Laboratory Exercises

Saint Paul University Philippines
DIT 305 : E-Commerce

Professor: Dr. Amando P. Singun, Jr.
Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Laboratory Exercises *Practical
Windows Apache, MySQL, and PHP
What is PHP?
- Hypertext Preprocessor
- A Scripting Language
Sending feedback
from your website
directly to your
mailbox
Sending email with
attachments
Uploading files to a web page

Watermarking images
Generating thumbnails from
larger images
Displaying & updating
information dynamically
Using a database to display
and store information
Making websites searchable
And much more . . .
What is PHP?
- Platform-neutral
- FOSS
- Started in 1995 as Personal
Home Page
- Developed further, adding
extensive support for OOP
in PHP 5

What is PHP?
- Server-Side language
(versus JavaScript, CSS)
How Safe is PHP?

What is important is to
understand the basic principle of
PHP safety: always check user input
before processing it.
How to test PHP pages on your

computer?
- A Web Server (Apache or IIS)
- PHP
- MySQL (if working w/
database)

WAMP means
- Windows Apache
- MySQL
- PHP

Note:
Always SAVE How to check php version?
your work in the
server root
folder.
Step 1. Open Notepad
Step 2. Type these codes:
<?php echo phpversion( ); ?>
Step 3. Save as phptest1.php

How to check if php is working on

Windows?
Step 1. Open Notepad
Step 2. Type these codes:
<?php phpinfo( ); ?>
Step 3. Save as phptest2.php

Every PHP Page must have the ff:

- Opening & closing php tags
<?php phpinfo( ); ?>

Or
<?php
phpinfo( );
?>

A typical PHP page will use some

or all of the following elements:
- Variables
- Arrays
- Conditional Statements
- Loops
- Functions

Naming Variables
Rules:
1. Variables always begin with a
dollar sign ($).
2. The first character after the
dollar sign cannot be a number.
3. No spaces or punctuation are
allowed, except for the
underscore (_).
4. Variable names are case-sensitive:

$startYear and $startyear are not
the same.
Examples:
$startYear, $thisYear
$start_year, $this_year

Exercise: Is the variable VALID or

INVALID?
1) $lowestPrice VALID
2) $_product VALID
3) $5thCustomer INVALID
4) $invoice% INVALID
5) $discount_ VALID
6) $PRICE VALID
7) $phone number INVALID
Assigning Values to Variables

Syntax:
$variable=value;
Ending Commands w/ a
semicolon
<?php echo phpversion( ); ?>

Commenting Scripts
- Single-line comments
// this is a comment
Instead of the //, you can also

use the hash or pound sign #.
###############
### Menu section ###
###############
- Multiline comments
/* this is a multiline comment
and is ignored by the php
engine*/

Exercise:
Write the codes to declare a variable
named txt and to display the text -
Hello World.

Answer:
<?php
$txt=Hello World;
echo $txt;
?>

Note:
PHP ignores
Concatenation
white space in
code.
$firstName = Amando';
$lastName = Singun';
echo $firstName . $lastName;
// displays AmandoSingun

Note:
You must either $firstName = Amando';
include a space
in one of the
$lastName = Singun';
strings or insert
the space as a
string echo $firstName.' '.$lastName;
in its own right
// displays Amando Singun

Note:
String means
When to Use Quotes
a set of
characters in $txt=Hello World;
text. $txt=Hello World;
$startYear = 2006;
$course['title'] = E-Commerce';
Rules:
Numbers: No quotes
Text: Requires quotes
$course[prof'] = Professors name is

Dr. Amando.;
Rule:
Quotes must always be in matching
pairs

Note:
An apostrophe $course[prof'] = Professors name is
inside a single-
quoted string Dr. Amando;
confuses the
PHP engine.
$course[prof'] = Professors name
is Dr. Amando ;
Rule:
Quotes must always be in matching
pairs

How to solve this problem?

