(Merrill Y. Van Wagoner) Spoken Arabic Saudi (Bookos - Org) Text
(Merrill Y. Van Wagoner) Spoken Arabic Saudi (Bookos - Org) Text
(Merrill Y. Van Wagoner) Spoken Arabic Saudi (Bookos - Org) Text
(SAUDI)
ISBN 0-87950-410-2
L.C.No. 76-17389
Unit 3 An Interview 35
Stress 40
The Dual Ending -ayn 41
Variant of Feminine Nouns 41
Noun Phrases 42
The Remaining Subject Markers 42
page
Unit 6 In the Market 68
The Word haadha in Phrases 72
More About Noun Phrases 72
Negative Commands 73
Verb Forms dealing with the Past and the Subject
Marker ~t 73
97
Stems and Stem Classes 101
Class I 101
Class II 103
Class III 104
Class IV 105
Class V 105
Appendix
Using Arabic in Training Saudi Employees .... 155
Fire Extinguisher Model Training Conversation *
156
Introduction
for regular Arabic instruction in Dhahran, Ras Tanura, Abqaiq, and Hofuf
as well as for general informal self study. The course has been subjected
to the test of use, revised and improved over a period of several years. It is
tion, it can also be used effectively for purposes of self study. The entire
content of the course has been recorded and is available as a set of five
cassettes. The text is keyed to the cassettes. Blank spaces are left on the
recordings for the learner to repeat what he has just heard. Thus the
Each page of the Basic Sentences is divided into two parallel columns.
Arabic words, phrases, and sentences are on the right side of each page
and their English equivalents are on the left. The Arabic represents
the words and phrases which go to make it up. The parts of the sentence
The Arabic words and sentences in this book are written with letters
which are familiar to us. This spelling indicates the way Arabs say things.
It will help you to remember the words as they sound. This is not the way
the Arabs write their own language. Although the letters of our sound-
writing system are familiar to us, some of them represent sounds which
are new and strange to us. You will have to study the Key to Pronunciation
and listen carefully to the Basic Sentences in order to gain the ability to
associate sounds with their corresponding letters.
constant practice, speaking aloud, you can act out these situations. Since
they are arranged for the most part as dialogues it is more effective if two
people cooperate in acting them out and exchanging roles.
On the cassettes of the Basic Sentences you will hear first the English
equivalent of the Arabic utterance to follow, then the Arabic. This makes
it possible to concentrate on speaking practice without reference to the text.
Full Arabic sentences are given first, then the breakdowns, then the com-
plete sentences again. After each Arabic utterance there is always a blank
time-space sufficiently long for the listener to repeat the Arabic utterance
at the tempo set by the Arabic speaker of the records. The Reviews are
recordings of the full sentences in Arabic without English cues, and with
time allowed for repetition. The Numbers give a list of numbers, fractions
and the number-adjectives, again with time allowed for repetition.
of times. Finally, learn the numbers for the unit you are working on.
Over-learning at this stage is very important and the more completely
automatic responses you acquire, the easier and more rapid will your future
progress be. Don't wait to finish this text before you start using the
language in conversations. Try out your Arabic every chance you get. And
if your opportunities to talk Arabic aren't frequent enough to give you
good practice, you will have to go out of your way to make new opportunities.
Key to Pronunciation
C* 11 Arabic English Equivalent
Symbol Nearest English bound
a a in any, at, watt, about; janamt I understood
varying with different bass enough
words but always very short tanat underneath
jamb side
aaw ou in loud
i i
maaw copper
aay at in aisle maay water
aw ou in lout aw or
a
J
d m doll dagiyga minute
dh th m then haadha this
D jL*in
//z
. 1 1
thus, but with tense
, * ,
"1
,
aounn I think
tongue muscles
/ y in fin fiy in
g g m g guwlliy tell me
gh gargling sound coming Irom shughul work
the back ol the mouth
h h m hit nina here
H hoarse with tense throat uariyga nre
muscles
i i m kit jiddan very
iy i in machine triyd you want
j j in jet jiyb bring
k A; in kit kullish very
kh scraping sound coming from khudh take
the back of the mouth
I / in leap laa no
L / in loop, but with tense
tongue muscles ahha God
12 Key to Pronunciation
you-all intuw
we inna or ninna
fine or good or O. K. rayyibiyn
how shlown
health
your health sannatak
I'm fine. sannatiy kullish rayyiba.
my health sannatiy
what ay$h
yes na {
am or ay na {
am or ay
not maa
What's your name, please? aysh ismak, min fan I ah ?
name isim
my name ismiy
name is John.
I'm pleased to meet you ah lan wa-sahlan
my friend sadiygiy
he huwwa
Who is this? minhiy haadhiy?
who is minhiy
this haadhiy
wife Zowja
16 Greetings and General Phrases
my wife Zowjatiy
Her name is Selma. ismaka salma.
her name ismaha
She's an American. hiyya amriykaaniyya*
she hiyya
American amriykaaniyya
Who are these people? minhum haadhowl?
who are minhum
these haadhowl
These are company employees. haadhowl {
ummaal ish-sharika.
employees or workers {
ummaal
company sharika
company
the ish-sharika
company employees {
ummaal ish-sharika
they hum
Arabs {
arab
Grammar Analysis
Personal Pronouns
ana I
iuna we
huwwa he
hiyya she
hum they
The eight words above are personal pronouns. This is the complete
ashkur-ak I thank-you
ashuwf-ak I see-you
All the words above end in -ak. In Arabic the ending -ak means you
or ( f )y u your.
sauna-t-iy health (of) me my health
ism-iy name (of) me my name
sadiyg-iy friend (of) me my friend
The ending -iy means (of)me = my.
Greetings
salaam {
alajkum. Peace upon you.
tfauval please
The phrase min faolak is when you are making a request. For
used
example, you say min faulak when you ask someone for a cigarette.
Conversations
A replies appropriately.
A greets G.
G says he is fine.
