En The Islamic Will and Testament PDF
En The Islamic Will and Testament PDF
En The Islamic Will and Testament PDF
PHETARED IY
MUHAMMAD AL-JIBALI
B is m i A lln lii A lr r a h n ia iii A lr r a h e e m i
d ea tA a^w ootoA e^ a n y o fe y o u a n d
[A l-B a q a r a h 2:180]
T H E IN E V IT A B L E J O U R N E Y - P A R T 2
BY
MUHAMMAD AL-JIBALI
Kalamullah.Com
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
PRELUDE xi
Defining Our Mission xm
1. Correcting Our Beliefs and Practices (xiv)
2. Inviting to the True Dm (xv)
3. Warning Against Deviant Beliefs and Practices (xvi)
4. Purifying the Sunnah (xvi)
5. Liberating the Islamic Thought (xvii)
6. Presenting the Islamic Solution (xvii)
Conclusion (xviii)
Technicalities ............................................................................... xviii
Transliteration (xviii)
Translating and Referencing Quran and Hadith (xx)
Notable Utterances (xxi)
PREFACE xxiii
The Inevitable Journey ............................................................. xxiii
This Book .................................................................................. xxiv
General Description (xxiv)
Additional Material (xxv)
Understanding Issuesof Ghayb .....................................................xxv
Acknowledgements .................................................................. xxvi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
Why Write a Will? .................................
Muslims Living in Non-Islamic Countries 2
Seek What Benefits You the Most 4
Which Money Is the Best? (4)
Do not Postpone the Good (5)
Contents vi The Final Bequest
CHAPTER 2
WRITING THE WILL 7
Definition ...................................................................................... 7
Will Wasiyyah (7)
Command at the Time of Death (9)
Shari Meaning (10)
The Obligation of Writing the Will .............................................. 11
People Benefitting from a Bequeathal ..........................................12
Standard Heirs (12)
The Relatives (13)
Non-Muslim Relatives (14)
Other Beneficiaries (14)
Maximum Bequeathal ......................................................................14
Witnesses ........................................................................................ 16
Unfair Bequests ............................................................................... 18
Allah Is the One Who Ordains the Shares (18)
The Bequest May Not Be Used as a Tool of Oppression (19)
Void Parts (21)
Attempting to Stop the Injustice (22)
Basic Elements of a Will ...............................................................22
1. Indication of the Testators Situation (22)
2. Declaration of Faith (22)
3. Commanding the Survivors to Do Good and Avoid Sins (23)
4. Declaration of Liabilities and Assets (24)
5. Appointing an Executor and a Guardian (24)
6. The Bequeathed Part of the Estate (25)
7. Emphasizing the Islamic Heirship (25)
Sanctity of the Will ........................................................................25
CHAPTER 3
TEXTS CONCERNING INHERITANCE 27
The Estate Goes to the Legal Heirs ................................................ 27
Abrogated Practices ........................................................................30
Including Women in the Estate (30)
Heirs by Oath (30)
Specified Shares ...............................................................................31
Children and Parents (31)
Spouses and Maternal Siblings (33)
The Final Bequest vii Contents
CHAPTER 4
THE ISLAMIC LAW OF INHERITANCE 51
Introduction ......................................................................................51
Warning Concerning Weak Reports .............................................. 51
Definitions ........................................................................................ 52
Ilm ul-Faraid (52)
Difference in Understanding (53)
Pillars and Conditions for Inheritance (53)
Ties of Inheritance (54)
Inheritance Obstructors (55)
Female Heirs (57)
Types of Heirs (59)
Prescribed Shares ...........................................................................59
Abbreviations (59)
Table of Shares (60)
Notes and Additional Conditions (61)
Ta sib ............................................................................................. 63
Independent Usbah (63)
Ranks of Independent Taslb (64)
Contents viii The Final Bequest
CHAPTER 5
EXAMPLES AND COMPUTATIONS 83
Simple Cases of Share Allocation ...................................................83
Simple Window Cases ...................................................................86
The Final Bequest ix Contents
REFERENCES 113
Will (113)
Inheritance (113)
General (114)
O p e n in g S e rm o n
Al-hamdu lillah. Indeed, all praise is due to Allah. We praise Him and
seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from our
souls evils and our wrong doings. He whom Allah guides, no one can
misguide; and he whom He misguides, no one can guide.
1 The above two paragraphs, together with the following three portions o f Q u ra n , are
called K h u tb a t ul-H ajah (the Sermon of Need). Allahs Messenger often
started his speeches with this sermon, and he was keen to teach it to his companions.
The hadiths, in this regard are recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud, an-Nasal, and
others, and are narrated by Ibn Mas ud, Ibn Abbas, and others (<$&). A full
discussion of the various reports of this sermon is provided by al-Albanl in his
booklet, K h u tb a t ul-H ajah, published by al-Maktab ul-Islami, Beirut.
XI
Prelude xii The Final Bequest
Verily, the best speech is Allahs ($i) speech; the best guidance is
Muhammads ( 0 ) guidance; and the worst matters (in creed or
worship) are those innovated (by the people), for every innovated
matter is a bid ah (prohibited innovation), and every bid ah is an act
D e fin in g O u r M is s io n
Our goal in our works is propagating the true Dawah that derives
from Allahs (i) Book and His Messengers (H ) Sunnah. This is a
duty that every Muslim should cherish. Allah (i$g) says:
y y O yy , ; / T f f ,yy *'11 II''' y 0 y %J W . 7 > iy v
N 1 j l ^ Jl J Y S \
Allah (&) indicates that this was the Prophets (life) message:
o A
\ j &
' ^ j !j t j j j l j L Y f Jl
if ' if
It is He who has sent among the unlettered a
Messenger from themselves reciting to them His ayat,
1 Muslim and others have recorded from Jabir Bin Abdillah o Y ) that Allahs
Messenger ($&) used to start his speeches with this paragraph.
2 A l Imran 3:104.
Prelude xiv The Final Bequest
1. C o r r e c t in g O u r B e l i e f s a n d P r a c t ic e s
x x /
,s s a s a / \4>s o / i i
s r-jX
K toy
, t / / a t y
+
t L \s o .
^ Ale i &AlJI
^ L j i J I < O ^ J I y j j j d U i J j JI
U fl .L J U O O s ^ b T L / ,
2 . In v it i n g t o t h e T r u e D i n
3 . W a r n in g A g a i n s t D e v ia n t B e u e f s a n d P r a c t ic e s
We should caution the Muslims and exhort them against any beliefs or
practices alien to the pure teachings of Islam, such as shirk and
bid ahs.
4 . P u r i f y in g the S u n n a h
1 A l- A s r 103:1-3.
2 Recorded by Ibn Adiyy, al-Khatlb al-Baghdadl, Ibn 'Asakir, and others. It is
reported from a number o f sahabah including Abu Hurayrah, Ibn Mas'ud, and
Anas (4g>). All o f its reports have various levels of weakness, but they add up
collectively to make this hadlth hasan, as is indicated by al-AlbanT in M ishkat ul-
The Final Bequest XVII Prelude
5 . L ib e r a t in g t h e I s l a m i c T h o u g h t
6 . P r e s e n t in g t h e /s l Am c S o l u t io n
i\ iJulil % a i l J j3 l jlj>
Hence, judge between them in accordance with
what Allah has revealed, and do not follow their
errant views. 3
noble trust. This will surely elevate and honor them and spread the
eternal message of Islam all over the earth, as is Allah's true promise:
I j j j l
C o n c l u s io n
T e c h n ic a litie s
T r a n s l it e r a t io n
1 A s-S q ff 61:9.
The Final Bequest xix Prelude
have included an index of the Arabic terms that are more pertinent to
this current work, indicating the page on which they have been defined.
Except for proper nouns, transliterated Arabic terms are italicized.
In general, the rules of English pronunciation can be applied. The
following table includes additional symbols employed in this book to
help pronounce the Arabic terms.
T r a n s l a t in g and R e f e r e n c in g Q u r a n and H a d i t h
N o t a b l e Ut t e r a n c e s
1 Uttering this is sometimes described as, saying salah upon the Messenger.
Prelude xxii The Final Bequest
T h e In e v ita b le J o u rn e y
We inevitably pass through the route starting in this life, and extending
into the grave, before our final abode in the hereafter. In the process,
we encounter stages of sickness, death, and the intermediate life in the
grave (al-Barzakh). These are the subjects with which The Inevitable
Journey deals over a sequence of four titles:
^ JjJl V jIj
o l L j jllkU :jJ& JI
4. Life in al-Barzakh
C i^ l ^
We present the subject matter of this series from the authentic texts
of the Quran and Sunnah, guided in their explanation by the
understanding of the sahabah and the eminent ulama of Islam.
In this series, as well as our other publications, we strive to
eliminate all elements of superstition and falsehood that have
traditionally crept into this side of the human life in various cultures.
All books in this series are meant to be useful handbooks and
xxiii
Preface xxiv The Final Bequest
T h is B o o k
G e n e r a l D e s c r ip t io n
This book is the Second in the series \ Its main goal is to direct the
Muslims and guide them in writing their wills, especially those living
in non-Islamic countries where the correct laws of inheritance are not
normally applicable.
Thus, the first two chapters mostly deal with guidelines and
instructions concerning writing a will.
Furthermore, a good portion of this book has been reserved for the
subject of the Islamic Law of Inheritance. Among the reasons for
this are the following:
1 Chronologically, it was completed last, with Part 4 (Life in al-Barzakh) first, Part 1
(Sickness: Regulations & Exhortations) second, and Part 3 (Funerals: Regulations
& Exhortations) third.