2 Ways:
1. Use double quotes if the text
includes any apostrophes.
2. Precede apostrophes with a
backslash (this is known as
escaping).
Rewrite:
$course[prof'] = Professors
name is Dr. Amando.;
Evaluate:
$profName = Professors name
Dr. Amando ;

Answer(s):
$profName = Professor\s name
Dr. Amando ;
$profName = Professors name

\Dr. Amando\ ;

Exercise:
Concatenate the following w/ a space
between:
The value of txt1 is Hello World!
The value of txt2 is What a nice
day!

Laboratory Exercise:
Concatenation

<?php
$firstname="AMANDO";
$middlename="PIMENTEL";
$lastname="SINGUN";
$space=" ";
$fullname=
$firstname.$space.$middlename.$space.$lastname;
echo $fullname;
?>

Answer:
<?php
$txt1=Hello World;
$txt2=What a nice day!;
echo $txt1. .$txt2;

?>

//Dealing with arithmetic

<?php
$add=1+2;
$sub=2-1;
$mul=1*2;
$div=2/2;
$mod=5 % 2;
echo " ARITHMETIC OPERATORS<br/>";
echo "1 plus 2 equals ".$add."<br/>";
?>

Run the ©

Source Codes: <?php
$startYear=2007;
$thisYear=date(Y);
if($startYear==$thisYear){
echo $startYear; }
else{
echo {$startYear}-{$thisYear};
}
?>
AMANDO SINGUN, JR.
Forms
Output: form1.html

Output: process1.php

Forms
Output: form2.html

Forms
Output: process2.php

Forms
Output: form3.php

Forms
After clicking SEND button, it displays the output below

Note:
Decision
Making Decisions
making in PHP
uses
conditional
statements.
if statement only if a specified
condition is true
ifelse statement if one condition

is true and another is false

ifelseifelse statement to select

one of several blocks of code to be
executed
switch statement to select one of

many blocks of code to be
executed

Note:
Conditional if ($status == 'administrator') {
statements
checks whether // send to admin page
the condition
being
}
tested equates to
true.

Note:
Conditional
statements
if ($status == 'administrator') {
checks whether // send to admin page
the condition
being }
tested equates to else {
true.
// refuse entry to admin area
}

Note: If you
want a default
action to be
if (condition is true) {
invoked, use // code to be executed if
else.
condition is true
}
else {
// default code to run if condition
is false
}

Note: If you
want more if (condition is true) {
alternatives/opti // code to be executed if first condition is
ons, use elseif. true
}
elseif (second condition is true) {
// code to be executed if first condition fails
// but second condition is true
else {
// default code to run if both conditions are
false
}
Exercise:
If the current day is Sunday,
display Have a nice Sunday!
What conditional statement are you

going to use? Why? Give the codes.

<?php
$day=date("D");
if($day=="Wed");
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
?>

Exercise:
If the current day is Sunday, the
output is Have a nice Sunday!,
otherwise the output is Have a
nice day!.

<?php
$day=date("D");
if($day== Sun")
echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>

Note: Observe:
If more than one
line should be <?php
executed if a $day=date("D");
condition is
true/false, the
lines should be if($day==Sun")
enclosed within {
curly brackets.
echo "Hello! <br />";
echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
echo See you next meeting!";
}
?>
Exercise:
If the current day is Thursday, the
output is Happy holiday! and
if the current day is Friday the
output is Happy Friday!.
Otherwise, the output is Enjoy
your working day!
<?php
$day=date('D');
if($day=="Thu")
echo "Happy holiday!";
elseif($day=="Fri")
echo "Happy Friday!";
else
echo "Enjoy your working day!";
?>
Using variables to represent

changing values
Exercise: Copyright Code
2017 AMANDO SINGUN, JR.
After 5 years, it has to be auto-updated as

2017-2022 AMANDO SINGUN, JR.