OLLa ya {
aafiyk May God give huwwa he
you good health
amriykaaniy American
uaal condition
amriykaaniyya American
ana I
naalak your condition
(said to a man)
aruwn I go
naalich your condition
ashkurak I thank you (said to a woman)
(said to a man)
uaalkum your condition
ashkurich I thank you (said
(said to a group)
to a woman)
Hasan Hasan (a man's
ashkurkum I thank you (said
name)
to a group)
mnna we
ashtaghil I work
ashuwf I see
ay or ay na (
am yes inna we
aysh what il-uamdu Praise God
lil-laah
22 Vocabulary
group) to a PTOllD^
ismiy my name
stariymy rest (said to a
is-salaam the peace
woman)
ish-sharika the company
stariyuuw rest (said to a
group)
jiddan very
sulaymaan S u 1 ay man (a
man's name)
kalima word
kqyf how
irienu
kullish very
mdiygiy my friend
health
laa no
laazim necessary or must
sauuatiy my health
or have to saanatak your health
triyd
you want
cigarette sigaara
I smoke adakhkhin
matches kabriyt
kabriytiy
my matches
are gone khallas
with me Hndiy
key miftaau
itsname ismaha
hammer marraga
tools saamaan
I want ariyd
there is fiyh
here hina
I know adriy
under tauat
car sayyaara
wait isbir
minute dagiyga
time wagt
the time il-wagt
B
we go nruwn
Cassette 1
Be careful. intabih.
Gas. (natural)
Gasoline. banziyn.
On The Job and Asking Directions 27
Fire. uariyga.
tell guwl
tell to me guwlliy
market suwg
the market is-suwg
Here. hina. or hniy. *
On your right, {
ala yamiynak.
on (
ala
right side yamiyn
your right yamiynak
On your left. {
ala yisaarak.
* Not on record.
)
Grammar Analysis
Words like miftaan and zowjatiy are nouns. Those with which you use
haadha are masculine nouns and those with which you use haadhiy are
feminine nouns.
The word haadhowl means these. The nouns with which you use haadhowl
masculine (m)
feminine (
f
plural (pi)
a-riyd I want
a-ruwn I go
a-dakhkhin I smoke
Words like the above are verb forms. These verb forms all begin
Unit 2 Grammar Analysis 29
The part of the verb form minus the subject marker is the stem. For
example, the stems of the verb forms above are -riyd -ruwn and
-dakhkhin. The stem gives the meaning of the action.
Commands
ruwn Go. (said to a man)
shuwf Look, (said to a man)
These commands end in the subject marker -uw. Such commands tell
jiyb Bring.
jiybuw
jiybiy
khudh Take.
khudhuw
khudhiy
30 Unit 2 Grammar Analysis
fowg-ah above-him
a-shuwf-ah I-see-him
The pronoun ending -ha means her or (of) her = her (possessive).
fowg-hum above-them
a-shuwf-hum I-see-them
fowg-iy above-me
ism-iy name (of) me my name
The pronoun ending -iy means me or ( of)me = my.
saamm-niy excuse-me
Each of the words above has a variant of il-. The variant isk- is added
to any noun beginning with sk ; the variant is- is added to any noun
beginning with s ; the variant ir- is added to any noun beginning
with t.
Conversations
Getting directions.
B gives A directions (a) to the right, (b) to the left, (c) straight
ahead.
A says he does not understand and asks B to speak slowly.
A shows B how to use the hammer and says, 'Look, this way.'
A asks if B understands.
B says he does.
-a. Feminine nouns which do not end in -a are marked (f), and
masculine nouns ending in -a are marked (m).
to a woman)
baalak watch out imshuw go or walk (said
ismanum
j
their name
dapiyga minute
isbir wait
there is
is and run away or run
fiyh
fowp up or on or above
jiyb get or bring (said
fowsak above you
to a man)
jiybiy get or bring (said
gaaz kerosene
crpt<: (natural^
to a woman)
jiybuw get or bring (said
giddaam in iront oi
to a group)
giddaamak in front of you
or straight ahead kabriyt matches
of you kidha this way
guwl tell
khallas is gone
guwlliy tell me
khallna let's
mavraga hammer
miftaan key waayir wire
min from wag* time
wara behind or in back
nruwu we go
of
yisumm is poisonous
shuwf see or look (said
yishibb is inflammable
to a man)
yithuwr is explosive
shuwjiy see or look (said
to a woman)
<a/<z on
shuwfuw see or look (said
to a group) (
in<M with you or you
have
my place bilaadiy
in Hasa Jil-nasa
Dhahran iD-nahraan
Where do you work? wayn tishtaghil?
I work ashtaghil
engineer muhandis
gangpusher tindayl
clerk kaatib
driller najfaar
welder lavmaam
job shughul
your job shughlak
36 An Interview
shughliy (
aamil.
I'm a workman,
shughliy
my job
workman or employee
{
aamil
you do tsawwiy
nshiyl khashab.
We pick up lumber.
up nshiyl
we pick
lumber khashab
we carry nwaddiy
Taabuwg.
We bring brick. njiyb
njiyb
we bring
brick Taabuwg
we unload ninazzil
Jis-sayyaaraat
into the trucks
I'm not happy about my job. ana muw mabsuwr min shughliy.
I like ambb
An interview 37
that in
Company. l-amriykiyya.
I know a rif
{
I read agra
I write aktib
write iktib
my age l
umriy
thirty thalaathiyn
year sana
my father abuwiy
he works yishtaghil
they do yisawwuw
They work in the government. yishtaghiluw Jil-uukuwrna.
tell to me guwlliy
married mitzawwij
children Hyaal
boy walad
girl bint
An Interview 39
Cassette 2A
I know that you are a good man. adriy innak insaan rayyib.
that in
man insaan
come ta { aal
tomorrow bukra
Grammar Analysis
Stress
You will have noticed that some syllables are louder than their neigh-
bors; that is, they are stressed or accented. For example in English we
have: inVENtor, INventory ;
CONtent, conTENted. There is a simple
general rule for telling the location of stress in Arabic. Counting
backward from the end of the word, the stressed syllable will be the
nant, or the one with a short vowel plus two consonants. If neither
combination occurs, the stress is on the first syllable.
