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IS 11669 (1986): General Principles of Dimensioning on

Technical Drawings [PGD 24: Drawings]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B


BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
 IS : 11669 - 1986
UDC 74443 : 621.7531 IS0 129 - 1985
Indian Standard
( Reaffirmed 1999 )
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
DIMENS-IONING ON TECHNICAL DRAWINGS
1 I ( IS0 Title : Technical Drawings-Dimensioning-General
El
Principles, .Definitions, Methods of Execution and
Special Indications )

National Foreword

This Indian Standard, which is identical with IS0 129 - 1985 Technical drawings- Dimension-
ing-General principles, definitions, methods of execution and special indications issued by the
International Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ), was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on the recommendation of the Drawings Sectional Committee and approval of the Mechanical
Engineering Division CouncilL

An Indian Standard IS : 696 Code of practice for general engineering drawings (second
revision ) was originally issued in 1955 and was revised in 1960 as a consequence of the changeover
to metric system of weights and measures. The second revision of IS : 696 was carried out in 1972
to bring it more in line with recommendation published by Technical Committee TC 10 - Technical
Drawings of the International Organization for Standardization.

IS0 has published a number of standards on various subjects covered in IS : 696 - 1972. This
standard is an adoption of IS0 129 - 1985 on the subject and it supersedes the relevant subject
covered in Section 4 of IS : 696 - 1972.

Wherever the words International Standard appear, referring to this standard, they should be
read as Indian Standard.

Cross References

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard

IS0 128 _ 1982 IS : 10714-1983 General principles of present-
ation of technical drawings
( Identical )
IS0 406 - 1982 IS : 11667 - 1985 Indications of linear end
angular tolerances on technical drawings
( Identical )
IS0 1660 - 1982 IS : 8000 ( Part 3 ) - 1985 Geometrical toleranc-
ing on technical drawings : Part 3 Dimen-
sioning and tolerancing of profiles
( Identical )

IS0 3040 - 1974 IS : 10718; 1983 Method of dimensioning and

tolerancing cones on technical drawings
( Identical )
IS0 3098/l-1974 IS : 9609 ( Part 1 ) - 1983 Lettering on techni-
cal drawings : Part 1 English characters
( first revision )
(Identical )
IS0 6428 - 1982 IS : 10164 - 1985 Requirements to execute
technical drawings for microcopying (first
revision )
( identical )

There is no Indian Standard corresponding to IS0 2596 - 1973 to which reference has been
made in 2.

Adopted 4 July 1986 8 December 1986, ISI Gr 7

I I

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

MANAK BHAVAN, @ BAHADUR SHAH ZAF4R MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
-IS : il669 - 1986
IS0 129 - 1985

1 Scope and field of application ISO 2595, Building drawings - Dimensioning of production
drawings - Representation of manufacturing and work sizes.
This International Standard establishes the general principles of
IS0 3040, Technical drawings - Dimensioning and tolerancing
dimensioning applicable in all fields (i.e., mechanical, electrical,
cones.
civil engineering, architecture, etc.). It is possible that in some
specific technical areas, the general rules and conventions will IS0 3098/l, Technical drawings - Lettering - Part 1: Cur-
not cover all the needs of specialized practices adequately. In rently used characters.
such cases additional rules may be laid down in standards
specific to these areas. However, the general principles of this IS0 6428, Technical drawings - Requirements for micro-
International Standard shall be followed to facilitate the inter- copying.
national exchange of drawings and to ensure the coherence of
drawings in a comprehensive system relating to several
technical fields. 3 %eneral principles

The figures, as shown in this International Standard, merely 3.1 Definitions

illustrate the text and are not intended to reflect actual usage.
The figures are consequently simplified to indicate only the For the purposes of this International Standard, the following
relevant general principles applicable in any technical area. definitions apply.

3.1.1 dimension: A numerical value expressed in appropriate

units of measurement and indicated graphically on technical
2 References drawings with lines, symbols and notes.