A predecessor to this book, titled T he Islam ic Will and Testament, was
published in 1995, in a rudimentary form, and not as part of this series. That edition
is out of print, and this book completely replaces and surpasses it.
The Final Bequest xxv Preface
inheritance.
Thus, the last three chapters of this book deal with the law of
Islamic inheritance. They lay down the textual foundation for the
subject, present its basic rules, and provide numerous examples and
case studies.
The appendix at the end provides complete will forms that are
ready to be copied and filled.
A d d it io n a l M a t e r ia l
We can reproduce the tables and diagrams in this book for interested
individuals who may wish to use them as stand-alone sheets for study
or teaching. Those interested in this should contact the publisher
(address on page iv).
U n d e r s ta n d in g Is s u e s o f Ghayb
b) The texts concerning ghayb have real meanings that are within
the human reason, and at least the versed Muslim 'ulama
understand themotherwise, Allah would not have addressed
the people with them.
A c k n o w le d g e m e n ts
All praise and thanks are due to our Lord ($i) who facilitated
completing this work. May He further reward all the Muslims who
helped and supported this effort in various ways. In particular, may
Allah (i$g) reward my shaykh and teacher, Muhammad Nasir ud-Dln
al-Albanl whose works have benefited us in ways beyond description,
Rauf S. Azhar who reviewed the will forms repeatedly and provided
numerous beneficent suggestions, Abdullah al-Jiball who typed some
of the Arabic text and designed the cover, and Ala al-Jiball who
proof-read parts of the manuscript.
We ask Allah ($i) to make this humble effort helpful and fruitful
to the Muslims, forgive our shortcomings, purify our work from
hypocrisy and conceit, and accept it from us.
Our Lord, forgive us and all of the believers, and bestow Your
peace and praise upon our Prophet Muhammad (H).
Q/tfhi/ia/m/mad <//-
18 Rabi ul-Awwal 1420 H
1 July 1999
C H A P T E R 1
IN T R O D U C T IO N
W h y W r ite a W ill?
J L mj Lo LJlII j i I I L> j3 V
t- t- t- ,
* *
((VI+JL^ Lrtw*J> Ii <^JUUI I 4J
1
Chapter 1 2 The Final Bequest
our estate should be divided after our death. But there are a few
concerns:
1. The local authorities may not recognize Allahs law in this regard.
Unless we require its application in our will, our estate may be
divided in a different way.
These are just a few of the many reasons that make writing a will
an obligation that should never be neglected. Neglecting it constitutes
a permission for unfairness and injustice to rule when we have the
ability to stop it.
M u s lim s L iv in g in N o n -/s /a /n ic C o u n tr ie s
S e e k W h a t B e n e fits Y o u th e M o s t
W h ic h M o n e y Is the Best?
When one writes his will, and considers how his estate will be
distributed after his death, he should think of something more
important: How can he best benefit from the wealth that he currently
control? After he departs from this life and resides under the earth,
would he be more concerned about how well his kin are enjoying the
inheritance, or how well and secure he himself is? Even though the
answer to this question is obvious, and everyone will rush to say that
he would care more about his own well-being after death, we find that
the peoples practice demonstrate the opposite!
Abdullah Bin Masud (4^) reported that the Prophet ($&) once
asked the companions, V*JL ^ *J| Li JL ^ i <Who among you
loves his heirs wealth more than his own?> They replied, O Allahs
Messenger! No one among us but loves his own wealth more than that
of his heirs. He said:
| I Ij J La Y | 1 ^ ii i ) a j jAc. I ))
I I
, * >
.O j>\ La l i l j j l j J L a j C *e J i L a iU L a . <JLa
In another report, Ibn Masud (4#b) said that the Prophet ($) said:
? *J L # A -J J *Jj \j J L
.^>1 L# CjJt3 L# aJLaijL
D o n o t Po s t p o n e t h e G o o d
One should not delay the charity that he wants to give until he feels
the pangs of death. That would be too late, because his wealth is then
being passed over to his heirs and is not his anymore. This is
emphasized in the hadith of Imran Bin Husayn (4^>) in the next
chapter in which he reports that the Prophet ( ^ ) disallowed the charity
of a man who freed his six slaves at the time of death.
Also, Abu Hurayrah (4*0 reported that Allahs Messenger ( 0 ) said:
H ^ ^ * * *
I t O - i \j ^ i t . ^7 I ,J I I ^I))
\js j t r v l " i i r
Thus, servant of Allah, when you sit down to write your will,
remember this, and think earnestly of things you can do with your
wealth while you live that will benefit you after death. 1
We ask Allah to guide us and grant us righteousness, a good end,
and death upon the testimony of Islam.
1 The reader is urged to read in this regard the chapter about the things that benefit
the dead from our book, Life in al-Barzakh, which is Part 4 o f this series (The
Inevitable Journey).
C H A P T E R 2
W R IT IN G T H E W IL L
D e fin itio n
W il l W a s i y y a h
srs . L J io if l iJ\^\
a < j . j j r * i
1 An-Nisa 4:131.
2 A l-A nkabut 29:8.
7
Chapter 2 8 The Final Bequest
*
We have commanded the human being (to be
dutiful) in regard to his parents. His mother bore
him in weakness and hardship over weakness and
hardships 2
In that and the following two ayat, Allah (t$g) concludes the listed
prohibitions and commands by declaring that this is His wasiyyah:
N0) aj
) or rUiSii ;jx>
... This He has commanded you, that you may
remember. 5
After ordaining the shares of the estate for the spouses and
maternal siblings, Allah says that this is His wasiyyah:
And Allah ($$&) indicates that the true believers are those who give
each other the wasiyyah of adhering to truth and perseverance:
iJ lA j ij x * & jji ^ y i Si o
r-\ ^ laJ K O j k i l l ^ l ^ j cA A A Jl
C o m m a n d a t t h e T im e o f D e a t h
S h a r i M e a n in g
) v l *j i ji ^-*-1 c y ^
St '
Since no one knows when or where death will come to him, one must
hasten to write his will. Allahs Messenger ($1) indicates that this is
an obligation for everyone who has anything worth bequeathing.
Ibn Umar 0$s) reported that the Prophet (H ) said:
Ibn Umar (t$s>) then noted, Not even one night has passed me, ever
since I heard this from the Prophet (H), without having my will with
1 An-Nisa 4:12.
2 An-Nisa 4:12.
3 A l-M aidah 5:106.
Chapter 2 12 The Final Bequest
This is most important if one owes dues to Allah (i) or His ibad
(servants) that may not be fulfilled without a will. Also, this obligation
is further emphasized in situations where one approaches a dangerous
undertaking, such as a fight, risky journey, or severe illness.
P e o p le B e n e fittin g fro m a B e q u e a th a l
S t a n d a r d H e ir s
T h e R e l a t iv e s
1 Recorded by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, and others. Verified to be authentic by al-
Albanl (Sahih AbT D aw u d no. 3044).
2 Recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, at-Tirmithi, and others from Ibn Abbas, Anas,
Jabir, Abdullah Bin Umar, All, and others ($$>). Verified to be authentic by al-
AlbanT (Irwa'ul-G halTl no. 1655).
3 A l-B aqarah 2:180.
Chapter 2 14 The Final Bequest
According to Ibn Abbas and many others among the sahabah and
tabiun (<$*>), the part of this ayah pertaining to the parents has been
abrogated by the ayat of inheritance But the part pertaining to the
non-inheriting relatives continues to hold. 2
N o n -M u s l im R e l a t iv e s
O t h e r B e n e f i c i a r ie s
One may also direct a part of his estate to other unrelated individuals
or institutions as he sees fit and pleasing to Allah not intending
thereby to inflict harm on the legal heirs.
M a x im u m B e q u e a th a l
. * J > ^ I juu- ^ J U 1^
1 Allahs Messenger ( 0 ) is regretting for him that he died in Makkah before H ijrah.
2 Al-BukharT, Muslim, and others.
3 Al-Bukharf, Muslim, and others.
Chapter 2 16 The Final Bequest
Among the things that we learn from the above hadith are the
following:
1. The most that one may bequeath in his will is one-third of the
entire estate, but it is better not to exceed one-fourth.
W itn e s s e s
One should have two just Muslim men witness his will. If this is not
possible, then two non-Muslim men may be taken as witnesses,
provided that their testimony is validated as explained in the Quran:
.o ^ ji rii ^ i*L;>
; A o
0jl\ * S' 0 ' j_*
0 j l{'l \' jl1 S * '' K I '' l"? ~^
Iji jl*-*l I UJ>
,* } * } I / / || f ft * ' \ | (ti J
U ^i)jf**m*2*U ^ 7* | I
015 <u *
h l i l j j l jl J b l j l l J f o .i'jLJ] ^ ^
I * ~~ * * * " s *
5. The witnesses must swear by Allah that they will divide the estate
as directed by the deceased, without being influenced by anyone or
desirous of any worldly gain from that.