HIna here
ISim name
Unit 3 Grammar Analysis 41
walad boy
walad-ayn two boys
bint girl
miftaan key
miftaan-ayn two keys
zowja wife
sayyaara car
sayyaara-t-ayn two cars
sayyaara-t-iy my car
Feminine nouns that end in -a have a variant that ends in -t. For
example, the variants of zowja and sayyaara are zowja-t and sayyaara-t.
The ending -ayn and the pronoun endings follow this variant. Here
are further examples.
sauna health
Noun Phrases
isim abuwk the name of your father or
your father's name
the first noun A and the second noun B, the Arabic phrase AB
means, for example, the A of B or B's A. The English equivalents
above show these possibilities. Here are some more examples.
These verb forms begin with t- and end with -uw. The subject marker
t~ -uw means you-all do something.
t-nazzil-iy y u (0 unload
t-uammil-iy you(f) load
These verb forms begin with t- and end with -iy t The subject marker
t- -iy means you(() do something.
Unit 3 Grammar Analysis 43
yi-shtaghil he works
yi-sawwiy he does
These verb forms begin with yi- and end with -uw. The subject
The subject marker t- means she does something. Verb forms meaning
:he does something, sound the same as verb forms meaning you(m)
do something.
The words sayyaara and zowja-tiy are feminine nouns. All verbs
referring to feminine nouns are in the she form. The term 'feminine'
Conversations
From now on try to combine old conversations with new ones. For
example, most of the conversations in this unit can follow most of
:he conversations in Unit 1. This way you can make your conver-
A is interviewing B.
A asks if B likes his work.
B says no he'd like to work for the company.
A asks B if he knows how to read.
B says he does.
B says he does.
ay which or what
khashab lumber
bi- in or with
knwaan brothers
bilaad (f) place
bint (f) girl lauuaam welder
B in
mabsuwr happy
JH-Hukuwma in the govern- Mohammed
muammad (a
ment man's name)
mitzawwij married
yigra he reads
tnuhandis engineer
gumrig custom-house
ymazzu he unloads
uaffaar driller
I eat aakil
vegetables khuDra
meat lauam
Do you want the meat well done? triyd il-lanam mistawiy jiddan?
done mistawiy
medium mitwassir
tea chaay
milk ualiyb
coffee gahwa
I want coffee. ariyd gahwa.
48 In The Dining Hall
tirlub
you order
ashkurak, ana ralabt.
No, thank you, Tve ordered. laa,
ordered ralabt
I
ralab
order
yalabiy
my order
fish
samak
dirty waskha
clean naDiyfa
bread khubz
butter zibd
glass kaas
water maay
without biduwn
thalj
ice
salt miln
pepper Jim
Oh, I forgot, I didn't bring (them). aa y nasayt, maa jibt.
I forgot nasayt
I brought jibt
I finished khalast.
I ate akalt
bring to me jiybliy
a piece wusla
with ma (
a
cheese jubun
cold baarda
Please go get me hot coffee, min faDlak ruwn jiybliy gahwa aaarra.
hot uaarra
50 In The Dining Hall
other aakhar
No thanks, I don't want laa, ashkurak, maa ariyd
very bil-marra
Unit 4 Grammar Analysis 51
Grammar Analysis
All the sentences above contain the word maa. The word maa means
not and comes immediately before verb forms.
The word maa is used before verb forms, Hnd and fiyh.
Verb Phrases
In the phrase above both verb forms have the subject marker a-. The
literal translation is / go I work. Here are some more examples.
ta rif tigra?
{ Do you know how to read?
a r if agra.
i Iknow how to read.
aysh triyd tishrab? What do you want to drink?
ariyd ashrab kuwb gahwa. I want to drink a cup of coffee.
52 Unit 4 Grammar Analysis
In the present and future, every verb form begins with a subject marker.
These verb forms can mean action either in the present or in the future,
for example:
The subject markers show who is doing the action. For this reason
it not necessary to use the personal pronouns with the verb forms.
is
Whenever the personal pronouns are used, they are used for emphasis
or contrast, for example:
or somebody else).
Unit 4 Grammar Analysis 53
Adjectives
Words like zayn and zayna are adjectives, zayn is masculine and is
used with masculine nouns, zayna is feminine and is used with feminine
nouns. Adjectives follow the nouns they describe.
Conversations
A has the wrong order. He didn't order (a) fish, (b) meat
(c) soup.
The spoon is dirty.
akalt
7 ft
1 ate I'm sorry
akil
1 'T
tood milu salt
mil aga {
spoon
al-nayn now
mistawiy done
amrak at your service
mistawiy jiddan well done
mistawiy shway rare
baarid cold
mitwassir medium
baay pie
musTafa Mustafa (a
ba ad (
also or too man's name)
ba ad {
after
i 11 willa or
kaas glass or tumbler
wusla piece
kuwb cup
yaa hey or oh (used
khalast I finished before a person's
khubz bread name when
khuDra vegetables speaking to him)
new jadiyd
my number nimratiy
How long have you worked for ham lak tishtaghil jish-sharika ?
the company?
for you lak
year sana
for us Hndana
for you.
* Not on record.
A New Employee 57
department,
department daayra
my department daayratiy
going raaym
you are going to work raayin tishtaghil
I'm the boss of this department, ana raHys haadhiy d-daayra.
boss raHys
assistant msaa id
l
to you.
I explain afahhim
I am going to explain raayin afahhim
important muhimm
Do you see these boxes? tshuwf haadhowl is-sanaadiyg ?
you see tshuwf
the box is-sanduwg
a time.
I can agdar
I can pick up agdar ashiyl
leave it khallha
on top {
ala fowg
Why? laysh ?
so that
{
ala shaan
he reads yigra
Cassette 2B
He inspects every day. huwwa yifattish kull yowm.
he inspects yifattish
day yowm
every day kull yowm
A New Employee 59
Why? laysh ?
what is in them,
so that uatta
question su aal
}
per day?
how many hours kam saa a {
we work nishtaghil
shift zaam
That is, eight hours. ya {
niy thimaan saaSaat.
it means ya {
niy
some ba {
aT)
sometimes ba an il-awgaat
{
for me liy
doubt shakk
if idha
about
l
an
ask is ] al
ask me is ] alniy
English,
but laakin
I know a rif
{
I help* asaaHd
Not on record.