IS0 128, Technical drawings - C(eneralprinciples of presenta- Dimensions are classified according to the following types :
tion.
3.1.1.1 functional dimension : H drmension that is essential
IS0 406, Technical drawings - Linear and angular tolerancing to the function of the piece or space. (See F in figure 1.)
- Indications on drawings.
3.1.1.2 non-functional dimension : A dimension that is not
IS0 1660, Technical drawings - Dimensioning and tolerancing essential to the function of the piece or space. (See NF in
of nrofrles. figure 1:)

a) Design requirement b) Shoulder screw cj Threaded hole

Figure 1 - Functional, non-functional and auxiliary dimensions

2
 IS:11669-1986
IS0 129 - 1985

3.1.1.3 auxiliary dimension: A dimension given for infor-

mation purposes only. It does not govern production or inspec-
tion operations and is derived from other values shown on the
drawing or in related documents. An auxiliary dimension is
given in parentheses and no tolerance applies to it. (See
AUX in figure 1 .I

3.1.2 feature : An individual characteristic such as a flat sur-

face, a cylindrical surface, two parallel surfaces, a shoulder, a Figure 2 - Functional dimensioning
screw thread, a slot, a profile, etc.

3.1.3 end product : The complete part ready for assembly or Occasionally indirect functional dimensioning is justified or
service or a configuration produced from a drawing specifica- necessary. In such cases, care shall be exercised so that the
tion. An end product may also be a part ready for further pro- effect of directly shown functional dimensioning is maintained.
cessing (for example, the product of a foundry or forge) or a Figure 3 shows the effect of acceptable indirect functional
configuration needing further processing. dimensioning that maintains the dimensional requirements

___.
established by figure 2.

3.2 Application

FE
3.2.1 All dimensional information necessary to define a part
.-.-
or component clearly and completely shall be shown directly on
a drawing unless this information is specified in associated
documentation.
25 to.005 15?001

40 ?0.005 40 to.05
3.2.2 Each feature shall be dimensioned once only on a IL@
drawing.

Tight tolerances Acceptable tolerances

3.2.3 Dimensions shall be placed on the view or section that
most clearly shows the corresponding features.

Figure 3 - Indirect functional dimensioning

3.2.4 Escn drawing shall use the same unit (for example,
millimetres) for all dimensions but without showing the unit
symbol. In order to avoid misinterpretation, the predominant
3.2.6 The non-functional dimensions should be placed In a
unit symbol on a drawing may be specified in a note.
way which is most convenient for production and inspection.

Where other units have to be shown as pa&of the drawing

specification (for example, N. m for torque or kPa for pressure),
the appropriate unit symbol shall be shown with the value.
4 -Method of dimensidning

3.2.5 No more dimensions than are necessary to define a part

or an end product shall be shown on a drawing. No feature of a
4.1 Elements of dimensioning
part or an end product shall be defined by more than one
dimension in any one direction. Exception may, however, be The elements of dimensioning include the projection line,
made dimension line, leader line, dimension line termination, the
origin indication, and the dimension itself. The various
a) where it is necessary to give additional dimensions at in- elements of dimensioning are illustrated in figures 4 and 5. (See
termediate stages of production (for example, the size of a IS0 128.)
feature prior to carburizing and finishing) ;

b) where the addition of an auxiliary dimension would be 4.2 Projection lines, dimension lines and leader
advantageous. lines

3.2.6 Production processes or inspection methods should not Projection lines, dimension lines and leader lines are drawn as
be specified unless they are essential to ensure satisfactory thin continuous lines as shown in IS0 128 and as illustrated in
functioning or interchangeabiiity. figures 4 and 5.

3.2.7 Functional dimensions should be shown directly on the 4.2.1 Projection lines shall extend slightly beyond the respec-
drawing wherever possible (see figure 2). tive dimension line (see figures 4 and 5).

3
IS:11669-1986
IS0 129 - 1985

A A
Projection line

\
Value of the dimension

Dimension line

Figure 4

Projection line

Dimension line Termination (Oblique stroke)

Figure 5

4.2.2 Projection lines should be drawn perpendicular to the 4.2.5 A dimension line shall be shown unbroken where the
feature being dimensioned. Where necessary, however, they feature to which it refers is shown broken (see figure 91, except
may be drawn obliquely, but parallel to each other (see as indicated in 4.4.1, method 2.
figure 6).

Figure 6
Figure 9

4.2.3 Intersecting construction and projection lines shall ex-

tend slightly beyond their point of intersection (see figure 7).
4.2.6 Intersecting projection and dimension lines should be
avoided. Where unavoidable, however, neither line shall be
shown with a break (see figure 10).

Figure 7

4.2.4 In general, projection lines and dimension lines should

not cross other lines unless this is unavoidable (see figure 81.