U n fa ir B e q u e s ts
A l l a h Is t h e O n e W h o O r d a in s t h e S h a r e s
Allah ($i) has ordained the various individuals shares from the
inheritance. Their shares increase or decrease based on their
relationship to the deceased and other considerations, as will be
detailed in the next chapter. Allah ($g) says:
V ,L J I < 0
T h e B e q u e s t M a y N o t B e U s e d a s a T o o l o f O p p r e s s io n
ij i . 1^ 1; ^ jji i* b >
(( *Lo 1lf> ))
V o i d P a r t s
Under the Islamic law, any part of a bequeathal that is unjust or wrong
is voided and rejected. Aishah (]sfe) reported that the Prophet ( 0 )
said:
Imran Bin Husayn (4*0 narrated that a man freed six slaves, which
were all what he possessed, just before he died. His bedouin heirs
came to the Prophet ($1) complaining about that, upon which he (H)
said:
He then divided the six slaves into three pairs, draw lots among them,
freed only one pair *, and gave back the other four to the heirs. 2
A t t e m p t in g t o S t o p t h e In j u s t i c e
B a s ic E le m e n ts o f a W ill
Following the practice of the salaf and great Muslim scholars through
the ages, an Islamic will should have the following basic elements:
1 . In d i c a t io n o f t h e T e s t a t o r s S it u a t i o n
2 . D e c l a r a t io n o f F a it h
The testator declares his Islamic faith, mentioning the most important
items, including the Shahadah, the belief in the hereafter, and so on.
3 . C o m m a n d in g t h e S u r v iv o r s t o D o G o o d a n d A v o id S in s
The testator commands his children, spouse, and other relatives and
friends to maintain taqwa of Allah. He commands them to obey
Allah ( |) and abstain from disobedience. He emphasizes matters that
are relevant to the circumstances in which they live and the tribulations
to which they are subject. He warns against the numerous innovations
and violations of the Din practiced by most people, especially in
funeral-related matters *. He requires that his preparation and burial be
done according to the Sunnah.
Commanding the family to observe the Sunnah and avoid
innovations is a practice that was started by the Prophet's
companions (4b). The following are a few such examples:
Amir, son of Sad Bin Abl Waqqas (*&>), reported that his father
said on his death bed:
4 . D e c l a r a t io n o f L i a b il it ie s a n d A s s e t s
The testator declares all of his liabilities and debts, and all of his assets
and possessions. Special attention should be given to hidden or
undocumented property or debts.
5 . A p p o in t in g a n E x e c u t o r a n d a G u a r d ia n
The testator appoints the person who will be in charge of executing his
will after him. The executor should be given full authority to deal with
the assets in order to fulfill the allocations of the will.
If the testator has underage children, he also appoints a well-trusted
guardian to take care of their wealth and well-being until they come of
age.
It is recommended that the executor and guardian be individuals
who are young and likely to outlive the testator long enough to carry
out his will as desired.
Those set in charge of the deceaseds children should take good
and sincere care of them, and realize that Allah is watchful over them
and would surely punish them if they incur any injustice. Allah (3k>)
warns against such by saying:
6 . T h e B e q u e a t h e d P a r t o f t h e E s t a t e
7 . E m p h a s iz in g t h e I s l a m c H e ir s h ip
S a n c tity o f th e W ill
1 An-Nisa 4:9.
Chapter 2 26 The Final Bequest
SAS
1 And not upon those who may have unknowingly benefited by this alteration.
2 Al-B aqarah 2:181.
C H A P T E R 3
T E X T S C O N C E R N IN G IN H E R IT A N C E
In this chapter, we present texts from the Quran and authentic Sunnah
regarding inheritance in Islam. We accompany the texts with brief
explanations as we find necessary. These texts largely provide the
bases for the rules of inheritance, which will be summarized in next
chapter.
T h e E s ta te G o e s to th e L e g a l H e ir s
The estate of a deceased goes to the heirs that have been legally
indicated in the Islamic law. The Islamic state has no right to any part
of it, except in the rare situation where the deceased was not survived
by any relatives close or far. Allah 0&) says:
V .L J I <0
27
Chapter 3 28 The Final Bequest
(( .jlS" JA
And Abu Hurayrah (-4*) reported that Allahs Messenger ($&) said:
LlI VI y A y y * o!
J * * > *
.VyA LiLi LcLw? j I Lj i tiJj J
From the above reports (and similar ones that will follow in the
discussion of the maternal uncle), we conclude the following:
1 Recorded by al-Bukhari.
2 Recorded by Muslim.
3 Recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and an-NasaT. Verified to be authentic by al-
Albanl (Irw a ul-G halil no. 1416).
Chapter 3 30 The Final Bequest
5. Only in the absence of legal heirs does the Islamic state take the
inheritance.
A b ro g a te d P r a c tic e s
I n c l u d in g W o m e n in t h e Estate
Women are not part of the estate to be inherited by the heirs. That was
a practice of Jahiliyyah that Islam abrogated. Ibn Abbas (t^>) reported
that a male heir used to inherit the wife of a deceased relative and
force her to stay within her house or give up her mahr (dowry) . So
Allah ( |) prohibited this in what follows:
H e ir s by Oa th
A Muslims legal heirs are his close relatives specified in the Quran
and Sunnah. One may not add to them by an oath. During Jahiliyyah
and the early period of Islam, the Muslims used to appoint some non
relatives as their legal heirs (as in the case of the brotherhood instituted
between the Muhajiriin and the Ansar). Allah (t$g) abrogated this and
told them that they may only bequeath some of their property to them:
r r . L J K o i' i g i i . ' j i j s
S p e c ifie d S h a re s
C h il d r e n and Pa r e n t s
Allah ($g) has decreed the shares of a deceaseds offspring and parents
in the following ayah:
. Lkij j j j L ^ l
\ \ *L J I <0 -,1
The ulama derive many important instructions from this ayah, the
most relevant of which to our discussion are the following:
1. The debts and bequeathals are taken out of the estate before
dividing the rest among the heirs.
Spouses and M a t e r n a l S ib l in g s
The following ayah deals with the share in the inheritance of the
spouses and maternal siblings:
^
9 . % // /
j U T ? J* u6^
< } < i <1' 1 i ^ ***1-
jl c 1 W J MS jl
f 4 i k f t i jL i ju J l L^L> jl>Ij jk ii
/ j*
Chapter 3 34 The Final Bequest
Among the instructions that we derive from this ayah are the
following:
1 An-Nisa 4:12.
The Final Bequest 35 Texts Concerning Inheritance
5. The shares of males and females of the same rank (brother and
sisters, uncles and aunts, sons and daughters, etc.) are such that a
male receives twice as much as a female.
6. The maternal siblings are the only exception to the above rule. If
there is only one maternal sibling, he (or she) receives one-sixth.
If there are two or more, they share one-third.
Full and P a t e r n a l S ib u n g s
When a deceased does not have branch (offspring and below) or origin
(fathers and above) heirs, his inheritance is called kalalah, which
means borders or margins. It is thus named because the only possible
heirs for such a person are his margin relatives instead of the origin
and branch heirs.
The kalalah case for a deceased who is only survived by maternal
siblings has been dealt with in the previous ayah (an-Nisa 4:12). The
following ayah deals with the kalalah for one who is survived by
paternal or full siblings:
[ j j j a l i i& J o! Jt ^
4. If there are mixed brothers and sisters, the whole estate is divided
among them, giving a male twice as much as a female. 2
D a u g h t e r , G r a n d -D a u g h t e r , and S is t e r
Ne a r es t Male
After giving the heirs with prescribed shares their portions, anything
remaining after that is given to the nearest male to the deceased or
divided among those who are equally near.
Ibn Abbas (($*>) reported that Allahs Messenger ($&) said:
* #
<Divide the wealth among the heirs with prescribed
shares, according to Allahs Book. Whatever is left
after that, (give it) to the nearest male person (to the
deceased).>2
N o n -S ta n d a rd H e ir s
M a t e r n a l Un c l e , and the I s l a m i c St a te
/ i l l ^ l i y S dJjJ J y
( ( t
A S i s t e r s S o n
Anas (4k) reported that once the Prophet (SO summoned the Ansar.
When they all came he said, -il J* <Is there anyone else
beside those who are present?> They replied, No, except the son of
a sister of ours. He ( 0 ) then said:
(( ^ 0 > l (^>1))
S p e c ia l In d iv id u a ls
The following are individuals who are dealt with in a special way in
matters of inheritance.
T h e P r o p h e t
V li[_j j Vj Ju? JU J i
.f t J u y j y L ^ J l U L J Ijl A ll j l
1 Recorded by Abu Dawud, and at-Tirmithl (in ash-Sham atf). Verified to be hasan
by al-AlbanT (as-Sahlhah no. 2038).
2 Recorded by Ibn Majah. Verified to be authentic by al-AlbanT (lrw a ul-G halil
no. 1241).
3 Recorded by Abu Ya'la. Verified to be authentic by al-Albanl (Sahih u l-Jam i
no. 6799).
4 Recorded by al-Bukhan, Muslim, and others.
Chapter 3 42 The Final Bequest
A F e t u s
AChildof Zina
Aishah, Abu Hurayrah, and other sahabah ($*.) reported that Allahs
Messenger (iH) said:
.4 4 u < ^ i> ju 4 ^ i
(b b ^I i t ^> ^ AJI | ))
, #> b l a J ^ J J I b j j l i l i j ^ Y , . 4 ^ *aJLa j, aj 4
said:
% ' * ' c ci
jjj twins'. AAjijft LlaJ ajlxJ I ,j I o^wojft jJiJ
A K il l e r
A killer may not inherit anything from the one whom he killed
whether the killing was intended or voluntary.
Abu Hurayrah (4) reported that Allahs Messenger ($jB>) said:
y J j UJI))
. o l J j l i J ,j~J
*
<A killer does not receive (a share of the)
inheritances 3
I a j j l_ ^ i <O j l _ j a J | J j j j .