.
Grammar Analysis
HttTT put
If the stem of the verb form begins with a single consonant, the command
said to a man is the same as the stem.
iktib write
is 4 ir wait
together, you
If the stem of the verb form begins with two consonants
add i- to the stem to make the command.
khall leave
If the stem of the verb form ends in -t> you drop the 4y in the command
yisawwiy he does
yisawwuw they do
yigra he reads
yigruw they read
Hnda-na with-us
yishuwf-na he-sees-us
ask me is ) al-niy
he wants me yiriyd-niy
Pronoun endings may follow most words. Their frequency is one of the
striking features of Arabic.
64 Conversations
These words show the variants of il- before nouns beginning with d, z,
d and s.
Conversations
A is sitting in his office. B knocks and comes in. They exchange greetings
and names.
A tells B to be careful.
B asks why.
A explains about the inspector.
A says that the inspector inspects every day.
Vocal:>ulary
alf thousand lak for you
Oll-Wdutlld nm
Oil pV,
a L a
CI t tX 1L J.
1 mP
11i V_ maa yikhaalif that's all right or
it doesn't make
daayra department any difference
maa {
alaysh it's all the same
yifahhim ne explains
to me
yifattish he inspects
masaa) il-khayr good afternoon
fil-yowm per day
masaa) in-nuwr and to you a
yigdar he can or he is good afternoon
able msaa {
id assistant
hp turns over
mufattish inspector
idha if going
raaym
ilia but or except boss
raHys
illiy what or that
which saaSaai hours
English yisaa id {
he helps
ingliyzjy
samaH vou heard
jdaiya ne w
sintayn two years
jamb side or beside
su aal
] question
jidaar wall
yis al] he asks
jiyt you came or
I came sanduwg box
yikassir he smashes sanaadiyg boxes
shakk doubt
yikhalliy he leaves
khall leave or let yitkallam he speaks
heavy {
<da shaan for or so that
thagiyl
a<zm shift (
ijAn>n twenty
j<z m);
(
it means
{
ala fowg on top
In the Market
America amriyka
who min
he taught (
all am
he taught you {
allamak
Rashid taught me. {
allamniy raashid'
he taught me {
allamniy
before gabul
month shahar
kinds ashkaal
days ayyaam
days of war ayyaam Harb
upon us {
alayna
70 In the Market
expensive ghaaliya
cheaper arkhas
I think this is cheap. ana aftakir haadhiy rakhiysa.
I think aftakir
I take aaxudh
for seven bi-sab a {
expensive ghaaliy
I won't throw my money to the winds. ana maa armiy fluwsiy fil-hawa.
I throw armiy
my money fluwsiy
the wind il-hawa
into the wind fil-hawa
!
In the Market 71
money il-fluws
the
{
Give
give me a {
Ttiiy
bi-thna sh {
for twelve
taa, abadan.
No, never.
Take your gahfiya. khudh gaufiyyatak.
ila
to
It's up to you.
{
ala kayfak.
I'm going to sell you the gahfiya. ana raaym abiy ak il-ganfiyya. {
I sell abiy (
change sarf
I give a Tiy {
Grammar Analysis
In making noun phrases in Arabic there are three points to keep in mind.
(1) Femine nouns ending in -a have the variant that ends in -t when
they are not last in the noun phrase.
(2) The form il- or one of its variants occurs only before the last word
in the noun phrase.
(3) The pronoun endings occur only after the last word in the noun
phrase.
A noun phrase may stand as the second member of a larger noun phrase.
:
Negative Commands
laa tilmas il-waayir. Don't touch the wire.
laa tifiakhkkar. Don't be late.
These sentences all contain the word laa followed by the you(m) form of
the verb. These sentences are negative commands; they tell someone
not to do something. Here are the plural and feminine forms.
Verb Forms dealing with the Past and the Subject Marker -t
jib-t brought
t
{
allam-t learned
jiy-t came
These verb forms all end in -t and mean / or you did something.
This -t is a subject marker. It shows who did the action.
The part of the verb minus the subject marker is the stem. It gives the
The past stem is generally different from the present stem. For example
stems
you order ti-rlub -rlub
Conversations
A, an Arab, is talking to B, an American.
B tells him.
A asks where B works.
B says he works in (a) Ras Tanura, (b) Dhahran.
A asks B what his job is.
B tells him.
A says it is very expensive.
B says he thinks it is cheap.
A asks to see a cheaper one.
B tells him.
A offers B less.
B says that's up to A.
A says he is going to another shop and walks out.
B calls A back.
arba ta sh { {
fourteen
arkhas cheaper
kaanat it was or she was
ashkaal kinds
kalaam quotation
ayyaam days
kathiyr a lot or much
bay (
the selling kull shay everything
yioaaail he changes
khamsta sh {
fifteen
yibaTTil he opens or
he gives up yaakhud he takes
khudh take or here it is
bi-kam how much
yibiy {
he sells
madrasa school
I agreed
gabul before na aal
{
sandals
gabul shahar a month ago
raashid Rashid (a man's
ganfiyya gahfiya (a kind
name)
of cap)
rakhiys inexpensive or
ganaafiy gahfiyas
cheap
gariyb min near to
riyaal riyal
erood morning
sarf change wa-laa and not or and
don't
shahar month
shakil kind
{
ala kayfak it's up to you
ashkaal kinds
{
alayna upon us
{
allam he taught
shir a the buying
he gives
yishtariy he buys
t
[
allamt you learned or I
learned
.
I just came from Ras Tanura. ana tawwiy jiyt min raas tannuwia.
