5 Comparative Police System Reviewer

Comparative Police System Reviewer

1998 - Asean Chiefs of Police (Aseanapol) was estabished.

Members Aseanapol
1. Indonesia
2. Malaysia
3. Philippines
4. Singapore
5. Thailand
6. Brunei Darussalam
7. Vietnam
8. Laos PDR
9. Myanmar
10.Cambodia

Abu Sayyaf - Abu means father and sayyaf means

swordsmith, is a
militant Islamist group based in and around Jolo and
Basilan,
Philippines.

Al Qaeda - literally means the base, a global militant

Islamist
organization founded by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah
Azzam, and
several other militants.

Apostasy - is defined as the conscious abandonment of

Islam by a
Muslim in word or through deed. It includes the act of
converting to
another religion by a person who was born in a Muslim
family or who
had previously accepted Islam.

Arvan Tavnii Tsagdaa - The National Police Agency of

Mongolia.
Created in 1965 and with its headquarters in the capital
Ulaanbaatar.

Asean Police - Comparison

1. Afghanistan - Name of Police Agency - ANP
(Afghanistan National Police)
Under What Department - Ministry of the
Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Patrolman
2. Armenia - Name of Police Agency - Police of the
Republic of Armenia
Under What Department - Ministry of Defense
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Junior Sergeant
3. Azerbaijan - Name of Police Agency - National Police of
the Republic of
Azerbaijan
Under What Department - Ministry of the
Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
4. Bahrain - Name of Police Agency - Bahrain National
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
 Lowest Ranking Officer -
5. Bangladesh - Name of Police Agency - Bangladesh
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
6. Bhutan - Name of Police Agency - Royal Bhutan
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home and
Cultural Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Gagpeon (Chief of
Police)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gagpa
7. Brunei - Name of Police Agency - Royal Brunei Police
Force
Under What Department - Home Affairs Ministry
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
8. Myanmar - Name of Police Agency - Myanmar Police
Force
 Under What Department - Ministry of Home
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Major General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
9. Cambodia - Name of Police Agency - Cambodian
Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Brigadier General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Officer Cadet
10.Peoples Republic of China - Name of Police Agency -
Peoples Armed
Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Public
Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable 2nd Class
11.Cyprus - Name of Police Agency - Cyprus Police
Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice
Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
12.East Timor - Name of Police Agency - National Police of
East Timor
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
13.Georgia - Name of Police Agency - Georgian National
Police
Under What Department - Department of Public
Safety
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
14.Hongkong - Name of Police Agency - Hongkong Police
Force
Under What Department - Operations and
Support
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
15.India - Name of Police Agency - Indian Police
Service
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
 Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
Lowest Ranking Officer -
16.Indonesia - Name of Police Agency - Indonesian
National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Bhayangkar
17.Iran - Name of Police Agency - Iranian National
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
and Justice
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
18.Iraq - Name of Police Agency - Iraqi Police Service
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Patrolman
19.Israel - Name of Police Agency - Israeli Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
 Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
20.Japan - Name of Police Agency - National Police
Agency
Under What Department - National Public
Safety Commission
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
21.Jordan - Name of Police Agency - Public security
Force
Under What Department - Public Security
Directorate of
the Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
22.Kazakhstan - Name of Police Agency - National Police
of Kazakhstan
Under What Department - National Security
Committee of
Ministry of internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Procurator General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Ryadovoy
23.North Korea - Name of Police Agency - National Police
Agency
Under What Department - Ministry of Public
Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Daewon (Grand
Marshall)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Chonsa (Private)
24.South Korea - Name of Police Agency - Korea National
Police Agency (KNPA)
Under What Department - Ministry of
Government Administration
and Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
25.Kuwait - Name of Police Agency - Kuwait National
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
26.Kyrgyzstan - Name of Police Agency - Kyrgyzstan
Police
 Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
27.Laos - Name of Police Agency - Laos National
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Public
Security
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
28.Lebanon - Name of Police Agency - International
Security Forces
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gendarme
29.Macau - Name of Police Agency - Macau National
Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Superintendent
Lowest Ranking Officer - Guard
30.Malaysia - Name of Police Agency - Royal Malaysian
Police
 Under What Department - Ministry of Home
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
31.Maldives - Name of Police Agency - Maldives Police
Under What Department - National Security and
Defense Branch
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Lance Constable
32.Mongolia - Name of Police Agency - Mongolia Public
Security Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice
and Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
33.Nepal - Name of Police Agency - Nepal Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Home
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
34.Oman - Name of Police Agency - Royal Oman
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Conscript
35.Pakistan - Name of Police Agency - Pakistan Police
Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
36.Papua New Guinea - Name of Police Agency - Royal
Papua New Guinea
Constabulary
Under What Department -
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Kiap (Patrol Officer)
37.Philippines - Name of Police Agency - Philippine
National Police
Under What Department - Department of
Interior and
Local Government
 Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer 1
38.Qatar - Name of Police Agency - Qatar National
Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer - Shurti
39.Russia - Name of Police Agency - Militsiya
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Cadet
40.Saudi Arabia - Name of Police Agency - Departmemnt
of Security
Under What Department -
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
41.Singapore - Name of Police Agency - Singapore Police
Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
 Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable
42.Sri Lanka - Name of Police Agency - Sri Lanka Police
Service
Under What Department - Defense Ministry
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of
Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable Class
4
43.Syria - Name of Police Agency - Syria Public
Security Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Private
44.Taiwan - Name of Police Agency - National Police
Agency
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Supervisor
General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Rank 4
45.Thailand - Name of Police Agency - Royal Thai Police
Force
 Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
46.Turkey - Name of Police Agency - Turkish Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal
Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer\
47.Turkmenistan - Name of Police Agency - Turkmenistan
National Police
Force
Under What Department - Ministry of State
Security
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
48.UAE Dubai - Name of Police Agency - National Police
Forces
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - General Commander
Lowest Ranking Officer -
49.Uzbekistan - Name of Police Agency - Uzbekistan
Police Force
 Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
50.Vietnam - Name of Police Agency - Peoples Police of
Vietnam
Under What Department - Ministry of Public
Security
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer -
51.Yemen - Name of Police Agency - Yemen National
Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -

Basic Functions of Criminal Justice System

1. Policing
2. Adjudication
3. Correction
Centralized Police - A country with only one recognized
police force
which operates entire that country. It uses a centralized
system of
policing. Philippines is an example of centralized police
because
the Philippine National Police has one central office with
many
regional, provincial and local branches throughout the
country.

Decentralized police - refers to a system where police

administrations and operations are independent from
one state
to another. It is more applicable to countries with
federal
government.

Comparative Criminology - Theories (Scheider)

Alertness to crime theory - is that as a nation
develops,
peoples alertness to crime is heightened, so they
report more
 crime to police and also demand the police become
moreeffective
at solving crime problems.

Chowkidar - in India, means one who inhabits a "chowki",

police station
or guard house.

Economic or migration theory - is that crime

everywhere is
the result of unrestrained migration and over
population in
urban areas such as ghettos and slums.

Opportunity theory - is that along with higher

standards of
living, victims become more careless of their
belongings,
and opportunities for committing crime multiply.

Demographic theory - is based on the event of when

a greater
 number of children are being born, because as these
baby booms
grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out of the
adolescent
identity crisis. Deprivation theory holds that progress
comes
along with rising expectations, and people at the
bottom develop
unrealistic expectations while people at the top dont
see
themselves rising fast enough.

Modernization theory - sees the problem as society

becoming too
complex.

Theory of anomie and synomie - (the latter being a

term
referring to social cohesion on values), suggests that
progressive lifestyle and norms result in the
disintegration
of older norms that once held people together
(anomie).
Chusai-san - the rural police officer in Japan.

Comparative Criminal Justice - it is as subfield of the

study of
criminal justice systems worldwide. It studies the
similarities and
differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis
on rights
as well as the history and political stature of different
systems.

Comparative Police System - it is the science and art of

investigating
and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the
study of
police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of
various nations.

Confucian thought - The belief that social order can be

achieved
through moral and political reform because man is by
nature good or
capable of goodness.

