98 99
1 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.881 63.657
2 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
3 1.250 2.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
4 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
5 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
6 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
7 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499
8 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
9 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
10 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169
11 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
12 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
13 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
14 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
15 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947
16 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
17 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898
18 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
19 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861
20 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845
21 1.063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831
22 1.061 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819
23 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807
24 1.059 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797
25 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
26 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
27 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
28 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763
29 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
30 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750
40 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704
50 1.046 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660
120 1.041 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617
200 1.036 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576

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 Appendix II to Chapter VII
(Refer Para 2.1.4)

Measurement of Soil Resistivity

1. Introduction

The study of the problem of low frequency electromagnetic induction between

power and telecommunication lines involves knowledge of the resistivity of the
earth. The mutual coupling between two earth return circuits depends upon
the dispersion and distribution of the ground currents circulating in the circuits.
This in turn is largely determined by the earth resistivity. Almost invariably the
resistivity of the earth is far from uniform even within a local area and further
all known methods of measurement of earth resistivity suffer from various
limitations.

A general idea of the order of soil resistivity in any region may be had from the
type of soil or geological structure in that area. A number of factors affect the
soil resistivity such as moisture, nature and concentration of salts in the soil,
temperature, seasonal variations etc. It is not possible to predict to a precise
degree the resistivity to be expected in a given area or the electrode
resistance at given site. In every case, it is necessary to carry out an actual
measurement to determine the earth resistivity in a given area.

2. Method of Measurement

Several methods of measurement are known but each one suffers from one
limitation or other, due to which the different methods are found to give
sometimes widely divergent results.

A low frequency test is the most desirable method for determining the earth
resistivity, since it gives an overall average figure for the area concerned.
Experiments were conducted by the PTCC in the 50s to determine the
suitability of different methods and electrode spacing to be used while
collecting data of soil resistivity for low frequency induction calculations. The
experiments established that the four-electrode method is the most suitable
with large electrode spacing of 150 feet. The PTCC practice is therefore to
collect soil resistivity data by using this method keeping an inter-electrode
spacing of 50 meters.

3. Four-Electrode Method

Other methods include the use of a search coil but the general preference is
for the four electrode method explained below using the meggar earth tester.

The familiar earth testing meggar is an instrument, which can be conveniently

used for carrying out the four-electrode method of measuring resistivity. It has
a generator producing DC at 500 or 1000 volts with the current coils
connected in series. The potential coil is mounted on the same shaft as the
current coil and has a definite inclination to the latter. The terminals of the

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 current coil and the potential coil are brought out to four independent
terminals C1, C2 and P1, P2. Both the potential and current coils tend to
rotate in the field of permanent magnet, when the generator is worked, the
direction of the movement being opposite to each other. Therefore, when the
instrument is connected to a test earth and the generator is worked, the
position taken by the combined current-potential coil will be proportional to the
ratio of V/I or the mutual resistance between the current and potential circuits.

The meggar is known to give fairly accurate results of earth resistivity. Where the
average resistivity over a large area and depth are required, the electrode spacing
has to be kept correspondingly high. While there should be no objection to keep
such wide spacing with the meggar, the skin effect of the ground currents places a
limitation on the spacing that can be used. The results with the meggar are
reasonably reliable for electrode spacing up to about 150 to 200 feet.

As indicated in Figure 5, the meggar earth tester has four terminals marked P1, P2,
C1, C2 and four similar electrodes are driven into the ground at equal distances of
50 meters in the region where the soil resistivity is to be determined (should be
driven about 1 meter depth). If these electrodes are designated as A,B,C, and D, the
extreme electrodes A and D should be connected to C1 and C2 of the meggar. The
electrodes B and C should be connected to P1 and P2. By operating the meggar
handle continuously at uniform speed, we can read the electrode resistance R on
the meggar scale.

The soil resistivity is given by the equation

=2aR

Where
= Soil resistivity in Ohms/cm.
R = Meggar reading on Ohms.
a = Distance between two electrodes in Meters.

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In one type of instrument currently available, the connections are made as in Figure
6 and the value of soil resistivity is evaluated from the formula.

R
l 2
a2
ohm meters
2a

Where
R = Resistance of ground as measured.
2l = Distance between electrodes A and D in the meters.
2a = Distance between electrodes B and C in meters.