Each crayon costs Forms with Conditional Statements

0.500
Go back to your previous work
Each Clip costs
0.200 form1.php
Each Colored Paper
costs 0.100

Each crayon costs process1.php

0.500
Each Clip costs

0.200
Each Colored Paper

costs 0.100

<html> Laboratory Exercises *Practical
<head> Windows Apache, MySQL, and PHP
<title>formA</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="pink">
<form action="process1.php" method="POST">
Name: <input type="text" name="name">

Items: <select name="items">
<option>SELECT HERE</option>
<option>Crayons</option>
<option>Clips</option>
<option>Colored Papers</option>
</select>
Quantity: <Input type="text" name="quantity">
Windows
<input type="Submit" Apache, MySQL, and PHP
name="submit"
value="Order">
</form>
</body>
</html>

<?php Laboratory Exercises *Practical
$name=$_POST['name'];
$items=$_POST['items'];
$quantity=$_POST['quantity'];
echo "<font color='red'>";

echo "Welcome ".$name."<br>";
echo "You have bought ".$quantity." of
".$items.".<br>";

if($items=='Crayons') Laboratory Exercises *Practical
{
$price=$quantity * 0.500;
echo "The total price is ".$price;
if($price < 1)
echo " baiza.";
elseif($price >= 1 && $price == 1)
echo " rial. ";
else
echo " rials.";
echo "<br>";
}
elseif($items=='Clips') Laboratory Exercises *Practical
{
echo "The total price is ".$quantity *
0.200."<br>";
if($price < 1)
echo " baiza.";
echo " rial. ";
else
echo " rials.";
echo "<br>";
}
else Laboratory Exercises *Practical
{ Windows Apache, MySQL, and PHP
$price=$quantity * 0.100;
echo "The total price is ".$price."<br>";
if($price < 1)
echo " baiza.";
echo " rial. ";
else
echo " rials.";
echo "<br>";
}
echo "</font>"; Windows Apache, MySQL, and PHP
echo "<br>";
echo "<a href='form1.html'>"."Back"."</a>";
?>

NetPay.php
Condition NET PAY is computed as
If the employee Basic 3% of Basic Salary

Salary is more than or equal
to 1000

to 500

to 100
If the employee Basic Very Low Earner!

Salary is less than 100

You can test your work

Note: Loops
Loops are huge
time-savers for loops through a block of code
because they within a specified number of
perform the
same task over times
and over again
with little codes.
while loops through a block of code
while a specified condition is true
dowhile loops through a block of

code once, and then repeats the
loop as long as a specified
condition is true
foreach loops through a block of

code for each element in an
array

for Loop
for (initial statement; condition for

the loop; end-loop condition)
{
// code to be executed;
}

Output: Guess the output of the following:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
for ($count=1; $count<11;
$count=$count+1)
{
echo $count;
echo ;
}


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
for ($count=1; $count<11;
$count=$count+1)
{
echo $count;
echo ;
}

Write the for loop statement:

Display even numbers from 2 to 10

while Loop
while (condition)
{
}

Guess the output of the following:

<?php
$i=1;
while ($i<=5)
{
echo The number is .$i.<br />;
$i++;
}
?>


The number is 1
The number is 2 <?php
The number is 3
The number is 4 $i=1; 654321 True
False It will stop there.
The number is 5
while ($i<=5)
{ 54321
$i++;
65432
}
?>

dowhile Loop
do
{
}
while (condition)

Guess the output of the following:

<?php
$i=1;
do
{
$i++;
}
while ($i<=5);
?>

The number is 2
The number is 3 <?php
The number is 4
The number is 5 $i=1;
The number is 6
do
{ 3+1
5+1 = 45326 It will stop increment here.
1+1
2+1
4+1
$i++; 32654
}
while ($i<=5);
?>
Output: Exercise: Find the output.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$count = 1;
while ($count < 11)
{
echo $count;
echo ;
$count = $count + 1;
}
Now, convert the codes into do-while loop.
More Exercises


Display 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Convert this to While and

Do-While loop statements.