I just tawwiy
I just came tawwiy jiyt
And on the way I found an uw-jh-Tariyg laagayt sayyaara
overturned car. magluwba.
the road ir-Tariyg
overturned magluwba
There was one man in it, by Jiyha rajjaal b~ruwjiah.
himself.
in it fiyha
man rajjaal
by himself b-ruwHah
He looked like an American. shiyfatah amriykaaniy.
appearance shiyfa
sitting jaalis
Cassette 3A
He saw me and stopped me. huwwa shaafniy uw-waggafniy
he saw shaaf
he saw me shaafniy
he stopped waggaf
he stopped me waggafniy
garage.'
he said gaal
he said to me gaalliy
Truck Breakdown 79
fis-sayyaara.
the truck,
it was kaan
w ithT ma {
a
with him ma {
aah
load nimil
he picked up shaal
from it
minha
he did put
he put them naTThum
Why didn't you bring him with you? laysh maajibtah wiyyaak?
with voiyya
he sits yijlis
The place out there, the other il-manall hinaak wara l-gariyf.
side of Qatif.
behind wara
Qatif il-gaTiyf
be hoped asa
{
it is to
he got hurt t
{
awwar
just bass
80 Truck Breakdown
we repair nsallin
Take the tool kit with you. khudh m.a aak Hddat
{
it-tasliyn.
take khudh
with you ma aak
{
tools Hdda
the repairing it-tasliyn
Fine, 1*11 be with you right away. rayyib, ana ajiyk uaalan.
I come ajiy
to you Hndak
ana hunt raayin ila raas tannuwra.
I was going to Ras Tanura.
was going hunt raayin
I was hunt
I drive asuwg
I inform akhabbir
No, Praise God, I didn't get hurt. laa, al-namdu lil-laah, maa t
{
awwart.
in it fiyha
I unloaded nazzalt
on the ground.
I picked up shilt
I changed baddalt
out of order.
then or afterwards ba dayn
{
I saw shift
I knew {
araft
Grammar Analysis
wara behind
Some words ending in -a have a variant that ends in -aa before pronoun
endings. The word wara is an example. Note the variants of the pronoun
endings: -k instead of -ok; -y instead of -iy ; -h instead of -ah. Here are
more examples.
wiyyaa-k with-you
wiyyaa-na with-us
ma {
aa-h with -him
ma {
aa-ha with-her
maSaa-y with-me
will also find the variants of the pronoun endings after words ending
You
in -iy and -uw. For example:
awarriy I show
awarriy-k I show-you
ajiy I come
ajiy-k I come (to) you
abuw father
The subject markers -at and -uw are added to the verb form that means
he did something.
Past verb forms refer to any action completed in the past. For example:
In the verb phrase above the first verb form is a past form, and the
second verb form is a present form. The literal translation is you came
you work for us? Here are some more examples of similar verb phrases.
Conversations
A offers B a cigarette.
B asks A if he has any water.
A gives B a drink.
B tells A to go quickly.
A says he will.
B says he was driving the car and the car got a flat.
B says he did.
Vocabulary
aghraau things ma aak {
with you
aumad Ahmed (t\. man'? mbanchir has a flat tire,
name) punctured
am (f ground
rajjaal man
baddalt I changed ramal sand
oancaarat it got a flat tire
I think ODunn
sick mariyD
in him fiyh
stomach baTan
it hurts yuwjaS
he comes yijiy
he will be yhiyr
absent ghaayib
we take nwaddiy
we take him nwaddiyh
the hospital il-mustashfa
It's up to you. {
ala kayfak.
we dig ninfir
ditch nufra
foot
gadam
agdaam
feet
ghuzur
depth
thalaatha agdaam ghuzur
three feet in depth
two and a half feet wa-nriyd-ha gadamayn uw-nus$ HrD.
And we want it
in width.
gadamayn
two feet
nuss
half
width HrD
hold imsik
hold it
imsikah
hand yad
in your hand fiy yadak
I tie
arbur
il-khayT
the string
with this string
bil-khayT haadha
if
idha
stretch midd
the house il-bayt
straight.
so that (
ala shaan
straight siyda
Cassette 3B
You take a shovel and I'll take a khudh inta shaywal wa-ana shaywal.
shovel.
shovel shaywal
I've got the shovel. akhadht ish-shaywal.
I took akhadht
Grammar Analysis
Past Stems
kaan he was
kaan-uw they were
kaan-at she was
The subject markers -uw and -at are added to the stem kaan.
The subject marker -t is added to the stem kun-. This verb has two past
h<2TT he put
nan-uw they put
nan-at she put
nazzol-i y ou or I unloaded
sawwa he did
saww-uw they did
s avow -at she did
Whenever the stem of a verb ends in -a, you drop the -a before a subject
marker beginning with a vowel. Such past tense subject markers are:
-uw they
-at she
shtara he bought
shtar-uw they bought
shtar-at she bought
:
he lowered nazzol he
I lowered nazzalt -t I
kunt I was
kunna we were
Many verbs in the past have two stems. The he form is one stem; to it
you add the subject markers -uw and -at. All the other subject markers
Noun-Adjective Phrases
Whenever the noun in a noun-adjective phrase has il- before it, the
adjective also has f/- before it. Here are some more examples.
inta l-
(
aamil il-jadiyd? Are you the new employee?
khudh il-mil {
aga n-namyfa. Take the clean spoon.
ariyd il-ganfiyya r-rakhiysa. I want the inexpensive gahfiya.
Conversations
B says, all right, he'll get the tools from the truck.
A asks B to stop.
B asks why.
A says maybe the stake will break.
Vocabulary
w ** <-* 1 1 V feet khayr striner
akhadht I took
maddayna we stretched
bcLTOLTi sitnm^
V i 1 1 CX rli1
ij I.V 1 maddaynaah we stretched it
what shinhuw
a stone nasaa
big kabiyra
Use the pick, maybe it will break, ista { mil il-chazma, yimkin tinkasir.
beat
on it fowg-ha
smash kassir
smash it kassirha
put it uurrah
side sowb
to one side
{
ala sowb
After we lay the pipe, we'll fill in baSad maa rhutt il-bayb, nidfin
after ba ad{
maa
after we lay the pipe ba ad{
maa nuurr il-bayb
we fill in nidfin
measure giys
perfect tamaam
Exactly? bm-uabT ?
