Transverse Flux Motor Drive Dynamics
Transverse Flux Motor Drive Dynamics
Transverse Flux Motor Drive Dynamics
Abstract - The transverse nux motor (TFM) can be an If the stator poles are aligned for all phases then the
important competitor on the variable-speed-direct-drive rotor poles must be shifted adequately to obtain the
domain due to its vety high torque density. The transverse necessary spatial displacement. TFRM must have three or
nux reluctance motor (TFRM) is the simplest structure of the
more then three phases in order to avoid start-up
TFM class. The TFRM's mathematical model is developed in
difficulties and to obtain continuous rotation. The TFRM
the paper and the motor's dynamic regime is studied via
has to be supplied by a power electronic converter, which
MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment.
gives unipolar pulses precisely synchronized with the rotor
position. The converter, usually of asymmetric half bridge
l. INTRODUCTION
type, is quite the same as for the SRM [2]. Such a
converter assures an independent current variation on each
The TFR machine is a variant of the TF machine with
phase.
passive rotor. The TFRM has a ring winding with salient
poles on the stator and only salient poles on the rotor. The TFRM behaves as the SRM and its control is quite
similar. The TFRM requires rotor position sensing to
J\ part of a TFRM phase module, given in linear layout
control the current commutation from phase to phase. An
for better understanding. is given in Fig. I.
encoder attached to the shaft supplies usually the rotor
position, but a specific technique for indirect sensing can
be applied.
A performant drive system cannot be obtained only with
sta.tor very well designed and constructed motors. ft requires a
suitable power electronic converter and adequate torque,
speed and current controllers. Computer simulation of the
entire drive system enables verification of the motor design
and of the drive system ability to match the load torque
distinctive over the entire speed range in steady-state and transient
tooth
regime. The steady-state regime can be covered adequately
with the simplified mathematical model used for
design-estimation, or by finite element (FEM) analysis (2.
3 ]. Simulation of the entire drive system requires the
mathematical model of the TFRM and of the other
Fig. 1. A part of a TFRM phase model [2]
components as well as their interconnections. Some
The TFRM has quite the same features as the switched attempts to present the TFRM mathematical model were
reluctance motor (SRM), the main differences consisting in previously made [4, 5, 6], but they did not cover entirely
the homopolar stator ring winding and the equal number of the subject. In this paper the TFRM mathematical model is
poles on the stator and rotor [ 1, 2]. As i n the case of all studied on analytical base, as well as by simulation via the
TFM's each TFRM phase is an independent machine, the MATLAB/SlMUUNK programming environment.
phase modules being placed one after another on the axial
direction. In Fig. 2 the TFRM's phases have a common l l . THE TFRM MATHEMATICAL MODEL
yoke but they can be totally independent.
Stator yoke Stator pole The TFRM has independent phases, then its
mathematical model is given by the equations:
Stator
phase coil
v= R . dA.
t+ (I)
dt
A.=L(O,i)i (2)
i
T ()Wm = .!!__ J-! .:t- (O,i) di
(){)
=
dO 0 2
Rotor salient pole
393
where v, i, A, and R arc the phase voltage, current, flux ?: R
linkages and resistance and T, 7/, Tr are the kc R = --
---' =--- (12)
t:R -rg
electromagnetic, load and friction torque respectively.
The rotor position electric angle () is given by the where tR is the rotor pole pitch and bRs the rotor slot width
equation: The saturation factor ks depends on the phase current
d() and can be computed in aligned position, as
-=(t)=pQ (5)
dt ks = f(i) (13)
where the number of pole pairs p is equal to the number of
The variable air-gap flux density is:
stator, or rotor, pole pieces, Q?'QR.
The friction torque depends on the machine speed, but B g(B,i)=Ff.Lo P(B)
usually it has smaller value and is neglected against the
load torque at low speed. B g(B,i)= F f.lo (1+PR sin B) (I4)
I = --"-
' -- ---
(19)
P(B,i)=(l+PR sinB ) (6)
g N, Ap and /being the phase number of turns, the stator pole
where is the permeance coefficient area and the phase rms current.
PR with slots
considered only on the rotor, [2]: By now the flux linkages derivative can be computed as:
dA.(B,i) = di + CJL(B,i). dB
L(B,i) i (ZO)
PR:::::!:... fJ kcR. sin L.L ;r
( ) (7) dt dt ()() dt
;r fJ '>R 2
which leads to:
with
g * = kcR ks g (11)
N PR Bg max
k =-Q2. A . (23)
with the Carter's factor is given by: T 2 S P I+ PR
391
The proposed simplified mathematical model contains dQ
0.3 (K r i cos() - T1 ) (25)
the equations ( 1), (4), (21) and
(22) with the necessary
-=
dt
K r = 2.4If2 (!)
The entire TFRM drive system is simulated based on
Some results obtained for a run up when the rotor initial
MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment. It means
position is unaligned, fJ=O, and the final one is aligned,
that, for only one phase current duty cycle, the hysteresis
fJ=td2, arc given in the next figures.
current controller and the asymmetric half bridge
The phase voltage variation function of time is shown in
electronic converter were simulated together with TFRM.
Fig. 4a. In Fig. 4b for better understanding purpose a zoom
The considered dynamic regime is the run on regime for
of the conduction period's end is given.
one stroke. The main data of the TFRM are given i n
Table I.
TABLE I.
200
, '<s-------;------::'5-=----
.3 --
--'-----
___J
4. 5
I)O) 10 X
b)
Fig. 4. Phase voltage variation
The current, Fig. 5, is kept almost constant at its
maximum value.
nor-------
200
-------+CJ 1111
IlD
Fig. 3. The SIMULINK model of the TFRM
J.IO
The model is based on the following equations: _120
:!.
- HJJ
PR cos() )
v-(R+QR O. Md i Ill
di I+PR
(24)
dt
(l+ PR sin B)+ Lsa
l+PR
/:;----;;;';;
0 5:-7-
- --;-
';:-
1 5---
2 ::':
2 5:---7-----: :" 5--.:-----:5
3'::-
t!J x1o
'
395
The plot of the rotor speed versus time is given in Fig. 6. Since the current is kept almost constant at the
maximum value, ks is constant too, and consequently Md
and Kr have a fixed value computed with the maximwn
04 stator MMF.
035 The proposed mathematical model is simple and quite
03 accurate. It is well fitted for dynamic regime study, as it
comes out from the given simulation results.
IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
0.15
0.1 The work was possible due to the support given by the
Joint Hungarian - Romanian Intergovernmental S & T
005
Co-operation Program under grant 17/2002.
0 2--2 . 5--35. --7-5
1 E --
o The researches were supported also by the National
[sJ 10"
Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education
Fig. 6. Rotor speed variation (Romanian Ministry of Education and Research) through a
The angular displacement of the TFRM is given m grant offered to the authors.
Fig. 7.
V. REFERENCES
396