The value in Ohms/cm can be obtained by multiplying the result by 100.

In all measurements of soil resistivity, it is necessary to see that these are carried out
in the driest part of the year.

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 CHAPTER VIII
Code of Practice for Protection from Earth Potential Rise

1.0 Introduction

When an earth fault occurs in a power system, some of the fault current
returns via the earth, through the earthing system (e.g., earthing of towers and
power sub-stations etc). This current raises the potential of the earthen
system with respect to a remote earth for the duration of the fault. This is
known as Earth Potential Rise. During such a fault, due to the transfer of
potential between the EPR areas and outside points, by conductors of
telecom circuits and other metallic structures etc, serious hazard may result to
telecom installations, telecom personnel and customers.

1.1 Locations Prone to EPR

The following are the locations where Earth Potential Rise may occur:

(i). Areas near power sub-stations earthing system.

(ii). Areas near pole mounted sub-station (transformer) on low voltage
system.
(iii). Areas near power line towers having earth electrodes.

1.2 Factors Affecting EPR

Following factors are to be considered for assessment of hazard due to EPR.

Type of power network

Fault current level
Power grounding system (Earth resistance)
Soil resistivity
Local conditions

Power networks are classified according to the technique used in connecting

the neutral point to ground. The grounding network affects both the level and
duration of the fault current.

According to CCITT directives.

(i) In case of networks of which the neutral point is earthed directly or

through low impedance, the rise in earth potential must be considered
and its value must be calculated or measured for the highest value of
the current flowing to earth through the earthing system of the electrical
installation.

(ii) In case of network of which the neutral point is earthed through an arc
suppression coil without additional devices for clearing faults, it is not
necessary to consider the rise in earth potential as the current flowing

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 through the earthing system is limited to a very low value by the arc
suppression coil.

(iii) When the neutral point is earthed through an arc suppression coil with
additional device for clearing the faults, the earth potential needs to be
considered only in those generating stations or sub-stations, where the
device is fitted and should be determined as in (i) above.

It can be assumed that the additional device operates only rarely and does
not justify the whole of a system protected in this way being regarded as if all
the neutral points were permanently earthed.

(iv) In case of network of which the neutral point is isolated the rise in earth
potential is to be considered only in case of network of large extent, which
may give rise to a very large capacity current in the fault (more than several
hundred amperes); further the rise in potential occurs only in neighborhood of
the fault and in consequence, there is no need to consider it in the case of
generating stations or sub-stations, except when the fault occurs within the
station.

2.0 EPR Limits and hazard zone

The EPR contours which define hazard zone for the telecom plants are as
given below:

Type of Power System

Sl. Type of Telecommunication
High Reliability Other
No. Plant
Lines Lines
Terminal apparatus, joints,
1. cabinets, pillars, manholes, 650V 430V
pits, poles

2. Telephone exchanges 430V 430V

3. Cables
(a) Metal Sheathed 650V 430V

(b) Plastic insulated and

plastic sheathed, PIJF 7 KV 7 KV
cable

2.1 Zone of EPR

The zone of EPR near an earthing system varies from some tens to some
thousands of metres, depending on soil resistivity, layout of the earth
electrode, power network, fault current levels and other local conditions. The
zone of EPR in urban areas is small compared to rural areas. Only EPR

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 zones having potential higher than the values given above in 2.0 are
considered as dangerous.

The power supply authority will in all cases be able to provide the value of the
earthing system fault current at any location, the resistance of the earthing
system and the soil resistivity of the area. It can also supply the data
regarding the magnitude of EPR and the extent of hazard zone occurring at
these fault locations.

Measurements and calculations of EPR zone are normally done by Power

authorities. In order to ensure the safety of telecom assets and personnel
Telecom authorities should ascertain the EPR hazard zone from the
concerned Power authorities.

3.0 Measurement of EPR Zone

3.1 Theoretical Formula for Measurement of EPR zone

The distance X in meters at which the ERP may rise to a value Ex can be
determined from the formula.

l
X metres
2Ex

Where,
= Soil resistivity in ohm meter.
L = Fault current in Amps.
Ex = EPR voltage (limit as specified in 2.0 above for a particular
telecom installation).