It's a little over here. hina galiyl zaayid.
increasing zaayid
call naad
the group il-jimaa a {
finger i$ba {
fingers amabi {
it smashes yikassir
we connected rabaTna
We won't dig out all of the pipe. maa niufir il-bayb kullah.
all of it kullah
before gabul
he comes yijiy
difficult sa ab {
give me a Tniy
{
tighten tayyit
tighten it tayyitah
we clean ninaomf
we want to clean nriyd ninanmf
all the tools is-saamaan kullah
Bring the hose and turn on the water. jiyb il-howz uw-fukk il-maay.
wash ghassil
rag khalag
let khall
coming jaayya
by Allah wa\A.a
close sukk
lock igful
lock it guflah
Grammar Analysis
nafar nafar-t
dig infir ymfir
11
send * at *arsal~t
irsil yirsil sal
KJ I LICI VIT'/uh
yi i iiiiu Tni nh
I tlUXU Tnl nh-t
L- ri si //TO Jrh si 1 siO i
finish yiKflLUS
CI Udb si
(I
V ni iy
UUf l)/7 1 rtlJT
yci UUf (/7 hflY ( nh/iY-t
LLUiX! V
go back irja {
yirja (
raja {
raja {
-t
hear isma {
yisma {
sama {
sama [
-t
hurt yuwja (
waja {
waja (
-t
Class II
Present Pasl
help
Notice that verbs of Glasses I and II show the same stem in the past for
the he form and the I-you form, which is the same as saying that these verbs
have only one past stem. Verbs of the other classes have two difFerent
past stems.
Class III
Present Past
Class IV
ending in or -a.
Glass IV: verbs with present stem
-iy
Present Past
mean
ya riy
{
ara {
aTay-t
a T{ {
give
Class V
present stem ending in a long vowel
(-aa, -iy,
Class V: verbs with
-uw) plus consonant.
Past
Present
sell biy
gaas gis-t
measure giys yigiys
106 Unit 9 Grammar Analysis
pin
kJx n ct
1HK jtyu yijtyu 7/7/7
jULLU h 17 h-t
\A7i1I
V v 111 hp
UC
t/77 vl vi shivl $hil-t
Jllrfitr If
c nt y jut
see SuUWJ j
yisfiuwj shaaf SfllJ-t
repeat {
uwd yi (
uwd {
aad Hd-t
Conversations
The boss A LClld ilia gang UUM1CI J_> LI1CI C lis a. 1UI Ui WUIa LUU.dy.
A tells the gang they are going to take a tire out of the truck.
hba { finger
asaabi { fingers
a%aabi { fingers
ba ad
{
maa after (with verbs)
jaay coming
bm-Dabr exactly
jimaa a [ gang or group
chazma pick
fill in Ml il-jimaa a {
the whole gang
yidfin (dafan,
dafant)
khalag rag
yifukk {fakk, turn on or open
khalas is done
fakkayt)
naTTayt)
1 10 Vocabulary
sa ab{
difficult traab dirt
sowb side
yirigg (ragg, beat
yisukk (sakk, close
Taggayt)
sakkayt)
by Allah
shinhuw what
zaayid increasing or over
tamaam perfect
The Garage
What sort of work have you got aysh Hndak min ish-shughul il-yowm
today ?
what sort of work aysh min ish-shughul
call naad
he came jaa
You will take the truck from the taakhudh is-sayyaara min il-garaaj.
garage.
you take taakhudh
pumps.
you take twaddiy
you take it
twaddiyha
Put some gasoline in it, and check it. subb fiyha banziyn uw-chayyik-ha.
pour subb
into it fiyha
check chayyik
check it
chayyik-ha
close bannid
gasoline,
close it
bannid-ha
before gabul
I E2 The Garage
Why? lay sh ?
it will be tsiyr
carefully.
help me saaHdniy
you-all go truwuuw
Cassette 4A
We've reached the powerhouse. wasalna powerhouse.
I leave akhalliy
I tell aguwl
back up raywis
platform.
on the platform {
ala d-dachcha
platform.
we lowered nazzalna
fis-sayyaara.
you.
I'll go back in the truck. arja fis-sayyaara.
{
with me.
with me ma [
aay
If he's not in the shop, look around idha kaan muw fil-chabra, dawwirah.
for him.
if idha
we loaded uammalna
Everything's finished. kull ishay khalaas.
Unit 10 Grammar Analysis 115
Grammar Analysis
The verb forms in the sentences above have an before the pronoun
ending. The form 4iy means to me or for me. The form -lak means to
you. This same may come before the other pronoun endings, as in the
following examples.
yijiybliy he brings to me
yijiyblak to you(m)
yijiyblich to you(f)
yijiyblak to him
yijiyblaha to her
yijiyblina to us
yijiyblikum to you-all
yijiyblihum to them
maddayna we stretched
maddaynaah we stretched it
nammalna we loaded
Hammalnaahum we loaded them
nazzalna we lowered
nazzdlnaahum we lowered them
Verb forms ending in -a have a variant that ends in -aa when they are
.
tXn
Xlu-
r
T LT/T\)V}flflhfl
1
r
ILyfLU/U/l tt*
Wp nut itfT") down
in-na aal
l
the sandals
These words show the variants of il- before nouns beginning with n, r, t
and th.
singular plural
hour saa a
[
saa aat
{
The endings -iyn and -aat are added to some nouns and adjectives to form
the plural.
Conversations I 17
Conversations
A and B are checking the truck before a run to Ras Tanura.
A tells B to put in some gasoline and check it.
B asks why.
A explains why.
A asks if the car needs oil.
A tells them to lift the barrels and lower them carefully into the truck.
akhadhi) stop
yuwgaf (wagaf
khalaa% finished wagaft)
ma (
a with
!
A New Houseboy
he sent arsal
he sent me arsalniy
Where did you work before this ? inta wayn shtaghalt min avowal?
you worked shtaghalt
first avowal
This is the first time I've worked, haadhiy awwal marra shtaghalt.
time marra
You will sweep the floor with the tiknis il-am bil-makhamma.
broom.
you sweep tiknis
rag khalag
basket.
the dirt il-wasakh
and cups.
the glasses il-kaasaat
towel fuwra
towels fuwaT
sheet sharshaf
sheets sharaashif
placed mauTuwr
Every week you will take it to the kull sbuw twaddiyh
{
ila /-laundry.
laundry,
week sbuw (
You will bring them and put them tjiybhum wa-tuuTrhum fil-kabat.
in the closet.