( ( . L L i (J j I a J I o ^ i " )lj . a J I ^ L J I
. o l ^ L I ^ J j UU
N o n -M u s l im s
Regardless of how closely related to the deceased they might be, non-
Muslims cannot be legal heirs for their Muslim relatives. The only way
they may inherit is through a bequeathal that does not exceed one-third
of the estate.
Usamah, Jabir, and Ibn Amr (40 reported that Allahs
Messenger ( 0 ) said:
* >
(( . g"***i Jjb I J
A d d itio n a l C o n s id e r a tio n s
A l l o c a t i o n s P r io r t o I s l a m
<i Jj
^JLc 6 VI j iI ^ O^ ^ y * ^
(( I Aftiiii.^
No B e q u e s t t o L e g a l H e ir s
As mentioned in the previous chapter, one may not bequeath any part
of his estate to legal heirs. The only part that they may receive of the
estate is that allotted to them according to the law of inheritance.
Anas and Abu Umamah ($j>) reported that Allahs Messenger ( 0 )
said:
R e g a i n i n g E a r l i e r C h a r it y
G iv in g C h a r it y W h il e D iv id in g t h e In h e r it a n c e
)jJ\ I'ilj)
A . L J K O YJ
T H E IS L A M \C L A W O F IN H E R IT A N C E
In tr o d u c tio n
W a r n in g C o n c e r n in g W e a k R e p o rts
51
Chapter 4 52 The Final Bequest
2) The report from Abu Hurayrah (4#b) that the Prophet ( 0 ) said,
Learn the Quran and the rules of inheritance, and teach them to
the people, because I will surely be taken away (by death). 2
3) The report from Abdullah Bin Mas'ud (4$&) that the Prophet ( 0 )
said, Learn the knowledge and teach it to the people; learn the
rules of inheritance and teach them to the people; learn the Quran
and teach it to the people. Verily, I will be taken away (by death),
the knowledge will be taken away, and tribulations will become
paramount so that when two people differ about a rule of
inheritance they will not find anyone to arbitrate between them. 3
D e fin itio n s
IL M U L -F A R A ip
The Islamic law of inheritance is called ilm ul-fara id, or the subject
of the injunctions (concerning inheritance). It involves knowing the
rules for dividing the inheritance and distributing it so that each of the
heirs receives his proper share.
D if f e r e n c e in U n d e r s t a n d in g
6 AjUI ^*1
t w I a Jl ! I L J jj t ^ 3 X u ?
P i l l a r s a n d C o n d it io n s f o r In h e r it a n c e
For inheritance to take place, it must have the following three pillars,
together with the corresponding conditions for each:
T ie s o f In h e r it a n c e
Relationship Explanation
This includes the offspring, parents, siblings,
Blood
uncles, cousins, etc.
This refers to existing marriages at the time of
death. A divorced woman, however, would inherit
Marriage from her husband if her divorce was not the final
(third) one, and she had not completed her
waiting period (iddah) when he died.
1 Defined below.
2 Defined below.
The Final Bequest 55 Inheritance Law
Relationship Explanation
This is the relationship between a person and a
slave that he emancipated. The inheritance is one
Wald
way, whereby the master may inherits from the
emancipated slave, but not vice versa.
In h e r it a n c e O b s t r u c t o r s
Obstructor Explanation
A slave and his property are considered to belong to
Slavery the master. Therefore, he may not inherit or give
inheritance.
A killer who kills a person from whom he would
Killing normally inherit is denied the inheritance, whether
the killing was deliberate or involuntary.
Two related persons with different religions may
Difference not inherit from each other (except by bequeathal),
of Religion such as a Muslim child of a kafir parent, or a
Muslim man married to a Christian woman.
T h e H e ir s
M a l e H e ir s
The possible male heirs are fifteen relatives as follows (review the
Chapter 4 56 The Final Bequest
chart below):
3 Father.
4 Fathers father, and further up by mere male lineage.
5 Full brother (from both parents).
6 Paternal brother (from the father only).
7 Maternal brother (from the mother only).
8 Full brothers son, and further down by mere male lineage.
9 Paternal brothers son, and further down by mere male
lineage.
10 FuII-patemal uncle (fathers full brother).
11 Paternal-paternal uncle (a fathers paternal brother).
12 Full-paternal uncles son, and further down by mere male
lineage.
13 Paternal-paternal uncles son, and further down by mere male
lineage.
14 Husband.
15 Male emancipator (of a slave).
The Final Bequest 57 Inheritance Law
M A L E H E IR S
F e m a l e H e ir s
The possible female heirs are eleven relatives as follows (review the
chart below):
FEMALE HEIRS
T y p e s o f H e ir s
1. Branch Heirs. The branch (or stirps) heirs (BH) are the deceaseds
offspring, their offspring, and so on.
2. Origin Heirs. The origin heirs (OH) are either male (father,
grandfather, etc.), or female (mother and grandmothers).
P r e s c r ib e d S h a re s
The prescribed shares (furud\ singular: fard) are the specific allocations
determined in the Quran or Sunnah. They are one-half, one-third, one-
fourth, one-sixth, one-eighth, and two-thirds. They hold for various
individuals based on the fulfillment of certain conditions. In what
follows we describe the situations where these ratios are applicable.
A b b r e v ia t io n s
For the sake of reducing the size of the share-table below, and to limit
repetitious terms, we define the following abbreviations:
Abbr. Explanation
U The heir is unique (no other similar individuals) in his
or her class of relationship to the deceased.
Abbr. Explanation
PA The heir has a paternal associate (asib), such as a
daughters brother, or a granddaughters male cousin.
HBH The heir has higher-ranking branch-heirs.
FS The deceased has full siblings (brothers or sisters).
2MS The deceased has two or more siblings (brothers
and/or sisters) half or full.
Fa The father survives the deceased.
Mo The mother survives the deceased.
T a b l e o f S h a r e s
In the following table, we use the abbreviations from the previous sub
section. In order for an individual to receive a particular share, the
required conditions for him (or her) are marked with y (yes) or n
(no). Ex., for a daughter to receive Vi of the estate, U and not(PA)
must hold, which means that she should be the only daughter, and she
should not have any brothers to cause taslb.
All of the conditions marked for a specific individual must hold
simultaneously. The only exception is when the mother receives 1/6,
as indicated in the following sub-section. Additional non-common
conditions for some individuals are also indicated after the table.
Conditions
x/y Individual
U BH MOH PA HBH FS Fa Mo 2MS Notes
Husband n 1
Vi
y
n
Sons y
n n
F. sister y
n n n
The Final Bequest 61 Inheritance Law
Conditions
x/y Individual
U BH MOH PA HBH FS Fa Mo 2MS Notes
P. sister y n n n n
Husband y
'/4
Wives n 2
'/s Wives y 2
s n n 2
Sons s n n n 2
%
F. sisters n n n n 2
P. sisters n n n n n 2
Mother n n 3
Vi
M. siblings n n n 2,4
Father y
Mother y y 5
P. Gfather y n 6
Sons s n 2,8
P. sisters n 2,9
M. sibling y n n
N o t e s a n d A d d i t io n a l C o n d it io n s
1. The only case that there would be more than one Q/i) share is for
a husband with one sister.
Chapter 4 62 The Final Bequest
2. The share for 2 or more of the same class (wives, daughters, etc.)
is equally divided among them.
5. Only one of the two conditions must hold for the mother to
receive 1/6.
9. Also, one of the heirs must be a full sister inheriting Vi. This is
similar to the previous case.
Ta'sTb
In d e p e n d e n t U s b a h
3) If the prescribed shares cover all of the estate, the asib drops
from heirship. Ex., a woman dies leaving a husband, mother,
maternal brother, and paternal uncle. The husband receives xh ,
the mother lA, and the maternal brother 1/6. This covers all of
the estate, causing the paternal uncle to drop from heirship.
There are exceptions to this rule:
Chapter 4 64 The Final Bequest
R a n k s o f In d e p e n d e n t T a s i b
Rank Relationship
First Sonship (sons, grandsons, and further down by
mere male lineage)
Second Fatherhood (father, grandfather, and further up by
mere male lineage)
Third Brotherhood (full and paternal brothers, and their
sons to any depth, by mere male lineage)
Fourth Unclehood (full-paternal and paternal-paternal
uncles, and their sons to any depth, by mere male
lineage)
Fifth Emancipation. This is a one-way heirship, where
the person who freed a slave, as well as his
independent usbah. become heirs of that slave.
Rule: If there are different asibs of the same rank and same
closeness to the deceased, the one of stronger relationship cuts off
the others. Ex., a full brother cuts off a paternal brother.
T a s i b b y A s s o c ia t io n
Relationship Condition
Daughters They have brothers.
Sons They have brothers or cousins of equal rank (or
daughters lower ranking cousins in the absence of brothers
and cousins).
Full sisters The deceased is survived by full brothers.
Paternal The deceased is survived by paternal brothers.
sisters
In the above cases, the shares are divided such that a male receives
twice as much as a female. Thus, the females turn from being heirs by
prescription to being heirs by tasib.
It should be noted that the males affecting this transformation for
the female heirs maintain their positions of independent ta'slb, with its
rules as presented in the previous sub-section.
Ex., a man leaves a full brother, a paternal brother, and two
paternal sisters. The paternal siblings do not receive anything because
of the stronger relationship of the full brother to the deceased.