Above formula gives good results only in case of simple earthing systems
such as single electrode earthing systems. As the area of earthing system
increases the error increases rapidly.

For larger earthing systems the more practical formula would be

E max D IR D
Ex
d D d D
Where Ex = The potential at radial distance d from the perimeter of the earth
mat in volts.

l = the maximum fault current through the earth mat in Amps.

R = the measured resistance of the earth mat in ohms.
D = Half the diagonal distance of the mat in meters.
d = Distance in meters from the perimeter of the earth mat.

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 In those cases, when the earth mat is not essentially rectangular in shape, the
value of D should be half length of the diagonal of a square, having the same
area as that enclosed by the irregular earth mat.

Substituting the EPR voltage limit for Ex the distance d of that voltage
contour from the perimeter of the earth mat in meters can be calculated from
the above formula.

Example

As given by the Power authorities for a power sub-station.

R = 1 ohm

Note: The value of earth resistance of a sub-station is normally less

than 1 Ohms; however this may vary depending on the size of the sub-
station. The exact value of earth resistance can be obtained from
Power authorities.

l = 5 KA (after considering necessary screening factors).

Dimensions of earth mat = 20x25 meters.

Solution

Half the diagonal distance of earth mat

20 2 25 2 32
D 16 metres
2 2

Ex = 430 V ( for a telephone exchange as per Para 2.0)

IR D IR D
EX or d D
d D EX

5000 1 16 80000
d + 16 =
430 430

= 186.046 (say 187 meters)

d = 187 16 = 171 meters

Conclusion
The effective EPR zone is 171 meters from the perimeter of the earth
mat of the given power sub-station.

3.2 Practical Measurement of EPR Zone

In theoretical formula uniform earth resistivity is assumed. In practice however

the earth resistivity is rarely uniform and equi-potential contours around an
earthing system are often distorted away from the postulated circular shape

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 for the hemispherical electrode because of the rectangular shape of the
station earthing system and other earthed conductors such as metallic
sheathed cables, water or gas pipes etc buried in the earth in the vicinity. For
an accurate determination of a particular EPR hazard zone, a practical test is
therefore necessary, which will have to be conducted by Power authorities
and co-ordinated by Telecom authorities.

Where the calculations by above formula indicate that there is a border line
problem or if there is a doubt about the reliability of the parameter values used
in the calculation, the hazard zone may be determined by practical
measurements.

Because of the costs involved, practical measurements cannot be made in

each and every case under consideration and it may be more economical
instead to institute protective measures suggested in the following paras.

4.0 Protection Measures

4.1 Co-ordination with Power authorities

(i) By proper co-ordination with power authorities at various levels it may

be ensured that the earth resistance of the power earthing systems are
maintained within limits and they are installed as far away as possible
from the telecom installations and cables, so that the effect of EPR is
not there on the telecom circuits. It should also be ensured by Power
authorities that the protective systems operate properly and fault
tripping timings are maintained within limits.

(ii) In case of new installations the effective zone of influence of EPR may
be ascertained from concerned Power authorities so as to ensure safe
separation at the initial stage itself.

4.1 Minimum Separation for Telecom Cables in the Soil

In the absence of other experiences, local measurement or calculated values

of EPR, the following minimum separations in soil between telecom cable with
a metal sheath in direct contact with the soil and a high voltage power
earthing system should be observed.

Separation in soil (in meters) between telecom cables and high voltage
earthing systems beyond which no calculation or measurement is necessary:

Earth Power Network System with

Resistivity
Isolated Neutral
in Directly Earthed
or Arc
Ohm Neutral Location
Suppression Coil
Meters
2 5 Urban
< 50
5 10 Rural
50 - 500 5 10 Urban

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 10 20 Rural
500 - 10 50 Urban
5000 20 100 Rural
10 50 Urban
20 100 200* Rural
*200 meters in areas with extremely severe soil conditions i.e.
10,000 ohm meters

In the case of tower earthing, half the above distances can be used, if the
power lines include earth wires.

Where the local situations do not permit such separation, the telecom cables
should be provided with insulation, for example by placing the cables in
insulated plastic tubes in the hazard zone or using plastic sheathed cable.
When the magnitude of hazard is extremely high, optical fiber cables or radio
relay systems may be used instead of metallic cables.

