BOILERfinal - Print Out PDF
BOILERfinal - Print Out PDF
BOILERfinal - Print Out PDF
PRESENTED BY:
1. AKASH CHOUDHARY (1300006)
2. ANUJ KUMAR DAS (1300016)
3. BOBBY KARMALI (1300021)
4. CHANDAN KUMAR (1300023)
5. JUNED ALAM (1300032)
6. PAWAN KUMAR MEHTA (1300052)
7. PRAKASH KUMAR AGARWAL (1300056)
8. RAHUL KUMAR BHARTI (1300060)
9. SANJAY KUMAR (1300080)
10.SUDEEP MUKHERJEE (1300090)
11.JAI PRAKASH MAHTO (1400004D)
12.AJAY KUMAR SAO (1400005D)
13.RANJEET KUMAR MEHTA (1400006D)
INDEX
WORKING
FEATURES
INTRODUCTION TO BOILERS
LPG cylinder with burner was used in our project as a combustion equipment.
Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to
as simply propane or butane, are flammablemixtures of hydrocarbon gases used
as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.
It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and
a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to theozone
layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel it is often referred to as autogas.
Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes that are mostly propane (C3H8),
mostly butane(C4H10)
and, most commonly, mixes including both propane and butane. In the northern
hemisphere winter, the mixes contain more propane, while in summer, they contain
more butane.In the United States, mainly two grades of LPG are sold: commercial
propane and HD-5. These specifications are published by the Gas Processors
Association (GPA) and the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM).
4.BOILER MOUNTING
Mainly four (4) mountings have been used in this Boiler
FUNCTION:
It indicate the water level inside the boiler vessel. It shows the
level in the boiler drum.
CONSTRUCTION:
Normally two water level indicator are fitted to the boiler. these are
fitted at the front end of every boiler. Water level indicator consist
three cock as steam cock, water cock, drain cock and glass tube. The
steam cock connect or disconnects the glass tube with steam space.
while water cock connect or disconnect the glass tube with water in
the boiler. the drain cock is used to drain out the water in from glass
tube at interval to ensure that the steam
and water cock are clear in operation. The glass tube protected by
means of a cover,and made of specially
WORKING:
When steam cock and water cock opened, steam rushes from upper
passage and water rushed from lower from passage to the glass tube.
This will indicate the level of water in the boiler.
Two ball are places at the junction of metal tube. Under normal
operating condition the ball are kept. full line circle in case the
glass tube is broken, steam will rushes from upper passage and
water from lower passage due to pressure difference between boiler
pressure at atmospheric pressure. the ball are carrier along the
passage to and of glass tube and then closed passages. This position
of ball sown in fig by dotted circle. Thus flow of water and steam
out of boiler is prevented.
The common type of steam stop valve. The flange of valve body
bolted to the boiler at the highest part of steam space. It consist of
valve seat and nut. The main body of valve is made of cast iron and
valve seat made from gun metal.
when steam stop valve is placed directly over the boiler and
connected to the steam pipe line is called the junction valve. If it is
placed near to prime mover than normally called steam stop valve.
WORKING:
The spindle it rotated by help of hand wheel due to rotation of
spindle the valve move up and down. When the valve sits over the
valve seat, the passage of steam is completely closed. The steam passage
may be partially or fully opened by moving the valve up, help of
rotating the hand wheel the clearance (passage) between valve and
valve seat regulates the flow of steam out of boilers. in locomotive
boilers, the supply of the steam is
regulated by means of a regulator which is placed inside boiler cell
and operated by a handle from drivers cabin.
3.PRESSURE GAUGE
FUNCTION : It indicates the pressure of steam in boiler.
CONSTRUCTION:
The gauge is usually mounted on the front top of the shell or on the drum.
It is having dial which graduated to read pressure in bar, above
atmosphere A bourdon tube gauge with its interior mechanism is shown in
fig. The circular bent bourdon tube of oval-cross section is close at one end
and connected at the other end to steam space of boiler through siphon
(U-tube). The siphon is filled with water which prevents hot steam from
entering the pressure gauge and keeps the gauge cool. Closed end
of bourdon tube is attached to a toothed quadrant with help of link and
pin. This quadrant meshes with a small pinion on the central spindle.
WORKING:
When pressure is applied to inside of oval bourdon tube. It cross
section tends to becomes circular, and free end of bourdon tube try to
becomes straight, so turning the spindle by the links and gearing. This
causes the needle to move and indicate pressure on graduated dial.
4. SAFETY VALVE:
Function :
Safety valves are located on the top of the boiler. They guard the boiler
against the excessive high pressure of steam inside the drum. If the pressure
of steam in the boiler drum exceeds the working pressure then the safety
valve allows blow-off the excess quantity of steam to the atmosphere. Thus
the pressure of steam in the drum falls. The escape of steam makes a audio
noise to warm the boiler attendant
CONSTRUCTION:
It consists of valve V is placed upon a valve seat which is fix upon a long
vertical pipe having a flange at the bottom for fixing at the top of the
boiler. The weight carrier D suspended from the top of the valve which
carries cast iron rings (weight) as shown figure. The total
weight must be sufficient to keep the valve on it seats against the
normal working pressure
WORKING:
When the steam pressure exceeds the normal limits, this high pressure
stream creates upward force on valve, thus valve V lift with its weights
and the excess steam escapes through the pipe to the outside.
The construction of this valve is simple. It gives satisfactory operation for
low pressure and stationary boilers. It is not suitable for
moving boilers as the force of the weights should always work vertically
downward.
5.BOILER ACCESSORIES
These are auxiliary plants or parts required for steam
boilers for their proper operation and to increased
efficiency of the boilers
FEED PUMP:
FUNCTION:
The feed pump is a pump which is used to deliver feed
water to the boiler.
Double feed pump is commonly employed for medium size
boilers.
Types of Feed pumps
There are Three types of feed Pumps mainly:
Reciprocating pumps {simplex,duplex,Triplex}
Rotary pumps
Centrifugal pumps
INJECTORS:
ECONOMISER:
FUNCTION: Economiser increases the temperature of feed
water using waste of heat to flue gases leaving the boiler
through chimney.
SUPERHEATER:
The function of super heater is to increase the temperature of the
steam above its saturation point.
WORKING:
To superheat the steam generated by boiler.
Super heaters are heat exchangers in which heat is
transferred to the saturated steam to increase its
temperature.
Superheated steam has the following
advantages :
i) Steam consumption of the engine or turbine is reduced.
ii) Losses due to condensation in the cylinders and the
steam pipes are reduced.
iii)Erosion of turbine blade is eliminated.
iv) Efficiency of steam plant is increased
3. Boiler and Heaters, Improving Energy Efficiency, Canadian Industry Program for
EnergyConservation, August 2001
http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/infosource/pub/cipec/boilersheaters.PDF
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