Figure 10

4.2.7 A centreline or the outline of a part shall not be used as

I I 1
a dimension line but may be used in place of a projection line
Figure 8 (see figure IO).

4
 IS:11669-1986 >
IS0 129-1965

4.3 Terminations and origin indication

Dimension lines shall show distinct terminations fire., either ar-

rowheads or oblique strokes), or, where applicable, an origin
indication. Figure 14

4.3.1 Two dimension line terminations (see figure 11) and an

origin indication (see figure 12) are specified in this Inter-
4.3.5 Only one arrowhead termination, with its point on the
national Standard. They are
arc end of the dimension line, shall be used where a radius is
a) the arrowhead, drawn as short lines forming barbs at dimensioned (see figure 15). The arrowhead termination may
any convenient included angle between 15O and 9o. The be either on the inside or on the outside of the feature outline
arrowhead may be open, closed, or closed and filled in [see (or its projection line) depending upon the size of the feature.
figure 11 all.

bl the oblique stroke, drawn as a short line inclined at 45O

[see figure 11 b)l.

=?I
a) Arrowheads

bl Obliquestroke Figure 15 - Radius dimensidning

Figure 11
4.4 Indicating dimensional values on drawings

c) the origin indication, drawn as a small open circle of ap-

Dimensional values shall be shown on drawings in Characters of
proximally 3 mm in diameter. .sufficient size to ensure complete legibility on the original draw-
ing as well as on reproductions made from microfilms.

They shall be placed in such a way that they are not crossed or
Figure 12 separated by any other line on the drawing.

4.4.1 Values shall be indicated on a drawing according to one

of the following two methods. Only one method should be
4.3.2 The size of the terminations shall be proportionate tc
used on any one drawing.
the size of drawing on which they are used but not larger than
is necessary to read the drawing.
Method 1
4.3.3 One style of arrowhead termination only shall be used
Dimensional values shall be placed parallel to their di@%sion
on a single drawing. However, where space is too small for an
lines and preferably near the middle, above and clear of the
grrowhead, the oblique stroke or a dot may be substituted (see
dimension line (see figure 16).
figure 24).

4.3.4 Arrowhead terminations shall be shown within the limits

of the dimension line where space is available (see figure 13).
Where space is limited, the arrowhead termination may be
shown outside the intended limits of the dimension line t,hat is
extended for that purpose (see figure 14).

Figure 16
.- -I - -

Figure 13
An exception may be made where superimposed running
dimensions are used (see 5.2.2).
IS: 11669 - 1986
IS0 129 - 1985

However, values shall be indicated so that they can be read Angular dimensional values may be oriented either as in
from the bottom or from the right-hand side of the drawing. figure 19 or figure 22.
Values on oblique dimension lines shall be oriented as shown in
figure 17.

Figure 22

Figure 17
4.4.2 The positioning of dimensional values frequently needs
Angular dimensional values may be oriented either as in adapting to different situations. Therefore, for example, values
figure 18 or figure 19. can be

60 60 a) closer to a termination to avoid having to follow a long

dimension line where only part of the dimension line needs
,300 tc be shown (see figure 23).
60

60

30

@ 60 60

Figure 18 Figure 19

Method 2

Dimensional values shall be indicated so that they can be read

from the bottom of the drawing sheet. Non-horizontal dimen-
Figure 23
sion lines are interrupted, preferably near the middle so that the
value can be inserted (see figures 20 and 21 I.

6 b) above the extension of the dimension line beyond one

T- --.-. 4 of the terminations if space is limited (see figure 24).

030
020
L

26 _ 10,

L T5 3-l
Figure P

Figure 24

c) at the end of a leader line which terminates on a dimen-

sion line that is too short for the dimensional value to be in-
Figul,e 21 dicated in the usual way (see figure 24).

6
 IS: 11669 - 1986
IS0 129 - 1985

d) above a horizontal extension of a dimension line where

space does not allow placement at the interruption of a non-
horizontal dimension line (see fwure 25).

Figure 30

4.4.3 Values for dimensions out-of-scale (except where break

lines are used) shall be underlined with a straight thick line (see
figure 26).

NOTE - Dimensions out-of-scale can result from a feature size

modification where the modification does not warrant an extensive
drawing revision tozorrect thefeature scale.