Ex., a man leaves a father, full brother, and three full sisters. The
siblings do not receive anything because of the fathers higher ranking.
J o i n t T a $ I b
prescribed Vi, and the two sisters divide the rest by ta sib.
Hajb
T o t a l H a j b
Total hajb occurs when the existence of some individuals entirely cuts
off others from heirship. Ex., one dies leaving a father and full brother.
The fathers existence entirely cuts off the brother from heirship.
Total hajb is applicable to all heirs except the parents, immediate
offspring, and spouses.
P a r t i a l H a j b
Partial hajb occurs when the existence of some individuals reduces the
shares of others in the inheritance. Partial hajb is applicable to all heirs
without exception.
Ex., when one dies leaving a wife and a son. The wifes share is
reduced from V4 to Vs because of the son.
Ex., when one dies leaving only one son, he takes the entire estate.
But if he left two sons, they would divide the estate in half, reducing
the share of either one.
The Final Bequest 67 Inheritance Law
C a lc u la tin g th e S h a re s
C a s e W in d o w
24
Vs Wife 3
1/6 Mother 4
R Son 17
Chapter 4 68 The Final Bequest
This means that the estate is divided into 24 equal shares, giving the
son 17 shares, the mother 4, and the wife 3.
In c r e a s in g t h e B a s e
6
Vi Husband 3
F. sister 2
%
F. sister 2
Thus, the total fractional shares (V2+ 2/3=7/6) are larger than 1, and the
shares (3+2+2=7) are larger than the base (6). So, the base is changed
to correct for this discrepancy, and the window is presented with the
original base strike out and replaced by the new base as follows:
67
l/2 Husband 3
F. sister 2
%
F. sister 2
S p e c ia l C a s e s
T h e T w o C a s e s o f U m a r
These are two special inheritance cases that have been briefly
referenced earlier. Solving them in the conventional way seems to
The Final Bequest 69 Inheritance Law
This shows that in the first case, the mother receives twice as much as
the father, and in the other she receives slightly less. This is in conflict
with the general rule of inheritance stating that if there is a male and
a female from the same rank, the male receives twice as much as the
female. Because of this, Umar (4$s>) chose to give the mother xh of the
remainder after giving the spouses their shares. His opinion was
approved by the sahabah and most of the ulama after them.
Thus, the above two cases become as follows:
6 4
1/2 Husband 3 1/4 Wife 1
Mother 1 Mother 1
R R
Father 2 Father 2
M a t e r n a l B r o t h e r s C u t t i n g -o f f F u l l B r o t h e r s
the full brothers are closer to the deceased in that they share with her
the same father as well. Because of this, Umar and many other
scholars after him have agreed in this case to treat the full brothers as
maternal brothers, so that they all share xh of the estate (right table).
1. Before 2. After
6 12
Vi Husband 3 Vi Husband 6
1/6 Mother 1 1/6 Mother 2
M. brother 1 M. brother 1
lA
M. brother 1 M. brother 1
l/ 3
F. brother 0 F. brother 1
R
F. brother 0 F. brother 1
G r a n d f a t h e r w i t h S ib l in g s
a) The first opinion is to treat him exactly as the father, in which case
he would cut off the siblings.
b) The second opinion is that, after giving any prescribed shares, the
grandfather receives the maximum of: '/s or the remainder, equal
share as the brothers, or 1/6 of the total estate.
We adopt the first opinion, which was taken by Abu Bakr (4&>) 1in
the presence of all of the sahabah (4s0 without any objection from
them.
1 In tla m ul-M uwaqqi in, Ibn ul-Qayyim (X^5) mentions twenty different reasons for
favoring the first opinion.
The Final Bequest 71 Inheritance Law
S e c o n d D is tr ib u tio n
1. N o S u r v iv in g S p o u s e
If the surviving heir is only one person, he takes the whole estate. Ex.,
if the deceased is only survived by a daughter, she receives half of the
estate by prescription, and the other half by radd.
If the survivors are one class, the residual estate is divided equally
among them. Ex., if the deceased is survived by two daughters, they
receive % by prescription (V3 each), and the remaining lA is divided
equally among them, so that each one receives a total of V2 .
If the survivors are of different classes, the individual shares are
added up, and the base is replaced by that sum, as in the following
examples:
Chapter 4 72 The Final Bequest
65
65
Vs Mother 2
1/6 Grandmother 1
V2 F. sister 3
Vi F. sister 3
1/6 M. brother 1
45 8 469
Vi Daughter 6 1/6 Mother 3
Sons 1 M. brother 2
daughter
1/6 '/s M. brother 2
Sons 1
daughter M. brother 2
2 . T h e r e Is a S u r v iv in g S p o u s e
If there is only one surviving heir (or class of heirs) beside the spouse,
the spouses share is given to the spouse, and the full remainder is
given to the other heirs as a combination of fard (prescription) and
radd. The following is an example:
V* Wife 2
F. sister 3
3/4
F. sister 3
If there are various classes of heirs with the spouse, the problem is
divided into four steps (see following examples):
1. In the first step, the spouse is given his or her share, and the
remaining shares R are given to the other heirs.
3. In the third step, the shares of the other heirs after radd are
multiplied by the remaining shares R, and then rationalized
(reduced to the smallest numbers) if possible.
4. Finally, all shares are unified with the proper proportions and
included in one column.
8 6 4 28 32
Vs Wife 1 . 4
y2 Daughter 3 21 21
7
1/ 6 Mother 1 7 7
4 63 3 4
Wife t
/4
> M >
!/3 Mother 2 2 2
3
1 /6 M. brother 1 1 1
Chapter 4 74 The Final Bequest
8 42 6 6 8
Wife 1 1
1 /4
Wife 1 HIPitlltlit 1
M. brother 2 2 2
1 /3
M. brother 2 2 2
6
Grandmother 1 1 1
1/6
Grandmother 1 1 1
S u c c e s s iv e D e a th s
Ex a m p l e
24 6 24
Vs Wife 3 Mother (1/6) 1 5
l/2 Daughter 12 MM BBBH
HR
1/6 Mother 4 4
R F. brother 5 5
Son (R) 5 10
The first column shows the shares of the heirs from the first deceased
(base 24). The second column shows the heirs of the second deceased
(mother and son). The third column shows the shares of the heirs from
the second deceased. The last column presents all shares relative to the
first deceaseds estate.
The munasakhat cases can get very complicated, and the books of
faraid usually deal with them in depth and treat various special cases.
All of that is beyond the scope of this book, and we feel that the above
summary gives an adequate overview of this subject.
S im u l t a n e o u s D e a t h s
There are situations where two or more persons, who would normally
inherit from each other, die together in an accident, such as a fire,
drowning, explosion, and so on.
In such cases, if it is possible to determine the sequence of death,
the problem reduces to that of successive deaths discussed above.
If it is not possible to determine the sequence, they would not
inherit from each other.
Chapter 4 76 The Final Bequest
In h e r ita n c e o f a F e tu s
C o n d it io n s fo r a F e t u s s H e ir s h ip
P o s s ib il it ie s fo r th e Fetus
There are many possibilities for the fetus. A number of these may be
eliminated in some pregnancies by applying modern technological
methods, such as ultrasonic scanning.
The major possibilities are the following:
P o s s ib il it ie s for th e O t h e r H e ir s
2. Heirs who would drop out from heirship under some outcomes of
the pregnancy. Those cannot receive anything before delivery.
Ex a m p l e
24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Mother 8 4 4 4 4 4 4
Wife 6 3 3 3 3 3 3
P. uncle 10 0 5 0 0 1 0
Fetus (child) 0 17 12 17 17 16
D M F MM MF FF 17
This shows that, out of 24, the mothers possible shares are (8, 4), the
wifes possible shares are (6, 3), and the uncles possible shares are
(10, 5, 1, 0). By giving each of these three individuals the minimum
possible share, 17 of 24 shares will be reserved until the fetus is bom
(right column).
Note that the computations may be simplified by considering just
Chapter 4 78 The Final Bequest
two possibilities for the fetus: FF and MM, because they allow it the
highest share.
M is s in g P e rs o n s
D e f in it io n
I n h e r it a n c e of a M is s in g P e r s o n
A missing persons estate may not be divided among the heirs until it
is known for sure that he is dead, or until the judge issues a decree
considering him dead.
A M is s in g H e ir
H e r m a p h r o d ite s
Hermaphrodites are individuals who have both male and female sexual
organs, or an organ that resembles neither.
In some cases, one of a hermaphrodites organs will be ineffective,
allowing the other organ to determine its gender. Other behavioral and
medical considerations could also determine the stronger of the two
genders. In terms of inheritance, the hermaphrodite is then considered
to be of the stronger gender.
In cases where it is impossible to specify a hermaphrodites gender,
its share is then halfway between a males and a females.
R e la tiv e s T h ro u g h F e m a le L in e a g e
D e f in it io n
In h e r it a n c e
2. For relatives from the same origin, those who are nearer to the
deceased or of stronger link to him cut off the further relatives.
3. Maternal uncles and maternal aunts substitute for the mother and
receive her share.
Ex a m p l e
A man dies leaving a maternal uncle, two daughters of full sisters, and
two daughters of maternal sisters. The solution is as follows:
E X A M P L E S A N D C O M P U T A T IO N S
All of the examples in this chapter are relatively simple. A few more
complicated cases have been presented with the discussions of the
previous chapter. More complex cases are beyond the scope of this
book.
In the following examples, R means the remainder of the estate
after giving all determined shares.