4.2 Telephone Exchanges

Telephone exchanges should not be installed where the maximum EPR at the
site of the exchange is greater than 430 volts.

In case of telephone exchanges, which include a distribution sub-station,

providing the power requirements for the telecom equipment, every effort
should be made to obtain EPR figure less than 430 volts for all categories of
HV earth systems, if necessary by directly coupling all earth systems
(including the reinforcing mesh which forms part of the building structure) and
supplementing existing earth systems with deep driven earth electrodes. It
may be practicable to feed power to the sub-station through an underground
metallic sheathed cable with a supplementary earth system and surge
diverters (lighting arresters) at the transition point between overhead and
underground power construction. Where, despite these measures it is not
possible to achieve a figure of EPR below 430 volts the sub-station earth
system should be removed to a location, which ensures EPR not greater than
430 volts.

4.3 Telecom Circuits Within/Passing Through the EPR Hazard Zone

Within the power system earthing hazard zone the telecom circuits should be
provided in plastic insulated land unscreened plastic sheathed cable laid in
rigid PVC conduit. To isolate the circuits from remote earth, all conductors
should be provided with isolating links within the boundary. Accessible metal
parts such as metal sheathing, frames, boxes etc must be connected to the
earthing systems.

If there is PABX in the hazard zone, the earthing of PABX should be

commoned to the power system earth. The telecom circuits should have
isolating transformer.

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 Location of cable joints, terminals, pillars, cabinets, etc, which require
personnel to work, should be avoided in the hazard zone. If it is unavoidable,
a warning signs should be fixed and special work practices followed.

Telecom circuits should not be protected, for the purposes of mitigation of

induced voltage due to power system earth faults, by using GD tubes between
the conductors and earth in the hazard zone, as this results in the transfer of
earth potential rise to the telecom circuits, when the protectors fire.

It may prove desirable in some cases to change the underground to overhead

construction. In such cases or wherever overhead construction is felt
desirable in EPR hazard zone, only wooden poles should be used.

When it is essential to provide a telephone connection within the EPR zone,

the following precautions should be taken:

(i) The post carrying DP box from which drop-wire is drawn to

provide telephone connection should be located outside the
EPR boundary of 430V.

(ii) Self-supporting drop-wire without, support of GI wire, should be

used.

(iii) If necessary, the drop-wire should be supported on wooden

poles within the EPR zone.

(iv) Inside the building the drop-wire should be taken through PVC
pipes to the telephone instrument.

(v) Rosette should be installed on an ebonite plate fixed on the wall.

(vi) The telephone instrument should be placed on a wooden table,

which in turn should be placed on a rubber mat so that a person
using the telephone also stands on the rubber mat.

(vii) The wire drawn from rosette to telephone instrument at any

point should not touch any portion of the building.

(viii) Battery eliminators should not be used while providing plan 103
facility in the building.

The purpose of all these precautions is to prevent the telephone

instrument, its user and connecting link etc from coming in contact with
hazardous voltage.

4.4 Precautions for Working Staff in EPR Hazard Zone.

When working on telecom circuits in hazard zone, telecom staff should

insulate themselves from the earth by standing on an insulating mat having a

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 specified insulation, withstanding voltage of at least 15 KV for one minute.
Where practicable, insulated tools, gloves and footwear should also be used.

Wherever isolating links are provided for telecom circuits, the telecom staff
should remove these links before attending to any work on the circuits.

5.0 Conclusion

In case of existing telecom network, wherever necessity arises, the details

with respect to EPR will be obtained from concerned Power authorities and
the matter referred to Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee
(PTCC) for suggesting necessary protective measures. For all new
constructions due consideration should be given to the safety limits and
aspects explained above so as to ensure the safety of telecom assets and
personnel.

References:

(i) PTCC code of practice for the protection of personnel and equipment
against earth potential rises caused by high voltage power system
faults, issued vide Director (ML), DOT, New Delhi letter No. 10-11/89-
ML dated 10th May 1989.

(ii) APT booklet on EPR.

(iii) Introductory manual on co-ordination of Power & Telecom Systems

(Australia).