Figure 31

Cd Arrangement and indication of dimensions

The arrangement of dimensioning on a drawing shall indicate

Figure 26
clearly the design purpose. Generally, the arrangement of
dimensions is the result of a combination CTvarious design re-
4.4.4 The following indications are used with dimensions to quirements.
show applicable shape identification and to improve drawing
interpretation. The diameter and square symbols may be omit-
ted where the shape is clearly indicated. The applicable indica- 5.1 Chain dimensioning
tion (symbol) shall precede the value for the dimension (see
figures 27to 31). Chains of single dimensions (see figure 32) should be used only
where the possible accumulation of tolerances does not im-
Q,: Diameter SR : Spherical radius pinge on the functional requirements of the part. Any termina-
R: Ftadius SO: Spherical diameter tion may be used for chain dimensioning except the g(P
0: Square arrowhead [see figure 1la)l.

3
Q

w Figure 27
a
8

Figure 32 - Chain dimensioning

Figure 28
5.2 Dimensioning from a common feature

This method of dimensioning is used where a number of dimen

sions of the same direction relate to a common origin.

Dimensioning from a common feature may be executed as

parallel dimensioning or as superimposed running dimension-
Figure 29 ing.

7
IS:11669-1986
IS0 129 - 1985

5.2.1 Parallel dimensioning is the placement of a number of - near the arrowhead, above and clear of the dimensior
single dimension lines parallel one to another and spaced out so line (see figure 35).
that the dimensional value can easily be added in (see figures 33
and 41).

150
/ 420
3
640
K h
Figure 34

Figure 33 - Parallel dimensioning

5.2.2 Superimposed running dimensioning is simplified

parallel dimensioning and may be used where there are space
limitations and where no legibility problems would occur (see
figures 34 and 35).

The origin indication (see figure 12) is placed appropriately and

the opposite ends of each dimension line shall be terminated
only with an arrowhead.
Pigure 35
Dimensional values may be placed, where there is no risk of
confusion, either
5.2.3 It may be advantageous to use superimposed running
- near the arrowhead, in line with the corresponding pro- dimensioning in two directions. In such a case, the origins may
jection line (see figure 34). or be as shown in figure 36.

160
r

120 -.

90 -.

60 _.

20
i
0I
-----+-
- ------l _ _I

Figure 35

8
 IS: 1166.9 - 1986
IS0 129 - 1985

5.3 Dimensioning by coordinates 5.4 Combined dimensioning

Single dimensions, chain dimensioning and dimensioning from

5.3.1 It may be useful, instead of dimensioning as shown in
a common feature may be combined on a drawing, if
figure 36. to tabulate dimensional values as shown in figure 37.
necessary. See figures 41 and 42.

Y
ir-------_li
I-
O
Figure 41

Figure 37

53.2 Coordinates for intersections in grids on block plans

(site plans) are indicated as shown in figure 36.

x=0
Y = 100
+
Figure 42
Figure 36

Coordinates for arbitrary points of reference without a grid shall

6 Special indications
appear adjacent to each point (see figure 39) or in tabular form
lsee figure 40).
6.1 Chords, arcs, angles and radii

-_
6.1.1 The dimensioning of chords, arcs and angles shall be a.
shown in figure 43.

100

r;rJ 1%
Chord

Figure 39

E3 If-
Arc

Angle

Figure 40 Figure 43
IS : 11669 - 1986
IS0 129 - 1985

6.1.2 Where the centre of an arc falls outside the limits of the 6.2.2 Angular spacings of holes and other features may be
space available, the dimension line of the radius shall be broken dimensioned as shown in figure 47.
or interrupted according to whetheror not it is necessary to
locate the centre (see figure 15)
The angles of the spacings may be omitted if their number is
evident without confusion (see figure 46).

6.1.3 Where the size of the radius can be derived from other
dimensions, it shall be indicated with a radius arrow and the
symbol R without an indication of the value (see figure 44).

figure 47

6.2 Equidistant features

Where equidistant features or uniformly arranged elements are

part of the drawing specification, dimensioning may be
simplified as follows.

6.2.1 Linear spacings may be dimensioned as shown in

figure 45. If there is any possibility of confusion between the
lengthy.-of the space and the number of spacings, one space
shall be dimensioned as shown in figure 46. Figure 46

6.2.3 Circular spacings may be dimensioned indirectly by

giving the number of elements as shown in figure 49.

Figure 46

Figure 46 Figure 49

10
 IS: 11669 - 1986
IS0 129 - 1985

6.3 Repeated features

If it is possible to define a quantity of elements of the same size

2xh5
so as to-avoid repeating the same dimensional value, they may
be given as shown in figures 50 and 51.