Grammar Analysis
jiybiy bring (f
The verb Arabic consists of at most nineteen forms. All nineteen forms
in
of the verb yijiyb are shown above. The nineteen forms are divided into
three groups.
The words haadha and haadhiy may follow the noun in a phrase.
worker {
aamil (
ummaal
Arab {
arabiy {
arab
LETTERS :
Telling Time
is-saa a [
kam? What time is it?
is-saa a {
waanda. It's one o'clock.
is-saa a thintayn.
{
It's two o'clock.
is-saa a thalaatha.
{
It's three o'clock.
is-saa a {
khamsa ilia dagiyga. It's one minute to five.
is~saa a {
khamsa w-dagiyga. It's one minute past five.
The time before the hour is expressed by ilia meaning except, and the
time after the hour is expressed by wa- meaning and.
is-saa a{
tis { a ilia rubu {
. It's a quarter to nine.
is-saa a tis { a
{
w~rubu {
. It's a quarter past nine.
The Arabs use nuss and rubu to express the half and quarter hours.
{
They
use thilth meaning a third to express twenty minutes before or after the
hour.
is-saa ( a sab a {
w-mda {
sh dagiyga. It's eleven minutes after seven.
Other times are expressed by the number of minutes, dagaayig is the plural
Conversations
A is taking a shower,
the dormitory.
B tells him.
A asks when B takes it to the laundry.
JUUUU 1 LVJ VV L 1 j
sharshaf sheet
sharaashif sheets
guwwa strength
yisfiiugfiii \ktc\y\z
lagayt) {
arayt)
Seeing Dhahran
Have you ever seen a machine inta gar shift machine shop min
shop before ? gabul?
ever gar
by Allah waixa
for nagg
for what uagg shinhuw
my desire wuddiy
we go across na bur
{
Do you see that house which tshuwf dhaak il-bayt illiy fiy
which illiy
middle WUST
the street ish-shaari {
the street*
we enter nidkhul
inside daakhil
we go out nikhrij
outside bana
I'll show you the swimming awarriyk birkat is-sibaaua^
pool birka
I go down anzil
well biyr
wells aabaar
around it?
anyone anad
he goes inside yidkhul fiyh
Cassette 4B
Where do the company wayn mwauDafiyn ish-sharika
employee mwaDDaf
employees mwaDBafiyn
living saakniyn
dormitory layn
dormitories laynaat
few galiyl
barastis barastiyyaat
tent khayma
tents khiyaam
the future.
I hope for you arjuwlak
Grammar Analysis
In the verb phrase above, the two verb forms have different subject
markers. In addition the first verb form has the pronoun ending -ak
meaning you. The literal translation is / want you you make the bed. Here
are some more similar verb phrases.
salaam alaykum. {
Peace upon you.
ayyaam narb alayna ? (
Is there a war on ?
laysh uaiTuw {
alayh shabk ? Why did they put a fence around it ?
The word {
ala has a variant {
alay- before pronoun endings.
ala on
alayy on me
alayk on you(m)
alaych on you(f)
alayh on him
alayha on her
alayna on us
alaykum on you-all
alayhum on them
Arabic Roots
Words in Arabic having the same consonants in the same order are often
related to one another in meaning. The consonants held in common are
132 Unit 12 Grammar Analysis
called roots. The root consonants are often three in number. The sta-
Root < ml {
amal work
{
aamil worker
^ummaal workers
yi$ta mil {
he uses
Root < lm {
allam he taught
t
{
allamt I learned
{
alaama sign
Root eh
sh o 1 shuphul work
tishtaphil
o you work
shtaehalt
o I worked
r r
Root h i r uujra aitcn
yinfir he digs
uaffaar driller
khums a fifth
akhmaas fifths
Conversations
A is showing B around Dhahran.
tents.
muawwiT around
barastiy barasti mustagbal future
barastiyyaat b?.rastis employee
mwarmaf
bana outside
mwaDDafiyn employees
birka pool
birkat is-sibaaaa swimming pool najaan success
kamb is-sa {
uwdiy Saudi camp shabk fence
kharajt)
wudd desire
arba a {
four arbaS ta sh {
fourteen
sab a {
seven sabi (
ta { sh seventeen
lis
1
a nine tis
{
ta sh (
nineteen
{
ashra ten Hshriyn twenty
Unit 2 Numbers
Hshriyn twenty
waanid uw- {
ishriyn one and twenty
ithnayn uw-Hshriyn two and twenty
thalaatha w-Hshriyn three and twenty
arba a w-Hshriyn
{ four and twenty
khamsa w-Hshriyn five and twenty
Unit 3 Numbers
Numbers from ten to one hundred by tens and beyond one hundred.
{
ashra ten tisHyn ninety
In numbers over one hundred, the hundreds precede the ones and tens.
Unit 4 Numbers
Unit 5 Numbers
Not recorded
Counting things from one to twelve.
arba a mnaadiyg
l
four boxes
sab a sanaadiyg
(
seven boxes
tis
[
a sanaadiyg nine boxes
{
ashra sanaadiyg ten boxes
mda (
sh sanduwg eleven boxes
ithna sh {
sanduwg twelve boxes
1. There are three noun forms : the singular, the dual, and the
counting plural.