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 CHAPTER IX

Information about Electrical Inspectors and Statutory Provisions

(As per the Electricity Act 2003)

I Appointment of Chief Electrical Inspector and Electrical Inspector

(1) The Appropriate Government may by notification, appoint duly qualified

persons to be Chief Electrical Inspector or Electrical Inspectors and
every such Inspector so appointed shall exercise the powers and
perform functions of a Chief Electrical Inspector or Electrical Inspector
under this Act and exercise such other powers and perform such other
functions as may be prescribed within such areas or in respect of such
class of works and electrical installations and subject to such
restrictions as the Appropriate Government may direct.

(2) In the absence of express provision to the contrary in this Act or any
Rule made thereunder, an appeal shall lie from the decision of a Chief
Electrical Inspector or an Electrical Inspector to the Appropriate
Government or if the Appropriate Government, by general or special
order so directs to an Appropriate Commission.

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A. ADDRESSES OF STATE ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS

1. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Government of Andhra Pradesh,
Stone Building,
Mint Compound,
Hyderabad 500 004.

2. Chief Engineer, Zone II,

Public Works Department,
Government of Arunachal Pradesh,
Ita Nagar 791 111.

3 Chief Electrical Inspector-cum-Adviser,

Government of Assam,
R.G. Barooah Road, Rajgarh Link,
Road No. 1, (Opp. Commerce College),
Guwahati 781 003.

4 Senior Electrical Inspector,

Government of Bihar,
Patna.

5. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Government of Gujarat,
IMP Department,
Dwarkesh Building, 3rd Floor, Khanpur,
Ahmedabad 380 001.

6. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Government of Haryana,
SCO No. 85-86,
Sector No. 17-D,
Chandigarh 160 017.

7. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Bakshi Cottage,
Long Wood,
Shimla 171 001.

8. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Governemnt of Kerala,
Housing Board Building,
Santhinagar,
Trivandrum 695 001.

9. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Government of Karnataka,
K.R. Circle, P.B. No. 5148,

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 KEB,Multistoried Building,
Bangalore 560 001.

10. Chief Engineer (ES) &

Chief Electrical Inspector,
Government of Madhya Pradesh,
Satpura Bhavan, 3rd Floor,
Bhopal 462 004.

11. Chief Engineer (Electrical)

Government of Maharashtra,
6th Floor, Bandra (East),
Kurla Compelx
Administrative Building,
Mumbai- 400 051.

12. Chief Engineer (Power),

Governemnt of Manipur,
Electricity Department,
Imphal 795 001.

13. Senior Electrical Inspector,

Government of Meghalaya,
Lower Lachumiera,
Shillong 795 001

14. Chief Engineer Power &

Electricity Department,
Government of Mizoram,
Aizwal 796 001.

15. Chief Engineer,

Electricity Department,
Nagaland,
Kohima 797 001.

16. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Government of Orissa,
3rd Floor, Heads of Deptt. Building,
Bhubaneswar 751 001.

17. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Government of Punjab,
Patiala.

18. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Government of Rajasthan,
Subhas Marg C Scheme,
Jaipur 302 001.

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19. Chief Electrical Inspector,
Government of West Bengal,
Directorate of Electricity,
1, Karish Mukherjee Road,
Kolkata 700 020.

20. Chief Electrical Inspector,

Electrical Inspectorate,
Thiru, Vi. Ka. Industrial Estate,
Guindy,
Chennai 600 032.

21. Director Electrical Safety,

Vidyut Khand II,
Behind Pick-up Building,
Gomtinagar,
Lucknow 226 010.

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B. ADDRESSES OF CENTRAL ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS

I. Head Office

Cief Electrical Inspector

Central Electricity Authority
Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram,
New Delhi-110066.

II. Regional Offices

(1) Superintending Engineer, (2) Superintending Engineer,

Regional Inspectorate Office, Regional Inspectorate Office,
AB-5, Safdarjung Enclave, Shastri Bhavan,
New Delhi. Chennai.

(3) Superintending Engineer, (4) Superintending Engineer

Regional Inspectorate Office, Regional Inspectorate Office,
Vidyut Bhavan, Zorem Nangrim Hills,
5th Floor, Panji, Shillong.
Goa.