8x08lor 8 holes 08)

r / 1
Figure 54 - Internal chamfers

6.4.2 Countersinks are dimensioned by showing either the re-

,-
quired diametral dimension at the surface and the included
Figure 50 angle, or the depth and the included angle (see figure 55).

6X08(or 6 holes 08)

or

Figure 55 - Countersinks

Figure 51

6.4 Chamfers and countersinks

6.5 Other indications

6.4.1 Chamfers shall be dimensioned as shown in figure 52.
Where the chamfer angle is 45O, the indications may be
simplified as shown in figures 53 and 54. 6.5.1 Where necessary, in order to avoid repeating the same
dimensional value or to avoid long leader lines, reference letters
may be used in connection with an explanatory table ornote
(see figure 56). Le_ader lines may be omitted.

Figure 52 - Chamfers dimensioned

2x45

A= 3 x012
d !<2x45
B= 3x010

Figure 53 - 4W chamfers simplified Figure 56

IS:11669-1986
IS0 129 - 1985

6.5.2 In partially drawn views and partial sections of sym-

metrical parts, the dimension lines that need to cross the axis of
symmetry are shown extended slightly beyond the axis of sym-
metry; the second termination is then omitted (see figure 57).

-.
4%
_y
Figure 66

! c

Figure 57
=I=

Figure 60

6.5.3 Where several parts are drawn and dimensioned in an

assembly, the groups of dimensions related to each part should
be kept as separate as possible (see figure 56). 7 Indication of levels

7.1 General

Levels shall be expressed in appropriate units from a predeter-

mined base-zero level.

7.2 Levels on vertical views and sections

7.2.1 The predetermined base-zero level on vertical views and

sections shall be indicated with a closed arrowhead with barbs
at an included angle of %I. The arrowhead shall point to a
horizontal line, shall be half filled in, and shall be connected to a
horizontal leader line by means of a short thin line (see
figure 61).

Figure 66 - Dimensioning an assembly

Figure 61
6.5.4 Sometimes it is necessary to dimension a limited area or
length of a surface to indicate a special condition. In such in-
stances, the area or length and its location are indicated by a
long thick chain line, drawn adjacent and parallel to the surface ~7.2.2 If it is required to indicate the altitude of the base-zero
and at a short distance from it. level, the base-zero level symbol is modified to include 0,000
directly above and the actual altitude directly below the
If the special requirement is applied to an element of revolution, horizontal leader line (see figure 62).
the indication shall be shown on one side only (see figure 59).

Where the location and extent of the special requirement re-

quires identification, the appropriate dimensioning is
necessary. However, where the drawing clearly shows the ex-
tent of the indication, dimensioning is not necessary (see
figure 60). Figure 62

?2
 IS: 11669-1986
IS0 129 - 1985

7.2.3 Subsequent levels are indicated in vertical views and 7.3.2 The numerical value of an elevation of an outline shall
sections with an arrowhead with barbs at an included angle of be located adjacent to it and on the same side of it as the sur-
%I0 pointing to the respective level and attached to a short thin face associated with the elevation (see figure 66).
vertical line. The vertical line isconnected, at right angles, to a
horizontal leader line above which is placed the appropriate
ExamDie
level dimension (see figure 63).

Meaning

4
F------------l
Figure 63

7.3 Levels on horizontal (plan) views and

Figure 66
sections

7.3.1 The numerical value of the level for a point (a specific

location) shall be placed above the leader line that is connected 7.4 Levels 0Ip site layout
to an IX. The X is used to indicate the exact position of a
particular point (see figure 644).
7.4.1 -eveIs on ground preparation drawings and site plan!
shall be given as follows:

Original ground level to be used +0.000

Figure 64 New ground level + 0.000

If the specific location point is defined by two intersecting Original ground level no llonger valid (+O.OOO)
outlines, the X shall be replaced with a circle and the
numerical value of t.he elevation shall be located above the
leader line that is extended from the circle on the same side of 7.4.2 Levels for contour lines shall be located on the upper
the outline-as the surface associated with the elevation (see side of the contour line and shall be given as follows :
figure 661.

Contour line 49.000

Original contour line no longer valid

7.4.3 Elevation datums to be used when setting out dimen-

sions shall be shown as follows :

Figure 65 @ FIX +o.ooo

13