S im p le C a s e s o f S h a re A llo c a tio n
Daughter Vi By prescription.
P. uncle R By taslb.
83
Chapter 5 84 The Final Bequest
F. brother 2R/5 By ta s ib .
F. sister R/5 By ta s ib .
Father R By t a 's ib .
Daughter y3 By prescription.
Daughter y3 By prescription.
Emancipators F. brother R By tasib.
Chapter 5 86 The Final Bequest
S im p le W in d o w C a s e s
3 24
Son 1 Vs Wife 3
Son 1 Son 14
R
Son 1 Daughter 7
4 4
Son 2 Va Husband 1
Daughter 1 Son 2
R
Daughter 1 Daughter 1
5 6
F. brother 2 1/6 Mother 1
F. sister 1 R F. brother 4
The Final Bequest 87 Examples and Computations
6 6
1/6 Mother 1 Vi Husband 3
*4 Daughter 3 Vi Mother 2
R P. brother 2 R F. brother 1
8 24
y8 Wife 1 y8 Wife 3
y2 Daughter 4 1/6 Mother 4
R P. brother 3 Vi Daughter 12
1/6 Sons daughter 4
24
R F. brother 1
% Wife 3
1/6 Mother 4 72
R Son 17 y8 Wife 9
Daughter 16
2
% Daughter 16
Vi Husband 1
Daughter 16
Vi F. sister 1
R F. brother 15
24
24
Vs Wife 3
Vs Wife 3
1/6 Mother 4
1/6 Father 4
Vi Daughter 12
R Son 17
R F. brother 5
0 P. brothers son 0
Chapter 5 88 The Final Bequest
72 16
y8 Wife 9 Wife 2
l/4
Daughter 16 Wife 2
2A Daughter 16 F. brother 6
Daughter 16 R F. sister 3
R F. brother 3
9
9 Daughter 2
Daughter 2 2/3 Daughter 2
R P. brother 2
P. brother 2
The Final Bequest 89 Examples and Computations
72 84
Wife 9 14 Husband 21
lA
Wife 9 1/6 Mother 14
Grandmother 4 1/6 Father 14
1/6 Grandmother 4 Son 10
Grandmother 4 Son 10
M. brother 8 R Daughter 5
V3 M. brother 8 Daughter 5
M. brother 8 Daughter 5
P. Uncle 9 0 Grandfather 0
R
P. Uncle 9 0 F. brother 0
E x a m p le s o f Awal
6 10 69
Yi Husband 3 Yi Husband 3
Yi F. sister 3 P. sister 2
2/3
1/6 P. sister 1 P. sister 2
1/6 Mother 1 M. brother 1
Yi
M. sister 1 M. brother 1
!/3
M. sister 1
Chapter 5 90 The Final Bequest
67 a 13
y2 Husband 3 % Wife 3
1/2 F. sister 3 P. sister 4
%
1/6 Grandmother 1 P. sister 4
1/6 Mother 2
n 17
V a Wife 3 42 15
P. sister 4 14 Wife 3
%
P. sister 4 F. sister 4
2/ 3
M. brother 2 F. sister 4
/ 3
M. brother 2 M. brother 2
>/3
1/6 Mother 2 M. brother 2
68 24 27
1/2 Husband 3 >/8 Wife 3
F. sister 2 Daughter 8
% 2 /3
F. sister 2 Daughter 8
G e n e ra l R e m a rk s
1. This Will does not dispose of property that passes on the death of
the Testator to a person by operation of law or by any contract. For
example, the Will does not dispose of joint tenancy assets or the
Testators spouses share of community property (unless a waiver
is signed), and it does not normally apply to the Testators
retirement plan benefits.
2. This Will is not designed to reduce taxes. The tax results of the
choices made in this Will should be discussed with a competent tax
advisor.
91
Appendix I: Will Form 92 The Final Bequest
S ig n in g In s tr u c tio n s
4. All of the witnesses must watch the Testator sign this Will. The
Testator should verbally declare that that document is intended to
be his or her Last Will and Testament, but the witnesses need not
read the Will or know its contents.
5. Each witness must sign his or her name with the Testator and the
The Final Bequest 93 Appendix I: Will Form
A ffid a v it
3. Although the affidavit is not required for the legality of the Will,
it can speed admission of the Will to probate after the death of the
Testator, because it eliminates the need to have a witness appear at
the probate proceeding to testify that the formalities in signing the
Will were followed. The witnesses may not be available later when
they are needed.
T h e W ill
The Will follows on the next pages, followed by the affidavit. Other
necessary forms are presented in the next appendix.
W ith t h e N a m e o f A l H h t h e M o s t M e r c ifu l, t h e B e s t o w e r o f M e r c y
TESTATOR
Name 1
Birth Date
City o f Residence
County
State or Province
Country
P R E A M B L E
T h e S h a h A d a h T e s t im o n y o f F a it h
. i l l ! .u > i j ) x ^ \ j . i l l V I J l V j l j f i ]
C o u n s e l t o M y B e l o v e d O n e s
The follow ing is my counsel to my beloved spouse, children, relatives, friends, Muslim brothers and
sisters, and all those who survive me:
% Strive to be true M uslims. Worship our Creator (3$) as He alone is to be worshipped.
Direct your absolute fear, hope, love, and submission to Him alone. I exhort you with what
Ibrahim and Ya'qub exhorted their children:
1 Identify the Testator consistently and unequivocally throughout the will. Use the name normally used on legal
documents.
W h a t t o Do W h e n D e a t h C o m e s
(1) When death approaches me, have M uslims o f knowledge and piety attend me, and let them
remind m e o f maintaining good thoughts about my Lord, hoping for His mercy and forgiveness,
and constantly uttering the Shahadah.
(2) Rem ove from my presence anything that dispels the angels o f mercy, such as pictures or statues
o f humans and animals, dogs, bells, improperly attired women, music, smoking, etc.
(3) After my soul departs, I ordain the follow ing to my family or those who are present:
I C lose my eyes.
I Make good supplications for me (without raising their voice), invoking mercy and
forgiveness for me.
I Take measures to quickly prepare me for the burial.
I A void announcing my death on loud speakers or in newspapers.
I Stop prompting me to say the S h ah adah after my soul had departed from my body.
I Hasten to pay o ff my debts.
(4) N o person dies before his appointed time. So, I ordain to my family the following:
I D o not preoccupy yourselves with my death, but instead make the proper preparations for
your own.
I Maintain patience, self-composure, and submission to Allah's decree.
I D o not raise your voice, wail, strike your cheeks, or call out with the calls o f ignorance
that reflect dissatisfaction with A llahs decree.
I W omen may not mourn 3 over me for more than three days, except for a widow who is
t Al-Baqarah 2:132.
2 Recorded by Ahmad and others from Umm Salamah, Anas, and Ibn 'Umar (4fe). Verified to be authentic by al-AlbanT
($afiTh ul-Jamt no. 3873).
3 Mourning is a display of sadness through abstaining from common show of pleasure and happiness.
F u n e r a l
(5) I ordain that all o f my funeral and burial procedures be performed by M uslims in full
compliance with the Islam ic religion and the Sunnah o f the M essenger ( 0 ) . 2 Absolutely no
n o n -lslam ic religious services or observances may be conducted upon my death, or on my body.
In particular:
Autopsy or embalmment may not be performed on my body unless required by law.
I My burial may not be delayed for reasons IslamicaW y unjustifiable, such as awaiting a
specific day, or the arrival o f a particular person.
I M y body should be washed three or five times (or more if needed) with soap and water,
adding camphor or perfume on the last time.
t M y body should be wrapped with three plain white perfumed sheets o f cloth that are free
o f ornaments and other articles.
I I should be buried where I die; my body may not be transported over any unreasonable
distance except as needed to reach the nearest Muslim cemetery.
> My funeral procession should be expedited.
t Women and incense burners may not accompany my funeral procession.
> During my funeral, voices may not be raised with reciting Q u ra n , uttering the Shah adah,
or any supplications. Silence should be maintained, and those present should contemplate
over the event and supplicate for me in their hearts.
I The funeral prayer upon me should be conducted outside the graveyard, and not among
the graves.
The largest possible number o f M uslims should be invited to pray upon me, they should
be arranged in a minimum o f three rows, and they should be instructed to supplicate for
me sincerely and extensively.
B u is Al a n d t h e G r a v e
V io l a t io n s o f I s l a m
(8) I ordain that innovations, violations o f Islam , and practices o f the non-Muslims, should all be
prevented at my funeral. In particular:
I N o one may wear black as a sign o f mourning.
I N o pictures, decorations, flowers, wreaths, flags, or symbols may be included at any stage
o f my burial, nor be placed at the site o f my grave.
I Recitation o f Q u ra n (even S u ra t u l-F atihah or Y asm ) may not be done over my body
during the funeral procedures.
C o n d o l e n c e s
I disown before Allah, the M ost High, every action or saying that conflicts with the Sunnah o f the
noble M essenger ( 0 ) .
Finally, I ask all my relatives, friends and all others, whether they choose to believe as I believed
or not, to honor my right to these beliefs. I ask them to honor this document, and not to obstruct
it or change it in any way. Rather, let them see that I am buried as I have indicated above, and let
my estate be divided as I indicate below.
A R T I C L E I - F U N E R A L A N D B U R IA L P R O C E D U R E S
(1) I hereby nominate and appoint one o f the follow ing, in this sequence, as dictated by their
availability and willingness, to execute all foregoing and necessary provisions for my proper Islam ic
funeral and burial.