Display 2 4 8



Display 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30





Answer:
for($i=3;$i>=1;$i-=2)
{
for($x=$i; $x>=1; $x--)
{
echo "*";
}
echo "</br>";
}
?>
Find the Output:

<?php
for($i=7;$i>=1;$i-=2)
{
for($j=$i;$j>=1;$j--)
{
echo "*";
}
echo "</br>";
}
?>
Find the Output:

<?php
$a=3; $b=4;
do{
$a=$a+$b;
$b=$a-$b;
$a=$a-$b;
echo $a.$b;
}
while($a > $b)
Answer:
4334

for($i=7;$i>=1;$i-=2)
{
for($j=$i;$j>=1;$j--)
{
echo "*";
}
echo "</br>";
}
?>
foreach Loop

Note: Guess the output of the following:

if ($counter % 2 ==
0) <?php
// Go through each table
for ($table=1; $table<13; $table++)
{
echo "<p><b>The " . $table . " Times Table</b>\n";
// Produce 12 lines for each table
for ($counter=1; $counter<13; $counter++)
{
$answer = $table * $counter;
// Is this an even-number counter?
if ($counter % 2 == 0)
// Yes, so print this line in bold
echo "<br><b>$counter x $table = " .
"$answer</b>";
else
// No, so print this in normal face
echo "<br>$counter x $table = $answer";
}
}
?>

Note:
Functions are
Functions
easy to identify
in PHP code
because theyre $thisYear = date('Y');
always followed //passing an argument to a function.
by a pair of
parentheses
$thisMonth = date('M');
$mailSent = mail($to, $subject,

$message);

Displaying PHP Output
$name = Amando';
echo $name; // displays Amando
echo 2010; // displays 2010
echo Amando'; // displays Amando

echo(Amando'); // displays Amando

PHP Error Messages
Where it went wrong?
Severity of Error What went wrong?

Categories of Error (in

descending order of
importance)
1) Fatal error
2) Parse error
3) Warning
4) Notice

Note:
PHP is what is
Data Types in PHP
known as a
weakly typed 1) Integer
language.
2) Floating-point number
3) String
4) Boolean
5) Array
6) Object
7) Resource
8) NULL
$fruit = '2 apples';

$veg = ' 2 carrots';
echo $fruit + $veg;
// displays 4
$fruit = '2 apples';

$veg = ' and 2 carrots';
echo $fruit + $veg;
// displays 2

Given: Arithmetic Operators in PHP

$x = 20;
$y = 10; Addition + $x + $y = 30
$z = 2; Subtraction - $x - $y = 10
Multiplication * $x * $y = 200
Division / $x / $y = 2
Modulo division % $x % $z = 0
Increment (adds 1) ++ $x++ = 21
Decrement (subtracts 1) -- $y-- = 9

Note:
PHP is what is Given:
known as a
weakly typed
$x = 20; $x + $y = 30
language. $y = 10; $x - $y = 10
$z = 2; $x * $y = 200
$x / $y = 2
$x % $z = 0
$x++ = 21
$y-- = 9

Note:
Use parentheses 26 % 5 = 1
all the time to
group the parts
10 % 2 = 0
of a calculation
that you want
to make sure are
performed as a Order of Calculation
single unit.
( ) M-D-A-S

Evaluate:
$result = 2 * 2 + 3 * 3 + 5;
=4+3*3+5
=4+9+5
Left-to-Right Rule
= 13 + 5
= 18

Arithmetic Operators

<?php
$add=1+2;
$sub=2-1;
$mul=1*2;
$div=2/2;
$mod=5 % 2;
echo " ARITHMETIC OPERATORS<br/>";
echo "1 plus 2 equals ".$add."<br/>";
echo "2 minus 1 equals ".$sub."<br/>";
echo "1 times 2 equals ".$mul."<br/>";
echo "2 divided 2 equals ".$div."<br/>";
echo "5 modulu 2 equals ".$mod."<br/>";
?>
Assignment Operators
= $a=$b $a = $b
+= $a += $b $a = $a + $b
-= $a -= $b $a = $a - $b
*= $a *= $b $a = $a * $b
/= $a /= $b $a = $a / $b
%= $a %= $b $a = $a % $b
.= $a .= $b $a = $a . $b