Unit 6 Numbers
tisi
{
taalaaf nine thousand
{
ashra taalaaf ten thousand
inda sh alf [
eleven thousand
Unit 7 Numbers
Not recorded
Counting things from one hundred to one hundred and twelve.
the noun.
miya w-sanduwg one hundred and one boxes
miya w-mda {
sh sanduwg one hundred and eleven boxes
Unit 8 Numbers
Not recorded
Large numbers.
hundreds,
Numbers occur in series in the following order: thousands,
ones, tens. Two or more numbers are always joined by wa- or a variant
of wa-. Here are some more examples.
khamsa w-sittiyn alf uw-thalaath miya five and sixty thousand and three
w-khamsa w- {
ishriyn hundred and five and twenty
(65,325)
two hundred and five and sixty
miyatayn uw-khamsa w-sittiyn alf
thousand (265,000)
Unit 9 Numbers
rubu {
one fourth thalaath tarbaa {
three fourths
Unit 10 Numbers
membership. Those who have not mastered the principles of deriving the
different forms according to the class of a verb, will find the full
forms of
any verb in the Grammar Analysis of Unit 9. Noun plurals likely to occur
A
Abdulla {
abdu\A,a by Allah wau^a
about or concerning {
an A. M. sabaauan
acquainted with, be ya {
rif I American amriykaaniy
across, go or come ya (
bur I American (f amriykaaniyya
after ba ad (
and wa- or uw- or w-
a verb) ba ad{
maa anyone anad
age {
umur The Arabian sharikat iz-zayt
go back yirja {
I boss raHys
wahha
.
c
call yinaadiy IV careful, be yintabih II
come on yOLLCL
cheese jubun
come outside yikhrij
children Hyaal
coming jaay, Jaayya(t)
cigarette sigaara
company sharika
citv bilaad(f)
concerning {
an
closet kabat
done mistawiy
daughter bint
worker (
aamil, l
ummaal exactly bw-Dabr
empty yifarrigh II excuse yisaamm II
end aakhir excused masmuzxm
is ended yintahiy IV expensive ghaaliy
engine makiyna explain yifahhim II
engineer muhandis explodes or
English ingliyziy is explosive yithuwr V
F
G
1
go lnsicic vidlchul T
gahnya gaufiyya, ganaqfiy
go outside vifrhni
yifi/irij T
gang jimaa a K
vihidd III
gangpusher tindayl
yigfidrrxz anscin
get stuck -LA
a ti n Ligiit
get or take yaakhudh I yuuu
cr r\i \ f\ a-iiLi (Til t~
ya (
Tiy IV rcr\r\f\
\L\J\J\X
c\\\(*~rY\C\C\Yi
dl tCl lll-HJli masad) il-khayr
give
give me dnu iu yuu a
1 11 give you gUUU. axlCi ilUUll m/iK/ifi) in-nuwT
go down jrn^i/
146 English-Arabic Vocabulary
hard or difficult sa ab {
God wills inshaaiA^a
hear yisma {
I hurt, ache, pain yuwja {
I
_J
job shughul just right tamaam kullish
_K
keep away yuwgqf baHyd I The Kingdom of il-mamlaka
he looks like or
Tiis appearance
is shiyftah
M
machine makiyna middle WUST
English-Arabic Vocabulary
N
name isim new jadiyd
near to gariyb min no laa
o'clock is-saa a l
one waamd
eight o'clock is-saa ( a thimaan one at a time bil-waauid
question yis al I
] quotation kalaam
rest yistariyn V
English-Arabic Vocabulary 151
n 7\ pm
liftll-LV-j t
J
soSad sick mariyiy
nninc i
saaliH to one side {
ala sowb
It
sail the other side
O U U. 1
<J.
sitting jaalis
scnooi tvi/i/lY/i
IftUUf CldUc/t smash yihassir II
CPA
sec V? \h.7J7)f V so that {
ala shaan or watta
Dy mmseii Kl YltTDYVXnn
U~f ULurLllit some ba (
av>
V?T??I I sometimes ba {
aT> il-awgaat
sensiuie
-> /7
fflll
( {jiiyei/
PUUUl son walad
she T'm
i enrrv
in ovji i
y
ma^a l-asaf or aasif
cniin
O W LI shuruba
snut ZClUTiL
street shaari {
Sulayman sulaymaan
or it means ya {
niy time or hour saa {
a, saa aat {
u
under tanat up fowg
understand yifham I up to you {
ala kayfak
V
vegetables khuora very kullish or waajid
or jiddan or bil-
marra
w
wait yhbir I water maay
wait a minute isbir dagiyga way, this
width Hm wrong
wife Zowja what's wrong
will be yikuwn V with you aysh fiyk
Y
year sana yesterday ams
two years sintayn you inta, intiy(),
yes na {
am or ay intuw(p\)
or ay na (
am
Appendix
Using Arabic in Training Saudi Employees
Third: teach him. Teach each step in order: first..., second..., third...,
and so on. Match your actions with your words. Don't make any motions
which don't fit exactly what you are saying. Your men will learn as much
from what they see you do as from what they hear you say. Keep
content simple: no words or actions which are not necessary at this time.
Fourth check up by having him demonstrate
: to you, with each step
in order.
Fifth: make a final check-up by having him teach another Saudi the
way you taught him, while you supervise.
Sixth: make it clear why you are teaching this work to the Saudi. Is
he going to operate (or assemble, or maintain) the equipment ?
Training is repeated teaching. No one learns from one time only.
Men aren't cameras. They need more than a single exposure. You will
have to teach again and again until your men know. When they know,
then you've trained them.
Fire Extinguisher
of this ?
Yes, this is a fire extinguisher. na am, haadhiy raffaqya.
{
fire extinguisher.
fire extinguisher.
il-nariyga.
for
{
ala shaan
fire viariyga
extinguishing tarfiya
milha?
Do you know how you
{
use it ? ta {
arifkayf tista
tista { mil
you use
tista ( milha
you use it
way rariyga
first
awwalan
stand owgaf
Fire Extinguisher 157
about tagriyban
feet agdaam
away from baHyd min
Second, you have to leave it thaanyan, laazim tkhalliyha
second thaanyan
erect mustagiyma
straight siyda
third thaalithan
put nuTT
your foot rijlak
won't move,
it (she) moves titnarrak
fourth raabi an {
hold imsik
fifth khaamisan
aim sawwib
base gaa a (
sixth saadisan
pump vorib bump
with bi-
When the fire stops, don't pump lamma l-nariyga tikhlas, laa timib
station markaz
fire-station markaz il-uariyga
so uatta
Now teach Jassim how to use it. al-nayn allim jaasim kayfyista milha.
{ {
teach {
allim
always daayman
you find it tilgaaha
remember tdhakkar
for li-
Fire Extinguisher
it (she) is tkuwn
it (she) must be laazim tkuwn
morning.
you inspect tfattish
morning sabaaH
You are the one who is responsible inta l-wamyd illiy mas uwl
}
for or concerning {
an
keeping hz/d