Address
Tel.
(2) In the event o f legal difficulties in administrating my funeral, I direct my Administrator to seek
counsel from learned Muslim men or reputable Islam ic organizations.
A R T I C L E II - E X E C U T O R A N D G U A R D IA N
Ex e c u t o r
(1) I hereby nominate and appoint one o f the follow ing, taken in this sequence, as dictated by their
availability and willingness, to be the sole Executor 1 o f this W ill and Testament.
WILL EXECUTOR 2
Address
Tel.
(2) I give my Executor, herein named, power to settle any claim for or against my estate, and power
to sell any property, real, personal or mixed, in which I have an interest.
(3) I direct that no bond or surety for any bond be required for my Executor in the performance
o f his/her duties.
(4) It is my will that no other action shall be had in the court in the administration o f my estate
than to prove and record this will, and to return an inventory and appraisement o f my estate and
list o f claims.
1 This word should be substituted everywhere with "Executrix in the event that the person executing the will is female.
2 It is recommended that the Executor be a young, practicing Muslim. One may appoint a spouse, child, or friend.
(5) I hereby nominate and appoint one o f the follow ing, taken in the same sequence as dictated by
their availability and willingness, and so long as said person remains an upright and practicing
M uslim o f sound mind and judgement, to be the guardian o f the persons and estates o f such o f my
children as shall be minors at and after my death, during their minority:
GUARDIAN
Address
Tel.
A R T I C L E III - M Y A S S E T S A N D L IA B IL IT IE S
( 1 ) 1 own or am owed amounts and items, debts, trusts, businesses, properties, bank accounts, cash,
etc. as is detailed in the attached sheets. 1
(2) I ow e amounts and items, debts, trusts, etc. as is detailed in the attached sheets. 2
A R T I C L E IV - S E T T L E M E N T O F D E B T S A N D E X P E N S E S
(1) I direct that all trust properties in my possession be returned to their rightful owners. I further
direct that my Executor first applies the assets o f my estate to the payment o f all my legal debts,
including such expenses incurred by my last illness and burial, as w ell as the expenses o f the
administration o f my estate. I direct said Executor to pay any outstanding obligations that are
binding on me before Allah, including unpaid zakah (obligatory Isla m ic charity), vow s, kaffarat
(expiating Islam ic obligations), and unperformed H a jj (pilgrimage to Makkah).
(2) I direct that all inheritance, estate and succession taxes (including interest and penalties thereon),
payable by reason o f my death, shall be paid out of, and be charged generally against, the principal
o f my residuary estate without reimbursement from any person; except that this provision shall not
be construed as a waiver o f any right which my Executor has, by law or otherwise, to claim
reimbursement for any such taxes which becom e payable on account o f property, if any, over which
I have a pow er o f appointment.
(1) I bequeath the follow ing items and amounts as testamentary transfers and/or charitable
contributions to the named persons and organizations.
Total %
(2) The foregoing contributions shall be taken from the remainder o f my estate after execution of
Article IV, such that their total does not exceed one third o f said remainder. Otherwise, each o f the
foregoing contributions shall be proportionally reduced to make the total within the one-third limit.
A R T I C L E V I - D IS T R I B U T I O N O F T H E R E S ID U A R Y E S T A T E
(1) I direct and bequeath all o f my residuary estate, after the execution o f ARTICLES IV and V,
as well as any portion o f my estate disclaimed or refused by any o f the legatees named or referred
to in this W ill and Testament, only to my Muslim heirs w hose relationship to me, whether
ascending or descending, has occurred, at each and every stage, through blood relationship or lawful
marriage. The distribution o f my residuary estate shall be made strictly in accordance with the
Islam ic Law o f inheritance, as is summarized in the table attached herewith.
(2) I direct that no part o f my residuary estate shall be inherited by a non-Muslim relative, except
legatees specifically named in ARTICLE V.
(3) Should I die as a result o f murder, I direct that the adjudged murderer, principal or accessory
in the murder, shall be disqualified from receiving any part or share o f my estate.
(4) I direct that no part o f my estate shall be given to relatives w hose relationship to m e, whether
ascending or descending, has only occurred through non-Islam ic marriage, illicit contact, or
adoption, except: (a) legatees specifically named in ARTICLE V, or (b) individuals who are related
(5) I direct that any fetus, conceived before my death, w hose relationship to me qualifies it to be
a legal heir according to Islam , shall be considered an heir, provided that it is born alive, and within
a reasonable term 1 after my death. In such a case, the distribution o f my residuary estate after the
execution o f ARTICLES IV and V shall be delayed until after the birth o f the fetus. If som e o f the
other heirs are in urgent financial need, a disbursement may be extended to them not to exceed their'
minimum possible share after taking the fetuss share into consideration.
(6) I direct that any residuary estate, after the execution o f ARTICLES IV and V and sections 1
through 5 o f ARTICLE VI, to the follow ing tax-exempt Islam ic organization:
A R T I C L E V I I - S E P A R A B I L I T Y
I direct and ordain that if any part o f this last Will and Testament is determined invalid by a court
o f competent jurisdiction, the other parts shall remain valid and enforceable.
C O N C L U S I O N
I ask Allah to guide me and all the M uslims and grant us righteousness, a good end, and death
upon the testimony o f Islam .
1 A reasonable period is normally nine months, but varies among women. Thus, medical advise may need to be
consulted in doubtful cases.
The follow ing table provides the raw shares that are allocated to various individuals according
to the Islam ic law o f inheritance. These, together with the portions allotted to specific male
individuals such as sons and brothers (see follow ing notes), provide most o f the information needed
to determine the exact shares. In som e cases, additional fine-tuning may be needed as explained in
the notes. In order for an individual to receive a particular share, the required conditions for him
(or her) are marked with y (yes) or n (no). Ex., for a daughter to receive V2 o f the estate, U and
not(PA) must hold: only daughter, no brothers. A ll o f the conditions marked for a specific
individual must hold simultaneously. The only exception is when the mother gets 1/6, as indicated
below. Additional non-common conditions for som e individuals are also indicated.
Conditions
x/y Individual Additional Conditions & Notes
U BH MOH PA HBH FS Fa Mo 2MS
Husband n
3
y
n
Vi Sons S y
n n
F. sister y
n n n
P. sister y
n n n n
Husband y
'/
Wives n
V Wives y
s n n
Sons s n n n
%
F. sisters n n n n
P. sisters n n n n n
Mother n n
Vi
M. siblings n n n
Father y
P. Gfather y
n Replaces father in his absence
Sons Ss n
A higher ranking female must
simultaneously get Vi.
P. sisters n
M. sibling y
n n
U = unique (no other heirs in the same class of relationship to the deceased); BH = the deceased has branch-heirs (offspring
MOH = :the deceased has inale origin-heirs (father; P. Gfathers); PA = the heir has gatemal associates (brothers or cousi
of equal class); HBH = the heir has higher-ranking branch-heirs; FS = the deceased has full siblings; 2MS = the deceasi
has t w o or more siblings (half or full); Fa = the father survives the deceased; Mo = the mother survives the deceased.
N o t e s a n d G u id e l in e s
1. The share for 2 or more o f the same class (wives, daughters, etc.) is equally divided amor
them.
2. After giving the prescribed shares to the individuals who deserve them, the remainder is give
to the nearest male relative (or relatives o f the same class). The order o f priority is: offsprin;
fathers, brothers, paternal uncles. Thus, in a case involving 3 daughters, mother, grandson, ar
brother, the daughters get %, the mother 1/6, and the grandson receives the rest (1/6).
3. If there are brothers and sisters in the same class, the shares in the above table cease to ho]
for them, and a fem ales share becom es half a males. Thus, in the case o f 3 daughters, mothe
son, and brother, the mother gets 1/6, and the rest is divided among the 4 children, so that eac
daughter gets 1/6 and the son gets 1/3.
4. If the heirs all have prescribed shares according to the above table (no male heir to receive tl
rest), but their shares do not add up to 1, the shares are redistributed with a new denominati
so that they add up to 1. Thus, in a case involving 3 daughters and mother, the mother gets 1/
and the daughters 2/3, with a total o f 5/6. Taking 5 as the new denominator, the mother ge
1/5, and the daughters 4/5 (4/15 each).
On the other hand, if the case is that o f 3 daughters, mother, and husband, the daughte
get 2/3, the mother 1/6, and the husband 1/4, with a total o f 13/12. Taking 13 as the ne
denominator, the shares become 8/13, 2/13, and 3/13 respectively.
5. A special case is when a deceased is survived by a mother, a father and a spouse. After givir
the spouse her or his share (V* or Vi), the mother gets Vi o f the remainder, and the father ge
the %.
6. For maternal siblings, both males and fem ales receive equal shares (of the Vi).
7. In the absence o f all relatives o f the foregoing table, as w ell as all paternal male heirs, tl
female-linked relatives turn into heirs, with each one substituting for the originator o f his i
her link. Thus, a sisters daughter takes the position o f sister, etc.
estator. I
In witness whereof, have hereunto set my hand this day, in the presence of the witnesses
ereinafter named, who attest the same at my request.
Day / Month / Year Testators Signature
pouse. Realizing that some localities adopt the Community Property Rule, whereat one-half of the residual
state is considered property of the surviving spouse, I hereby decline such an allocation, declare my full
onsent to my spouses last will and testament, and resign my right to challenge it.