Countries With Less Or No Crime

1. Switzerland
2. Japan
3. Ireland
4. Egypt - Siwa Oasis

Cybercrimes - are generally defined as any type of illegal

activity
that makes use of the Internet, a private or public
network, or an
in-house computer system.

Cyberstalking - a technologically based attack on

person because
of anger, revenge, or control.

Computer Fraud - altering data or gaining unlawful

use of
computer or services.
 Identity Theft - using another's personal information
to commit
fraud or other crimes.

Computer Viruses - a program that copies itself and

infects a
computer.

Denial of Service Attacks - making service unavailable

to users.

Malware - malicious software that interferes with the

functioning
of computers and sending data of user over the
internet.

Information warfare - attacks on information and

computer systems.

Different Police Global Organizations

1. ASEAN Chiefs of Police
2. Europol
3. IACP
4. Interpol
5. UN policing

Drug Trafficking - Drug trafficking is the commercial

exchange of drugs
and drug paraphernalia. This include any equipment used
to manufacture
illegal drugs or use them.

Elliniki Astynomia - is the national police service of

Greece.

EUROPOL - It means European Police Office or Europol.

Europol is the
European Unions criminal intelligence agency. It became
fully
operational on July 1,1999. Europol only acts on request
at present.

EUROPOL's Mandate
1. llicit drug trafficking
2. Illicit immigration networks;
 3. Terrorism; Forgery of money (counterfeiting of the
euro)
and other means of payment;
4. Trafficking in human beings (including child
pornography);
5. Illicit vehicle trafficking;
6. Money laundering

Gendarmerie Nationale - is the national rural police force

of Algeria.

National Gendarmerie - is a branch of the French

Armed Forces,
in charge of public safety, with police duties among
the
civilian population.

Globalization - is a process of interaction and integration

among
the people, companies,and government of different
nations, as process
driven by international trade and investment and aided
by information
technology.

Hezbollah - literally means "Party of God", is a Shi'a

Islamist militant
group and political party based in Lebanon.

Hongkong Police Force - It is the world's second, and

Asia's first,
police agency to operate with a modern policing system.

Human Trafficking - the illegal movement of people,

typically for the
purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual
exploitation.

IACP - (International Association of Chiefs of Police) the

worlds
oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of
police
executives, with over 20,000 members in over 80
different countries.
IACPs leadership consists of the operating chief executes
of
international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.

Illegal Drug Trade - the term being used in the

international scene,
it is a more comprehensive term than drug trafficking as
it includes
cultivation and manufacture.

International Crime - Defined as crimes against the peace

and security
of mankind.

International Crimes
1. Aggression (by one state against another)
2. Treat of aggression
3. Genocide (destroying a national, ethnic, racial, or
religious group)
4. Terrorism
5. Drug trafficking

International Criminal Justice - It involves the study and

description
of one countrys law, criminal procedure, or justice.
Comparative
criminal justice system attempts to build on the
knowledge of criminal
justice in one country by investigating and evaluating, in
terms of
another country,culture, or institution.

Interpol - (International Criminal Police Organization) It

began in
1923,and at the same time its name was International
Criminal
Police Commission. In 1956, its name became
International Criminal
Police Organization. Slowly, the name of this international
organization
became famous as Interpol. Now,Interpol is the second
biggest
international organization; the United Nations is the first.

Jemaah Islamiyah - (Islamic Congregation) is a Southeast

Asian militant
Islamist terrorist organization dedicated to the
establishment of a
regional Islamic caliphate in Southeast Asia.

Jolly R. Bugarin - a Filipino former President of the

Interpol, from
1980 to 1984. He is the only Filipino who had achieved
that feat.

Koban - is a small neighborhood police station found in

Japan. Often
translated to English as Police Box. Koban are staffed by a
relatively
small number of police officers (usually 3-5 officers).

Chuzaisho - (residential police box) is usually staffed

by a
single officer. The Chuzaisho is typically located
outside of
urban districts in villages and is operated by one
community
officer, who resides with his family in this police
facility.
 Hashutsusho - (police box) The Hashutsusho is
typically placed
in an urban district and is operated by a number of
community
police officers who work under a shift system. The
community
officers generally live in the jurisdiction served by the
Hashutsusho.