Comparison Operators
== 5==8 FALSE
> 5>8 TRUE
< 5<8 TRUE
<> 5 <> 8 TRUE
!= 5 != 8 TRUE
>= 5>=8 FALSE
<= 5 <= 8 TRUE

Logical Operators
&& and
Given: Evaluate:
x=6 (x<10 && y>1)
y=3 T T
TRUE

|| or
Given: Evaluate:
x=6 (x<10 || y>9)
y=3 T F
TRUE

! not
Given: Evaluate:
x=6 !(x==y)
y=3 F
TRUE

Note:
Technically How PHP Treats Variables
speaking, using Inside Strings
double quotes
when you dont $name = Amando';
need to process // Single quotes: $name is treated as literal
any variables
is inefficient.
text
echo 'Hello, $name';
$name = Amando';
// Double quotes: $name is processed
echo "Hello, $name";
Note: Escape Sequences Inside

The escape
sequences listed Double Quotes
in on the right
side, with the
\" Double quote
exception of \\, \n New line
work only in \r Carriage return
double-quoted \t Tab
strings. \\ Backslash
\$ Dollar sign
\{ Opening curly brace
\} Closing curly brace
\[ Opening square bracket
\] Closing square bracket
Form between HTML and PHP

Main.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Ordering SYstem</title>
</head>
<body>
WELCOME TO APS ART SUPPLIES SHOP <br>
<form action="process.php" method="POST">
<select name="item">
<option>Paint</option>
<option>Brush</option>
<option>Eraser</option>
</select>

</select>
&nbsp Quantity<input type="textbox"
name="quantity">
<input type="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Process.php
<?php
$item= $_POST['item'];
$quantity= $_POST['quantity'];
echo "You ordered ".$quantity. " of ".$item." .<br/>";
echo "Thank you for shopping at APS Art Supplies
Shop!";
?>

Note:
The indexed
Array
array key is not - Array Elements
enclosed in
quotes.
The first item in the array, oil, is
referred to as $shoppingList[0],
not $shoppingList[1].
And although there are five
items, the last one (grapes) is
$shoppingList[4].
- Indexed Array

Note:
The associative $course['title'] = E-Commerce';
array key is
enclosed in
$course[code'] = BAEB2203';
quotes (single or $course[passingMark'] = C-';
double, it $course[lecturer'] = Mr. Amando';
doesnt matter)
- Associative Array

- Built-in superglobal Arrays

All begin with a dollar sign
followed by an underscore.
E.g. $_POST
$_GET
$_POST[address]=1600 Pennsylvania
Avenue;
- Built-in superglobal Arrays We Will

Use in this Course
1. $_POST: This contains values sent
through the post method. Example: send the
content of an online feedback form by email
to your inbox.
2. $_GET: This contains values sent

through a URL query string. Example: To
pass information to a database.

3. $_SERVER: This contains information

stored by the web server, such as filename,
pathname, hostname, etc.
4. $_FILES: This contains details of file

uploads.
5. $_SESSION: This stores information

that you want to preserve so that it's
available
to other pages. Example: Used to create a
simple login system.

End of
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Saint Paul University Philippines

DIT 305 : E-Commerce

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Uploading files to a web page

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

How Safe is PHP?

How to test PHP pages on your

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

How to check if php is working on

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Every PHP Page must have the ff:

<?php phpinfo( ); ?>

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

A typical PHP page will use some

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

4. Variable names are case-sensitive:

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Exercise: Is the variable VALID or

Assigning Values to Variables

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Instead of the //, you can also

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

echo $firstName . $lastName;

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

// displays Amando Singun

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

$course[prof'] = Professors name is

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

How to solve this problem?

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

$profName = Professors name

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

echo $txt1. .$txt2;

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

//Dealing with arithmetic

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Run the &copy;

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

ifelse statement if one condition

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

ifelseifelse statement to select

switch statement to select one of

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2017 AMANDO P. SINGUN. All Rights Reserved.

What conditional statement are you

Run the ©