Spouses Name Spouse's Signature
Witnesses.1 We hereby certify that the above instrument was, on the date thereof, signed, published, and
eclared by the Testator,________________________________ as his/her last Will and Testament, in our
resence, who at his/her request and in his/her presence, and in the presence of each other, have hereunto
jbscribed our names as witnesses thereto2, believing said Testator at the time of so signing to be of sound
tind and memory.
Name and Information Signature
Tiis document is made in three copies, all the same and all original. One copy is with me, one is
eposited with the Executor, and one w ith ___________________________________________________ .
It is recommended to choose witnesses who are young, familiar with the Testator, and unlikely to move away soon.
Signatures should be done in the presence of the witnesses and a notary public. The signatures should be original on
all copies. The Testator should also initial each page of the will in the designated place at the bottom.
Before m e, on this day, personally appeared the undersigned, known to me to be the Testator and
the w itnesses, respectively, whose names are signed to the foregoing instrument. All o f these
persons were duly sworn by me. The Testator declared to me and to the witnesses, in my presence,
that the foregoing instrument is the Testators W ill and that the Testator willingly signed and
executed such instrument in the presence o f the witnesses, as the Testators free and voluntary acl
for the purposes expressed in the instrument.
Each o f the witnesses declared in the presence and hearing o f the Testator that the forgoing
instrument was executed and acknowledged by the Testator as the Testators W ill in their p resen t
and that they, in the Testators presence, hearing, and sight, and at the Testators request, and ir
the presence o f each other, did subscribe their names to the instrument as attesting witnesses on the
date o f the instrument, and that to the best o f their knowledge, the Testator was eighteen years oi
age or older, o f sound mind, under no constraint or undue influence, and the witnesses were ol
adult age and otherwise competent to be witnesses.
The above individuals subscribed, sworn to, and acknowledged before me,
Copyright Al-Kitaab & as-Sunnah Publishing (PO Box 2542, Arlington, TX 76004), 1999. All rights reserved.
A P P E N D IX II: A D D IT IO N A L F O R M S
107
D E B T S & L IA B IL IT IE S O W E D B Y M E
In the following table, I include the debts and liabilities that I owe to
various individuals and institutions. A positive amount indicates a debt
owed by me, a negative amount indicates a payment made by me.
Approx.
Item & Description Location
Value
Approx.
Item & Description Location
Value
W il l
In h e r it a n c e
113
References 114 The Final Bequest
General
A : G lo s s a r y o f C o m m o n T e rm s
Term Definition
Al-Fatihah The first chapter of the Quran.
Amin Means, 0 Allah, answer my supplication.
Ansar The Supporters: the residents of al-Madlnah who
supported the Prophet (H) and the Muhajirun.
Athan Call to the prayer.
Ayah A Quranic phrase approximately equal to one
sentence, but sometimes longer or shorter than that;
plural: ayat.
Ayat See ayah.
Bid ah Innovation in the creed or in acts of worship.
Dawah Call or mission.
Din Religion. It is usually used in reference to the religion
of Islam.
Dinar A valuable old currency that was made of gold.
115
Arabic Terms 116 The Final Bequest
Term Definition
Dirham A low-value old currency that was made of silver or
copper.
D ud Supplication.
Fair Dawn. It usually applies to the first obligatory prayer
of the day, whose time extends from dawn until
sunrise.
Fard Obligation.
Fard A communal obligation; if some Muslims perform it,
Kifayah the obligation is considered fulfilled by all; and if
none does, all Muslims are considered sinful.
Fard Ayn An individual obligation, i.e., an obligation that each
individual must fulfill.
Fatawa See fatwa.
Fatawl See fatwa.
Fatwa A religious verdict; plural; fatawa ox fatawl.
Fiqh The ability to understand and derive conclusions from
the available evidence. It is often applied to the
subject of Islamic jurisprudence that deals with the
practical regulations in Islam.
Fitnah Trial, test, or affliction.
Ghayb The world beyond our senses or perception.
Ghusl A ritual bath required after intercourse, ejaculation, or
after a women becomes clean from her menses.
Hadlth Reports of the Prophet's sayings, actions, and
approvals. We use hadlth (plural hadlths) to indicate
individual report(s), and Hadlth with upper case H to
indicate the subject of Hadlth specialty.
The Final Bequest 117 Arabic Terms
Term Definition
Hajj Pilgrimage to Makkah.
Haldl Permissible.
Halqah A circle or ring. It normally refers to a study circle.
Haram Prohibited.
Hasan Good or acceptable. This is usually mentioned when
indicating the degree of authenticity of some reports.
Hijrah Migration. It usually refers to migration from Makkah
to al-Madlnah.
Imam A leader or distinguished Islamic scholar.
I,man Belief or conviction.
Ijtihad A scholarly and serious research of a matter of the
shariah attempting thereby to reach a correct ruling.
Isnad Chain of narrators of a hadTth.
Jahiliyyah The era of extreme ignorance (jahl) and disbelief that
preceded the advent of the Prophet Muhammad (0 ).
Jama ah A Muslim congregation or gathering. Al-Jamaah (the
Jama ah) refers to the original community of the
sahabah and their true followers through the times.
Janazah A funeral or a deceaseds prepared body.
Jannah The gardens of paradise.
Jihad Striving or fighting for Allahs cause.
Jinn An indivisible creation that Allah created from fire and
smoke, and to which belongs Satan. It is sometimes
translated as demons.
Jumuah Friday. It also applies to the Friday prayer.
Arabic Terms 118 The Final Bequest
Term Definition
Kafir See Jtw/r.
Khamr Alcoholic beverages.
Kufr Disbelief or rejection of faith. One who practices it is
a kafir.
Khutbah Speech or sermon, normally delivered in the masjid.
Maghrib Sunset. It usually applies to the fourth obligatory
prayer of the day, whose time extends from sunset
until the disappearance of the red light from the
horizon.
Makruh Disapproved in Islam.
Mahram A person who is closely related to another in such a
way as to permanently prohibit them from marrying
each other. This relationship results from blood,
suckling, or marriage ties. A womans mahrams are:
her father, grandfather, son, grandson, brother,
immediate uncle (from the mothers or fathers side),
father in law, son in law, foster son, foster brother,
etc. Examples of non-mahrams: cousins (from both
sides), step brothers, brothers in law, etc.
Masjid A place designated for sujud. It usually refers to a
mosque.
Mathhab Way or approach. It usually refers to one of the four
Islamic schools of fiqh established by the Four Imams:
Abu Hanlfah an-Nu'man Bin Thabit, Malik Bin Anas,
Muhammad Bin Idris ash-Shafit, and Ahmad Bin
Hanbal May Allah bestow His mercy on them all.
Muhajirun The sahabah who made Hijrah from Makkah to al-
Madlnah.
The Final Bequest 119 Arabic Terms
Term Definition
Musalla A place designated for salah. Most commonly, it
applies to the grounds where the prayers of 'id and
janazah are performed.
Mushrik See shirk.
Qadar Allahs decree and measure.
Qiblah The direction of al-Ka'bah in Makkah.
Qudusi Holy. A qudusi hadith is a hadith that the Prophet ( 0 )
relates from his Lord (t$g).
Rak'ah See ruku.
Ramadan The month of fasting. It is the ninth month of the
Islamic lunar calendar.
Ruku The act of bowing in the prayer. From this, raltah,
refers to a full unit of prayer because it contains only
one ruku.
Sadaqah Charity.
Sahabah The Prophet's companions; singular sahabi.
Salaf The early righteous pioneers and scholars of
Islamthe sahabah and their true followers.
Salah The prayer.
Salam Peace. It also means the greeting with peace {as-
salamu alaykum) among the Muslims.
Shahadah Testimony; it commonly applies to the testimony of
Islam that, there is no true deity but Allah, and
Muhammad is Allahs Messenger. It is also often
applied to the most truthful form of physical
testimony, which is martyrdom for Allahs (t$g) cause.
A person thus killed is called a shahid.
Arabic Terms 120 The Final Bequest
Term Definition
Shahid See shahadah. Feminine: Shahldah.
Shar Law or legislation. It is usually used specifically in
reference to the Islamic Law. The same applies to
Shariah.
Shariah See shar.
Shirk Polytheism, ascribing divinity to other than Allah, or
joining partners with Him in worship. A pagan or a
person who practices shirk is a mushrik.
Siyam Fasting.
Sujud The act of prostration in the prayer.
Sunnah Way, guidance, teachings, etc.
Surah Quranic chapter.
Tabiiin The students of the sahabah. Singular: tabil.
Tafslr Quranic commentaries and interpretations.
Takblr Saying Allahu Akbar Allah is the greatest.
Taqwa Fearing Allah and revering him.
Tasllm Saying salam.
Thikr Remembering Allah and mentioning Him.
Ummah Community or nation.
Wajib Obligatory or required.
Wudit Ablution for the prayer. It consists of rinsing the
mouth, blowing the nose, washing the face, washing
the forearms to the elbows, wiping over the head
(including the ears), and washing the feet up to the
ankles.
The Final Bequest 1 2 1 Arabic Terms
Term Definition
Zakdh Obligatory charity.
B :In d e x
Fard 59 Radd 71
Fara id 52 Tarbiyah xiii
Furiid 59 Tasfiyah xiii
Hajaba Thaw ul-Arham 79
Hajb 64, 66 Wald1 55
Haya 53 Wasiyyah 7
Kalalah 35 'Awal 68
Kayf xxvi Tddah 34, 54
Khal 38 Usbah 63
Lahd 23 Ta sib 63
Mahr 30 'Asib 63
Munasakhah 74