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 EXTRACTS OF IMPORTANT CLAUSES FROM THE ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003

(I) Protection of Railways, Highways, Airports and Canals, Docks, Wharfs

and Piers

No person shall in the generation, transmission, distribution, supply or use of

electricity, in anyway injure any railway, highway, airports, tramway, canal or
water-way or any dock, wharf, or pier vested in or controlled by a local
authority, or obstruct or interfere with the traffic on any railway, airway,
tramway, canal or water-way.

(II) Protection of Telegraphic, Telephonic and Electrical Signaling

(1) Every person generating, transmitting, distributing, supplying or using

electricity (hereinafter referred to as the operator) shall take all
reasonable precautions in constructing, laying down and placing his
electric lines, electrical plant and other works and in working his system,
so as not injuriously to affect, whether by induction or otherwise, the
working of any line used for the purpose of telegraphic, telephone or
electric signaling communication, or the currents in such wire or line.

(2) Where any difference or dispute arises between the operator and the
telegraphic authority as to whether the operator has constructed, laid
down or placed his electric lines, electrical plant or other works, or worked
his system, in contravention of sub-section(1), or as to whether the
working of any wire, line or current is or is not injuriously affected thereby,
the matter shall be referred to the Central Government and the Central
Government, if it is of the opinion that the wire or line has been placed in
unreasonable proximity to the electric lines, electrical plant or works of the
operator after the construction of such lines, plant or works, may direct the
operator to make such alterations in, or additions to, his system as may be
necessary in order to comply with the provision of this section, and the
operator shall make such alteration or additions accordingly:

Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to the repair, renewal,
or amendment of any electric line or electrical plant so long as the course
of the electric line or electrical plant and the amount and nature of the
electricity transmitted thereby are not altered.

(3) Where the operator makes default in complying with the requirements of
this section, he shall make full compensation for any loss or damage
incurred by reason thereof, and, where any difference or dispute arises as
to the amount of such compensation, the matter shall be determined by
arbitration.

Explanation:- For the purposes of this section, a telegraph line shall be

deemed to be injuriously affected if telegraphic, telephonic or electric
signaling communication by means of such line is, whether through
induction or otherwise, prejudicially interfered with by an electric line,
electrical plant or other works or by any use made thereof.

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(III) Notice of Accidents and Inquiries

(1) If any accident occurs in connection with the generation, transmission

distribution, supply or use of electricity in or in connection with, any part of
the electric lines or electrical plant of any person and the accident results
or is likely to have resulted in loss of human or animal life or in any injury
to a human being or an animal, such person shall give notice of the
occurrence and of any such loss or injury actually caused by the accident,
in such form and within such time as may be prescribed, to the Electrical
Inspector or such other person as aforesaid and to such other authorities
as the Appropriate Government may by general or special order direct.

(2) The Appropriate Government may, if it thinks fit, require any Electrical
Inspector, or any other person appointed by it in this behalf, to inquire and
report:-

(a) as to the cause of any accident affecting the safety of the public,
which may have been occasioned by or in connection with, the
generation, transmission, distribution, supply or use of electricity, or

(b) as to the manner in, and extent to, which the provisions of this Act
or rules and regulations made hereunder or of any license, so far as
those provisions affect the safety of any person, have been
complied with.

(3) Every Electrical Inspector or other person holding an inquiry under sub-
section (2) shall have all powers of a civil court under Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 for the purpose of enforcing the attendance of witnesses
and compelling the production of documents and material objects, and
every person required by an Electrical Inspector be legally bound to do so
within the meaning of section 176 of the Indian Penal Code.

(IV) Exercise of Powers of Telegraph Authority in Certain Cases

The Appropriate Government may, by order in writing, for the placing of

electric lines or electrical plant for the transmission of electricity or for the
purpose of telephonic or telegraphic communications necessary for the
proper co-ordination of works, confer upon any public officer, licensee or any
other person engaged in the business of supplying electricity under this Act,
subject to such conditions and restrictions, if any, as the Appropriate
Government may think fit to impose and to the provisions of the Indian
Telegraph Act, 1885, any of the powers which the telegraph authority
possesses under that Act with respect to the placing of telegraph lines and
posts for the purposes of a telegraph established or maintained, by the
Government or to be so established or maintained.

ROLE OF PTCC and PTCC CLEARENCE

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