Model System - is used to described the countries being

used as
topics of discussion.These countries are chosen not
because they are
greater than others but because they are thefocus of
comparison
being studied.

Money Laundering - the concealment of the origins of

illegally obtained
money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign
banks or
legitimate businesses.
Mutawa - religious police in Saudi Arabia whose duty is to
ensure
strict adherence to established codes of conduct.

National Public Safety Commission - is the policy making

and oversight
body of the national police forces in Japan and South
Korea.

Ng Pirihimana o Aotearoa - it literally means "the

policeman", is the
national police force of New Zealand. Policing in New
Zealand started
in 1840.

Palermo Protocols - are three protocols that were adopted

by the
United Nations to supplement the 2000 Convention
against Transnational
Organized Crime. They are:
1. The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in
Persons, especially Women and Children; and
 2. The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by
Land,
Sea and Air.
3. The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and
Trafficking
in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and
Ammunition

POLRI - (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia)

Indonesian National Police.
The Chief of Police of Indonesia is called Kapolri.

Police Box - is a British telephone kiosk or callbox located

in a public
place for the use of members of the police, or for
members of the public
to contact the police. Most are disused at present with
the advent of
two way radio and mobile phones.

Polis Diraja - the Royal Malaysia police.

RA 8792 - Electronic Commerce Act of 2000.

RA 9208 - The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003.

RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.

RA 9372 - Human Security Act of 2007.

RA 9995 - Anti-Photo and Voyeurism Act of 2009.

Schupo - (Schutzpolizei), the state level police of the

German States.

Taliban - means "students", is an Islamic fundamentalist

political
movement in Afghanistan.

Terrorism - the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence

and
intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.

Transnational Crime - It is a term that has been used in

comparative
and international criminal justice study in recent years to
reflect
the complexity and enormity of global crime issues. It is
defined
by the United Nations (UN) offences whose inception,
proportion
and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more than one
country.

Examples of Transnational Crimes

1. Money laundering
2. Drug trafficking
3. Terrorism
4. Human trafficking
5. Cyber crime

Transnational Organized Crime - involves the planning

and execution
of illicit business ventures by groups or networks of
individuals
working in more than one country. These criminal groups
use systematic
violence and corruption to achieve their goal. Crimes
commonly
include money laundering; human smuggling; cyber
crime; and
trafficking of humans, drugs, weapons,endangered
species, body parts,
or nuclear material.

Types of Court Systems of the World

1. Adversarial System - the accused is innocent until
proven guilty.
2. Inquisitorial System - the accused is guilty until proven
innocent.

Vetting - is the process of performing a background check

on someone
to ensure that they are suitable for a job requiring
secrecy, loyalty,
or trustworthiness.

Well Known Organized Crime Group

1. Russian Mafia - Around 200 Russian groups that
operate in nearly
 60 countries worldwide. They have been involved in
racketeering,
fraud, tax evasion, gambling, drug trafficking, ransom,
robbery
and murder.
2. La Cosa Nostra - Known as the Italian or Italian-
American mafia.
The most prominent organized crime group in the world
from the
1920s to the 1990s. They have been involved in
violence, arson,
bombings, torture, sharking, gambling, drug trafficking,
health
insurance fraud, and political and judicial corruption.
3. Yakuza - Japanese criminal group. Often involved in
multinational
criminals activities,including human trafficking,
gambling,
prostitution, and undermining licit businesses.
4. FukChing - Chinese organized group in the United
States. They
have been involved in smuggling, street violence, and
human
trafficking.
5. Triads - Underground criminal societies based in Hong
Kong. They
control secret markets and bus routes and are often
involved in
money laundering and drug trafficking.
6. Heijin - Taiwanese gangsters who are often executives
in large
corporations. They are often involved in white collar
crimes,
such as illegal stock trading and bribery, and
sometimes run
for public office.
7. Jao Pho - Organized crime group in Thailand. They are
often
involved in illegal political and business activity.
8. Red Wa - Gangsters from Thailand. They are involved in
manufacturing and trafficking methamphetamine.